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THE 


PROCEEDINGS 


LiNNEAN  Society 


NEW  SOUTH  WALES. 


FOR    THE    YE^R    1892. 


PRINTED  AND  PUBLISHED  FOR  THE  SOCIETY 

BY 

F.    CUNNINC4HAME   &   CO.,  146   PITT   STREET. 
SOLD    BY    THE    SOCIETY. 

isys 


0^.'^^  (V 


SYDNEY 

K.  CUNNINGHAME   AND    CO.,  PRINTERS, 
PITT    STREET. 


CONTENTS  OP  VOL.  YLL 

(SECOISriD    SERIES.) 


PART   I. 

(Issried  September  1st,  1S02.) 


PAGE 
Contributions  to  a  more  exact  Knowledge  of  the  Geographical  Distri- 
bution of  Australian  Batrachia.     No.  iii.     By  J.  J.  Fletcher    ...       7 

A  Monograph  of  the  Temnocephahoi.     Part  i.     By  Professor  W.   A. 

Haswell.     [Title.]  19 

Notes  on  some  specimens  of  Plants  collected  at  King  George's  Sound 

by  Mr.  H.  Willis.     By  the  Rev.  W.  Woolls,  Ph.D.,  F.L.S.      ...     25 

On  Panax  Gum.     By  J.  H.  Maiden,  F.L.S.,  &c 35 

Studies  in  Australian  Entomology.  No.  v. — Notes  on  the  Sub-family 
Broscini  (GarabidceJ,  with  Descriptions  of  new  Species,  By 
Thomas  G.  Sloane  45 

Notes  on  Australian  Coleoptera,  with  Descriptions  of  new   Species. 

Part  XL     By  the  Rev.  T.  Blackburn,  B.A.,  Corr.  Mem 65 

Notes  on  Australian  Cynipidm,  with  Descriptions  of  several  new 
Species.     By  Walter  W.  Froggatt 152 

Observations   on   the    Charopidw.     Part    i.     By   C.    Hedley,   F.L.S. 

(Plates  L  and  II.) 157 

A  second  undescribed  Form  of  Womerah  from  Northern  Australia, 
By  R.  Etheridge,  Junr.,  Palaeontologist  to  the  Australian 
Museum,  and  Geological  Survey  of  N.  S.  Wales.     (Plate  iii.)      ...  170 

Elections  and  Announcements  1,21,42 

Donations  1,  21,  42 

Notes  and  Exhibits       20,40,174 


27775 


IV.  CONTENTS. 

PART  II. 

(Issued  Xovember  22nd,  1803.) 

PAGE 

A  viviparous  Australian  Peripatus  (P.  leuckartii,  Sang.).     By  J.  J. 

Fletcher,  M.A.,  B.Sc 179 

Jottings  from  the  Biological  Laboratory  of  the  Sydney  University. 
By  Professor  W.  A.  Haswell,  M.A.,  D.Sc. 

No.  16. — Note  on  the  Occurrence  of  a  Flagellate  Infusorian  as 
an  Inti'a-cellular  Parasite  ..  197 

Catalogue  of  the  Described  Hymenoptera  of  Australia.  Part  II.  By 
W.  W.  Froggatt 205 

On  twenty  new  Species  of  Australian  Lepidoptei-a.     By  T.  P.  Lucas, 

M.K.C.S.E.,  L.S.A.,  Lond.,  L.R.C.P.Ed 249 

Further  Notes  on  the  Oviparity  of   the  larger  Victorian  Peripatus, 

generally  known  as  P.  hucl-artii.     By  Arthur  Dendy,  D.Sc.      ...  267 

List  of  twenty  Species  of  Mosses  collected  at  Lord  Howe  Island.  By 
T.  Whitelegge,  F.R.M.S 277 

Notes  on  Australian  Coleoptera,  with  Descriptions  of  New  Species. 

Part  XII.     By  the  Rev.  T.  Blackburn,  B.A.,  Corr.  Mem.  ...  2S3 

Note  on  a  new  Decapodous  Crustacean,  Prosojpofi  Ethefidgei,  H.  Woodw., 
from  the  Cretaceous  of  Queensland.  By  Henry  Woodward, 
LL.D.,  F.R.S.,  of  the  British  Museum,  London     (Plate  iv.)        ...  301 

Note  on  Queensland  Cretaceous  Crustacea.     By  R.  Etheridge,  Junr.     305 

On  Leaia  MitcheUi,  Etheridge,  fil.,  from  the  Upper  Coal  Measures  of 
the  Newcastle  District.  By  R,  Etheridge,  Junr.,  Palaeontologist 
to  the  Australian  Museum,  and  Geological  Survey  of  N.  S.  Wales    307 

On  the  Genus  Perm?7a.     By  C.  Hedley,  F.L.S 311 

Elections  and  Announcements  202 

Donations        > 175,202,279 

Notes  and  Exhibits      200,277, 


PART   III. 

(Issued  March  16th,  1893.) 

PAGE 

Observations  on  the  Poisonous  Constituents  of  the  Venom  of  the 
Australian  Black  Snake  ( P'^eudtrhU  ^Jorp/tyriixc^sJ.  By  C.  J. 
Martin-,  M.B.,  B.Sc 319 

Gall-making  Buprestiils.     By  Walter  W.  Froggatt 323 

*0n  the   Pliocene  Mollasca  of   New   Zealand.      By  Professor    F.  W. 

Hptton,  F.R.S.,  Hon.  Mem.  L.S.N. S.W.     [Title.^  327 

*  Contributions  to  our  Knowledge  of  Ceratodm.      Part  I. — The  Blood 

Vessels.     By  Professor  W.  Baldwin  Spencer,  M.A.     [Title.}   ...  327 

*  Notes  on  an  Undescribed  Acacia  from  New  South  Wales.     By  Baron 

von  Mueller,  K.C.M.G.,  M.  &  Ph.D.,  LL.D.,  F.R.S.     [Title.]...  327 

Some  New  South  Wales  Plants  Illustrated.     By  R.  T.  Baker.     No.  ii. 

Tarrietia  argyrodendron,  'Benth.     (Plate  v.)...         ...  ...         ...  333 

The  Range  of  Placostylns ;  a  Study  in  Ancient  Geography.     By  C. 

Hedley,  F.L.S 335 

Jottings  from   the  Biological  Laboratory  of  the  Sydney  University. 

By  Professor  W.  A.  Haswell,  M.A.,  D.Sc. 

No.  17. — Three  Zoological  Novelties  340 

*  Observations  upon   the  Anatomy  of  the  Muzzle  of   Ornithorhynchus. 

By  Professor  .J.  T.  Wilson,  M.B.,  and  C.  J.  Martin,  M.B.,  B.Sc. 
[Title.]         343 

*0n  the  ]3eculiar  Rod-like  Tactile  Organs  in  the  Integument  and  Mucous 
Membrane  of  the  Muzzle  of  Oriiithorhyiichus.  By  Professor  J.  T. 
Wilson,  M.B.,  and  C.  J.  Martin,  M.B.,  B.Sc.     [Title.] 343 

Note  on  the  Occurrence  of  certain  Fossils  in  previously  unrecoi'ded 
localities  in  N.S.W.,  with  Remarks  on  the  Correlation  of  certain 
Beds  in  the  Newcastle  and  Illawarra  Districts.    By  John  Mitchell  345 

^Description  of  a  new  Hakea  from  Eastern  New  South  Wales.  By 
Baron  von  Mueller,  K.C.M.G.,  M.  &  Ph.D.,  F.R.S.,  and  J.  H. 
Maiden,  F.L.S.,  F.C.S.     [Title.]        352 

Notes  on  the  Family  Brarhyscelidm,  with  some  Account  of  their  Para- 
sites, and  Descriptions  of  new  Species.  Part  i.  By  Walter  W. 
Froggatt.     (Plates  vi.-vii.)      353 

»  Papers  marked  with  an  asterisk  will  be  published  in  the  Macleay  Memorial  Volume. 


PART    III.   (continued). 

PAGE 

Note  on  the  Fructification  of  (?fo.s.so/)^em-.     By  John  Mitchell  ...  377 

Observations  on  certain  Undescribecl  Gall-making  Goccidoi  of  the  Sub- 

FsLinily  Brachyscelince.     By  A.  Sidney  Olliff.     [Title.] 378 

Some  New  South  Wales  Plants  Illustrated.     By  R.  T.  Baker.     No.  iii. 

Acacia  23UClioiiifo7'niis,  \Yendl.     (Plate  viii.)...         ...         ...         ...  379 

On  the  supposed  New  Zealand  Species  of  Lepto2')0)na.     By  O.  F.  von 

MOELLENDORFF,  Ph.D.      ...  385 

Schizoglosaa :   a  new  Genus  of  Carnivorous  Snails.     By  C.  Hedley, 

F.L.S.     (Plates  IX. -X.) 387 

Note  on  Gastrodia  sesavioides,  R.Br.     By  the  Rev.  W.  Woolls,  Ph.D., 

F.L.S 393 

Oological  Notes.     By  Alfred  J.  North,  F  L.S. 

i.^Notes  on  the  Nesting-place  and  Eggs  of  Halcyon  sordidus, 

Gould .395 

ii. — Notes  on  the   Nesting-place   and  Eggs  of  Cyauorhamphiis 

rayneri,  G.  R.  Gray ..  397 

Modifications  of  the  Billetta  or  Gnalealing  Wonierah.     By  R.  Ethe- 

RIUGE,  Junr.     (Plate  XI.)  399 

Description  of  a  new  Tree-frog  from  New  South  Wales.     By  G.  A. 

Boulenger.  403 

*Observations  on  the  Myology  of  PaUiianis  Edwardaii.  By  Professor 
T.  Jeffery  Parker,  D.Sc,  F.R.S.,  and  .Josephine  Gordon  Rich. 
[Title.]        410 

*0n  Parmarochlea  Fischeri,  Smith.    By  C.  Hedley,  F.L.S.    [Title.]  ...  410 

*0n  the  Geographical  Relations  of  the  Floras  of  Norfolk  and  Lord  Howe 

Islands.     By  Professor  Ralph  Tate,  F.L.S.,  F.G.S      [Title.]      ...410 

Revision  of  the  Australian  Amarygmides.     By  the  Rev.  T.  Blackburn, 

B.A.,  Corr.  Mem.     Part  i.  The  Genus  Chalcoptervs  411 

Elections  and  Announcements  315,  329,  348,  374,  381,  406 

Donations  315,329,348,374,381,406 

Notes  and  Exhibits      328,344,373,380,404 

»  Papers  marked  with  an  asterisk  will  be  published  in  the  Maclea}-  Memorial  Volume. 


PART   IV. 

(Issued  May  1st,  1S93.) 


PAGE 


Descriptions  of   some   new  AraneidcB  of   New  South  Wales.     No.  i. 

By  W.  J.  Rainbow.     (Plate  xii.)        471 

Descriptions  of  Australian  Micro-Lepidoptera.     xvi.  Tineidae.     By  E. 

Meyrick,  B.A.,  F.Z.S 477 

Reference  List  of  the  Land  and  Fresh-Water  MoUusca  of  New  Zealand. 

By  C.  Hedley  and  H.  SuTER 613 

Some  New  South  Wales  Plants  Illustrated.     No.  iv.  Acacia  pruinosa, 

Cunn.     ByR.  T.Baker.     (Plate  xiii.)         666 

Notes  and  Exhibits      667 

President's  Address 668 

Office-bearers  and  Council  for  1893 690 

Title-page,  Contents,  Index  to  Vol.  vii.  (2nd  Ser.),  List  of  Plates  and 
Corrigenda. 


LIST    OF    Pl.ATICS 

VOL.  YII. 

(second  series). 


Plates  I. -II. — Tasmania!!    species  of   Gharo2ja   (G.  bischoffen-sis,  Bedd.,    C. 

antialbci,  Bedd.,  C.  gadensis,  Bedd.,  and  C.  albaiiemis,  Cox). 
Plate  III. — Sword-like  Womerah  from  Northern  Australia. 
Plate  IV. — Prosopon  Etheridgei,  Woodw. 
Plate  V.  —  Tarrietia  argyrodcndron,  Benth. 
Plates  VI. -VII. — Brachyscelid  galls  and  coeciils. 
Plate  VIII. — Acacia  pugioniformis,  Wendl. 
Plates  IX. -X. — Schizoglossa  novoseelandica,  Pfr.  (sp.). 
Plate  XI. — Billetta  or  Gnalealing  Womerah. 
Plate  XII. — Australian  Spiders  (Slephano]^^  aspera,  Rainb.,  and  Gycloctentis 

abyssinus,  Urq.). 
Plate  XIII. — Acacia pruinoAa,  Cunn. 


CORRIGENDA. 


Page  104 — The  number  of  this  page  was  inadvertently  omitted. 

Page   243,    last    line    but   one — for    Trigonia    carbonaria    read    Trigona 

carbonaria. 
Page  300,  line  10 — before  sat  brevoribus  insert  quam  4"**. 
Page  333,  line  19— for  T.  trifolialata  read  T  trifoliolata. 
Page  346,  line  25 — for  G.  ienreopteroides  read  G.  tceniopteroide'-:. 
Page  405,  line  9  —for  Nfeggerathiopsis.  read  Noggerathiopsis. 
Pa"e  418,  line  12 — for  G.  ttnthracinum  read  G.  anthracinm. 
Page  452,  line  32— for  G.  loginsculiis  read  G.  lovgiusctdus. 


IPI^OCEEIDinsrG-S 


LINNEAN    SOCIETY 


2>TE'^v7;7-    SOTJim    ■^XT'-.a^XjES. 


WEDNESDAY,  27th  JANUARY,  1892. 


The  President,  Professor  Haswell,  M.A.,  D.Sc,  in  the  Chair. 


Mr.  "W.  J.  Rainbow  was  elected  a  Member,  and  Miss  Sarah 
Hynes,  B.A.,  an  Associate  Member  of  the  Society. 


Donations  (since  the  Meeting  in  November,  1891). 

"Department  of  Agriculture,  Brisbane — Bulletin."  Nos.  12 
and  13  (November-and  December,  1891).  From  the  Secretary  of 
Agriculture. 

"  Journal  of  the  Bombay  Natural  History  Society."  Vol.  v.. 
No.  3  (1890).     From  the  Society. 

"  Transactions  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  London  for  the 
year  1891."     Part  3  (October).     From  the  Society. 


Z  DONATIONS. 

"  Zoologischer  Aiizeiger."  xiv.  Jahrg.,  Nos.  359  and  375-379 
(1891).     From  the  Editor. 

"Australian  Museum — Report  of  the  Trustees  for  1890;" 
"Records."  Vol.  i.,  No.  10  (December,  1891).  From  the 
Trustees. 

South  Australia — "  Reports  on  Coal-bearing  Area  in  neighbour- 
hood of  Leigh's  Creek  "  (1891).  By  the  Government  Geologist. 
From  the  Author. 

"Annals  of  the  Queensland  Museum."  No.  1  (1891).  From 
the  Museum,. 

"  Agricultural  Gazette  of  New  South  Wales."  Vol.  ii.,  Parts 
10  and  11  (October  and  November,  1891).  From  the  Director  of 
Agriculture. 

"  Bulletin  de  la  Soci6te  Royale  de  Geographie  d'Anveis."  Tome 
xvi.,  1'"®  Fascicule  (1891).     From  the  Society. 

"Gesellschaft  fiir  Erdkunde  zu  Berlin — Verhandlungen."  Band 
xviii.,  Nos.  7  and  8  (1891);  "  Zeitschrift."  Band  xxvi.,  Nos.  4 
and  5  (1891).     From  the  Society. 

Three  Conchological  Pamphlets.     By  Edgar  A.  Smith.      From 
,  the  Author. 

Journal  of  the  Royal  Microscopical  Society,  1891."  Part  5 
(October).     From  the  Society. 

"  United  States  National  Museum — Proceedings."  Vol.  xiv., 
Nos.  851,  857,  864,  865,  867-879  (1891).     From  the  Museum. 

"  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture — Division  of  Ento- 
mology— Insect  Life."  Vol.  iv.,  Nos.  1-4  (October  and  November, 
1891).     From  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture. 

"  Bulletin  of  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Harvard 
College."    Vol.  xvi.,  No.  10  (September,  1891).    Fi^om  the  Curator. 

"  The  Pharmaceutical  Journal  of  Australasia."  Vol.  iv.,  Nos.  11 
and  12  (November  and  December,  1891).     Froin  the  Editor. 


DONATIONS.  3 

"  Journal  of  Comparative  Medicine  and  Veterinary  Archives." 
Vol.  xii.,  Nos.  10  and  11  (October  and  November,  1891).  From 
the  Editor. 

"The  Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Geological  Society."  Vol. 
xlvii.,  Part  4,  No.  188  (November,  1891)  ;  "  List  of  the  Society" 
(November,  1891).     From  the  Society. 

"  Reichenbachia — Orchids  illustrated  and  described."  By  F. 
Sander.  Second  series,  Vol.  i..  Parts  7  and  8  ;  "  Berliner  Euto- 
mologische  Zeitschrift."  Band  xxxiv.,  Heft  1  (1891) ;  "Stettiner 
Entomologische  Zeitung."  lii.  Jahrg.,  Nos.  4-6  (1891).  Fro7n  the 
Eon.  Sir  William  Macleay,  M.L.C.,  F.L.S. 

"  Joui'nal  of  the  College  of  Science.  Imperial  University  of 
Japan."     Vol.  iv..  Part  2.     From  the  Director. 

"  Iconography  of  Australian  Salsolaceons  Plants."  Decade  viii. 
By  Baron  von  Mueller,  K.C.M.C,  F.R.S.  From  the  Premier  of 
Victoria,  through  the  Librarian,  Public  Library,  Melbourne. 

"The  Victorian  Naturalist."  Vol.  viii.,  Nos.  8  and  9  (Decem- 
ber, 1891,  and  January,  1892)  From  the  Field  Naturalists^  Club 
of  Victoria. 

"  The  Perak  Government  Gazette."  Vol.  iv.,  Nos.  35-39 
(November  and  December,  1891).    From  the  Government  Secretary. 

"  Abhandlungen  aus  dem  Gebiete  der  Naturwissenschaften 
herausgegeben  vom  Naturwissenschaftlichen  Verein  in  Hamburg." 
Band  xi.,  Heft  2  and  3  (1891).     From  the  Society. 

"Bulletin  de  la  Societe  d'Etudes  Scientifiques  d' Angers."  n.s. 
T.  xix.  (1889).     From  the  Society. 

"Journal  de  Conchyliologie."  3™®  S^rie,  Tome  xxx.,  Nos.  1-4 
(1890).     From  tJie  Society. 

"Memoires  de  I'Academie  Imperiale  des  Sciences  de  St.  Peters- 
bourg."  vii®  Serie,  Tome  xxxviii.,  Nos.  2  and  3  (1891).  From 
the  Society. 


4:  DONATIONS. 

"The  Missouri  Botanical  Garden — Second  Annual  Report." 
From  the  Director. 

"  Proceedings  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Phila- 
delphia, 1891."     Part  1.     From  the  Society. 

"Annual  Reports  of  the  Board  of  Regents  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution  for  the  years  1888  and  1889."  "  The  Forest  Trees  of 
North  America."  By  Asa  Gray  (1891).  From  the  Smithsonian 
Institution. 

"  Proceedings  of  the  Cambridge  Philosophical  Society."  Vol. 
vii.,  Parts  4  and  5  (1891).      From  the  Society. 

"  Bulletin  de  la  Societe  Beige  de  Microscopie."  xvii™"  Annee, 
No.  10  ;  xviii"^"  Annee,  No.  1  (October,  1891).     From  the  Society. 

"  Journal  of  the  Marine  Biological  Association  of  the  United 
Kingdom."  n.s.  Vol.  i.,  Nos.  1-3  (1889-90);  Vol.  ii.,  No.  2 
(November,  1891).     From,  the  Association. 

"  Zoological  Society  of  London — -Transactions."  Vol.  xiii..  Part 
3  (October,  1891);  "Proceedings  for  the  year  1891."  Parts  2 
and  3  (August  and  Octobei',  1891);  "Abstracts,"  3rd  November, 
1891,  17th  November,  and  1st  December,  1891.  From  the 
Society. 

"  The  Australasian  Joux'nal  of  Pharmacy."  Vol.  vi.,  No.  72 
(December,  1891).     From  the  Editor. 

Queensland  —  "  Annual  Progress  Report  of  the  Geological 
Survey  for  the  year  1890."     From  R.  L.  Jack,  Esqr.,  Government 


"  Archiv  fiir  Naturgeschichte."     Ivii.  Jahrg.,   Band  i.,  Heft  2 
(1891).     From  the  Editor. 

"Jahreshefte   des   Vereins  fiir  vaterlandische  Naturkunde  in 
Wiirttemberg."     xl  vii.  Jahrg.  (1891).     From  the  Society. 

"Horse  Societatis   Entomologicse   Rossicse."       T.   xxv.   (1890- 
1891).     From  the  Society, 


DONATIONS.  0 

"  Abhandlungen  heraiisge2;eben  von  der  Senckenbergischen 
Naturforschenden  Gesellschaft."  Band  xvi.,  Heft  3-4  (1891). 
From  the  Society. 

"  University  of  Melbourne — Calendar  for  1892  ;  Examination 
Papers,"  November,  1891  ("Matriculation").  From  the  Uni- 
versity. 

"Journal  of  Comparative  Neurology."  Vol.  i.,  Part  3  (October, 
1891).     From  the  Editor,  Professor  C.  L.  Herrich. 

"  The  Canadian  Record  of  Science."  Vol.  iv.,  Nos.  6  and  7 
(1891).     From  the  Society. 

"  Journal  and  Proceedings  of  the  Hamilton  Association." 
Pait  vii.  (1890-91).     From  the  Association. 

"Johns  Hopkins  University  Circulars."  Vol.  xi.,  Nos.  92  and 
93  (November,  1891).     From  the  University. 

"  Australasian  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science — 
Inaugural  Address."  By  Sir  Robert  G.  C.  Hamilton,  K.C.B., 
President  (Hobart),  Fourth  Meeting  (1891).  Fromthe  Associa- 
tion. 

"Transactions  and  Proceedings  and  Report  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  South  Australia."  Vol.  xiv..  Part  2  (December,  1891). 
From  the  Society. 

"  A  Summary  of  the  Darwinian  Theory  of  the  Origin  of  Species." 
By  Francis  P.  Pascoe,  F.L.S.,  &c.     From  the  Author. 

"Hooker's  Icones  Plantarum."  Third  Series.  Vols,  i.-xi.. 
Part  3  (1867-91).     From  the  Bentham  Trustees,  Keiv  Gardens. 

"  Memoires  de  la  Societe  des  Naturalistes  de  la  Nouvelles 
Russie,  Odessa."  Tome  xvi,  No.  1  (1891);  "Memoires  Mathe- 
matiques."     T.  xiii.  (1891).     From  the  Society. 

"L' Academic  Royale  des  Sciences,  des  Lettres  et  des  Beaux  Arts 
de  Belgique— Annuaire  "  (1890  and  1891).  "  Bulletins."  Third 
Series.     Tomes  xviii-xxi.  (1889-91).     From  the  Society. 


b  DONATIONS. 

"  Mittlieilungen  aus  der  Zoologischen  Station  zu  Neapel." 
Band  x.,  Heft  1  (1891).     From  the  Society. 

"  Victoria — Reports  and  Statistics  of  the  Mining  Department, 
for  the  quarter  ended  30th  September,  1891."  From  the  Secretary 
for  Mines. 

"List  of  Snakes  in  the  Indian  Museum."  By  W.  L.  Sclater, 
M.A,,  F.Z.S.     From  the  Trustees. 

''Archives  N6erlandaises  des  Sciences  exactes  et  Naturelles." 
Tome  XXV.,  3""^  et  4"''=  Livraisons  (1891).     From  the  Society. 

"  Western  Australia — Annual  General  Report  of  the  Govern- 
ment Geologist  for  the  year  1890."     From  the  Author. 


PAPERS    READ. 

CONTRIBUTIONS   TO  A  MORE   EXACT   KNOWLEDGE 

OF   THE   GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTRIBUTION   OF 

AUSTRALIAN    BATRACHIA.     No.  iii. 

By  J.  J.  Fletcher. 


This  third  small  contribution  records  the  collections  which  have 
coine  to  hand  since  June  last.  The  subject  is  not  by  any  means 
exhausted ;  but  as  there  is  no  immediate  prospect  of  further 
supplies  of  material,  the  results  so  far  gained  may  presently  be 
briefly  reviewed ;  and  with  this,  for  the  time  being,  one  must  be 
coutent. 

(ii.)  The  inland  division  of  N.S.  W.  (West  of  the  Dividing  Range). 

(r)  From  Lucknow,  near  Orange  (collected  by  Mr.  W.  W. 
Froggatt). 

Limnodynastes  tasmaniensis  Hyperolia  marmorata 

dorsalis  Pseudophryne  bihronii 

Hyla  ewingii,  vslv.  B. 

Only  one  species  in  this  collection  calls  for  comment,  namely 
II.  efvingii,  var.  B  (eleven  specimens),  characterised,  as  to  most 
of  the  specimens,  by  the  presence  of  even  more  spots  and  markings 
on  the  flanks  and  elsewhere  than  in  var.  A  (calliscelis)  and  than 
I  have  ever  previously  seen.  This  is  the  first  time,  too,  that  the 
species  has  occurred  in  any  of  the  collections  from  the  inland 
division,  and  it  is  probably  to  be  regarded  as  a  straggler  from  the 
coast.     Further  references  to  these  specimens  will  be  found  below. 

(s)  From  Wellington  Caves  (collected  by  Mr.  W.  W.  Froggatt). 
Limnodynastes  tasmaniensis  Fsetidophryne  bihronii 


5        GEOGRAPHICAL    DISTRIBUTION    OF    AUSTRALIAN    BATRACHIA, 

(t)  From  Yass  (collected  by  Mr.  W.  W.  Froggatt). 

Limnodynastes  tasmaniensis  Crinia  signifera 

dorsalis  Pseudojjhryne  hibronii 

Hyla  ewingii,  var.  B  (one  specimen). 

Syla  aurea  was  seen  also,  but  specimens  were  not  brought. 
As  in  the  collection  from  Lucknow,  H.  ewingii  var.,  is  here 
associated  with  some  of  the  widely  distributed  species  which  are 
to  be  met  with  in  any  tolerably  complete  inland  collection. 

One  or  more  specimens  of  a  single  species  from  a  single  station 
have  been  received  as  follows : — Limnodynastes  dorsalis,  Cooma 
(Dr.  Cobb),  Cowra  (Rev.  A.  Fletcher) ;  L.  tasmaniensis,  Weut- 
worth,  N.S.W.  (Mr.  A.  Sidney  OUiff)  ;  Cryptotis  brevis,  Gosford 
(Mr.  C.  T.  Masson).  A  third  instalment  of  frogs  from  Dandaloo 
yielded  nothing  not  previously  sent :  a  supplementary  collection 
forwarded  by  Mr.  Sloane  from  Emu  Plains,  Tirana,,  contained 
specimens  of  Hyla  peronii,  not  previously  obtained.  Quite  recently 
on  the  Blue  Mts.  I  have  found  both  Limnodynastes  tasmaniensis 
and  Hyla  dentata  to  occur. 


Two  collections  from  South  Queensland — one  from  the  coast, 
the  other  from  inland — may  here  be  recorded. 

(a)  From  Pim]iama,  S.  of  Brisbane  (collected  by  Miss  A. 
Harding). 

Limnodynastes  peronii  Hyperolia  marmorata 

Cryptotis  brevis  Pseudophryne  coriacea 

Hyla  lesueurii 

This  collection  was  obtained  during  a  very  unfavourable  season, 
and  does  not  at  all  satisfactorily  represent  the  batrachian  fauna 
of  the  district.  No  peculiar  Queensland  species  are  included ; 
otherwise,  as  far  as  it  goes,  it  shows  a  fauna  very  similar  to  tliat 
of  our  northern  river  districts,  as  was  to  be  expected . 


BY    J.  J.   FLETCHER.  V 

(I))  From  Waroo,  Inglewood,  about  60  miles  west  of  Stanthorpe 
(collected  by  Mr.  A.  J.  Ewen). 

Livmodynastes  tasmaniensis  Pseudophryne  coriacea 

Crinia  signifera  Hyla  lesueurii 

Hyperolia  marmorata  lato^mlmafa 

Fifty-seven  living  specimens  were  kindly  forwarded  in  an 
ingeniously  contrived  vivarium  by  Mr.  A.  J.  Ewen,  through  the 
kind  raerliation  of  Mr.  R.  Etheridge,  junr.,  of  the  department  of 
Mines.  In  this  collection  the  burrowers  are  conspicuously  absent ; 
and  there  are  no  peculiar  Queensland  species ;  but  it  is 
noticeable  how  inland,  as  well  as  on  the  coast,  in  about  this 
latitude,  P.  coriacea  seems  to  have  more  or  less  completely 
replaced  P.  hibronii,  so  common  further  south  (recorded  by  me 
from  eight  inland  stations,  besides  Benalla  and  Ballarat  in  the 
.southern  colony)  :  otherwise,  as  far  as  it  goes,  it  is  a  fairly  typical 
inland  collection. 

A  somewhat  more  extended  and  definite  knowledge  of  the 
geographical  distribution  of  Australian  Batrachians  appearing  to 
be  desirable,  the  best  way  of  making  a  beginning  seemed  to  be 
to  obtain  from  as  many  localities  as  possible,  more  particularly 
extra-coastal  ones,  as  complete  collections  as  could  be  got  together, 
and  then  to  record  them.  Thanks  very  largely  to  a  number  of 
friends,  to  whom  I  freely  acknowledge  my  indebtedness,  a  start 
for  IST.S  W.  has  been  made.  Collections  from  seven  coastal 
stations  (in  this  case  rather  districts),  and  from  seventeen  inland 
stations — besides  four  others  from  which  single  specimens  or 
specimens  of  a  single  species  are  recorded,  circumstances  not 
allowing  of  collections  being  made — have  been  got  together, 
comprising  several  hundred  individuals,  and  in  some  cases  form- 
ing good  series.  Collections  from  stations  on  the  South  Coast,  on 
the  Northern  Tablelands,  and  especially  on  the  Darling,  and  still 
further  west,  are,  however,  still  desiderata ;  and  I  should  be  very 
gla.d  indeed  to  receive  such,  or  promises  of  co-operation  in  obtaining 
them. 


10      GEOGRAPHICAL    DISTRIBUTION    OP    AUSTRALIAN    BATRACHIA, 

Every  collection  recorded,  doulitless  only  more  or  less,  and  some- 
times even  very,  incompletely  represents  the  batrachian  fauna  of 
the  particular  locality  whence  it  came.  More  particularly  was 
this  the  case  when  the  collectors  were  unprepared  for  burrowers, 
and  when  the  collecting  was  not  continued  over  a  sufficiently  long- 
period,  preferably  over  several  seasons. 

In  an  interesting  paper  on  "  The  Distribution  of  Fresh-water 
Fishes''*  in  Anaeiioa,  Professor  Jordan  says:  "It  is  easy  to 
ascertidn  the  more  common  inhabitants  of  any  given  stream. 
It  is  difficult,  however,  to  obtain  negative  results  which  are 
really  results.  You  cannot  often  say  that  a  species  does  not  live 
in  a  certain  stream.  You  can  only  affirm  that  you  have  not  yet 
found  it  there ;  and  you  can  rarely  fish  in  a  stream  so  long  that 
you  can  find  nothing  that  you  have  not  taken  before."  If  in  this 
extract  for  the  words  "  stream"  and  "fish,"  wherever  such  occur, 
we  substitute  the  words  "district"  and  "collect,"  we  shall  have 
the  case  not  less  admirably  stated  as  regards  Batrachians. 

In  spite  of  the  difficulties  in  the  way  of  getting  even  approxi- 
mately complete  collections,  and  in  acquiring  negative  evidence  of 
value,  and  though  many  desirable  localities  are  still  untouched, 
already  certain  conclusions,  which  further  knowledge  may  extend 
but  cannot  otherwise  very  materially  alter,  may  at  this  stage  quite 
legitimately  be  drawn. 

It  is  quite  evident  that  batrachians  ai'e  to  be  found  in  the 
interior  wherever  the  conditions  allow  of  their  existing,  not  only 
near  the  rivers,  but  at  a  distance  from  these  wherever  there  are 
lakes,  lagoons,  or  swamps,  even  though  these  are  not  always 
absolutely  proof  against  frequent  or  long  continued  droughts. 
A  newspaper  reporter  quite  recently  accompanying  a  Minister  of 
the  Crown  on  a  journey  to  the  Bogan  just  after  the  breaking-up 
of  a  dry  season  thus  describes  what  he  saw  between  Warren  and 
Coonamble,  N.S.  W.  :  "The  scenery  was  of  the  monotonous  order 
peculiar  to  the  plain  country.  There  were  great  bare  patches  of 
miles  in  extent  without  a  living  thing  to  be  seen  except  a  few 

*  Trans.  American  Fisheries  Society,  1888,  p.  4. 


BY    J.  J.   FLETCHER.  11 

slieep  here  and  there,  kangaroos,  emus,  plain  turkeys,  bronze- 
winged  pigeons,     .     .     .     various  kinds  of  ducks  and  other  game. 

.  .  .  The  country  is  indented  here  and  there  with  shallow- 
depressions  in  the  earth,  which  are  filled  with  water  after  the 
rains,  and  sometimes  form  chains  of  ponds  across  the  country." 

At  Emu  Plains,  some  eighteen  miles  from  the  Murrum'oidgee, 
Mr.  Sloane  has  been  good  enough  to  collect  for  me  ;  in  this  locality 
there  are  swamps,  but  they  dry  up  every  year  about  December, 
or  exceptionally  a  month  or  two  later ;  in  fact  there  is  no  perma- 
nent water  except  in  the  station  dams ;  nevertheless  frogs  are  not 
scarce  ;  and  though  my  friend  is  a  busy  man,  and  natural  history 
tastes  in  quite  another  direction  occupy  his  leisure,  yet  just  about 
the  homestead  he  has  been  able  to  collect  seven  species — only  one 
less  than  the  number  at  present  recorded  from  Tasmania  (Hyla 
verreauxii  not  being  regarded  as  a  distinct  species).  Here,  as 
elsewhere,  provided  only  that  the  frogs  can  live  out  the  more  or 
less  lengthy  perinds  of  aestivation,  in  some  years  more  trying  than 
in  others,  the  ponds  after  rain,  wherever  the  soil  is  not  too  sandy, 
are  at  times  sufficiently  permanent  and  sufficiently  numerous, 
forming  chains  of  ponds  across  the  country  as  quoted  above,  to 
affiDrd  a  means  whereby  batrachians  may  be  enabled  to  migrate 
from  places  where  they  have  become  established,  and  so  to  gain 
new  stations ;  or  to  re-people  the  old  haunts  should  excessively 
dry  seasons  prove  utterly  disastrous.  The  possibility  of  spawn 
being  carried  to  distant  localities  on  the  feet  of  aquatic  birds  need 
not  be  left  out  of  consideration  ;  but  I  imagine  the  means  of 
dispersal  mentioned  to  be  of  prime  importance,  and  that  the  great 
river-system  of  the  interior  of  the  colony  is  the  main  source  of 
distribution  and  replenishment. 

Secondly,  whenever  anything  at  all  like  a  fairly  characteristic 
collection  is  obtained,  it  will  be  found  to  comprise  representatives 
■of  all  three  dominant  Australian  families.  This  is  exemplified 
over  and  over  again  in  the  larger  collections  recorded. 

Out  of  about  fiity-four  known  Australian  species  New  South 
Wales  may  be  credited  with  about  thirty -four,  of  which  four 
[Uyla  jervisensis,  II .  dimolops,   11.  nasuta,  and  Hylella  bicolor\ 


12      GEOGRAPHICAL    DISTRIBUTION    OF    AUSTRALIAN    BATRACHIA, 

all  from  the  coastal  division,  are  not  represented  in  my  collections, 
but  as  a  set-ofF  to  this  two  species  \Hyla  gracilenta  and  Phanerotis] 
have  been  added  to  the  coastal  fauna,  and  one  [H.  rubella]  to  the 
inland  fauna.  Of  the  thirty  species  met  with,  twenty-five  belong 
to  the  coastal  division,  and  eighteen*  (not  including  Limnodynastes 
Jletcheri,  for  reasons  given  below)  to  the  inland  division,  fourteen 
species  being  common  to  both.  The  fauna  of  the  coastal  division, 
the  conditions  being  very  favourable,  is  rich  for  the  relatively  small 
area,  and  is  tolerably  well  known,  not  many  new  species  in  all 
probability  remaining  to  be  discovei'ed  :  its  members  may  be 
roughly  divided  into  four  groups  :  (1)  the  species  frequenting  the 
semi-ti'opical  brushes  of  our  northern  river  districts,  or  the  seques- 
tered gullies  of  the  Blue  Mts.,  or  the  Illawarra  Range,  such  as 
Ilixophyes,  Phanerotis,  Cryj)totis,  Limnodynastes  peronii,  Hyla 
gracilenta,  H.  phyllochroa,  and  H.  lesueurii  :  (2)  the  swamp  and 
river  frogs,  such  as  most  of  the  species  of  Lini7iodynastes,  Crinia 
signifera,  and  Hyla  aurea :  (3)  the  largely  terrestrial  tree-frogs 
which  at  least  have  recourse  to  water  for  breeding  purposes,  such 
as  H.  ewingii,  H.  ccerulea,  H.  dentata,  and  H.  peronii :  and  (4) 
the  terrestrial  batrachians  par  excellence,  mostly  toads,  frequenting 
damp  places,  but  avoiding  water,  such  as  the  species  of  Pseudo- 
phryne,  and  probably  also  Hyperolia  marmorata. 

The  restriction  of  some  species  to  the  coastal  division  is  explicable 
on  the  ground  there  only  are  to  be  found  the  natural  conditions 
under  which  they  flourish  ;  on  the  other  hand  we  find  some  species 
inhabiting  both  regions  under  conditions  of  humidity,  kc,  and 
amid  surroundings  widely  different. 

One  of  the  most  marked  differences  between  the  coastal  and 
inland  faunas  arises  from  the  absence  from  the  latter  of  the  brush 
and  gully-haunting  frogs ;  the  balance  is  made  up  of  three  elements : 
(1)  cosmopolitan  species,  (2)  several  peculiar  species,  of  which  two 
\Notaden  and  GhirolejJtes  platycephalus]  seem  to  be  characteristic 
of  the  plain  country,  for  neither  of  them  has  occurred  in  collections 

*  Excluding  also  Pseudophryne  coriacea,  Waroo  being  just  a  little  north 
of  the  northern  border  of  N.S.W. 


BY    J.  J.  FLETCHER.  13 

from  the  Tablelands,  and  Mr.  J.  D.  Cox  and  Mr.  A.  G.  Hamilton, 
who  know  the  Mudgee  District  well,  never  met  with  either  of 
them,  and  (3)  a  few  stragglers,  sometimes  from  the  east,  in  collec 
tions  from  the  Tablelands,  as  Limnodynastes  peronii  (one  specimen) 
in  the  collection  from  Guutawang,  close  to  the  western  slope  of 
the  Dividing  Range,  and  Ilyla  etvingii  var.  in  the  collections  from 
Yass  and  Lucknovv  ;  sometimes,  however,  apparently  from  the 
north,  as  Limnodynastes  ornatus  at  Guntawang,  Hyla  rubella  at 
Dandaloo  and  Bearbong,  and  perhaps  H.  latopalmata,  though  this 
may  be  a  widely  distributed  notthern  inland  species  at  about  its 
southern  limit.  In  any  case,  the  distribution  of  some  of  our 
species  cannot  be  satisfactorily  dealt  with  until  more  is  known  of 
the  distribution  of  Queensland  species. 

That  the  Dividing  Range  does  not  separate  two  move  widely 
divergent  faunas  than,  as  far  as  present  knowledge  goes,  have 
been  met  with,  is  not  surprising  when  the  faunas  of  the  east  and 
west  coasts  are  contrasted,  for  it  then  appears  that  of  fourteen 
species  recorded  in  the  B.M.  Catalogue  from  W.  Australia,  seven, 
or  50  per  cent.,  are  members  of  our  coastal  fauna,  and  eight 
(iiichiding  Helioporus  albo-punctatus,  recorded  from  the  Murray) 
of  our  inland  fauna.  And  it  may  be  said  generally  of  any  and 
every  colony,  that  its  batrachiau  fauna  consists  of  an  admixture 
of  more  or  less  cosmopolitan  forms  and  of  a  small  number  of  others 
characteristic  of  the  region.   

Hyla  ewingii,  Dum.  &  Bibr.,  was  described  in  the  Erpetologie 
Generale  (T.  viii.  p.  597,  published  in  1841),  the  habitat  being 
Tasmania;  the  description  adds,  "  les  parties  superieures  offrent 
un  gris  verdatre."  It  is  figured  in  Voy.  au  Pole  Sud,  Batrc. 
pi.  I.  fig.  3,  of  which  Dr.  Giinther  in  the  first  edition  of  the  B.M. 
Catalogue  of  Amphibia  says,  "figure  not  good."  The  localities 
given  in  the  second  edition  of  the  same  work  are  Tasmania, 
Hobart,  Melbourne,  and  Australia,  var.  A  {H.  calliscelis)  being 
recorded  from  King  George's  Sound.  Dr.  Giinther  (Ann.  Mag. 
Nat.  Hist.  (3),  XX.  (1867),  p.  57)  also  records  H.  ewingii  from 
N.  E.  Australia. 


14      GEOGRAPHICAL    DISTRIBUTION    OF    AUSTRALIAN    BATRACHIA, 

Mr.  Krefft  (P.Z.S.  1863,  p.  389)  includes  H.  ewingii  among  the 
Batrachians  occurring  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Sydney,  and  says  : 
"  This  pretty  little  Hyla  is  rather  a  rare  species,  and  I  do  not 
think  that  I  ever  found  more  than  six  or  eight  specimens  of  it 
gener-ally  under  stones  during  the  cold  season."  In  the  same 
paper  he  says  of  H.  verreauxii :  "  A  rather  rare  frog,  which  I 
have  occasionally  taken  from  under  the  bark  of  the  Tea-tree,  and 
from  under  rocks  in  moist  localities  ;  never  taken  during  the 
summer.  No  specimens  from  other  parts  of  Australia  have  as 
}'et  come  under  my  notice."  Tn  his  paper  on  "  Australian  "Verte- 
brata,  Recent  and  Fossil"  (Industr.  Prog.  N.S.W.  [1871],  p.  747), 
we  have  a  slightly  different  version  :  for  it  is  there  stated  of  E. 
ewingii  that  the  Sydney  "  Museum  is  in  possession  of  specimens 
from  almost  every  part  of  Australia,  the  west  coast  excepted," 
while  U.  verreauxii  is  said  to  be  "very  common  almost  everywhere 
on  the  eastern  border." 

One  of  our  commonest  frogs  in  the  County  of  Cumberland, 
equally  common  also  in  the  three  adjacent  counties,  though  I  have 
not  seen  it  from  any  inland  localities,  until  it  occurred  in  two  of 
Mr.  Froggatt's  collections  noted  above,  is  a  little  Hyla,  of  which 
Mr.  Boulenger  kindly  named  specimens  for  me  as  H.  ewingii  var. 
caUiscelis,  Peters.  It  is  the  little  frog  whose  shrill  twee,  twee,  twee, 
repeated  from  half-a-dozen  to  a  dozen  times  or  more,  may  be  heard 
in  damp  weather  even  during  the  winter  months,  as  I  have  pointed 
out  elsewhere.  From  its  common  occurrence  Mr  Krefft  was  no 
doubt  familiar  with  this  frog ;  but  as  Peters'  description  was 
published  only  in  1874,  Mr.  Krefft  could  not  have  i-ef erred  to  it 
under  this  name  in  the  papers  quoted  above. 

E.  de7itata.  Kef  erst.,  is  a  Sydney  frog,  and  was  described  in 
Ai'chiv  fiir  Naturge.sch.,  for  1868,  but  it  is  not  mentioned  in  the 
latest  of  Mr.  Krefft's  pa[)ers  published  in  1871.  It  seems  to  me 
therefore  very  probable  that  when  Mr.  Krefft  referred  to  E. 
ewingii  and  E.  verreauxii  as  species  occurring  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Sydney  and  elsewhere  on  the  east  coast,  he  meant  to 
denote  the  two  frogs  now  known  as  E.  evnngii  var.  caUiscelis, 
Peters,  and  E.  dentata,  Keferst. 


BY    J.  J    FLETCHER.  15 

To  Mr.  W.  W.  Froggatt  I  am  vpry  much  indebted  for  thirty-one 
specimens  of  the  typical  form  of  H.  etvingii  from  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Ballarat,  Victoria.  I  do  not  know  this  frog  from  any 
locality  in  N.S.W.,  though  I  have  one  specimen  of  a  Hyla  obtained 
by  me  under  the  bark  of  a  tree  in  a  gully  on  the  Blue  Mts.,  which 
I  am  inclined  to  refer  to  this  species :  it  is  larger  (52  mm.  from 
snout  to  vent)  than  any  specimen  of  H.  kreffti  or  II.  etvingii  I 
have  seen,  it  has  the  fingers  insufficiently  webbed  to  be  referred 
to  the  former,  and  is  toq  long  in  the  legs,  the  tibio-tarsal  joint  of 
the  adpressed  limb  reaching  beyond  the  level  of  the  tip  of  the 
snout,  to  quite  satisfactorily  be  placed  in  IT.  ewinyii,  with  which 
otherwise  it  has  most  in  common ;  if  it  may  correctly  be  regarded 
as  a  very  large  and  unusually  long-legged  individual  of  the  typical 
form  of  H.  ewingii,  then  it  is  the  only  specimen  from  N.S.W. 
known  to  me  ;  while  if  it  should  not  strictly  be  referable  to  this 
species,  then,  as  far  as  my  experience  goes,  H.  etvingii  is  repre- 
sented in  N.S.W.  only  by  var,  calliscelis. 

H.  etvingii  var.  calliscelis  from  King  George's  Sound  differs  from 
the  typical  form  "  in  having  the  hinder  side  of  thighs  with  large 
pui'plish -black  spots  on  yellowish  ground  ;  a  purplish-black  spot 
in  the  groin  "  (B.M.  Cat.  2nd  ed.  p.  407).  In  specimens  from  the 
County  of  Cumberland  and  from  the  three  adjoining  counties,  the 
presence  of  spots  seems  quite  constant  either  in  the  groin  or  on 
the  flanks,  frequently  they  are  absent  on  the  hinder  surface  of  the 
thighs  :  the  concealed  surfaces  of  the  legs  in  living  specimens  and 
in  such  as  have  not  been  long  in  spirits,  are  of  a  bright  orange ; 
while  the  dark  inguinal  spots  in  the  living  animal  appear  on  a 
background  tinged  with  light  yellow.  Some  of  Mr.  Froggatt's 
specimens  from  Lucknow  are  much  more  spotted  and  blotched 
even  than  Sydney  examples,  in  six  of  them  "the  large  well-defined 
dark  spot  commencing  between  the  eyes  and  covering  the  middle 
of  the  back  "  of  the  descriptions  being  not  merely  a  darker  shade 
of  the  groundcolour  "speckled  all  over  with  blackish,"  but  partially 
edged  or  to  some  extent  invaded  by  a  dark  tint  like  that  of  the 
ordinary  inguinal  spot* :  none  of  them  have  spots  on  the  hinder 
surface  of  the  thighs,  and  some  of  them  are  not  more  blotched 
than  Sydney  specimens. 


16      GEOGRAPHICAL    DISTRIBUTION    OP    AUSTRALIAN    BATRACHIA, 

The  beautiful  little  Hyla  brought  me  alive  from  Ballarat  by 
Mr.  Froggatt,  referred  to  in  my  last  paper  (p.  254),  has  puzzled  me 
not  a  little :  with  the  general  characters  of  H.  ewingii,  it  presented 
when  alive  a  broad  bright  green  dorsal  band  edged  by  a  dark 
narrow  band,  and  with  also  a  lateral  linear  dark  band,  in  which 
respects  it  differs  from  the  thirty-one  (spirit)  specimens  of  ff. 
ewingii  from  the  same  locality ;  and  makes  some  approach  to  the 
specimens  from  Lucknow,  collected  and  given  to  me  also  by  Mr. 
Froggatt,  who  likewise  brought  me  one  of  these  specimens  alive ; 
(this  specimen,  like  every  other  specimen  of  H.  ewingii  var.  callis- 
celis  which  I  have  ever  seen,  was  entirely  devoid  of  any  green 
tint).  I  do  not  know  how  to  speak  of  it  except  as  another  variety 
of  H.  ewingii  (var.  C). 

Limnodynastes  tasmaniensis,  Gthr.,  is  a  widely  distributed  and 
variable  eastern  species  rein-esented  in  my  collections,  exclusive  of 
Sydney  specimen.s,  by  about  120  specimens,  from  fourteen  inland 
and  several  coastal  stations.  In  the  original  description  (B.M. 
Cat.  1st  ed.  p.  33)  the  toes  are  said  to  be  "slightly  webbed  at 
the  base,  slightly  fringed";  in  the  second  edition  of  the  B.M. 
Catalogue,  Mr.  Boulenger  says,  "toes  moderate,  slightly  fringed." 
The  typical  form  may  be  described  as  having  usually  no  crimson 
or  reddish  spots  on  the  upper  eyelids,  though  in  young  specimens 
these  may  occasionally  be  present  and  more  frequently  a  vertebral 
red  stripe  ;  three  metacarpal  tubercles,  two  metatarsal  tubercles, 
tarso-metatarsal  joint  of  adpressed  limb  reaching  the  eye,  or 
between  the  eye  and  the  nostril ;  fingers  and  toes  not  pointed, 
toes  slightly  fringed,  slightly  webbed  at  the  base  (the  basal 
webl)ing  appears  to  me  merely  the  continuity  of  the  fringe  of 
two  contiguous  toes,  and  when  the  fringe  is  very  slight  the 
webbing  is  correspondingly  slight,  and  the  toes  may  be  said  to 
be  almost  free)  ;  throat  of  male  dusky,  tinged  with  yellow, 
concealed  surfaces  of  both  sexes  tinged  with  yellow,  especially 
in  the  breeding  season,  in  some  of  my  collections,  as  from 
Wentworth,  Urana  (togetlier  with  the  typical  form),  Mudgee 
(together  with  the  typical  form,  and  L.  Jletcheri),  and  Waroo, 


BY    J.  J.   FLETCHER.  17 

however,  there  are  specimens  of  what  I  can  regard  as  only  a 
well-marked  variety  of  this  species,  with  or  without  recognisable 
crimson  or  reddish  spots  on  the  upper  eyelids,  a  little  longer  in 
the  legs  (the  tarso-metatarsal  joint  of  the  adpressed  limb  reaching 
the  level  of  the  tip  of  the  snout,  or  not  quite  so  far,  or  even 
further),  with  two  or  with  three  metacarpal  tubercles,  with  two 
or  with  one  metatarsal  tubercle  (the  outer  one  being  either  absent 
or  at  least  not  distinguishable),  with  very  often  a  very  distinct 
basal  webbing  of  the  toes,  and  without  pointed  fingers  and  toes. 
In  other  words,  but  that  the  head  is  not  much  depressed  and  the 
snout  not  shorter  than  usual,  some  of  these  specimens  might  be 
referred  to  L.  platycephalus  ;  while  if  the  fingers  and  toes  were 
but  pointed,  some  of  them  might  very  well  be  referred  to  L. 
Jletcheri.  Of  four  specimens  from  Wentworth  three  have  crimson 
spots,  all  have  a  distinct  basal  webbing,  but  in  two  of  them  the 
tai'so-metatarsal  joint  of  the  adpressed  limb  does  not  reach  beyond 
the  level  of  the  nostiil ;  they  have  three  metacarpal  tubercles,  but 
in  none  of  them  is  there  a  recognisable  outer  metatarsal  tubercle. 
From  Tirana  Mr.  Sloane,  whom  I  had  asked  to  look  out  for 
specimens  with  crimson  palpebral  spots,  kindly  sent  me  two 
specimens  alive,  of  which  he  wrote,  "  I  send  you  a  couple  of 
remarkably  robust  specimens  of  L.  tasnianiensis ;  I  have  seen 
several  specimens  with  i^eddish  markings  on  the  upper  eyelids, 
but  the  two  sent  do  not  show  it  so  strongly  marked " ;  one  of 
these,  60  mm.  from  snout  to  vent,  is  the  largest  specimen  of  the 
species  I  have  seen ;  they  agree  substantially  with  the  specimens 
from  Wentworth,  but  are  both  a  little  duskier  on  the  throat  and 
sides  of  chest ;  and  more  spotted  on  the  undersurface  of  the  calf 
and  foot.  Of  eighteen  specimens  from  Waroo,  some  have  crimson 
palpebral  spots,  some  have  two  metatarsal  tubercles,  while  others 
appear  to  have  but  one,  and  some  appear  to  have  but  two  meta- 
carpal tubercles,  some  of  them  are  much  spotted  on  the  throat, 
sides  of  chest  and  even  of  the  abdomen,  and  on  the  undersurface 
of  legs  ;  one  specimen  is  of  quite  the  typical  form.  From  Gunta- 
wang,  with  specimens  of  the  typical  form,  together  with  specimens 
of  what  might  be  called  L.  Jletcheri  if  the  fingers  and  toes  were 


18      GEOGRAPHICAL    DISTRIBUTION    OP    AUSTRALIAN    BATRACHIA, 

pointed,  I  have  two  specimens  of  the  same  batch  as  the  two 
type  specimens  of  the  latter  sent  to  Mr.  Boulenger ;  these  have 
the  fingers  and  toes  pointed  as  Mr.  Boulenger  describes,  but  I 
cannot  help  thinking  that  there  is  something  abnormal  about 
them — possibly  they  may,  when  collected,  have  been  put  into  too 
strong  spirit, — and  that  they  are  of  the  same  species  as  the  speci- 
mens without  pointed  fingers  and  toes,  and  that  both  are  simply 
a  variety  of  L.  tasmaniensis. 

Mixophyes  fasciolatus,  Gthr.,  the  type  speciuiens  of  which 
came  from  the  Clarence  River  (two  specimens  appearing  to  be  in 
the  Collection  at  the  time  the  second  edition  of  the  Catalogue  was 
published),  is  said  to  have  the  tibio-tarsal  articulation  reaching  to 
the  tip  of  the  snout,  and  the  "  toes  two-thirds  webbed,  so  that  the 
three  outer  phalanges  of  the  fourth  toe  remain  free."  I  have 
before  me  a  fine  series  of  seven  large  specimens,  of  which  five 
were  obtained  for  me  by  Mr.  Helms  on  the  Richmond  Rivei',  and 
two  others  subsequently  a  little  further  to  the  north  on  the  Tweed : 
in  all  these  the  tibio-tarsal  articulation  of  the  ad  pressed  limb 
reaches  well  beyond  the  level  of  the  snout  (say  from  ;j  to  1  inch), 
while  as  to  the  webbing,  several  may  be  said  to  agree  with  the 
description,  others  have  a  little  more  webbing,  it  is  thicker,  and 
intensely  pigmented,  the  maximum  being  reached  in  a  very  tine 
specimen  from  the  Tweed  :  the  difference  in  size  between  the 
type,  of  which  measurements  are  given  by  Dr.  GUnther,  and  this 
specimen  is  very  well  indicated  by  the  following :  in  Dr.  Giinther's 
specimen  length  of  body  (from  snout  to  vent)  33  lines,  length  of 
hind  limb  54  lines :  in  my  specimen  the  corresponding  measure- 
ments are  3^  inches,  and  8  inches  (to  the  tip  of  the 
fourth  toe  along  the  straightened  leg)  :  now  in  this  specimen 
every  toe,  even  the  fourth,  is  webbed  to  almost  the  very  tip  on  at 
least  one  side  (of  the  toe),  but  the  toes  cannot  be  said  to  be  fully 
webbed,  because  toes  2-4  are  not  equally  webbed  on  both  sides 
(of  the  toe).  There  is  in  the  Macleay  Museum  from  the  Richmond 
River  a  still  larger  and  finer  example  than  mine, — the  largest 
Australian  frog  I  have  yet  seen — which  is  more  or  less  similar 


BY    J.  J.  FLETCHER,  19 

in  regard  to  the  more  than  usually  copious  webbing ;  it  is  not 
accessible  at  present,  and  I  cannot  give  further  particulars  about  it, 
but  it  is  the  frog  exhibited  by  Mr.  Masters  at  the  meeting  of  this 
Society  in  March,  1886  [Proceedings  (2),  I.  p,  238].  Specimens  of 
this  species  from  the  Blue  Mts.  are  normally  webbed,  but  are  longer 
in  the  legs  than  the  type,  like  my  northern  river  specimens. 

In  endeavouring  to  find  a  place  in  our  systematic  lists  for  such 
specimens  as  the  above,  one  has  choice  of  two  alternatives  ;  either 
to  consider  that  they  are  representatives  of  new  species  and  to  deal 
with  them  accordingly,  or,  as  I  think  the  more  desirable  course, 
to  treat  them  as  varietal  forms,  and  to  note  them  as  such.  With 
the  advantages  which  residence  in  the  country  naturally  gives  in 
the  way  of  acquiring  some  knowledge  of  certain  species  in  their 
natural  haunts,  and  of  obtaining  with  greater  facility  perhaps 
larger  series  of  specimens  of  other  species  than  naturalists  abroad 
can  very  often  have  at  their  disposal,  it  has  ceased  to  cause  me 
surprise  that  I  sometimes  meet  with  individuals  whose  characters 
refuse  to  come  perfectly  and  exactly  into  the  line  as  laid  down  in 
the  text-books ;  or  that  characters  which  seem  to  be  of  more  or 
less  considerable  specific  importance  when  only  a  few  specimens 
have  been  available,  should  sometimes  turn  out  to  be  variable 
when  larger  series  of  specimens  are  examined. 


A  MONOGRAPH    OF   THE  TEMFOCEPHALE.E.     Part  i. 
Bt  Professor  W.  A.  Haswell,  M.A.,  D.Sc. 


[This  paper  will  be  published  in  the  forthcoming  Macleay  Memorial 
Volume.  1 


20 


NOTES    AND    EXHIBITS. 


Dr.  Cox  exhibited  a  specimen  of  Purpura  textilosa,  a  common 
marine  shell  on  the  South  Australian  coast,  brought  to  him  from 
Brewarrina  on  the  Darling  ;  and  he  said  that  at  first  he  was 
extremely  puzzled  to  account  for  the  means  of  transport  to  such  a 
distance  from  the  coast.  The  true  explanation  of  the  matter 
probably  was  to  be  found  in  the  fact  that  as,  instead  of  carrying 
lime  so  great  a  distance — Brewarrina  being  fully  1000  miles  by 
river  from  the  sea — it  was  usual  to  take  up  shells  from  the 
coast  by  the  river  steamers  and  burn  them  where  required,  the 
specimen  exhibited  had  formed  part  of  such  an  importation. 

Mr.  Palmer  exhibited  a  snake  {Eoplocephalus  nigrescens,  Gthr.) 
and  a  lizard  (Tiliqua  gigas,  Sch.)  caught  yesterday  on  the  Blue 
Mountains,  as  they  came  to  drink  at  a  little  runnel  of  water  very 
shortly  after  it  had  been  caused  to  flow  from  a  pool  higher  up  by 
one  of  his  companions,  the  weather  being  very  hot  and  dry  until 
the  heavy  rain  accompanying  the  heavy  thunderstorm  later  on  in 
the  afternoon. 

Eev.  J.  M.  Curran  exhibited  some  excellent  lithographs  of 
rock-sections  which  had  just  been  executed  in  Sydney  under  his 
supervision. 

In  reply  to  an  enquiry  on  the  part  of  Mr.  A.  Sidney  Olliff  as 
to  the  exact  habitat  of  the  splendid  Lucanid  beetle,  Phalacrog- 
nathus  Muelleri,  described  by  Sir  William  Macleay  in  1885 
(P.L.S.N.S.W.,  Vol.  X.,  pp.  135  and  474)  from  two  specimens 
about  which  the  only  information  then  available  was  that  they 
came  from  North  Australia,  Mr.  F.  A.  Skuse  said  that  specimens 
had  recently  been  received  by  the  Australian  Museum  from 
Russell  Scrub,  Boar  Pocket,  near  Cairns,  Queensland. 


21 


WEDNESDAY,  24th  FEBRUARY,  1892 


Dr.  J.  C.  Cox,  F.L.S.,  Vice-President,  in  the  Chair. 


Mr.  L,  Osborn  Beal,  Dunedin,  N.Z.,  was  introduced  as  a  visitor. 


Professor  J.  T.  Wilson,  M.B.,  Ch.M.,  Sydney  University,  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Society. 


DONATIONS. 

"The  Perak  Government  Gazette."     Vol.  v.,  No.  1  (January, 
1892).      From  the  Government  Secretary. 

"The  Australasian  Journal  of  Pharmacy."     Vol.  vii.,  Nos.  73 
and  74  (January  and  February,  1892).     From  the  Editor. 

"  The  Pharmaceutical  Journal  of  Australasia."     Vol.  v.,  No.  1 
(January,  1892).     From  the  Editor. 

"  Zoologischer  Anzeiger."    xiv.  Jahrg.,  Nos.  380-381  (December, 
1891,  January,  1892).     From  the  Editor. 

■    "  Catalogue  of  Books  added  to  the  Radcliffe  Library,  Oxford 
Museum,  during  the  year  1890."     From  the  Trustees. 

"Journal  of  the  Royal  Microscopical  Society,  1891."     Part  6 
(December),  No.  85.     From  the  Society. 


22  DONATIONS. 

"Archiv  fur  Naturgeschichte."  Iv.  Jahrg.  (1889),  ii.  Band, 
1  Heft.  (1891) ;  Ivii.  Jahrg.  (1891),  i.  Band,  3  Heft.  From  the 
Editor. 

"Journal  of  the  Linnean  Society  of  London— Botany."  No. 
175  (Voh  xxvi.),  Nos.  183-188  (Vol.  xxvii.),  and  Nos.  189-193 
(Vol.  xxviii.);  "Zoology."  Nos.  124-125  (Vol.  xx.)  and  Nos. 
145-147  (Vol.  xxiii.) ;  «  List  of  the  Society,  1890-91."  From  the 
Society. 

"  Agricultural  Gazette  of  N.S.W."  Vol.  ii.,  Part  12  (December, 
1891).      From  the  Director  of  Agriculture. 

"Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh — Proceedings."  Vol.  xvii. 
(1889-90);  "Transactions."  Vol.  xxxiv.  (1890);  Vol.  xxxvi., 
Part  1,  Nos.  1-8  (1889-90).     From  the  Society. 

"Geological  and  Natural  History  Survey  of  Canada — Contribu- 
tions to  Micro-Palaeontology."     Part  3.     From  the  Director. 

"United  States  National  Museum — Proceedings."  Vol.  xiv., 
Nos.  859-860  (1891),     From  the  Museum. 

"  Bulletin  of  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Harvard 
College."  Vol.  xxii.,  No.  1  (December,  1891) ;  "Annual  Report, 
1890-91."     From  the  Curator. 

"American  Naturalist."  Vol.  xxv.,  Nos.  298-299  (October 
and  November,  1891).     From  the  Editor. 

"Johns  Hopkins  University  Circulars."  Vol.  xi..  No.  94 
(December,  1891).     From  the  University. 

"Journal  of  Comparative  Medicine  and  Veterinary  Archives." 
Vol.  xii..  No.  12  (December,  1891).     From  the  Editor. 

"Canadian  Record  of  Science."  Vol.  iv.,  No.  8  (1891).  From- 
the  Society. 

"Department  of  Agriculture,  Brisbane — Bulletin."  No.  14 
(December,  1891).     From  the  Secretary  for  Agricidture. 


DONATIONS. 

"Transactions  of  the  Canadian  Institute."  Vol.  ii.,  Part  1, 
No.  3  (October,  1891).     From  the  Institute. 

"  Australasian  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science  — 
Address  by  the  President  of  Section  A."  (Hobart,  1892.)  From 
the  Association. 

"  Supplementary  Appendix  to  Travels  amongst  the  Great  Andes 
of  the  Equator."  By  Edward  Whymper  ;  "  Coleoptera."  By  A. 
Sidney  Olliff.     From  the  Author. 

"  Memoirs  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  N.S.W. — Palaeontology." 
No.  viii.,  Part  2.  "Contributions  to  a  Catalogue  of  Works,  &c., 
of  the  Australian  and  Tasmanian  Aborigines."  By  R.  Etheridge, 
Junr.     From  the  Hon.  the  Minister  for  Mines. 

"Journal  of  Conchology."  Vol.  vi.,  No.  12  (October,  1891). 
From  the  Conchological  Society  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 

"  Transactions  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  London  for  the 
year  1891."     Part  4  (December).     From  the  Society. 

"  Societe  Botanique  de  Lyon — Bulletin  Trimestriel."  No.  1, 
Janvier-Mars,  1891.     From  the  Society. 

"  Academie  Roy  ale  Danoise  des  Science  et  des  Lettres,  Copen- 
hague— Bulletin  pour  1891."  No.  2  (Mars-Mai).  From  the 
Society. 

"  Verhandlungen  des  Naturhistorischen  Vereines  der  preussis- 
chen  Rheinlande  Westfalens  und  des  Reg.-Bezirks  Osnabriick." 
xlvii.  Jahrg.,  Zweite  Halfte.     From  the  Society. 

"Societe  Zoologique  de  France — Bulletin  pour  I'Annee  1891." 
Tome  xvi.,  No.  8  ;  "  Memoires."  Tome  iv.,  Nos.  3  et  4.  From 
the  Society. 

"  Zoological  Society  of  London — Abstract."  January  5,  1892. 
From  the  Society. 

"Queensland— Report  on  the  Moondilla  Gold  Field,  1891." 
By  R.  L.  Jack,  Government  Geologist.     From  the  Author. 


24  DONATIONS. 

"  Records  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  India."  Vol.  xxiv., 
Part  4(1891).     From  the  Society. 

"  Bericht  iiber  die  Verwaltung  und  Veimehrung  der  koniglichen 
Sammlungen  fiir  Kunst  und  Wissenschaft  zu  Dresden  in  den 
Jahren  1888  und  1889."     From  Professor  A.  B.  Meyer. 

"  Technical  Education  Series,  No.  8 — Report  on  a  Beetle 
destroying  boots  and  shoes  in  Sydney."  By  W.  W.  Froggatt. 
From  the  Curator.,  Technological  Museum,  Sydney. 


25 


PAPERS  READ. 


NOTES  ON  SOME  SPECIMENS  OF  PLANTS  COLLECTED 
AT  KINO  GEORGE'S  SOUND  BY  Mr.  H.  WILLIS. 

By  The  Rev.  W.  Woolls.  Ph.D.,  F.L.S. 

Some  time  since  I  forwarded  to  the  Linnean  Society,  with 
Notes,  38  specimens  of  plants  collected  at  King  George's  Sound 
by  the  Rev.  R.  Collie,  F.L.S.,  and  in  so  doing  I  endeavoured  to 
explain,  by  the  assistance  of  my  late  friend  Mr.  C.  S.  Wilkinson, 
F.G.S.,  the  probable  reason  why  the  flora  of  Western  Australia 
ditFers  so  much  from  that  of  the  eastern  portion  of  the  continent. 
That  eminent  geologist  was  of  opinion  that,  during  the  Miocene 
period,  the  condition  of  Australia  was  very  different  from  what  it 
now  is,  as  probably  the  ocean  occupied  all  that  low  country 
between  Spencer's  Gulf  and  Western  Australia  ;  whilst  during  the 
Cretacean  period  about  two-thirds  of  Australia  must  have  been 
under  the  ocean.  Supposing,  therefore,  that  Eastern  and  Western 
Australia  at  some  very  remote  period  were  separated  by  water, 
and  that,  in  the  course  of  many  generations,  the  conditions  of  soil 
and  climate  have  been  considerably  modified  in  both  regions,  it 
may  be  presumed  that  the  western  or  purely  Australian  plants 
became  very  much  localised,  whilst  the  eastern  flora,  in  addition 
to  the  few  species  which  have  immigrated  to  it  from  the 
west,  has  been  mixed  with  plants  of  an  Asiatic  or  Polynesian 
type.  An  examination  of  35  species,  which  have  recently  been 
collected  at  King  George's  Sound,  will  show  how  few  have 
travelled  eastwards  : — 

(1)  DlLLENIACE^. 

1.  Rihbertia  fxirjuracea,  Benth. 

(2)  POLYGALE^. 

2.  Comesperma  confertimi,  Labill. 


26     SPECIMENS  OF  PLANTS  COLLECTED  AT  KING  GEOPtGE's  SOUND, 

(3)  TREMANDREyE. 

3.  Tetratheca  setigera,  Lindl. 

(4)  RUTACE^. 

4.  Boronia  crenulata,  Sm. 

5.  B.  heterophylla,  F.v.M. 

(5)  Gbraniace^. 

6.  Pelargonium  Rodneyanum,  Lindl. 

(6)  Sterculiace^. 

7.  Thomasia  quercifolia,  J.  Gay. 

(7)  Thymele^. 

8.  Pimelea  rosea,  R.Br. 

9.  P.  imbricata,  R.Br. 

(8)  Leguminos^. 

10.  Isotropis  striata,  Benth. 

11.  Oxylobium  callistachys,  Benth. 

12.  Chorizema  angustifolium,  Benth. 

13.  Burtonia  scabra,  R.Br. 

14.  Daviesia  Jiexuosa,  Benth. 

15.  Eutaxia  myrtifolia,  R.Br. 

16.  E.  virgata,  Benth. 

17.  Vicia  angustifolia,  Roth,  (introduced). 

18.  Acacia  hastulata,  Sm. 

(9)  Myrtace^. 

19.  Melaleuca  thymoides,  Labill. 

20.  Agonis  linearifolia,  Schau. 

(10)  UMBELLIFER.E. 

21.  Xanthosia  rotundifolia,  DC. 


BY    THE    REV.  W.  WOOLLS. 


27 


(11)  Proteace^. 

22.  Adenanthos  obovata,  Labill. 

23.  A.  harhigera,  Lindl. 

i\2)  Composite. 

24.  HelijJterum  Manglesii,  F.v.M. 

25.  Helichrysum  bracteatum,  Willd. 

(13)  GOODENIACE^. 

26.  Dampiera  alata,  Lindl. 

27.  D.  leptoclada,  Benth. 

(14)  SOLANACE^. 

28.  Anthocercis  viscosa,  R.Br. 

(15)  Epacride^, 

29.  Andersonia  sprengelioides,  R.Br. 

30.  Astroloma  compactum,  R.Br. 

31.  Lysinema Jiiyibr latum,  F.v.M. 

32.  LeuGopogon  carinatus,  R.Br. 

33.  Dracophyllum  capitaturn,  R.Br. 

(16)  H^modorace^. 

34.  Conostylis  setigera,  R.Br. 

(17)  JUNCACEiE. 

35.  Xerotes  micrayitha,  Endl. 


(1)  The  genus  Hibbertia,  according  to  Baron  Mueller's  census, 
contains  87  species,  and  of  these  one  half  are  purely  western 
plants,  and  have  never  emigrated  from  that  Colony.  Only  one, 
H.  stricta,  R.Br.,  is  common  to  the  Australian  Colonies  and 
Tasmania.  H.  furfuracea,  Benth.,  or  Pleurandra  furfuracea, 
R.Br.,  is  strictly  a  western  species,  and  not  nearly  allied  to  any 
of  the  eastern  species.  Though  the  flowers  resemble  those  of  H. 
diffusa,  R.Br.,  the  two  plants  are  very  distinct  in  habit,  the  one 


28     SPECIMENS  OF  PLANTS  COLLECTED  AT  KING  GEORGe's  SOUND, 

being  an  erect  shrub  of  several  feet  in  height,  and  the  other  being 
a  small  prostrate  plant,  whilst  the  position  of  the  stamens  and  the 
number  of  the  carpels  differ  matex'ially. 

(2)  Gomesperma  conferturn,  Labill.,  is  peculiar  to  W.  Australia, 
though  in  appearance  it  resembles  G.  ericinum,  DC,  which  is 
common  to  the  eastern  Colonies  and  Tasmania,  and  has  the  keel- 
petal  horned  and  the  sepals  not  obtuse.  Of  the  24  species  of  the 
genus  16  occur  in  W.  Australia,  II  being  peculiar  to  that  Colony, 
and  the  other  5  extending  to  S.  Australia,  Victoria,  N.  S.  Wales, 
Queensland  and  Tasmania.  C.  scoparium,  Steetz,  G.  voluhile, 
Labill.,  and  G.  calymega,  Labill.,  are  the  only  species  which  have 
travelled  from  the  west  to  N.  S.  Wales. 

(3)  Tetratheca  setigera,  Endl.,  belongs  to  a  genus  almost  exclu- 
sively W.  Australian,  only  two  species,  T.  ericifolia,  Sui.,  and 
T.  juncea,  Sm.,  being  known  in  E.  Australia,  and  these  so  different 
in  character  from  the  majority  of  the  species  as  to  suggest  a  long 
series  of  ages  for  their  differentiation,  that  is  to  say,  presuming 
that  the  genus  which  is  strictly  Australian  had  its  origin  in  the 
western  part  of  the  continent.  Of  the  small  order  Tremandrese, 
the  genera  Platyiheca  and  Tremandra  are  unknown  in  the  east, 
as  well  as  any  species  of  Tetratheca  which  have  the  ovules 
solitary  in  each  cell,  and  seeds  glabrous  and  shining. 

(4)  Of  the  genus  Boronia,  which  is  known  to  have  about  60 
species  in  Australia  (Census,  F.v.M.),  more  than  half  (33)  are 
limited  to  the  west.  B.  serrulata,  Sm.,  is  peculiar  to  N.  S.  Wales, 
but  it  is  nearly  allied  to  B.  crenulata,  Sm.,  differing  chiefly  in  its 
larger  and  more  numerous  flowers,  the  structure  of  its  style,  and 
the  hairiness  of  its  filaments.  B.  heterophylla,  F.v.M.,  belongs  to 
a  section  of  the  genus  exclusively  w^estern,  and  is  characterised 
by  having  the  sepaline  anthers  different  from  the  petaline  ones. 
The  well  known  B.  meffastigina,  Nees,  is  of  the  same  section. 
Whilst  the  species  of  Boronia  are  almost  equally  divided  between 
the  west  and  east,  N.  S.  Wales  has  a  much  larger  share  of  the 
species  of  Eriostemon  and  Phebalium,  and  it  is  remarkable  that 
only  one  species,  £.  difformis,  Cunn.,  is  common  to  the  Australian 


BY   THE   REV.  W.  WOOLLS.  29 

colonies.  Some  genera  of  the  Rutacese  are  endemic  in  the  east, 
and  others  are  common  to  that  part  of  Australia,  tropical  Asia, 
and  the  isles  of  the  Pacific. 

(5)  Pelargonium  Rodneyanum,  Lindl.,  is  not  peculiar  to  W. 
Australia,  as  it  occurs  in  Victoria,  N".  S.  Wales,  and  S.  Australia. 
In  Mitchell's  Expeditions,  vol.  ii.  p.  144,  it  is  stated  that  near  the 
Murray  he  discovered  "  a  beautiful  new  species  of  the  Cape  Pelar- 
gonium, which  would  be  an  acquisition  to  our  gardens."  This  be 
named  "/*.  Rodneyanum  in  honour  of  Mrs.  Riddell,  of  Sydney, 
granddaughter  of  the  famous  Rodney."  Baron  Mueller  has 
figured  this  species  amongst  his  Victorian  plants.  Perhaps  it  may 
be  regarded  as  one  of  those  plants  which  had  their  origin  in  Africa 
(a  region  famous  for  its  Pelargoniums),  as  Mr.  Bentham  considered 
it  nearly  allied  to  P.  reniforme,  Curt.,  from  the  southern  part  of 
that  continent. 

(6)  Thomasia  quercifolia,  J.  Gay,  with  19  species  of  the  genus 
is  of  western  origin,  and  only  one  species,  T.  petalocalyx,  F.v.M., 
and  that  nearly  approaching  T.  angustifolia,  Steud.,  has  travelled 
to  S.  Australia  and  Victoria.  Of  the  Sterculiacese,  numbering 
126  species,  more  than  half  {^Q)  are  endemic  in  W.  Australia 
(Census,  F.v.M.),  but  the  following  genera  are  not  represented  in 
that  region,  viz :  Sterculia,  Tarrietia,  Heritiera,  Ungeria,  Helicteres, 
Methorium,  Melhania,  Melochia,  Dicaiyidium  and  Abroma. 

7)  Pimelea  rosea,  R.Br.,  and  P.  imbricata,  R.Br.,  with  21 
other  species  of  the  genus,  are  limited  to  W.  Australia.  According 
to  Mr.  Bentham,  Pimelea  occurs  only  in  Australasia;  one  species, 
P.  longifolia,  Banks  and  Sol.,  being  common  to  Australia  and 
New  Zealand,  and  9  others  peculiar  to  the  latter.  Draj)etes, 
Wickstroemia  and  Phaleria  do  not  occur  in  W.  Australia  ;  but 
Prapetes  is  represented  in  Tasmania  and  Victoria  as  well  as  in 
New  Zealand,  whilst  the  others  have  species  in  the  Oriental 
Archipelago,  the  isles  of  the  Pacific  and  E.  Australia. 

(8)  Of  the  great  order  Leguminos*  comprising  1065  species 
(Census,  F.v.M.)  more  than  a  third  are  endemic  in  W.  Australia, 


30  SPECIMENS  OF  PLANTS  COLLECTED  AT  KING  GEORGE's  SOUND, 

and  the  following  genera  do  not  extend  to  any  of  the  other 
colonies,  viz :  Jansonia,  Latrobea,  Euchilopsis  and  Labichea. 

(a)  Isotrojns  striata,  Benth.  This  species  and  4  others  are 
limited  to  W.  Australia.  Only  one  extends  to  S.  Aus- 
tralia and  N.  S.  Wales. 

(6)  Oxylobium  callistachys,  Benth.,  formerly  Callistachys  lanceo- 
lata,  Vent.,  is  an  ornamental  plant,  and  differs  in  appear- 
ance from  the  species  generally.  Of  the  genus,  17  are 
peculiar  to  W.  Australia,  and  7  occur  in  N.  S.  Wales. 

(c)  Clwrizema  angusti/oUum,  Benth.,  with  13  species  of  the 
genus,  is  limited  to  W.  Australia.  0.  parviflorum,  Benth., 
is  the  only  one  which  extends  to  the  east. 

{d)  Burtonia  scahra,  R.Br.,  belongs  to  a  genus  principally 
western. 

(e)  Daviesia  Jlexuosa,  Benth.,  is  one  of  a  large  genus,  41  species 
of  which  are  limited  to  the  west,  and  13  occur  in  N.  S. 
Wales. 

(/)  Eutaxia  myrtifolia,  R.Br.,  and  E.  virgata,  Benth.,  are 
western  species.  E.  em'petrifolia,  Schl.,  is  common  to 
W.  and  S.  Australia,  Victoria,  and  IST.  S.  Wales. 

{g)    Vicia  ahgustifolia,  Roth.,  is  an  introduced  plant. 

{h)  Acacia  hastulata,  Sm.,  is  a  small  shrub  known  only  from 
King  George's  Sound. 

(9)  Melaleuca  thymoides,  Labill.  The  genus  Melaleuca  has  in 
a'll  Australia  101  species,  about  70  of  which  ax'e  westei'n  and  18 
occur  in  N.  S.  Wales.  Agonis  linearifolia,  Schau.,  resembles  a 
Leiytospermum.  When  the  Flora  Australiensis  was  published, 
Agonis  was  regarded  as  peculiarly  western  ;  but  Mr.  P.  M.  Bailey 
discovered  one  in  Queensland  (1888)  A.  lysicephala,¥.v.'M. ;  and 
A.  Scortechiniana  is  found  to  be  common  to  N.  S.  Wales  and 
Queensland  (1881). 

(10)  Xanthosia  rotundifolia,  DC,  differs  very  much  from  the 
species  near  Sydney,  as  it  is  nearly  glabrous.  The  genus  is  con- 
fined to  Australia,  13  being  western  and  5  eastern  species. 
Three  extend  to  Tasmania. 


BY    THE    REV.  W.  WOOLLS.  31 

(11)  Aclenanthos  obovata,  LabilL,  and  A.  barbigera,  Lindl.,  are 
Proteaceous  shrubs.  With  two  exceptions  the  species  (14)  are 
limited  to  W.  Australia.  The  genus  is  remarkable  for  its  peculiar 
style,  and  is  not  closely  allied  to  any  other. 

(12)  Helichrysum  bracteatum,  Willd.,  is  a  composite  found  in 
all  the  Australian  colonies,  and  with  Helipterum  Manglesii, 
F.v.M.  {Rhodanthe  Manglesii,  Lindl.),  is  often  seen  in  gardens. 

(13)  Dam.piera  alata,  Lindl.,  and  D.  leptoclada,  Benth.,  belong 
to  a  genus  comprising  38  species,  of  which  27  are  limited  to  W. 
Australia.     Only  seven  occur  in  N.  S.  Wales  and  one  in  Tasmania. 

(14)  Anthocercis  viscosa,  E.Br.,  with  eight  other  species,  is 
limited  to  W.  Australia,  and  has  the  reputation  of  being  poisonous. 
Four  species  are  found  in  N.  S.  Wales  and  one  in  Tasmania.  The 
genus  Anthocercis  is  nearly  allied  to  Duboisia,  of  which  D.  Hop- 
woodii,  F.v.M. ,  is  the  famous  "  Pitury"  of  the  blacks.  According 
to  Mr.  F.  M.  Bailey,  F.L.S.,  they  chew  the  leaves  of  it  as  white 
men  do  tobacco. 

(15)  (a)  The  genus  Andersonia  is  limited  to  W.  Australia  and 
has  20  species.  A.  sprengelioides,  B.Br.,  is  very  common 
at  King  George's  Sound. 

(b)  Astroloma  compactum,  R.Br,  (referred  by  Baron  Mueller  to 

Styphelia),  is  nearly  allied  to  A.  humi/usum,  R.Br.,  a 
species  found  in  most  of  the  Australian  colonies.  Accord- 
ing to  the  Flora,  there  are  18  species  of  the  genus,  three 
only  extending  to  the  East. 

(c)  Lysinema  fimbriatum,  F.v.M.,  is  remarkable  with  the  other 

four  species  of  this  western  genus  for  having  its  filaments 
free  from  the  base. 

(d)  Leucopogon    carinafus,     R.Br.,     belongs     to    the     section 

"Striatte"  of  the  genus.  The  Baron  joins  Xewcopo^on  with 
Styphelia,  but  according  to  the  Flora  it  reckons  120  species, 
of  which  78  are  western.  It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  L. 
Richei,  R.Br.,  a  species  growing  near  the  coast,  is  common 
to  five  of  the  Australian  colonies  and  Tasmania. 


32     SPECIMENS  OP  PLANTS  COLLECTED  AT  KING  GEORGE's  SOUND, 

(e)  Dracophyllum  capitatum,  R.Br.,  occurs  only  in  W.  Aus- 
tralia, to  which  may  be  added  D.  aquarrosum,  R.Br.,  D. 
Drummondii,  Benth.,  D.  phlogiflorum,  F.v.M.,  D.  gracUe, 
R.Br.,  and  D.  parvijlorum,  F.v.M.  Two  species  are 
indigenous  in  Tasmania,  one  in  Queensland,  and  one  [D. 
Fitzgeraldi,  F.v.M.)  in  Lord  Howe's  Island. 

(16)  Conostylis  setigera,  R.Br.,  belongs  to  a  genus  having  32 
species,  all  peculiar  to  W.  Australia.  It  is  worthy  of  notice  that 
the  only  species  of  Hsemodoracese  in  N.  S.  Wales  are  H(em,odorum 
planifolium,  R.Br.,  and  H.  teretifolium,  R.Br. 

(17)  Xerotes  micrantha,  Endl.,  is  a  species  found  in  S.  and  W. 
Australia,  Victoria,  and  N.  S.  Wales.  The  genus  comprises  32 
species,  of  which  19  aie  limited  to  W.  Australia  and  11  occur  in  N. 
S.  Wales.  The  only  Xerotes  found  out  of  Australia  is  one  in 
New  Caledonia. 

It  is  remarkable,  on  looking  over  a  few  specimens  gathered 
promiscuously  at  King  George's  Sound,  that  Pelargonium  Rodney- 
anum,  Vicia  angustifolia,  Helichrysum,  bracteatuni,  and  Xerotes 
micrantha  are  the  only  species  found  on  the  eastera  part  of  the 
continent,  and  of  these  one  is  probably  of  African  and  the  other 
of  European  origin.  The  rest  of  the  species  stand,  as  it  were, 
isolated,  and  illustrate  the  I'emark  of  Sir  J.  D.  Hooker  that,  in 
reference  to  the  flora  of  Australia,  "  there  is  a  greater  specific 
difference  between  two  quarters  of  Australia  (South-eastern  and 
South-western)  than  between  Australia  and  the  rest  of  the  globe ; 
and  that  the  most  marked  characteristics  of  the  flora  are  concen- 
trated at  that  point  which  is  geographically  most  remote  from  any 
other  region  of  the  globe."  Western  Australia  is  rich  in  the 
number  of  its  species.  Baion  Mueller  reckons  3560,  and  of  these 
the  great  majority  are  "purely  Australian,  without  any  admixture 
of  any  other  element,"  whilst  in  the  eastern  colonies  the  number 
of  such  plants  is  proportionately  less.  It  appears,  therefore,  that 
in  Western  Ausfcralia  the  flora  of  the  continent  had  its  origin, 
and  that  whilst  certain  species  have  migrated  to  the  east,  they 
have  become  associated  with  those  from  other  parts.     Why  so  few 


BY    THE    REV.  W.  WOOLLS.  33 

species,  comparatively  speaking,  have  left  their  original  source  is 
a  problem  not  yet  solved,  and  it  is  doubtless  the  result  of  causes 
which  remain  to  be  explained  in  reference  to  geological  periods 
long  past.  Whatever  may  be  the  cause,  it  is  a  fact  that  in  the 
great  orders  Leguminosse,  Myrtacese  and  Proteacese,  many  of  the 
western  genera  are  either  wholly  unrepresented  or  only  partially 
represented  in  the  east.  For  instance,  the  large  genera  Gastro- 
lobium  and  Jacksonia  have  very  few  species  out  of  Western 
Australia,  whilst  at  least  four  genera  are  not  represented  in  any 
other  part  of  Australia.  In  the  Myrtaceje,  also,  a  similar  unequal 
distribution  appears.  The  large  genus  Verticordia,  with  the 
exception  of  one  species  in  Queensland  and  Northern  Australia,  is 
exclusively  western ;  and  Calycothrix,  with  its  numerous  species, 
has  only  two  representatives  in  N.  S.  Wales.  Actinodium,  P'de- 
anthus,  Wehlia,  Astartea,  Hypocalymma,  Balaustion,  Conothamnus, 
Regelia,  Phymatoc'wpns,  Calothamnus,  Lamarchea  and  EremcBa  are 
limited  to  the  west ;  and  in  Eucalyptus  not  more  than  six  or  seven 
species  are  common  to  both  regions.  Again,  in  the  Proteacese, 
Simsia,  Synaphea,  FranUandia,  and  the  large  genus  Dryandra, 
no  species  have  migrated  eastward  ;  whilst  in  Petropldla,  Isopogon, 
and  Banksia,  the  eastern  species  are  few.  In  the  large  order  of 
the  Compositfe,  206  occur  in  the  west  and  296  in  N.  8.  Wales. 
Only  three  genera,  with  one  species  each,  viz.,  Pithocarpa,  Decazesia 
and  Trichocline,  are  peculiar  to  W.  Australia.  It  must  be  remarked 
in  reference  to  this  order  that  the  species  are  more  widely  dis- 
tributed than  any  other,  being  easily  conveyed  by  the  nature  of 
their  seeds,  and  being  in  many  instances  mere  weeds  suited  to  all 
climates.  Notwithstanding  these  considerations,  however,  many 
of  the  western,  species  are  truly  local,  whilst  the  number  of  the 
eastern  composites  has  been  augmented  by  plants  from  Asia, 
Australasia  and  Polynesia.  In  the  Epacridese,  Oligarrhena, 
Needhaniia,  Conostephium,  Coleanthera,  Lysinema,  Cosmelia, 
Sphenotoma  and  the  large  genus  Andersonia,  nine  of  the  species 
occur  in  the  East ;  whilst  amongst  Monocotyledonous  plants,  all 
the  species  of  the  Hsemodoracese,  with  the  exception  of  very  few, 
are  strictly  limited  to  the  west.      It  would  be  easy  to  pursue  the 


34     SPECIMENS  OF  PLANTS  COLLECTED  AT  KING  GEORGe's  SOtlND. 

subject  further,  and  to  show  from  Baron  von  Mueller's  valuable 
"  Census  of  Australian  Plants  "  (to  which  I  am  so  much  indebted 
for  the  numbers  and  distribution  of  species)  how  correctly  Sir  J. 
D.  Hooker  concluded,  more  than  thirty  years  ago,  that  Western 
Australia  is  the  centrum  and  cradle  of  plants  purely  Australian, 
and  that  in  Eastern  Australia  the  flora  is  not  so  rich  in  endemic 
species,  or  so  free  from  an  admixture  of  such  as  may  be  regarded 
as  of  foreign  origin.  At  the  present  time  it  is  impossible  to 
explain  these  phenomena,  but  it  is  probable  that  the  progress  of 
geological  science  may  hereafter  bear  testimony  to  the  causes 
whicli  have  led  to  fche  differentiation  of  the  Australian  flora. 

Note. — Since  these  remarks  were  written,  I  have  received  from 
the  same  locality  Banksia  coccinea,  R.Br.,  £.  attenuata,  R.Br.,  B. 
Uicifolia,  R.Br.,  Callistemon  speciosus,  DC,  and  Sccevola  attenuata, 
R.Br.,  none  of  which  species  extend  to  Eastern  Austi^alia. 


35 

ON  PANAX  GUM. 
By  J.  H.  Maiden,  F.L.S.,  &c. 

Panax  is  a  geaus  of  the  Araliaceae,  several  species  of  which 
order  are  more  or  less  acrid  or  aromatic.  But  the  recorded 
instances  of  gum  or  resin  being  found  in  any  of  them  are 
extremely  few.  and  in  no  case,  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  has  the 
composition  of  the  exudation  been  dealt  with,  much  less  an 
analysis  given. 

In  the  common  English  ivy  ( Hedera  helix),  there  is  stated  to 
be  contained  "the  gum-resin  called  Hederine,  used  by  varnish- 
makers,  and  said  to  be  depilatory  and  emmenagogiie."  (Lindley, 
Medical  and  (Economical  Botany.) 

"An  aromatic  gum-resin  comes  from  A^'alia  racemosa,  spinosa, 
and  hispida.     (Lindley,  Vegetable  Kingdom.) 

Meryta  Sinclairii,  Seem.,  of  New  Zealand,  "is  charged  with  a 
peculiar  resin  in  all  its  parts."  (Kirk's  Forest  Flora  of  Neio 
Zealand.)* 

All  the  above  quotations  refer  to  resins  or  gum-resins. 

We  now  come  to  guins  in  the  Araliaceae,  and  the  two 
references  I  give  are  all  I  can  find  of  gums  in  this  natural  order, 
and  they  both  refer  to  Panax,  the  genus  to  which  all  the  gums  I 
have  been  able  to  obtain  up  to  the  present  also  belong. 

"  Panax  Golensoi  exudes  a  gum  very  similar  to  gum  arabic, 
and  occasionally  used  for  adhesive  purposes. "  (  Report  Neiv  Zealand 
Exhibition,  1865.) 

*  Since  the  above  was  written  I  have  received  from  Mr.  W.  W.  Froggatt 
a  quantity  of  a  gum-resin  from  Astrotriche  jloccosa,  DC,  belonging  to  this 
natural  order.  -It  has  a  very  pleasant  perfume,  and  appears  to  be  an 
interesting  substance.  It  exuded  from  sickly  shrubs  whose  stems  had 
been  wounded  by  a  small  GurcuUo, 


36  ON    PANAX    GUM, 

"  Panax  sainhucifolms  in  Novam  Angliam  extendit.  Truncus 
cum  ramis  gummifluus."     (Mueller,  Fragm.  vii.,  95.) 

It  would  appear,  therefore,  that  the  Araliaceae  exude  both 
gums  and  resins.  It  is  a  fact  not  generally  known  that  the  same 
natural  order,  the  same  genus,  and  even  the  same  species  may 
exude  both  a  gum  and  a  resin,  and  some  writers  have  even 
doubted  the  exactness  of  their  own  observations  when  they  have 
found  both  a  gum  and  a  resin  in  closely  related  plants.  I  hope 
to  show  in  another  place,  chiefly  by  citing  Australian  instances 
which  have  come  under  my  own  notice,  that  the  occurrence  of 
both  a  resin  and  a  gum  in  the  same  genus  and  even  species,  is  by 
no  means  uncommon. 

Returning  to  P.  samhucifolius,  I  have  not  yet  obtained  gum 
from  the  normal  species,  but  from  a  variety,  viz.,  P.  aambucifolius, 
var.  angit,sta,  or,  according  to  Baron  von  Mueller's  nomenclature, 
P.  dendroides,  var.  angusta. 

This  plant  is  found  on  the  banks  of  the  Snowy  River,  amongst 
boulders  of  rock,  attaining  a  height  of  about  8  feet,  with  a  diameter 
of  two  inches  when  grown  in  tree  shape ;  mostly,  however,  the 
plant  is  shrubby,  with  a  number  of  thin  stems. 

The  gum  was  obtained  from  old  sickly  plants.  When  obtained 
fresh  it  has  a  peculiar  sweetish  odour,  and  when  placed  in  the 
mouth  it  has  a  pleasant  flavour,  reminding  one  strongly  of  a  rose 
jujube.  It  dissolves  wholly  in  the  mouth  in  a  few  minutes,  and 
except  for  the  perfume  already  alluded  to,  it  might  readily  be 
taken  for  one  of  the  readily  soluble  Wattle  gums. 

Nevertheless  when  I  first  received  it  I  was  informed  that  in  a 
local  family  it  had  the  reputation  of  being  injurious,  and  even 
poisonous.  The  gum  is  credited  with  having  caused  vomiting  and 
serious  symptoms  which  lasted  three  or  four  days  in  a  young  man 
Vho  had  eaten  the  gum  as  freely  as  one  would  Wattle  gum. 

Nothing  in  my  analysis  shows  any  poisonous  substance  in  the 
gum,  and  as  this  is  the  only  instance  which  has  come  under  my 
notice  of  alleged  poisoning  by  Panax  gum,  the  sufierer  may  have 
been  under  a  misapprehension.     At  the  same  time,  it  must  be 


BY   J.  H.  MAIDEN.  37 

boi'ne  in  mind  that  vegetable  substances  of  an  injurious  nature 
{e.g.,  the  poisonous  principle  in  Macrozaviia  seeds)  are  sometimes 
not  capable  of  detection  by  ordinary  chemical  processes. 

My  sample  has  the  appearance  of  an  inferior  gum  arable  ;  it 
breaks  with  a  dull  couchoidal  fracture ;  the  colour  varies  from 
amber  to  colourless. 

After  24  hours  in  cold  water  a  portion  of  the  gum  remained 
undissolved,  and  had  swollen  a  good  deal.  After  separating  the 
solution,  this  insoluble  substance  was  treated  with  very  dilute 
potash  ;  it  readily  dissolved,  and  on  acidifying  with  acetic  acid 
and  adding  alcohol,  arabin  was  precipitated,  showing  the  insoluble 
portion  to  have  been  metarabin.  The  gum  soluble  in  cold  water 
was  proved  to  be  arabin.  The  composition  of  this  sample  of  gum 
is  :— 

Arabin       68-8 

Metarabin...  ...  ...  ...      16"1  (by  difference) 

Ash  2-0 

Water        13-1 

100  0 
I  have  I'eceived  (also  from  Mr.  William  Bauerlen,  collector  for 
the  Technological  Museum)  a  sample  of  gum  from  Panax  murrayi, 
obtained  from  Lindendale,  Lismore,  where  it  is  known  locally  as 
"  Pencil  Cedar,"  and  where  it  attains  a  height  of  40-60  feet,  and 
a  stem-diameter  of  9  to  24  inches.  It  was  collected  in  January, 
1892,  and  was  analysed  a  month  later. 

This  gum  is  brittle,  like  that  of  P.  sambtocifolius,  var.  angusta, 
and  not  viscous  like  that  of  P.  elegans.  Its  taste  is  not  pleasant ; 
it  has  not  much  odour,  not  resembling  P.  elegans  in  this  respect. 
It  is  fairly  light  in  colour,  although  portions  are  as  dark  as 
ordinary  glue. 

In  cold  water  it  wholly  dissolves  to  a  clear  transparent  liquid, 
not  opalescent  like  that  of  P.  sambucifolius,  var.  The  aqueous 
solution  has  an  odour  different  from  that  of  the  others,  and  not 
so  pleasant.     It  is  difficult  to  describe. 


38  ON    PANAX   GUM, 

On  the  addition  of  alcohol  of  specific  gravity  -834,  the  gum  is 
precipitated  as  an  opaque  white  substance,  and  is  arabin.  The 
composition  of  the  gum  is  : — 

Arabin        ...  ...  ...  ...     85*1 

Ash  2-3 

Water         12-6 


100-0 
Two  specimens  of  gum  from  Panax  elegans  may  now  be  described 
separately. 

1.  Found  at  Lismore.  Diam.,  1  foot.  Height,  50-60  feet. 
Gum  gathered  April,  1891,  and  analysed  the  following  February. 

Both  gums  are  rather  dark  in  colour,  and  resemble  Wattle 
gum.  They  are  in  irregular  lumps  of  about  half  an  inch  in 
thickness.  Both  are  plastic  after  months  of  keeping.  Both  are 
mainly  soluble  in  water,  the  insoluble  portion  largely  swelling  up 
in  that  liquid.  The  odour  of  the  a(?|ueous  solution  of  No.  1 
sample  of  P.  elegans  resembles  that  of  carrots  in  a  remarkable 
degree.  This  is  noteworthy,  and  reminds  one  of  the  close  afiinity 
of  the  Araliaceje  and  Umbelliferse. 

2.  Panax  elegans.     Sample  from  Ballina,  N.S.W. 

This  specimen  has  been  partly  described  under  No.  1.  In 
aqueous  solution  it  has  an  aroma  which  reminds  one  of  hops. 

The  following  analysis  gives  a  good  idea  of  the  composition  of 
both  gums  of  P.  elegans. 

Arabin       70*2 

Metarabin 9-8  (by  difference) 

Ash  3-3 

Water        16-7 


lOO'O 

Co7iclusio7is. 

Panax  gums  closely  resemble  Acacia  gums  in  composition. 
They  both  contain  gums  wholly  soluble  in  cold  water,  and  con- 
sisting entirely  of   arabin,  and  gums  partially  soluble  in  water, 


BY   J.  H.  MAIDEN.  39 

though  containing  varying  proportions  of  metarabin,  which  sub- 
stance causes  them  to  swell  in  cold  water.  The  gum  of  P. 
murrayi  would  form  a  valuable  substitute  for  gum  arable,  and  it 
would  be  a  valuable  minor  industry  for  this  country  if  it  were 
procurable  in  large  quantities. 

All  the  gums  possess  some  odour,  obtained  from  the  barks,  and 
isolation  of  the  odoriferous  bodies  could  be  best  carried  out  by 
analysis  of  tlie  bark.  This  odoriferous  principle  in  the  Araliacere, 
and  reminding  one  of  the  Umbelliferse,  has  long  been  known. 
"Most  of  the  species  have  a  very  strong  smell  of  aniseed  and 
celery, — hence  the  name  of  'Celery-tree'  is  given  to  Panax 
(Notliopanax)  elegans  by  the  Queensland  colonists."  (Seemann, 
Flora  vitiensis,  114). 

The  ash  of  Panax  gums  principally  consists  (in  my  samples)  of 
lime,  magnesium,  and  potassium,  with  a  trace  of  iron,  and 
although  the  bases  were  present  principally  as  carbonates,  both 
sulphuric  and  phosphoric  acids  were  found.  Quantitative  deter- 
minations of  the  different  constituents  of  the  ash  were  not 
made,  with  the  exception  of  phosphorous  pentoxide,  the  percentage 
of  Pj  O5  in  the  ash  of  P.  elegans  being  'GGQ, 

The  gums  may  therefore  be  considered  as  principally  the 
calcium,  magnesium  and  potassium  salts  of  arable  acid. 


40 


NOTES    AND    EXHIBITS 


L»r.  Wool  Is  sent  for  exhibition  the  plants  from  King  George's 
Sound  referred  to  in  his  paper,  and  flowering  specimens  of 
Capparis  Mitchelli,  Lindl.,  and  C.  lasiantha,  R.Br.,  both  from 
the  Namoi,  with  the  kindly  intimation  that  they  might  after- 
wards be  added  to  the  Society's  herbarium. 

Mr.  Fletcher  exhibited  a  collection  of  interesting  plants  from 
the  Blue  Mountains,  which  Dr.  Woolls  had  kindly  determined. 
Also  living  adult  and  young  specimens  of  Feripatus  — the  former 
part  of  a  collection  of  about  one  hundred  specimens  obtained  last 
month  on  the  Blue  Mountains,  the  later  part  of  their  progeny, 
amounting  to  at  least  two  hundred  specimens,  subsequently  born 
in  captivity ;  also  the  prematurely  born  young  of  an  accidentally 
injured  femalOj  advanced  embryos  extruded  during  the  drowning 
of  the  mothers,  and  dissected  females  showing  the  oviducts 
crammed  with  embryos.  In  view  of  this  fresh  evidence,  therefore, 
he  again  emphatically  protested  against  the  sweeping  generaliza- 
tion of  Dr.  Dendy,  to  which  extensive  publicity  has  been  given, 
and  which  has  appeared  in  at  least  four  scientific  journals,  tliat 
Feripatus  leuckartii,  Sang.,— in  the  wide  sense  in  which  Dr. 
Dendy  uses  that  teim,  namely,  to  include  the  N.S.W.  Feripatus 
— "  is  really  oviparous,"  as  well  as  against  Dr.  Dendy's  infeiences 
and  conclusions  with  regard  to  certain  young  specimens  exhibited 
at  a  Meeting  of  this  Society  in  October,  1888. 

Mr.  Froggatt  exhibited  (1)  a  series  of  specimens  illustrating 
the  life-history  of  the  butterfly  lalmenus  evagoras,  Don.,  the  larvse 
of  which  he  had  recently  obtained  at  Maitland  ou  the  foliage  of 
Acacia  decurrens,  and  had  noticed  that  they  were  visited  by 
numberless  ants,  attracted  by  a  sugary  excretion :  (2)  a  large 
arboreal  spiny  grasshopper  recently  obtained  by  Mr.  Bauerlen, 
botanical  collector  of  the  Technological  Museum,  at  Ballina,  Rich- 
mond River,  much  resembling  in  appearance  the  rough  and  thorny 
creeper  upon  which  it  is  found  :  and  {'?>)  a  small  collection  of  rare 


NOTES   AND    EXHIBITS.  41 

beetles  obtained  either  by  Mr.  Bauerlen  at  Ballina  or  by  the 
exhibitor  at  Allalong,  near  Maitland,  and  including  Monohammus 
sp.,  Hehecerus  crocogaster,  Boisd.,  StenofJerus  ostricilla,  Newm., 
Phaolus  Madeayi,  Pasc,  Xylonyclius  sp.,  Amphirhoe  decora, 
Newm.,  Penthea  solida,  Pasc,  Projjhanus  cupreus,  Gray,  and 
Brenthis  sp. 

Dr.  Cox  exhibited  a  noteworthy  collection  of  starfishes,  i  emark- 
al)le  sponges,  and  fine  specimens  of  Gorgonias  brought  up  by 
])earling  divers  from  considerable  depths  off  the  extreme  north- 
west coast  of  Australia,  for  the  opportunity  of  exhibiting  which 
he  was  indebted  to  Mr.  Gibbins,  who  had  taken  much  trouble  to 
bring  specimens.*  Also  specimens  {^  and  Q)  of  the  prawn 
Palctimon  ornatus,  Olivier,  which  has  recently  and  suddenly 
appeared  in  great  numbers  in  the  Hunter  River,  and  is  now 
coming  into  the  market  for  edible  purposes,  though  in  his 
experience  such  had  never  been  previously  the  case.  Also  good 
photographs  of  angler-fishes,  and  of  a  "  siamese-twin "  shark 
(Acanthias  antarctica)  from  New  Zealand. 

Mr.  A.  G.  Hamilton  sent  for  exhibition  a  specimen  of  a  large 
hairy  caterpillar  infested  with  several  hundreds  of  parasitic  mites, 
found  by  him  at  lUawarra. 

Mr.  Maiden  exhibited  a  series  of  specimens  of  Capjmris  nobilis, 
the  "  Wild  Lemon,"  of  the  Richmond  River ;  also  specimens  of 
Phehalium  Billardieri  taken  from  a  tree  of  the  unusual  dimensions 
of  35  feet  high  and  8  inches  in  diameter  of  trunk ;  also  a  twig  of 
Notelcua  longifolia  with  a  leaf  of  the  unusual  length  of  10^  inches 
from  tip  to  articulation,  and  illustrating  the  specific  name ;  also 
the  Panax  gums  referred  to  in  bis  paper. 

*  Mr.  Whitelegge  subsequently  kuidly  furnished  the  subjoined  hst  of 
these  specimens  :  — AsTEROiDEA — fLinckia  7niliaris,  M.  &  T.  ;  "^  Pentaceros 
nodidoswi,  Perrier  ;  t  Goniodiscus  pleyadella,  M.  &  T. ;  t  Nardoa  novce- 
ccdedonice,  Perrier;  •]■  Anthenea  tuberculosa,  Gray;  Echinaster  purpurens. 
Gray :  Gorgonacea — Ctenocella  pectinata.  Pall.  ;  Juncella  f/emmacea, 
M.  Ed.  &  H.  ;  +  Iciligorgia  orientalis,  Ridley  ;  t  Callipodium  australiense, 
Ridley  :  Porifera — lantheUa  fiahelliformis.  Gray  (very  large,  28  inches 
high  and  30  wide) ;  Thrinacophora  sp. 

t  Ijiicomnion. 


42 


WEDNESDAY,  30th  MARCH,  1892. 


The  President,  Professor  Haswell,  M.A.,  D.Sc,  in  the  Chair. 


Mr.  G.  A.  McKay  was  introduced  as  a  visitor. 


The  President  announced  that  the  Council  had  under  considera- 
tion the  question  of  the  proposed  Macleay  Memorial  Volume,  and 
that  a  committee  had  been  appointed  to  make  the  necessary 
preliminary  arrangements. 


DONATIONS. 

"  Archives  Neerlandaises  des  Sciences  Exactes  et  Naturelles 
publiees  par  la  Societe  Hollandaise  des  Sciences  a  Harlem." 
Tomes  i.-xix. ;  xx,,  Parts  I  and  2  ;  xxiv..  Parts  4  and  5 ;  xxv., 
Part  2  (1866-91).     From  the  Society. 

"  Tijdschrift  voor  Entomologie  uitgegeven  door  de  Neder- 
landsche  Entomologische  Vereeniging."  xxxiii.  Dl.  (1889-90), 
Afl.  3-4  ;  xxxiv.  Dl.  (1890-91),  Afl.  1-2.     From  the  Society. 

"  Tijdschrift  der  Nederlansche  Dierkundige  Vereeniging."  2'^'= 
Serie,  Dl.  i.-iii.,  Afl.  1-2  (1886-91).     Froin  the  Society. 

"  Zoologischer  Anzeiger."  xv.  Jahrg.,  Nos.  382-384  (Jan.-Feb., 
1892).     From  the  Editor. 

"  Bulletin  de  la  Societe  Beige  de  Microscopie."  xviii™^  Annee 
(1891-92),  No.  2.     From  the  Society. 

"  Perak  Grovernment  Gazette."  Vol.  v.,  Nos.  2-4  (Jan.-Feb., 
1892).     From  the  Government  Secretary. 


DONATIONS.  43 

"  Bolletino  dei  Musei  di  Zoologia  ed  Anatomia  comparata  della 
R.  Universita  di  Torino."  Vol.  vi.,  Nos.  104-111  (1891).  From 
the  Museum. 

Australian  Museum — "  Records  ;  Contents  and  Index,  Vol.  i."; 
"Catalogue  of  Marine  Shells  of  Australia  and  Tasmania."  Part  1 
(1892).  By  J.  Brazier,  F.L.S.  ;  "List  of  Cephalopoda  in  the 
Collection  of  the  Australian  Museum."  By  J.  Brazier,  F.L.S. 
From  the  Trustees. 

New  South  Wales  :  Public  Instruction — "Report  of  Curator  of 
Technological  Museum  for  1890."     From  the  Cttrator. 

"Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Victoria."  Vol.  ii  , 
Part  2  (1891).     From  the  Society. 

"  Smithsonian  Institution — United  States  National  Museum  — 
Annual  Report,  1888-89."  pp.  1-277,  447-589,  609-728,  and 
Appendix,  pp.  1-50.      From  the  Museum. 

"  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Harvard  College — Bulle- 
tin."    Vol.  xxii.,  Nos.  2-3  (1891-92).     From  the  Curator. 

"United  States  Department  of  Agriculture — Division  of  Ento- 
mology."    Vol.  iv.,  Nos.  5-6.      From  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture. 

"Bulletin  of  the  American  Geographical  Society."  Vol.  xxiii., 
No.  4,  Part  I  (1891).     From  the  Society. 

"Journal  of  Comparative  Medicine  and  Veterinary  Archives." 
Vol.  xiii.,  No.  1  (Jan.,  1892).     From  the  Editors. 

"  Verhandlungen  der  Gesellschaft  fiir  Erdkunde  zu  Berlin." 
Band  xviii.  (1891),  Nos.  9-10.     From  the  Society. 

"  Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Geological  Society."  Vol.  xlviii.. 
Part  1,  No.  189  (Feb.,  1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Annales  de  la  Societe  G^ologique  de  Belgique."  Tome  xviii., 
2"^  Livn. ;  Tome  xix.,  P«  Livn.  (1891-92).     From  the  Society. 

"Victorian  Naturalist."  Vol.  viii.,  No.  11  (March,  1892). 
From  the  Field  Naturalists'  Club  of  Victoria. 

Western  Australia. — "Report  on  the  Goldfields  of  the  Kimber- 
ley  District"  (1891).     From  the  Author,  the  Government  Geologist. 


44  DONATIONS. 

"  Cambridge  Philosophical  Society — Proceedings."  Vol.  vii., 
Part  0  (1892) ;  "Transactions  "  Vol.  xv.,  Part  2  (1891).  From 
the  Society. 

"  Iconography  of  Australian  Salsolaceous  Plants."  Decade  ix. 
(1891).  By  Baron  von  Mueller,  K.G.M.G.,  F.R.S.  From  the 
Premier  of  Victoria,  through  the  Librarian,  Public  Library,  Mel- 
bourne. 

"Zoological  Society,  London — Abstract  of  Proceedings  "  2nd 
Feb.,  1892.      From  the  Society. 

"Pharmaceutical  Journal  of  Australasia."  Vol.  v.,  No.  3 
(March,  1892).     From  the  Editor. 

"  Agricultural  Gazette  of  New  South  "Wales."  Vol.  iii..  Parts  1 
(Jan.)  and  2  (Feb.  1892).     From  the  Director  of  Agriculture. 

"Geological  and  Natural  History  Survey  of  Canada — Anuual 
Report."     New  Series,  Vol.  iv.  (1888-89).     From  the  Director. 

"  Societe  des  Sciences  de  Finland — Acta  "  Tome  xvii.  (1891)  ; 
"Oefversigt  af  Forhandlingar."  Vol.  xxxii.  (1889-90);  "  Bidrag 
till  Kannedom  till  Finlands  Natur  och  Folk."  H.  xlix.-l.  (1890- 
1891).     From  the  Society. 

"Kaiserliche  Leopoldino-Carolinische  deutsche  Akademie  der 
Naturforscher — Leopoldino."  xxvi.  Heft  (1890)  ;  "  Nova  Acta." 
Band  liv.,  Nr.  5  ;  Iv.,  Nr.  3  ;  Ivi.,  Nr.  2  u.  3  (1890-91).  From 
the  Society. 

"Transactions  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  London  for  the 
year  1891."     Part  5  (Feb.,  1892).^    From  the  Society. 

"Entomologisk  Tidskrift  utgifven  af  Entomologiska  Foreningen 
i  Stockholm."     Arg.  xii.  (1891).     From  the  Society. 

"  Revista  de  Sciencias  Naturaes  e  Sociaes  Orgao  da  Sociedade 
Carlos  Ribeiro."     Volume  Segundo,  No.  7.     From  the  Society. 

"  Bulletin  de  la  Societe  Royale  Linneenne  de  Bruxelles  "  Nos. 
1-4  (Nov.,  1891,-Feb.,  1892j.     From  the  Society. 

Sydney  Free  Public  Library — "Report  from  Trustees  for  1891." 
From  the  Trustees. 


45 


PAPERS    READ. 


STUDIES    IN    AUSTRALIAN    ENTOMOLOGY. 

No.  v.— NOTES  ON  THE   SUBFAMILY    BROSCINI  (CARABID.i-:), 
WITH  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  NEW  SPECIES. 


By  Thomas  G.  Sloane. 

In  a  former  paper  (P.L.S.N.S.W.,  1890  (2),  v.  p.  189)  I 
divided  the  Australian  Broscini  into  two  main  divisions,  viz.  : — 

i.  With  temporal  ridge  very  indistinct. 

ii.  With  temporal  ridge  distinct. 

Further  consideration  and  study  of  the  subfamily  induces  me 
to  think  this  grouping  misleading.  To  arrange  the  genera  of  any 
subfamily  into  natural  groups  one  requires  a  knowledge  of  at 
least  all  the  important  genera  constituting  such  subfamily  found 
in  all  parts  of  the  world.  I  have  only  a  knowledge  of  the 
Australian  genera.  These  genera  have  very  different  values  from 
a  classificatory  point  of  view,  a  circumstance  which  occurs  in  all 
branches  of  Entomology  ;  this  is  a  difficulty  in  the  way  of  drawing 
up  tables  of  genera,  especially  partial  ones,  because  the  genera 
must  theoretically  be  considered  as  of  equal  value,  though 
practically  they  may  not  be  so.  Taking  the  Australian  Broscini, 
we  find  three  distinct  types,  represented  by  the  genera  Promeco- 
(lerus,  Eurylychnus,  and  Percosoma  respectively.  The  genera  of 
the  first  group,  or  type,  have  been  arranged  by  me  (I.e.  p.  190)  in 
a  table  that  may  be  taken  as  useful  as  far  as  it  goes.  These 
genera,  with  Eurylychnus,  are  differentiated  from  the  others  by 
the  presence  of  a  setigerous  puncture  in  the  scrobe  of  the 
mandibles.       The    Percosoma    group    (Percosoma,   Lychnus   and 


46  STUDIES    IN    AUSTRALIAN    ENTOMOLOGY, 

Percolestus)  are  without  a  puncture  in  the  scrobe  of  the  mandibles.* 
This  feature  also  appears  to  be  wanting  in  the  New  Zealand 
forms. 

In  the  present  paper  I  take  the  genus  Promecoderus  first, 
because  I  have  already  treated  of  it ;  the  other  genera  I  take  in 
what  seems  to  me  the  order  of  their  affinity  as  leading  from 
Promecoderus. 

Promecoderus  castelnaui,  n.sp. 

(J.  Shining  black  (sometimes  with  a  bronzy  tint  on  elytra),  legs 
black,  antennae  and  palpi  piceous  black.  Head  large,  smooth  ; 
frontal  impressions  broad,  shallow  ;  clypeal  suture  hardly  marked  ; 
vertex  lightly  transversely  impressed  behind ;  eyes  not  very 
prominent,  inclosed  behind  ;  post-ocular  prominences  small.  PrO' 
thorax  cordate,  about  as  broad  as  long  (4  x  4mm.),  convex,  very 
slightly  declivous  behind  ;  sides  rounded,  not  dilatate,  shortly 
narrowed  behind  ;  marginal  border  narrow,  hardly  sinuate  on  the 
sides  before  the  base,  not  crossing  the  middle  of  the  base;  basal 
angles  sharply  defined,  but  hardly  right  angles ;  median  line 
distinct.  Elytra  oval  (8  x  4|mm.),  convex,  lightly  rounded  on 
sides,  declivous  to  peduncle  behind  the  scutellum,  striate  ;  the 
dosal  strife  distinct,  none  on  the  sides,  first  four  distinct,  but  only 
the  1st  reaching  the  apex.  Last  four  ventral  segments  with  a 
round  fovea  on  each  side.  In  ^  the  four  basal  joints  of  anterior 
tarsi  dilatate  and  spongiose  below,  and  with  two  basal  joints  of 
middle  tarsi  spongiose  below  ;  last  joint  of  tarsi  narrow,  not 
flattened. 

Length,  (J  14,  9  16  ;   breadth,  $  4^,  9  5  mm. 

*  I  would  note  that  the  form  of  the  anterior  margin  of  the  prosternum 
may  prove  of  value  in  dividing  the  Australian  Bkoscini.  It  is  edged  with 
a  continuous  border  in  Promecoderus  (all  species),  Cerotalis  (all  species), 
Adotela  (4  species  which  I  have  examined),  and  Gnathoxys  (I  have  only 
been  able  to  examine  a  single  example  of  Gn.  tessellatus,  Mael.).  In 
Eurylychnus  the  border  is  entire  in  E.  oUiffi,  Bates,  while  E.  hlagravii, 
(]asteln.,  and  E.  victorke,  SI.,  have  only  obsolete  ti-aces  of  it  at  each  side. 
There  is  no  border  to  the  anterior  margin  of  the  prosternum  in  Percosoma, 
Lychims,  and  Percolestus. 


BY    THOMAS    G.   SLOANE.  47 

[Jah. — New  South  Wales;  Narrabri  (Musson),  Warialda  District 
(Sloane). 

I  received  both  $  and  $  from  Mr.  Musson,  who  took  them  at 
Narrabri,  and  formerly  I  had  a  ^  taken  by  myself  in  the  Waiialda 
district.  I  believe  this  to  be  the  insect  to  which  de  Castelnau 
refers  when  he  says,  under  the  name  P.  striato-punctatus,  he 
has  a  specimen  from  the  Darling  River*  ;  however,  apart  from 
the  inappropriateness  of  the  name  striato-jninctatus,  I  hardly  think 
this  species  will  be  found  to  extend  to  Victoria.  I  have  already 
expressed  the  belief  that  P.  striato-punctatus,  Casteln.,  =  P. 
7iigrico7'7iis,  Casteln. f  This  species  is  allied  to  P.  comes,  SI.,  from 
which  it  differs  in  its  narrower  form,  in  the  prothorax  being 
proportionately  broader  in  comparison  with  the  elytra,  in  its 
larger  head,  blacker  colour,  and  in  the  marginal  border  of  the 
elytra  not  being  entire  on  the  base,  &c. 

Promecoderus  concolor,  Germ. 

When  reviewing  the  genus  Promecoderus  two  years  ago  I 
followed  de  Castelnau,  who  had  been  followed  with  doubt  by  M. 
Putzeys  in  his  Revision  des  Broscides  de  I'Australie,  and  main- 
tained P.  Jioioitti,  Casteln.,  as  a  species  distinct  from  P.  coricolor, 
Germ.  Since  then  I  have  obtained  a  larger  series  of  specimens 
from  different  localities,  which  convinces  me  that  they  must  be 
regarded  as  one  species,  and  that  P.  anthracinus,  Macl.,  and  P. 
politus,  SI.,  must  also  be  placed  as  synonyms  of  P.  concolor.  I 
further  sink  P.  lucidicollis,  Casteln.,  to  the  rank  of  a  variety,  and 
regard  P.  ohlongus,  Casteln.,  as  a  synonym  of  P.  lucidicollis.  M. 
Putzeys  gives  the  dimensions  of  P.  oblongus,  Casteln.,  as  12x4-^ 
mm. 

The  synonymy  will,  therefore,  be: — P.  concolor,  Germ.,  =  P. 
suturalis,  Casteln.;  P.  lucidus,  Putz.,  (these  agree  with  the  typical 
form  of  P.  concolor);  P.  howitti,  Casteln.;  P.  anthracinus,  Macl.; 
P.  politus,  SI.  (the  last  three  are  identical,  but  do  not  seem  to  me 

*  Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  Victoria,  1868,  viii.  p.  168. 
t  P.L.S.N.S.W.  1890,  (2),  v.  p.  210. 


48  STUDIES   IN    AUSTRALIAN    ENTOMOLOGY, 

to  warrant  being  regarded  as  even  a  variety);  var.  /'.  lucidicollis, 
Casteln.,  =  P.  ohlongus,  Casteln. 

I  have  specimens  of  a  small  Promecoderus,  from  the  Namoi 
River,  which  is  so  closely  allied  to  P.  lucidicollis,  Casteln.,  that  I 
cannot  find  characters  to  separate  them.  Had  I  been  able  to 
maintain  P.  lucidicollis  as  a  good  species,  I  should  still  have 
regarded  the  Namoi  form  as  entitled  to  rank  as  a  variety  ;  I  now 
have  to  include  it  under  P.  concolor,  and  propose  for  it  the  name 
var.  namoyensis  ;  the  following  is  a  description  : — 

P.  namoyensis,  $.  bronzed  black,  shining,  undersurface  black 
with  a  metallic  tinge,  legs  piceoas  black,  tarsi,  palpi  and  1st  joint 
of  antennae  piceous.  Head  smooth,  with  a  broad  shallow  im- 
pressioQ  across  vertex  behind  the  eyes  ;  eyes  prominent,  inclosed 
buhind  ;  post-ocular  prominences  weak.  Prothorax  smooth,  sub- 
convex,  a  little  flattened  on  the  disc,  about  as  long  as  broad 
(3|-x3^  mm),  truncate  in  front  and  behind;  sides  I'ounded, 
somewhat  dilatate  in  middle,  narrowed  behind ;  marginal  border 
narrow,  not  crossing  middle  of  base ;  median  line  lightly  im- 
pressed. Elytra  oval  (6-|^  x  4  mm.),  subconvex,  a  little  flattened 
on  the  disc,  smooth,  with  the  stria  next  the  suture  lightly  marked- 

o.  More  parallel ;  the  prothorax  and  elytra  more  convex  ;  the 
elytral  striae  more  distinctly  marked. 

Length  11|,  breadth  4  mm. 

Hah. — 'New  South  Wales  ;  Narrabri  (Musson),  Gunnedah 
(Sloane). 

The  ^  diff'ers  from  P.  lucidicollis,  Casteln.,  in  having  the  pro- 
thorax and  elytra  more  depressed  ;  the  $  has,  however,  almost 
exactly  the  same  facies.  Both  sexes  are  duller  coloured,  and 
have  the  elytral  striae  more  noticeable  than  P.  hccidicollis ;  the 
marginal  border  does  not  cross  the  middle  of  the  base  as  it  does, 
with  rare  exceptions,  in  that  species  ;  the  transverse  impression 
behind  the  eyes  is  a  noticeable  feature  in  the  present  variety,  but 
is  wanting  in  P.  lucidicollis.  The  tarsi  and  the  fovere  of  the 
ventral  segments  are  similar  in  both. 


BY    THOMAS    G.  SLOANE.  49 

Promecoderus  ambiguus,  n.sp. 

Lfevigate,  form  comparatively  short,  elytra  much  broader  than 
prothorax. 

Shining,  upper-surface  bronzed-black,  with  a  greenish  tinge, 
undersurface  rather  piceous,  legs  piceous  black,  tarsi  and  .  palpi 
blown.  Head  large,  without  impression  across  vertex  behind  the 
eyes ;  clypeus  slightly  rugulose  ;  clypeal  suture  distinct,  ending 
in  a  short  foveiform  impression  on  each  side  ;  the  lateral 
channel  from  above  eye  to  base  of  mandible  straight,  not 
oblique ;  eyes  round,  prominent,  inclosed  behind ;  post-ocular 
prominences  rather  inconspicuous,  about  half  the  length  of  eyes  ; 
mentum  with  strong  median  tooth.  Prothorax  convex,  almost  as 
long  as  broad  (3^-  x  3|  mm.),  truncate  in  front  and  behind,  widest 
about  the  middle  ;  sides  dilatate  in  middle,  shortly  narrowed 
behind  ;  marginal  bonier  narrow,  not  sinuate  before  basal  angles, 
stronger  and  entire  on  base  ;  a  broad  lightly  marked  trarisverse 
impression  a  little  in  front  of  the  base  ;  median  line  fine,  very 
lightly  impressed.  Elytra  rather  convex,  short,  oval  (8  x  5-^ mm.), 
rounded  on  the  sides,  broadest  a  little  behind  the  middle  ; 
shoulders  rounded ;  suture  lightly  impressed  ;  lateral  border 
narrow  ;  marginal  punctures  as  usual.  Ventral  segments  smooth, 
four  last  with  a  broad  shallow  round  fovea  on  each  side.  Posterior 
trochanters  long  and  pointed  at  apex. 

Length  13,  breadth  5^  mm. 

Hah. — Northern  Territory  of  South  Australia. 

A  single  specimen  in  my  collection  received  from  the  Rev.  Thos. 
Blackburn  of  Adelaide.  The  last  ventral  segment  has  one 
puncture  on  each  side  of  the  anus  (therefore  I  believe  it  to  be  the 
(J),  and  the  anterior  tibiae  are  without  spongiose  tissue  below.  In 
these  respects,  and  in  the  form  of  the  posterior  trochanters  it 
resembles  P.  distinctus,  SI.,  which  is  its  nearest  ally  among 
previously  described  species.  I  have  not  been  able  to  compare 
them,  but  would  note  the  more  metallic  colour  of  the  undersurface 
in  P.  distinctus. 
4 


50  STUDIES    IN    AUSTRALIAN    EMTOMOLOGY, 

In  the  following  notes  I  Lave  not  attempted  to  give  a  complete 
diagnosis  of  the  previously  desciibed  genera,  but  the  short  note 
on  each  will  be  sufficient  for  their  determination. 

Genus  Eurylychnus,  Bates. 

This  genus  has  been  formed  by  Mr.  H.  W.  Bates  [Ent.  Mo. 
Mag.  1891  (2),  II.  p.  285],  whose  lamented  death  has  been  reported 
since  these  notes  were  written,  for  the  reception  of  a  small 
insect  belonging  to  the  Broscini  from  Mt.  Kosciusko,  which  he  has 
named  E.  olliffi. 

The  leading  characters  of  the  genus,  as  I  regard  it,  are  the 
following  : — 

Head  with  strong  frontal  impressions  ;  a  strong  transverse 
impression  behind  the  eyes  ;  eyes  round  and  prominent,  a  single 
supra-orbital  puncture  above  each.  Mandibles  stout,  sharply 
hooked  at  apex,  a  setigerous  puncture  in  the  scrobe.  Antennae 
raoniliform.  Palpi  thick,  apical  joint  truncate.  Elytra  striate. 
Anterior  thighs  short,  dilated,  but  without  dentiform  projection 
below  in  ^ ;  anterior  tarsi  with  three  basal  joints  obliquely 
produced  externally,  and  in  the  ^  either  clothed  below  with 
spongiose  tissue  or  not. 

I  know  of  three  species  belonging  to  this  genus  which  may  be 
divided  as  follows  : — 
a.  Elytra  with  scutellar  stride  :  size  large  E.  blagravii,  Casteln. 
aa.  Elytra  without  scutellar  striole :   size 
small. 

Prothorax  subcordate,  gently 
narrowed  behind.  Prosternum 
without  a  border  along  anterior 

margin E.  victorice,  Sloane. 

Prothorax  orbiculate,  very  shortly 
narrowed  behind.  Prosternum 
with  a  complete  border  along 
anterior  margin E.  olliffi,  Bates. 


BY    THOMAS    G.  SLOANE.  51 

EURYLTCHNUS    BLAGRAVII,  Casteln. 

Mecodema  hlagravii,  Casteln.,  Trans.  Roy.  See.  Victoria,  1868, 
VIII.  p.  161  ;  Percosoma  blagravii,  Putz.,  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.  1868, 
p.  323  ;  Bates,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  1891  (2),  ii.  p.  286. 

In  his  note  on  this  species,  Mr.  Bates  says  : — "  If  the  male 
prove  to  have  the  soles  of  the  dilated  joints  of  the  anterior  tarsi 
furnished  with  a  hair-pad,  the  species  will  belong  to  Eurylychnus, 
from  which  it  differs  only  in  the  elytra  having  a  scutellar  striole." 
I  took  a  number  of  specimens  of  both  sexes  under  logs  in  the 
brushes  at  Burrawang  in  Nov.,  1890,  and  am  able  to  state  with 
certainty  that  the  male  has  no  "  hair-pad  "  on  the  lower  side  of 
the  joints  of  anterior  tarsi.  The  tarsi  are  so  much  alike  in  both 
sexes  that  I  cannot  determine  the  sex  by  their  means  ;  neverthe- 
less, I  do  not  consider  a  new  genus  necessary  for  its  reception. 
So-called  genera  which  rest  on  a  single  character  of  doubtful 
value,  appertaining  to  only  one  sex,  seem  to  me  too  artificial  for 
practical  workers  in  zoology ;  though,  no  doubt,  rigid  cabinet 
specialists  may  find  them  indispensable. 

This  species  has  been  very  carefully  described  by  M.  Putzeys, 
but  to  complete  my  notice  of  the  genus  Eurylychnus,  I  append 
the  following  description  founded  on  specimens  from  Burrawang. 

Form  robust,  convex.  Black,  legs  reddish.  Head  large,  with 
strong  transverse  impression  behind  eyes  ;  frontal  impressions 
strong,  curved,  diverging  backwards,  widening  internally  at 
clypeal  suture, — this  well  marked, — a  raised  space  between  frontal 
impressions  and  lateral  channel  on  each  side  ;  eyes  round,  promi- 
nent. Labial  palpi  subsecuriform  (broader  in  ^  than  in  9). 
Prothorax  lightly  convex,  almost  as  long  as  broad  (5  x  5|mm.), 
very  slightly  emarginate  in  front, — the  anterior  angles  being 
broadly  rounded  and  a  very  little  advanced  ;  sides  almost  parallel 
on  anterior  part  to  behind  the  middle,  lightly  rounded  to  anterior 
angles,  shortly  narrowed  behind ;  lateral  border  narrow,  reflexed, 
shortly  sinuate  before  base,  thickened  at  the  rather  prominent 
basal  angles ;  base  sinuate  ;  median  line  lightly  marked  ;  a  short 
strongly  marked  longitudinal  fovea  in  front  of  each  basal  angle  ; 


52  STUDIES    IN   AUSTRALIAN   ENTOMOLOGY, 

a  single  marginal  puncture  on  each  side,  placed  just  before  where 
the  sides  begin  to  narrow  behind.  Elytra  convex,  oval  (11  x 
6^ mm.);  strongly  and  regularly  striate;  interstices  convex; 
scutellar  striole  very  short  ;  lateral  border  narrow,  reflexed, 
interrupted  near  the  peduncle  on  each  side  ;  about  six  punctures 
along  each  margin,  those  of  the  middle  part  widely  placed,  round, 
and  foveiform.  Presternum  not  bordered  along  anterior  margin. 
Ventral  segments  impunctate—  excepting  last  with  a  single  seti- 
gerous  puncture  on  each  side  of  anus  in  both  sexes. 

Length  21,  breadth  6^  mm. 

Hab. — N.  S.  Wales  ;  Mt.  Kosciusko  (Helms),  Burrawang  :  Vic- 
toria ;  Marysville,  Otway  Ranges  (Sloane)  ;  Harrietville  District 
(Blackburn). 

EURYLYCHNUS    VICTORIA,  n.Sp. 

Form  light.  Black,  legs  and  mouth  parts  reddish.  Head 
large  ;  a  strong  transverse  impression  behind  the  eyes ;  frontal 
impressions  strongly  marked,  rugulose ;  a  narrow  groove  with 
I'aised  external  edge  extending  from  above  each  eye  to  base  of 
mandibles ;  space  between  this  groove  and  frontal  impressions 
raised  ;  eyes  prominent,  inclosed  behind  ;  post-ocular  prominences 
weak.  Prothorax  not  convex,  subcordate,  nearly  as  long  as 
broad  (3|  x  3|  mm.),  truncate  in  front,  lightly  sinuate  behind ; 
sides  lightly  rounded  on  anterior  half,  lightly  narrowed  behind ; 
lateral  border  narrow,  sinuate  before  the  base,  thickened  and 
forming  a  small  protuberance  at  the  basal  angles ;  median  line 
strongly  marked  ;  one  marginal  puncture  on  each  side,  placed 
slightly  before  the  middle.  Elytra  lightly  convex,  oval  (7  x  4|mm.), 
truncate  at  base,  sti'iate  ;  striae  entire  and  well  marked  ;  interstices 
equal,  not  convex;  no  scutellar  striole;  lateral  border  narrow, 
reaching  from  peduncle  to  apex  ;  a  few  widely  placed  punctures 
along  margin.  Presternum  with  anterior  margin  not  bordered. 
Joints  of  anterior  tarsi  a  little  obliquely  produced  externally. 

Length  14,  breadth  4 J  mm. 

Hab. — Victoria. 

This  species  I  received  from  Mr.  W.  Kershaw,  as  coming  from 
near  Melbourne. 


BY    THOMAS    G.  SLOANE,  53 

I  do  not  know  the  sex  of  tbe  specimen  described,  but  its  affinity 
seems  more  to  E.  blagravii,  Casteln.,  than  to  E.  olliffi,  Bates, 
therefore  I  think  it  likely  the  anterior  tarsi  are  similar  in  both 
sexes. 

Its  smaller  size,  less  dilatate  prothorax,  and  less  strongly  striate 
elytra  at  once  distinguish  it  from  E. blagravii,  while  from  E.  olliffi 
its  more  elongate  form,  and  less  globose  prothorax,  separate  it 
readily. 

EuRYLYCHNUS  OLLIFFI,  Bates. 

E.  olliffi,  Bates,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  1891  (2),  ii.  p.  286. 

A  single  specimen  is  in  my  collection,  taken  at  Burrawang  on 
10th  Nov.,  1890,  on  which  the  following  description  is  founded  : — 

(J.  Form  short,  robust,  head  small.  Black,  legs  and  parts  of 
mouth  reddish.  Head  small,  smooth  ;  a  strong  transversal 
impression  behind  eyes ;  frontal  impressions  strong,  diverging 
behind ;  clypeal  suture  strongly  impressed  ;  a  narrow  lateral 
groove  with  raised  external  edge,  extending  from  back  of  each  eye 
to  base  of  mandibles,  space  between  this  groove  and  frontal 
impression  raised  ;  eyes  round,  prominent,  without  post-ocular 
prominences.  Prothorax  short  (3  x  3-|mm),  rather  depressed  on 
disc,  declivous  on  sides,  broadest  about  middle,  lightly  emarginate 
in  front, — the  anterior  angles  being  broadly  rounded,  margined, 
and  slightly  advanced ;  sides  lightly  rounded  on  anterior  half  and 
a  little  narrowed  to  the  front,  shortly  and  decidedly  rounded 
behind  ;  lateral  border  narrow,  reflexed ;  a  small  protuberance 
extending  vertically  downwards  in  the  form  of  a  ridge  on  each 
side,  just  before  the  basal  angles, — these  obtusely  rounded  ; 
median  line  very  strongly  impressed,  not  reaching  either  margin  ; 
the  marginal  channel  widening  inwards  on  each  side  a  little  before 
the  basal  angles,  thus  causing  the  posterior  part  of  the  prothorax 
to  appear  sinuate ;  three  setigerous  marginal  punctures  on  each 
side,  the  1st  just  behind  the  anterior  angles,  2nd  about  middle, 
3rd  just  after  the  prothorax  begins  to  narrow  behind.  Elytra 
shortly  oval  (6|  x  4^ mm.),  rather  depressed  on  disc,  declivous  on 
sides   and  behind,  striate  ;    strise   strongly  marked  on  disc,  very 


54  STUDIES    IN    AUSTRALIAN    ENTOMOLOGY. 

indistinct  on  declivous  part  of  sides  ;  obsolete  towards  apex  ;  no 
scutellar  striole ;  lateral  border  broad,  reflexed^  widened  and 
flattened  on  each  side  near  the  peduncle  ;  about  six  widely  placed 
setigerous  punctures  along  each  margin.  Prosternum  with  an 
entire  border  along  anterior  margin.  Ventral  segments  strongly 
divided,  last  segment  with  a  single  puncture  on  each  side  of  anus. 
Anterior  tarsi  broad,  three  basal  joints  obliquely  produced  on 
external  side  and  clothed  below  with  spongiose  tissue. 

Length  12,  breadth  4-^  mm. 

Hnh. — New  South  Wales;  Mount  Kosciusko  (Helms),  Burra- 
wang  (Sloane). 

The  three  remaining  genera  form  a  natural  group  characterised 
by  having  the  mandibles  without  a  setigerous  puncture  in  the 
scrobe,  and  the  prosternum  not  bordered  along  its  anterior  margin. 

The  following  is  a  brief  summary  of  the  features  that  may  be 
used  to  separate  them  from  one  another  : — 

Form  short ;  prothorax  subquadrate,  hardly  at  all  narrowed 
behind.  Head  without  a  transverse  impression  behind  eyes. 
Antennae  moniliform,  short,  thick Percolestus. 

Head  with  a  transverse  impression  behind  eyes,  and  deep 
frontal  grooves.     Antennae  moniliform Lychrius. 

Form  elongate  ;  prothorax  subcordate,  greatly  narrowed  behind. 
Head  without  transverse  impression  behind  eyes  or  deep  frontal 
grooves.      Antennae  subfiliform,  not  thick Percosoma. 

Percolestus,  n.g. 

Head  moderate,  lightly  impressed  on  each  side  behind  the 
eyes ;  eyes  spherical,  prominent ;  temporal  ridge  obsolete ;  one 
supra-orbital  puncture  on  each  side. 

Mandibles  short,  broad,  arcuate,  obtusely  hooked  at  apex  ; 
inner  edge  not  dentate  ;  scrobe  without  setigerous  puncture. 

Alaxillce  short,  not  projecting  beyond  labrum,  hooked  at  apex. 

Labrum  short,  sexsetose,  truncate,  anterior  angles  rounded. 


BY   THOMAS   G.  SLOANE.  55 

Mentum  short,  deeply  emarginate  ;  lobes  broadly  rounded  in 
front ;  median  tooth  strong,  bifid  at  apex. 

Palpi :  labial  thick,  penultimate  joint  bisetose,  last  joint 
elongate,  longer  than  penultimate,  cylindrical,  truncate  ;  maxillary 
with  penultimate  joint  short,  conical,  last  elongate,  thick,  truncate. 

Antennce  short,  moniliform,  1st  and  3rd  joints  about  equal  in 
length,  1st  thick,  cylindrical,  3rd  with  apical  half  globose,  then 
suddenly  constricted,  the  basal  half  narrow,  cylindrical,  2nd  joint 
short,  conical. 

Prothorax  short,  the  angles  rounded  ;  one  marginal  puncture  on 
each  side,  about  middle. 

Elytra  short,  broad. 

Legs  :  $.  Anterior  femora  short,  thick,  without  a  dentiform 
projection  below  ;  anterior  tibiae  short,  strongly  excavate  below, 
outer  edge  finely  serrate  near  apex ;  anterior  tarsi  short,  the 
joints  short,  broad,  a  little  obliquely  produced  externally,  without 
any  spongiose  tissue  below. 

Percolestus  blackburni,  n.sp. 

Form  short,  robust.  Black,  shining  ;  undersurface  more 
polished  ;  palpi  piceous.  Head  short,  broad,  convex,  smooth,  not 
constricted  behind  eyes,  lightly  and  broadly  impressed  on  each 
side  behind  the  eyes,  the  impressions  becoming  obsolete  on  vertex; 
a  light  impression  on  each  side  of  the  clypeus,  hardly  reaching 
behind  clypeal  suture ;  clypeus  subtruncate ;  eyes  globular, 
prominent,  not  inclosed  in  prominences  behind  ;  prothorax  sub- 
convex,  subquadrate  (4^x5  mm.),  a  little  narrower  behind 
than  in  front,  truncate  in  front  and  behind  ;  sides  shortly 
rounded  to  anterior  angles, — these  not  advanced, — more  gently 
rounded  to  basal  angles, — these  not  marked, — lateral  border 
narrow,  reaching  the  base  ;  median  line  very  fine,  not  reaching 
either  margin  ;  a  single  marginal  puncture  on  each  side,  placed  a 
little  behind  the  middle.  Elytra  convex,  shortly  oval  (9x6  mm.), 
lightly  striate;  striae  very  fine,  those  near  the  suture  more  distinct; 


56  STUDIES    IN    AUSTRALIAN    ENTOMOLOGY, 

interstices  flat,  no  scutellar  stride  ;  lateral  border  narrow,  reach- 
ing from  peduncle  to  apex  ;  a  few  punctures  along  the  margin, 
sparingly  placed  on  anterior  half  and  becoming  closer  towards 
apex.  Prosternum  with  anterior  margin  not  bordered.  Ventral 
segments  smooth,  without  punctures,  except  a  single  one  on  each 
side  of  the  anus. 


Hab. — Victoria  (taken  by  Rev.  Thos.  Blackburn  in  the  moun- 
tains above  Harrietville,  Upper  Ovens  River). 

This  species  may  be  separated  at  a  glance  from  all  the  other 
Australian  Broscini  by  its  short,  broad  prothorax,  which  is 
broadly  rounded,  but  hardly  at  all  narrowed  beliind. 

Genus  Lychnus,  Putzeys. 

This  genus,  founded  by  M.  Putzeys  (Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.  1868,  p. 
324)  for  the  reception  of  a  Tasmanian  species  which  he  named 
Lychnus  ater,  is  closely  allied  to  Percosoma  ;  so  closely,  indeed,  as 
to  suggest  that  it  might  be  regarded  with  advantage  as  a  section 
of  that  genus.  However,  I  have  not  sufiicient  material  at  my 
command  to  justify  me  in  uniting  it  with  Percosoma,  and  in 
deference  to  pi'evious  vvorkers  who  have  considered  Lychnus  a 
good  genus,  I  still  maintain  it  distinct.  The  species  as  yet 
recorded  belong  to  Tasmania,  but  their  affinity  is  rather  to  the 
Victorian  species  of  Percosoma  than  to  those  from  Tasmania. 

Its  distinguishing  characters  are  : — Antenn;e  moniliforra;  head 
with  strong  frontal  impressions,  and  a  strong  transverse  impression 
across  the  vertex  at  the  back  of  the  eyes.  In  the  $  the  anterior 
thighs  are  dilatate  in  the  middle,  with  the  lower  side  forming  a 
strong  obtuse  projection. 

In  1878  Mr.  Bates  described  two  species,  L.  strangulatus 
and  L.  striatulus,  as  new.  He  expresses  himself  as  being 
doubtful  if  L.  ater,  Putz.,  could  have  had  the  transverse 
impression  across  the  head  that  is  so  conspicuous  a  feature  in  his 
two  species,  because  M.  Putzeys  does  not  allude  to  it  either  in 
Lis  diagnosis  of  the  genus  or  in  his  description  of  L.  ater.     This 


BY   THOMAS   G.  SLOANE.  57 

doubt  seems  to  have  been  one  reason  for  his  thinking  neither  of 
his  species  could  be  L.  ater,  Putz.  It  appeal's  to  me  that  M. 
Putzeys  thinking  this  genus  thoroughly  specialised  by  the 
moniliform  antennae,  and  the  form  of  the  anterior  thighs  in  the 
(J,  must  have  regarded  this  feature  of  small  importance,  and  so 
omitted  to  mention  it.  I  have  a  specimen  from  the  north  of 
Tasmania  which  seems  undoubtedly  to  be  L.  strangulatus,  Bates  ; 
it  agrees  thoroughly  with  M.  Putzeys'  description  of  L.  ater  (apart 
from  the  transverse  impression  at  back  of  head).  I  therefore 
think  the  names  synonymous,  and  in  this  belief  have  united  them. 
The  puncturation  of  the  elytral  striae  mentioned  by  M.  Putzeys 
in  his  description  of  L.  ater,  and  referred  to  by  Mr.  Bates  in  his 
remarks,  is  to  my  mind  of  no  value,  being,  in  all  probability, 
caused  by  long  immersion  in  spirits  of  wine. 

Lychnus  ater,  Putzeys. 

L.  ater,  Putz.,  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit.  1868,  p.  325  ;  L.  strangulatus, 
Bates,  Cist.  Ent.  ii,  1878,  p.  317. 

(J.  Form  elongate,  not  convex.  Black.  Head  not  large ;  a 
strong  transverse  impression  behind  eyes ;  frontal  impressions 
sti-ong,  curved,  diverging  backwards  ;  a  narrow  lateral  groove 
from  above  each  eye  to  base  of  mandible  ;  eyes  rather  prominent ; 
post-ocular  prominences  strong,  almost  equalling  eyes  in  size. 
Prothorax  depressed  on  disc,  cordate,  a  little  wider  than  long 
(4|  X  5mm),  truncate  in  front  and  behind  ;  sides  almost  parallel 
on  anterior  part  from  behind  anterior  angles  to  posterior  marginal 
puncture,  decidedly  narrowed,  but  not  sinuate,  to  base ;  lateral 
border  narrow,  extending  from  anterior  angles  to  slightly  behind 
basal  angles, — these  obtuse — ;  median  line  lightly  marked  ;  a 
marginal  puncture  on  each  side  about  the  middle,  three  other  seti- 
gerous  punctures  on  the  margin  just  behind  each  anterior  angle. 
Elytra  not  convex,  oval  (9|  x  6  mm.),  striate  ;  strise  shallow, 
lightly  impressed  ;  interstices  not  convex  ;  shoulders  rounded  ; 
base  declivous  to  peduncle  ;  lateral  border  narrow,  slightly 
reflexed,  extending  from  peduncle  to  apex  ;  a  row  of  setigerous 


58  STUDIES    IN    AUSTRALIAN   ENTOMOLOGY, 

punctures  along  margin,  very  thinly  placed  on  anterior  part,  much 
more  closely  on  apical  third.  Anterior  thighs  short,  dilatate  in 
middle,  lower  side  strongly  and  obtusely  produced. 

Length  18,  breadth  6  mm. 

Hah.  — Tasmania. 

Lychnus  striatulus,  Bates. 

L.  striatulus,  Bates,  I.e.  p.  318. 

To  render  my  notes  complete  I  append  Mr.  Bates's  description 
of  this  species,  which  is  unknown  to  me. 

"L.strangulato  simillimo,differt  tantum  statura  minori  elytrisque 
distinctius  striatis  interstitiis  convexis.  Niger,  minus  nitidus ; 
elytris  oblongo-ovatis,  paullo  angustioribus  et  supra  minus  planatis. 
Long.  17  mm.  (J." 

"  Differs  from  L.  strangulatus  only  in  being  smaller,  propor- 
tionately narrower,  and  in  the  elytra  being  more  distinctly  striated, 
or  rather  the  feebly  or  not  at  all  incised  stride  are  separated  by 
convex  interstices.  The  strise  have  no  traces  of  puncturation. 
In  its  narrower,  more  oblong  and  convex  form  it  resembles  the 
9  of  L.  strangulatus  more  than  the  $ ;  but  both  the  specimens 
before  me  are  clearly  males,  having  the  broad,  subdentiform 
dilatation  of  the  undersurface  of  the  anterior  tibiae  [query 
femora  ?]." 

"Central  Tasmania  (Simson).  Coll.  A.  Fry  and  H.  W,  Bates. 
Mr.  Janson  has  a  third  example." 

Genus  Percosoma,  Schaum. 

The  type  is  P.  carenoides,  White,  a  well-known  Tasmanian 
species.  The  species  I  associate  in  this  genus  fall  naturally  into 
two  groups,  the  Australian  and  the  Tasmanian  ;  the  former  differ 
greatly  from  the  latter,  though  not  sufficiently,  I  think,  to  warrant 
the  formation  of  a  genus  for  their  reception.  Of  the  two 
Australian  species  as  yet  recorded,  I  only  know  both  sexes  of 
P.  montanum,  Casteln.,  and  in  this  species  the  $  has  the  anterior 
thighs  with  a  strong  dentiform  projection  on  the  lower  side  as  in 
Lychnus. 


BY   THOMAS    G.  SLOANE.  59 

The  following  is  a  table  of  the  species. 
a.   Lateral  border  of  prothorax  not  inter- 
rupted  posteriorly,    reaching   basal  , 
angles.     A  single  setigerous  punc- 
ture above  each  eye Australian  species. 

Sides   of   prothorax    gently    nar- 
i-owed  behind,  not  emarginate 

before  basal  angles P.  montoriMm,  Casteln. 

Sides   of  prothorax  sharply  nar- 
rowed behind,  emarginate  before 

basal  angles P.  conco^or,  Sloane. 

aa.  Lateral  border  of  prothorax  interrupted 
posteriorly,  not  reaching  basal  angles. 
Several  setigerous  punctures  above 
each  eye,  placed  in  an  elongate 
fovea,    one    or  more  punctures    on 

vertex  outside  this  fovea Tasmanian  species. 

Elytra  very  finely  striate,  inter- 
stices flat P.  carenoides,  White. 

Elytra  strongly  striate,  interstices 

convex  near  sides  P.  sulcipenne,  Bates. 

The  two  Tasmanian  species,  P.  carenoides,  White,  and  P.  siclci- 
penne,  Bates,  resemble  each  other  in  the  very  large  head  with 
long  jaws,  and  in  the  shape  of  the  prothorax,  which  is  broadest 
towards  the  front  and  greatly  constricted  near  the  base,  with 
broad  lateral  margins  interrupted  before  the  base.  In  all  these 
points  they  diiFer  from  the  two  Victorian  species,  P.  montanum, 
Casteln.,  and  P.  concolor,  SI.,  which  have  the  head  moderate  in 
size,  the  jaws  not  very  elongate,  and  the  prothorax  more  gradually 
narrowed  behind,  with  the  lateral  margins  narrow  and  not 
interrupted  before  the  base. 

The  Tasmanian  species  are  said  to  be  without  the  strong 
triangular  projection  on  the  lower  side  of  the  tibiae  in  the  ^ ;  but 
in  P.  montanum,  Casteln.,  (the  only  species  of  which  I  am  sure  I 
know  both  sexes),  we  find  this  feature  more  prominent  than  even 
in  the  described  species   of  Lychnus,  to  which  genus  it  was  sup- 


60  STUDIES    IN    AUSTRALIAN    ENTOMOLOGY, 

posed  to  be  confined.  In  all  the  species  the  anterior  tarsi  are 
nearly  similar  in  both  sexes,  and  without  spongiose  tissue  on  the 
lower  side. 

Percosoma  montanum,  Casteln. 

Meocdema  montanum,  Casteln.,  I.e.  p.  163. 

Percosoma  montanum,  Putz.,  Ann.  Mus.  Civ.  Genov.  1873,  iv. 
p.  316. 

Form  narrow,  elongate.  Black,  shining.  Head  not  large, 
smooth ;  a  broad  transverse  impression  behind  the  eyes,  hardly  at 
all  marked  across  the  vertex ;  frontal  impressions  light,  short ; 
eyes  prominent,  inclosed  behind,  projecting  beyond  post-ocular 
prominences, — these  not  strong.  Antennae  subfiliform,  not  taper- 
ing. Prothorax  not  convex,  narrow,  cordate,  about  as  long  as 
broad  (5x5;^ mm.),  truncate  in  front  and  behind;  sides  lightly 
rounded  on  anterior  half,  gently  narrowed,  but  not  sinuate, 
towards  base,  lateral  border  narrow,  extending  from  anterior  to 
basal  angles,  — thesu  slightly  obtuse  ;  median  line  lightly  marked  ; 
a  single  marginal  puncture  on  each  side,  placed  at  about  half  the 
length,  just  before  the  sides  begin  to  narrow.  Elytra  convex, 
oval,  narrow  (11 J  x  6^  mm.),  very  lightly  striate  (the  striae  hardly 
visible  to  the  naked  eye)  ;  shoulders  rounded  ;  base  declivous  to 
peduncle,  apex  broadly  rounded  ;  lateral  border  narrow,  reaching 
from  peduncle  to  apex ;  a  row  of  round  punctures  a  little  within 
the  margins,  these  more  closely  placed  towards  apex.  A  single 
puncture  on  each  side  of  anus  in  both  sexes. 

Length  21,  breadth  6^  mm. 

jj. — With  anterior  thighs  not  canaliculate  below,  dilatate  in 
middle,  with  strong  obtusely  pointed  triangular  projection  on 
lower  side. 

g. — With  anterior  thighs  lightly  canaliculate  below,  dilatate  in 
middle,  the  outer  edge  of  the  channel  on  lower  side  slightly 
produced. 

Hah. — Victoria ;  Yarragon,  Gippsland  (Sloane),  Dandenong 
Ranges  (French). 

I  have  no  doubt  this  is  P.  montanum,  Casteln.  M.  Putzeys 
in  his  remarks  on  de  Castelnau's  specimens  of  this  species  says  of 


BY   THOMAS    Q.  SLOANE.  61 

the  eyes,  "  ntioius  grand  que  les  tuLercules  post-oculaires,"  and 
further  on  says,  "Corselet  un  peu  plus  long  que  large."  Neither 
of  these  remarks  is  applicable  to  my  specimens,  in  which  the 
eyes  are  larger  than  the  prominences  inclosing  them  behind, 
these  being  weakly  developed,  and  the  prothorax  slightly 
broader  than  long.  The  dentiform  projection  on  the  lower  side  of 
the  anterior  thighs  in  the  ^  is  not  mentioned  either  by  de  Castelnau 
or  M.  Putzeys. 

Percosoma  concolor,  n.sp. 

Form  elongate.  Black,  shining.  Head  not  large ;  a  broad 
transverse  impression  behind  eyes,  lightly  marked  across  vertex ; 
frontal  impressions  feeble,  broad,  short ;  eyes  rather  prominent, 
inclosed  behind  ;  post-ocular  prominences  not  large  or  protube- 
rant ;  antennae  subfiliform.  Prothorax  not  convex,  cordate, 
nearly  as  long  as  broad  (5x5^ mm.),  truncate  in  front,  lightly 
sinuate  behind  ;  sides  lightly  rounded  on  anterior  half,  obliquely 
narrowed  behind,  lightly  sinuate  towards  base  ;  lateral  border 
narrow,  extending  from  anterior  to  basal  angle,  a  little  thickened 
at  basal  angles,  these  rather  obtuse  ;  median  line  lightly  marked  ; 
a  transverse  impression  on  each  side  a  little  in  front  of  the  base  ; 
several  setigerous  punctures  along  anterior  half  of  niai-gin,  the 
posterior  one  placed  just  behind  where  the  sides  begin  to  narrow. 
Elytra  lightly  convex,  oval,  wider  than  prothorax  (12  x  7mm.), 
finely  striate  ;  the  interstices  flat ;  shoulders  rounded  ;  base 
truncate,  lightly  declivous  to  peduncle  ;  apex  broadly  rounded  ; 
lateral  border  narrow,  reaching  from  peduncle  to  apex  ;  a  few 
sparsely  placed  punctures  a  little  within  the  margin.  Ventral 
segments  lightly  rugose  towards  sides,  last  with  one  puncture  on 
each  side  of  anus. 

Length  22,  breadth  7  mm. 

Hab. — Victoria;  Marysville District  (Track  to  Yarra  Falls, Best). 

A  single  specimen  in  my  collection  received  from  Mi'.  D.  Best, 
of  Melbourne.  I  have  not  ascertained  the  sex  of  ray  example, 
but  judging  from  the  fact  that  the  anterior  thighs  are  as  in  the 
9  of  P.  montamim,  I  believe  it  to  be  a  c^.  Its  broader  form  and 
the  shape  of  the  prothorax  at  once  distinguish  it  from  P.  montanum. 


62  STUDIES    IN   AUSTRALIAN    ENTOMOLOGY, 

Percosoma  carenoides,  White. 

Broscus  carenoides,  White,  Voy.  Ereb.  and  Terr.  p.  5,  pi.  1,  fig.  8. 

Mecodema  percoides,  Casteln.,  I.e.  p.  163. 

P.  carenoides,  Putz.,  Stett.  Ent.  Zeit,  1868,  p.  321. 

This  is  a  well  known  species ;  the  following  description  will 
enable  it  to  be  identified  : — 

Black,  shining,  thighs  and  mouth  parts  reddish.  Head  very 
large,  smooth  ;  jaws  long,  greatly  hooked  at  apex  ;  clypeus  usually 
with  three  setigerous  punctures  on  each  side ;  eyes  not  very 
prominent,  inclosed  behind  ;  post-ocular  prominences  small  ; 
several  setigerous  punctures,  placed  longitudinally  in  an  elongate 
fovea,  above  each  eye,  and,  just  outside  this  fovea,  a  single  large 
|)uncture  on  each  side  of  vertex.  Prothorax  cordate  (6  x  7jmm.), 
lightly  rounded  on  anterior  part  of  sides,  broadest  a  little  behind 
anterior  angles,  sharply  constricted  and  transversely  impressed  a 
little  before  the  base, — ^the  sides  being  straightened  to  meet  the 
base ;  lateral  margins  broad,  interrupted  at  basal  constriction  ; 
a  row  of  punctures  along  each  lateral  margin  from  anterior  angle 
to  basal  constriction  ;  median  line  lightly  impressed.  Elytra  not 
convex,  oval  (14x8;|mm.),  very  finely  striate;  the  interstices 
flat ;  the  5th  stria  with  about  a  dozen  punctures  along  its  course, 
these  more  closely  placed  near  base  and  apex,  smaller  towards 
apex. 

Length  26-28,  breadth  81  mm. 

Hab. — Tasmania. 

Percosoma  sulcipenne.  Bates. 

P.  sulcipenne.  Bates,  Cist.  Ent.  ii.  1878,  p.  317. 

I  have  a  single  specimen  of  this  tine  species  which  is  found  in 
the  N.  W.  parts  of  Tasmania.     The  following  is  a  brief  description. 

Form  elongate,  robust.  Black,  opaque,  head  very  large,  not 
narrowed  or  transversely  impressed  behind,  rugulose  in  front ; 
jaws  long  and  hooked  at  apex  ;  eyes  round  ;  a  rounded  promi- 
nence behind  each  eye  about  as  large  as  the  eye  and  equally 
prominent ;  several  setigerous  punctures,  placed  in  an  elongate 
foveiform    depression,    above    each   eye,    and    three   large   punc- 


BY    THOMAS    O.  SLOANE.  63 

tuies,  placed  in  a  transverse  row,  on  each  side  of  the  vertex 
about  level  with  post-ocular  prominences.  Prothorax  cordate, 
very  little  broader  than  long  (8  x  9  mm.),  broadest  just  behind 
anterior  angles,  gradually  narrowed  to  near  the  base,  then 
constricted,  the  sides  being  straightened  to  meet  the  base ;  lateral 
margins  broad,  not  reflexed,  extending  from  anterior  angle  to 
posterior  constriction,  then  oksolete  ;  a  row  of  setigerous  punctures 
along  their  length  ;  anterior  margin  longitudinally  striolate  ; 
median  line  distinct  ;  disc  transversely  striolate  ;  basal  part 
rugulose.  Elytra  oval  (17  x  10|  mm.),  rather  convex,  declivous 
towards  apex,  striate ;  striee  fine  near  the  suture,  the  interstices 
not  convex,  those  towards  the  sides  strong,  the  interstices  convex, 
5th  stria  with  three  strong  punctures  on  basal  third.  Posterior 
tiochanters  long,  acute. 

Length  35,  breadth  10|mm.  (Mr.  Bates's  measurements  are 
26-30  mm.  ;  so  my  specimen  seems  an  unusually  lai-ge    one.) 

A  brief  epitome  of  the  facts  relating  to  the  distribution  of  the 
Australian  Broscini  may  prove  of  interest,  though  I  can  make  no 
attempt  to  draw  any  conclusions  from  these  facts. 

The  subfamily  Broscini  is  represented  in  the  Australian  fauna 
(excluding  Nesv  Zealand)  by  80  species,  divided  among  9  genera 
as  follow  : — 

Promecoderus  (36  species)  has  its  metropolis  in  the  dividing  ranges 
of  South-eastern  Australia.*  Twenty-two  of  the  species  are  from 
that  part  of  Australia  lying  south  of  a  line  drawn  from  Brisbane 
to  Port  Lincoln  ;  of  these  only  P.  concolor  (from  South-western 
N.  S.  Wales,  Victoria,  and  South  Australia)  and  P.  hlackburni 
[from  South  Australia,  Port  Lincoln,  and  York  Peninsula]  are 
found  far  removed  from  the  mountain  ranges.  Three  species,  of 
normal  form,  are  from  Tasmania  and  the  islands  in  Bass  Strait. 
Four  species,  of  normal  form,  from  West  Australia  (of  these  P. 
clivinoides,  P.  dyschirioiJes,  and  P.  scauroides  are  very  "  close " 
species).  Four  other  species  constitute  a  group  (the  P.  bruymicornis 
group*)  peculiar  to  Tasmania ;  two  species  {P.  distinctus  and/*. 

*  For  a  table  grouping  the  species,  see  P.L.S.N.S.W.  1890  (2),  v.  pp.  193, 
195. 


64  STUDIES    IN   AUSTRALIAN    ENTOMOLOGY. 

ambiguus)  are  of  a  very  distinct  type  confined  to  West  and  North 
Australia  ;  the  remaining  species,  P.  gracilis,  is  an  isolated  species 
ranging  from  Bathurst,  N.  S.  Wales,  to  South  Australia. 

Cerotalis  (5  species),  two  are  from  south-western  Australia,  of 
one  the  exact  habitat  is  unknown  ;  one  is  said  to  be  from  Victoria  ; 
the  last  is  from  the  Dawson  River,  Queensland,  and  is  very  distinct 
from  the  others. 

Adotela  (14  species)  seems  to  be  found  over  most  of  the 
Australian  continent,  except  the  south-east.  On  the  eastern  side 
of  the  continent,  Gayndah  in  Queensland  is  the  furthest  south 
that  the  genus  is  known  to  extend ;  inland  a  species  is  found  on 
the  Darling  River  ;  on  the  south  coast  Wallaroo,  S.A.,  is  the  most 
easterly  point  from  which  a  species  is  recorded. 

Gnathoxys  (14  species)  has  no  species  recorded  from  Queensland 
or  Victoria.  In  N.  S.  Wales  two  species  are  found  (G.  tessellatus  is 
found  about  Sydney)  ;  South  Australia  has  four  species  recorded 
from  it.  The  other  eight  species  are  distributed  between  King 
George's  Sound,  Swan  River,  and  Port  Essington. 

Brithysternum  calcaratum,  the  only  species  of  the  genus,  is 
from  Peak  Downs,  Queensland. 

Eurylychnus  (3  species)  is  peculiar  to  the  mountains  of  south- 
east Australia,  its  range  extending  from  the  Shoalhaven  River, 
N.  S.  Wales,  to  the  Otway  Ranges,  Victoria. 

Percolestus  blackburni,  the  only  species  of  the  genus,  is  an 
isolated  form  from  the  mountains  at  the  source  of  the  Ovens 
River,  Victoria. 

Percosoma  (4  species)  has  two  species  in  Victoria  and  two  in 
Tasmania.  The  species  from  the  mainland  are  closely  related 
and  differ  greatly  from  those  of  Tasmania,  the  latter  also  being 
nearly  related  to  each  other. 

Lychnus  (2  species)  is  peculiar  to  Tasmania. 

It  may  be  noted  that  the  last  three  genera  are  more  nearly  related 
to  the  New  Zealand  types  of  Broscini  than  to  the  other  Australian 
genera.  All  the  species  of  Broscini  found  in  Australia  are 
apterous. 


65 


NOTES    ON    AUSTRALIAN    COLEOPTERA,    WITH 
DESCRIPTIONS   OF    NEW  SPECIES. 

By  the  Rev.  T.  Blackburn,  B.A.,  Core.  Mem. 

Part  XI. 

C  A  R  A  B I D  .E. 
Lebiides. 

Trigonothops  longiplaga,  Chaud. 

I  have  recently  received  from  various  localities  examples 
scarcely  separable  from  this  species,  and  an  examination  of  these 
and  of  specimens  from  Tasmania  of  T,  pacifica,  Er.,  appears  to  me 
to  point  strongly  to  the  conclusion  that  T.  longiplaga,  Chaud., 
cannot  be  considered  other  than  a  variety  of  T.  pacifica.  De 
Chaudoir  distinguishes  it  by  the  following  characters — (a)  head 
less  narrowed  behind  the  eyes,  (b)  prothorax  less  short  and  a  little 
less  rounded  laterally,  (c)  elytra  more  elongate  and  less  strongly 
striated,  with  flatter  interstices,  (d)  spots  on  the  elytra  more 
yellowish,  the  anterior  one  sending  out  a  narrow  prolongation  to 
the  base. 

Of  my  Victorian  examples, — which  I  know  were  taken  in  com- 
pany and  are  certainly  conspecific  irUer  se,  — only  one  presents  all 
the  characters  attributed  to  longiplaga ;  they  all  agree  in  having 
the  anterior  elytral  spot  prolonged  to  the  base,  but  two  of  them 
have  the  prothorax  distinctly  shorter  than  the  other,  and  of  these 
one  has  the  elytra  distinctly  wider  than  the  other.  The  elytra 
are  striated  a  little  less  strongly  than  in  one  of  my  Tasnianian 
examples  of  T.  pacifica,  but  I  have  another  Tasmanian  example 
which  is  striated  quite  as  strongly  as  the  Victorian  specimensj 
but  presents  no  other  character  distinctive  of  longiplaga. 


63  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

From  S.  Australia  I  have  three  examples,  all  taken  near  Port 
Lincoln.  In  these  the  anterior  elytral  spot  is  prolonged  forward 
still  more  widely  and  conspicuously  than  in  the  Victorian  form,  one 
of  them  even  having  nearly  the  whole  basal  margin  filled  by  it. 
These  S.  Australian  specimens,  moreover,  have  the  front  margin 
of  the  prothorax  more  or  less  distinctly  straighter  than  in  the 
Tasmanian  and  Victorian  forms,  in  consequence  of  which  the  front 
angles  of  the  prothorax  are  more  defined,  being  obtuse  but  not 
altogether  rounded  oif.  This  form  might  perhaps  be  conveniently 
named,  thus : — 

T.  pacifica,  Er.,  var.  lindensis;  prothoracis  angulis  anticis  minus 
rotundatis ;  elytrorum  plaga  anterior!  antrorsuni  usque  ad 
basin  late  producta. 

From  W.  Australia  1  possess  a  single  specimen  which  may 
possibly  represent  a  separate  species,  though  I  fail  to  detect  any 
good  distinction  except  in  respect  of  characters  that  in  the  forms 
alluded  to  above  certainly  appear  to  be  liable  to  slight  variation. 
Compared  with  T.  pacifica  this  insect  has  a  slightly  shorter  pro- 
thorax, but  I  can  find  no  other  structural  difference.  The 
anterior  elytral  spot  is  quite  as  in  pacifica,  but  the  hinder  spot  is 
as  in  T.  flavofasciata,  Chaud.,  i.e.,  is  a  fascia  occupying  the  entire 
apex  of  the  elytra  and  is  of  even  width,  but  zigzagged  on  its 
anterior  margin.  I  think  it  must  be  regarded  with  hesitation  as 
a  var.  of  T.  pacifica.     It  may  be  thus  characterised  : — 

T.  pacifica,  Er.,  var,  (?)  occidentalis ;  differt  prothorace  paullo 
breviori,  elytrorum  macula  postica  fasciam  formanti  apicem 
totam  complenti,  antice  dentata. 

I  may  add  that  the  variations  mentioned  above  are  undoubtedly 
not  sexual  characters ;  nevertheless,  as  I  have  not  seen  both  sexes 
of  all  the  forms  alluded  to,  there  remains  a  possibility  that  an 
examination  of  these  might  reveal  specific  characters. 

Of  the  other  described  species  of  the  genus  T.  lineata,  Dej.,  is 
very  different  from  all  the  above  mentioned  forms ;  T.  dimidiata, 
Chaud.,  I  have  not  seen,  but  it  is  evidently  a  very  distinct  form  • 
T.  plagiata,  Germ.,  is  identical  with  lineata,  Dej.;  T.  fiavofasciata. 


BY   THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  67 

Chaud.,  is  extremely  like  some  vars.  of  T.  pacifica,  Er.,  and  in  my 
opinion  is  of  doubtful  validity  j  T.  nigricollis,  Macl.,  is  probably 
a  good  species ;  there  is  nothing  in  the  description  of  T.  paUicli- 
collis,  Macl.,  to  distinguish  it  from  T.  jjacifica  ;  Sir  W.  Macleay's 
three  species  from  N.  W.  Australia  are  said  to  have  the  posterior 
elytral  spot  "  near "  the  apex,  which  seems  to  distinguish  them 
from  all  the  forms  of  Trigonothops  known  to  me,  the  posterior 
elytral  spot  in  all  these  being  at  the  apex. 

I  may  add  that  the  description  of  Dromius  tridens,  Newm., 
points  to  the  probability  of  its  being  a  Trigonothops,  and  that 
there  is  nothing  in  the  brief  description  inconsistent  with  its  being 
founded  on  the  same  species  as  T.  pacifica,  Er.,  in  which  case 
Newman's  name  would  have  priority. 

Demetrias  tweedensis,  sp.nov. 

Elongatus  ;  rufo-piceus,  subtus  dilutior  ;  prothorace  capiti 
longitudine  latitudineque  sequali,  longitudinaliter  profunda 
sulcato,  transversim  subrugato,  latitudine  longitudini  aequali, 
antice  leviter  emarginato  postice  subbisinuato,  antice  quam 
postice  manifesto  angustiori,  angulis  anticis  baud  productis, 
latitudine  majori  sat  longe  ante  medium  posita,  lateribus 
leviter  arcuatis  ante  basin  sinuatis,  angulis  posticis  extrorsum 
directis  parum  acutis ;  elytris  sat  fortiter  punctulato- 
striatis,  ad  apicem  emarginato-truncatis,  truncaturse  angulo 
externo  obtuso  interno  sat  acuto,  interstitiis  convexis  sparsim 
subtiliter  punctulatis,  interstitio  3°  postice  punctura  singula 
instructo.  [Long.  5,  lat.  If  lines. 

This  seems  to  be  a  genuine  Demetrias,  though  on  a  casual 
glance  it  has  much  the  appearance  of  a  Xanthophoia,  but  the  form 
of  its  palpi  and  other  characters  connect  it  with  the  former  genus. 
It  is  very  like  a  species  from  the  Richmond  River  (N.S.W.)  which 
seems  likely  to  be  D.  rufescens,  Macl.,  but  is  much  larger  and 
diflfers  in  the  form  of  the  prothorax,  which  is  by  measurement 
fully  as  long  as  wide  (to  a  casual  glance  it  looks  longer),  and 
evidently  narrower  across  the  front  margin  than  across  the  base, 


68  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

its  widest  part  being  evidently  further  fi'om  the  front  and  its  sides 
at  this  point  being  snbangulate.  The  anterior  narrowing  of  the 
prothorax  as  compared  with  the  width  at  the  base  will  at  once 
separate  the  present  species  from  J),  hrachinoderus,  Chaud. 

N.  S.  "Wales ;  Tweed  River ;  given  to  me  by  Mr.  Olliff. 

HOMETHES    ANGULATUS,  Sp.nOV. 

Oblongus;  niger,  antennis  (basi  testacea  excepta)  palpisque 
fuscis,  pedibus  (geniculis  et  ad  apicem  sunimum  tibiis 
tarsorumque  articulis  infuscatis  exceptis)  mandibulisque 
testaceis ;  prothorace  transversO;  latitudine  majori  longe 
ante  medium  posita,  lateribus  fortiter  angulatis  lineis  binis 
fere  rectis  formatis  ;  elytris  sericeo-tesselatis,  leviter  striatis, 
ad  basin  late  rotundatim  (quam  H.  sericei,  Er.,  multo  minus 
fortiter)  productis.  [Long.  31,  lat.  \\  lines. 

Much  like  H.  sericeics,  Er.  (which  is  said,  probably  correctly, 
to  be  identical  with  I/,  elegans,  Newm.).  Compared  with  it,  the 
present  species  is  narrower  and  more  parallel ;  its  prothorax 
distinctly  moi-e  transverse,  the  greatest  width  nearer  to  the  front, 
the  lateral  margin  formed  by  two  nearly  straight  lines  which  meet 
in  an  angle  evidently  more  defined  than  the  lateral  angulation  in 
H.  sericeus;  the  elytra  very  much  less  strongly  produced  forward 
at  the  base. 

From  H.  guttifer,  Germ.,  and  marginipennis,  Macl.,  the  absence 
of  a  pale  elytral  margin  inter  alia  distinguishes  this  insect ;  H. 
emarginatus,  Chaud.,  has  joints  6-9  of  the  antennse  white;  ff. 
micans,  Germ.,  and  velutinns,  Macl.,  have  the  prothorax  at  its 
widest  at  (or  close  to)  the  middle.  Apart  from  colour,  this  species 
is  very  near  H.  guttifer,  Germ.,  but  the  prothorax  is  at  its  widest 
a  little  nearer  to  the  front,  and  has  a  more  marked  angle  at  its 
widest  point ;  also  the  projected  front  of  each  elytron  is  sub- 
angular,  not  evenly  rounded.  The  colour  difference  has  nothing 
to  do  with  sex. 

S.  Australia  ;  Port  Lincoln  district. 


BY   THE   REV.  T,  BLACKBURN.  0^ 

HOMETHES    GRACILIS,  Sp.nOV. 

Elongato-oblongus ;  niger,  antennis  (articulo  basali  fere  iiigro, 
articulis  4-6  et  9-11  infuscatis,  exceptis)  palpis  mandibuHs 
pedibusque  (horum  geniculis  et  ad  apicem  summum  tibiis 
tarsorumque  articulis  infuscatis  exceptis)  testaceis ;  pro- 
thoracis  latitudine  longitudini  aequali,  latitudine  majori  paullo 
ante  medium  posita,  lateribus  ab  angulis  anticis  fere  ad 
medium  leviter  divergentibus  hie  vix  angulatis  liinc  ad  basin 
arcuatim  convergentibus ;  elytris  sericeo-subtesselatis,  leviter 
striatis,  ad  basin  anguste  modice  productis,  interstitio  3° 
guttulis  obscure  rufis  seriatim  ornato. 

[Long.  4,  lat.  l^g  lines. 
A  very  elongate  graceful  species,  probably  in  general  facies 
resembling  H.  emarginatus,  Chaud. ;  but  that  species  inter  alia 
is  described  as  having  joints  6-8  of  the  antennae  white,  and  does 
not  appear  to  have  the  3rd  interstice  of  the  elytra  marked  with 
pale  spots.  ,  Its  narrow  form  will,  I  think,  separate  this  insect 
from  all  others  of  the  genus  hitherto  described,  as  also  will  the 
basal  joint  of  the  antennae  black  in  strong  contrast  to  the  next 
following  joints.  H.  velutimis,  Macl.,  is  only  slightly  described, 
but  it  is  not  said  to  be  a  particularly  narrow  species ;  moreover, 
the  description  of  the  antennae  does  not  make  them  agree  with 
the  species  before  me,  and  it  is  implied  that  the  legs  are  entirely 
of  a  testaceous  colour. 

S.  Australia  ;  McDonnell  Ranges. 

HoMETHES    PARVICOLLIS,  Sp.nOV. 

Ovalis ;  niger,  antennis  fusco-piceis  (articulo  basali  3°  que 
subtus  testaceis  exceptis),  mandibulis  apice  rufescentibus, 
pedibus  (geniculis  sat  late  et  ad  apicem  summum  tibiis 
tarsorumque  articulis  infuscatis  exceptis)  pallide  flavis ', 
prothorace  parvo  quam  latiori  fere  longiori,  latitudine  majori 
longe  ante  medium  posita,  lateribus  fortiter  angulatis  lineis 
binis  fere  rectis  formatis  ;  elytris  sericeo-tesselatis,  leviter 
striatis,  ad  basin  leviter  latissime  rotunda to-productis. 

[Long.  4^,  lat.  1|  lines. 


70  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

Remarkable  for  the  great  amplitude  of  its  elytra  as  compared 
with  the  prothorax.  The  latter  is  Vjy  measurement  just  barely 
longer  than  wide,  and  is  not  at  all  wider  than  the  head  j  its 
lateral  angles  though  very  obtuse  are  extremely  well  marked,  not 
in  the  least  rounded  off.  The  elytra  become  gradually  and 
slightly  wider  hindward  from  the  base  to  near  the  apex ;  the 
front  margin  of  each  elytron  is  gently  and  very  widely  rounded 
forward,  a  character  which  will  at  once  separate  this  species  from 
all  its  named  allies,  unless  it  be  one  or  two  in  whose  descriptions 
the  shape  of  this  part  is  not  mentioned,  but  they  are  very 
different  in  respect  of  other  characters.  From  H.  emarginatus, 
Chaud.,  the  colour  of  the  antennse  will  inter  alia  separate  it,  from 
H.  velutinus,  Macl.,  the  nearness  of  the  widest  part  of  the 
prothorax  to  the  front  of  that  segment.  The  dark  antennae  and 
palpi  are  a  noticeable  character. 

N.  S.  Wales  ;  near  Sydney. 

HOMBTHES    ROTUNDATUS,  sp.nOV. 

Late  ovalis ;  niger,  antennis  palpis  mandibulis  pedibusque  totis 
testaceis  ;  prothorace  quam  longiori  sat  latiori,  quam  caput 
multo  latiori,  fere  hexagonali,  latitudine  majori  paullo  ante 
medium  posita  ;  elytris  late  rotundato-ovalibus,  quam  con- 
junctim  latioribus  vix  sesquilongioribus,  sericeo-tesselatis^ 
leviter  striatis,  ad  basin  modice  sat  anguste  productis. 

[Long.  3f,  lat.  If  lines  (vix). 

Remarkable  for  the  strongly  rounded  sides  and  great  width  of 
its  elytra,  which  are  by  measurement  scarcely  half  again  as  long 
as  they  are  together  wide, — at  a  glance  they  appear  even  wider, 
or  something  near  circular.  Apart  from  this  character  the 
entirely  testaceous  antennse  (joints  5  and  6  scarcely  infuscate), 
palpi,  mandibles  and  legs  will,  I  think,  separate  this  species  from 
all  previously  named  in  the  genus. 

N.  S.  Wales ;  Blue  Mountains. 


BY   THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  71 

Dromius  YARRiE,  sp.nov. 

Oblongo-ovatus;  nitidus;  piceo-niger,  elytris  caeruleo-cupreoque- 

subiridescens,      antennis     palpis      mandibulis      pedibusque 

sordide    testaceis,    femoribus    coxis    et    metasterno    medio 

fere       albidis  ;      capite      prothoraceque       alutaceis      haud 

manifeste  punctulatis ;  illo  fere  sequali  antice  obscure  trans- 

versiru  impresso  ;  prothorace  sat  transverso,  antice  posticeque 

subtruncato,  canaliculato,  lateribus  ab  angulis  anticis  (his  sat 

rotundatis)  retrorsum  ad  basin  leviter  arcuatim  angustatis, 

angulis  posticis  obtusis  ;  elytris  obsolete  striatis,  interstitiis 

planis,  interstitio  4°  foveis  nonnullis   magnis  fere  obsoletis 

notato.  [Long.  1|-,  lat.  f  line. 

This  species  is  very  like  a  Metabletus  in  general  appearance,  but 

its  mentum  appears  to  be  toothed,  although  it  is  difficult  to  be 

quite  certain  without  dissection  in  the  case  of  so  minute  a  species, 

and  I  have  seen  only  a  single  example.     It  is  certainly  congeneric, 

I  think,  with  Dromiios  humeralis,  Macl.,    from  which  it  differs 

(apart  from  colour)  by  its  elytra  less  elongate,  less  parallel,  and 

at  their  widest  behind  the  middle,  as  well  as  by  the  much  more 

obtuse  hind  angles  of  the  prothorax. 

Victoria ;  Upper  Yarra ;  sent  by  C.  French,  Esq. 

Sarothrocrepis  posticalis,  Guer. 

I  am  confident  that  this  is  only  a  var.  of  ^S'.  corticalis,  Fab.  ;  I 
have  taken  it  frequently  in  company  with  typical  examples  of 
that  insect,  and  1  can  find  no  character  whatever  to  distinguish  it 
except  the  absence  of  a  forward  prolongation  of  the  elytral  fascia, 
and  even  in  respect  of  that  character  there  are  intermediate  forms. 
In  both  forms  the  prothorax  is  very  similar  in  shape,  being  much 
narrower  across  the  front  margin  than  at  the  base,  with  the  sides 
diverging  considerably  from  the  front  to  (or  nearly  to)  the  middle 
and  thence  converging  slightly  with  a  fairly  strong  sinuation  to 
the  base,  which  is  widely  and  distinctly  (but  not  very  strongly) 
lobed  hindward  in  the  middle,  the  hind  angles  being  very  sharp 
and  with  a  slight  outward  direction.     I  am  not  sure  that  the 


72  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

prothorax  of  S:  posticalis  is  not  a  little  more  narrowed  in  front 
than  that  of  typical  S.  corticalis,  but  the  character  is  certainly  too 
slight  to  be  regarded  as  specific.  The  prothorax  of  the  male  in 
both  forms  is  a  little  less  transverse  than  of  the  female  and  seems 
to  be  at  its  widest  slightly  nearer  to  the  front ;  and  the  male  has 
a  slight  excision  at  the  end  of  the  apical  ventral  segment.  The 
above  remarks  are  founded  on  the  examination  of  a  fairly  long 
series  from  S.  Australia,  Victoria,  and  Tasmania. 

Sarothbocrepis  (Lebia)  calida,  Newm, 
I  believe  this  species  to  be  identical  with  S.  corticalis,  Fab. 

ECTROMA    OBSOLETUM,   Sp.nov. 

Oblongum,  postice  latius  ;  testaceum,  elytvis  a  basi  retrorsum 
indeterminate  fusco-3-vittatis,  vittis  postice  ad  fasciam  sub- 
obsoletam  subapicalem  fuscam  attingentibus,  corpore  subtus 
fusco-adumbrato ;  antennarum  articulo  basali  3°  longitudine 
ajquali ;  prothorace  sat  transverso,  antice  subtruncato  quam 
postice  parum  angustiori,  lateribus  parum  arcuatis  postice 
vix  sinuatis,  angulis  posticis  fere  rectis  (apice  summo  subro- 
tundato) ;  elytris  striatis,  striis  obscure  punctulatis. 

[Long.  3,  lat.  l^Sj-  lines. 
I  have  no  doubt  this  species  is  congeneric  with  E.  civicum, 
Newm.,  but  as  my  example  is  a  female  there  remains  a  possibility 
that  the  discovery  of  the  male  might  prove  it  to  be  a  Sarothrocrepis. 
In  colour  and  markings  it  is  not  unlike  a  washed-out  specimen  of 
Sarathrocrepis  corticalis,  Fab.,  but  is  smaller  than  any  example  I 
have  seen  of  that  species,  has  the  basal  joint  of  the  antennse 
longer,  the  prothorax  of  quite  a  different  shape,  &c.,  while  its 
general  form  is  much  more  elongate,  with  the  elytra  gently  wider 
from  the  base  nearly  to  the  apex  and  with  their  lateral  margins 
nearly  straight.  In  respect  of  most  of  the  above  mentioned 
characters  it  agrees  with  the  insect  mentioned  below,  which  I 
take  to  be  E.  (Lebia)  henejicum,  Newm.,  but  differs  from  it  by  its 
more  robust  form,  longer  and  stouter  legs,  less  strongly  transverse 


BY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  73 

prothorax,  and  by  the  absence  of  the  dark  patch  or  spot  which  in 
the  latter  species  seems  to  be  invariably  present  on  either  side  of 
the  scutellum. 

N.S.  Wales  ;  Blue  Mountains. 

ECTROMA    BENEFICUM,   Newm. 

I  do  not  know  any  species  to  which  the  very  brief  description  of 
this  insect  applies  quite  satisfactorily.  De  Chaudoir  states  that 
it  is  a  congener  of  E.  ( Lehia)  civicum,  Newm.,  and  also  that  Lebia 
duponti,  Putz.,  is  conspecific  with  it.  There  appears  to  me  to  be 
probably  a  clerical  or  printer's  error  in  the  description  of  the 
latter,  which  states  that  a  pale  vitta  runs  from  the  shoulder 
towards  the  suture  of  the  elytra,  and  then  turns  and  runs  up  the 
elytra  again  "  versus  marginem,"  and  also  that  independently  of 
this  the  margin  is  entirely  testaceous.  It  is  difficult  to  understand 
how  there  can  be  room  for  all  this  marking  outside  the  shoulder. 
If  "  versus  marginem "  were  "  versus  suturam,"  the  description 
would  apply  very  satisfactorily  to  one  of  the  varieties  of  an 
extremely  variable  species  which  is  clearly,  I  think,  congeneric 
with  Lebia  civica,  Newm.,  and  is  very  widely  distributed  in 
Australia.  I  believe  that  Lebia  benefica,  J^'ewm.,  and  Cymindis 
inquinata,  Er.,  are  both  varieties  of  this  species.  Also  I  believe 
Sarothrocrepis  liturata,  Macl.,  to  be  another  variety  of  the  same. 
I  fear  it  is  impossible,  however,  to  arrive  at  any  certainty 
regarding  Newman's  and  Erichson's  species  mentioned  above. 

The  species  before  me,  and  of  which  I  take  the  above  mentioned 
to  be  varieties,  is  inconstant  in  size  and  markings.  It  varies  from 
long.  2^,  lat.  1  line  to  long.  3,  lat.  Ig  lines.  A  darkly  coloured  exam- 
ple (such  as  Lebia  daponti  might  have  been  founded  on)  has  the 
head,  prothorax  and  the  antennae  rufo-testaceous  (the  prothorax, 
however,  having  a  somewhat  semicircular  blackish  mark  on  the 
middle  portion  of  its  front).  The  elytra  may  be  regarded  as 
blackish, — in  which  case  the  lateral  margins  (narrowly),  the  apex 
(widely)  and  two  vittse  which  unite  on  the  base  and  also  on  the 
■disc  at  about  half  the  length  of  the  elytra  (enclosing  an  oblong 


74  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

black  space)  are  testaceous ;  or  the  elytra  of  this  variety  may  be 
regarded  as  testaceous,  having  a  short  blackish  vitta  (not  quite 
touching  the  base)  on  either  side  of  the  scntellum,  and  also  a 
large  common  black  blotch  (not  quite  touching  the  lateral  margins 
nor  extending  into  the  hinder  fifth  part  of  the  elytra,  convex  and 
also  dentate  hindward  and  being  in  the  front  half  of  its  length 
divided  into  three  branches,  which  narrow  forward  to  the  front 
margin  of  the  elytra, — one  on  the  suture  and  one  close  to  the 
lateral  margin  on  either  side)  which  occupies  the  greater  part  of 
the  surface. 

An  example  coloured  as  above,  but  in  which  the  juxta-scutellar 
vitta  should  connect  at  its  hind  apex  with  the  sutural  extension 
of  the  large  black  blotch  (I  have  not  seen  an  example  in  which  it 
quite  connects)  would  agree  with  the  description  of  Lehia  benefica, 
Newm. 

Through  a  long  series  of  specimens  before  me  the  dark  colouring 
of  the  elytra  gradually  fails,  the  difficulty  being  to  find  two 
examples  quite  identical.  First  the  sutural  extension  of  the 
large  blotch  is  much  narrower  and  then  disappears,  then  the 
juxta-scute]lar  vitta  dwindles  to  a  small  spot,  then  the  lateral 
extensions  of  the  large  blotch  become  more  slender  and  then  are 
abbreviated  in  front,  then  the  solid  part  of  the  dark  blotch  begins 
to  fade  out  both  in  front  and  behind  till  it  becomes  quite  a  narrow 
fascia  sending  out  three  short  extensions  in  front  and  with  its 
hind  margin  convex  and  dentate  hindward,  then  this  fascia  be- 
comes broken  into  a  number  of  short  disconnected  longtitudinal 
lines  (placed  however  so  as  to  be  evidently  fragments  of  the  same 
fascia),  and  finally  these  lines  dwindle  down  to  a  single  small 
spot  placed  at  the  point  which  in  a  full-coloured  example  is  the 
centre  of  the  solid  part  of  the  dark  blotch.  In  this  last  named 
variety  the  elytra  are  entirely  testaceous  except  a  small  dark  spot 
on  either  side  of  the  scutellum  and  another  on  tiie  suture  a  little 
in  front  of  the  apex.  Cymindis  inquinata,  Er.,  is  probably  one 
of  these  latter  varieties  in  which  the  solid  part  of  the  dark  blotch 
has  become  much  reduced,  and  traces  of  its  lateral  extensions 
remain  as  short  isolated  lines. 


BY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  75 

The  undersurface  is  testaceous,  with  the  sides  and  apex  of  the 
abdomen  more  or  less  widely  black.  The  legs  are  entirely 
testaceous. 

The  description  of  Dromius  tridens,  Newm.,  is  so  meagre  and 
vague  that  several  widely  separated  species  (including  this)  would 
come  very  near  fitting  it.  I  have  not,  however,  seen  any  example 
of  this  species  so  large  as  D.  tridens,  and  this,  together  with 
Newman's  calling  it  a  Dromius,  points  strongly  to  D.  tridens 
being  a  Trigonothops  (in  spite  of  De  Chaudoir's  saying  that  it  is 
congeneric  with  Lehia  henefica,  Newm.), —  probably  T.  pacificay 
Er. 

I  have  examined  the  type  of  Sarothrocrepis  liturata,  Macl. 
(from  N.  W.  Australia),  and  cannot  distinguish  it  from  examples 
of  this  species  taken  on  the  south  coast  of  Australia. 

In  all  the  numerous  varieties  I  have  seen  of  this  insect  there  is 
a  conspicuous  isolated  dark  spot  or  blotch  on  either  side  of  the 
scutellum  and  at  least  some  trace  of  a  more  or  less  semicircular 
dark  mark  on  the  front  of  the  prothorax. 

The  prothorax  is  very  strongly  transverse  in  the  female  and 
considerably  less  so  in  the  male,  its  sides  moderately  (female)  or 
but  little  (male)  rounded,  its  greatest  width  at  (female)  or  just  in 
front  of  (male)  the  middle,  its  front  margin  very  little  narrower 
than  its  base,  its  hind  angles  obtuse. 

The  specimens  before  me  are  from  Port  Lincoln,  Adelaide, 
Melbourne,  the  Victorian  Alps,  Central  Australia,  and  N.  W. 
Australia. 

COPTODERIDES. 

Philophlceus  monticola,  sp.nov. 

Sat  depress  us  ;  pubescens  ;  ferrugineus  ;  elytris  fusco-piceis, 
lateribus  (sat  anguste)  apice  (ol)scure  angustissime)  et  vittis 
singulis  dorsalibus  latis  ferrugineis  3  his  in  quinta  parte 
apicali  deficientibus  ;  prothorace  quam  longiori  minus  quam 
duplo  latiori,  antice  fortiter  emarginato,  postice  sat  fortiter 
lobato,  ad  latera  utrinque  5-setoso,  lateribus  mox  ante  medium 


76  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

sabangulatis,  hinc  ad  basin  vix  sinuatis,  angulis  posticis  baud 
plane  rotundatis  fex'e  subprominulis  (fere  ut  P.  distinguendi, 
Cliaud.) ;  elytris  confertim  subtiliter  (quam  P.  australis 
uiulto  minus  fortitei-)  punctulatis,  obsolete  striatis,  humeris 
modice  prominulis.  [Long.  4^,  lat.  2^  lines. 

Maris   tarsorum   intermedioruni    articulis   basalibus    3    subtus 

squamuloso-papillosis. 
Very  like  P.  australis,  Dej.,  but  differing  from  it  by  the  very 
much  finer  puncturation  of  the  elytra,  the  more  uniformly 
ferruginous  antennae,  the  prothorax  scarcely  darker  on  the  disc 
than  on  the  margins,  the  i'ront  of  the  prothorax  more  strongly 
emarginate  making  the  front  angles  more  prominent  and  con- 
spicuous, &c.,  &c. 

Compared  with  P.  distinguendus,  Chaud.,  the  prothorax  is 
markedly  narrower,  the  elytra  much  more  finely  punctured,  &c., 
&c.  ;  P.  g7'andicej}s,  Chaud.,  is  (as  its  name  implies)  notable  for 
its  large  head  (a  character  not  observable  in  the  present  species) 
and  appears  to  be  punctured  as  P.  australis. 

P.  intermedius,  Chaud.,  inter  alia  multa,  has  the  lateral 
margins  of  the  prothorax  only  bisetose. 

P.  australasice,  Chaud.,  inter  alia  has  the  siitural  apex  of  the 
elytra  furnished  with  a  small  tooth. 

P.  immacidatits,  Chaud.,  and  occidentalis,  Blackb.,  have  uni- 
colorous  elytra. 

P.  Froggatti,  Macl.,  is  only  about  half  the  size  of  this   species 
and  probably  does  not  belong  to  this  section  of  the  genus. 
The  other  described  species  have  different  male  characters. 
Victoria  ;  Alpine  district. 

Philophlceus  sydneyensis,  sp.nov. 

Sat  depressus ;  pubescens ;  ferrugineus ;  elytris  late  f usco- 
trivittatis  (vitta  communi  suturali  postice  abbreviata,  alteris 
submarginalibus  apicem  vix  attingentibus)  ;  prothorace  antice 
bisinuatim  minus  fortiter  emarginato,  postice  minixs  fortiter 


BY   THE   REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  77 

lobato,  ad  latera  utrinque  2-setoso,  angulis  posticis  obtusis 
vix  distinctis,  elytris  confertim  subtiliter  punctulatis,  obsolete 
striatis,  humeris  parurn  prominulis. 

[Long.  3|-,  lat.  1|  lines. 

The  above  characters  will  distinguish  this  species  from  all  of 
the  genus  previously  described.  The  others  having  only  two 
setose  punctures  on  the  lateral  margins  of  the  prothorax  are 
intermedius,  Chaud.,  ohtusus,Q\\».nA.^  angulatus,  Chaud., hiculentus, 
Newm.,  rectangulus,  Chaud.,  and  perhaps  mollis,  Newni.  The 
last  three  of  these  are  entirely  different  in  their  style  of  markings 
and  other  characters.  From  obtusus  and  angidatus  the  present 
species  differs  inter  alia  by  the  sutural  vitta  being  abbreviated  at 
about  f  the  length  of  the  suture, — or  (if  the  dark  colour  be 
regarded  as  the  ground)  by  the  two  pale  vittse  uniting  behind  and 
filling  up  the  apex.  This  species  is  very  near  P.  iritermedius,  its 
markings  and  colour  being  identical ;  but  differs  from  it  by  its 
head  almost  smooth,  its  prothorax  much  less  narrowed  behind, 
less  emarginate  in  front  and  scarcely  lobed  behind,  its  elytra  much 
more  finely  punctulate  and  having  the  shoulders  much  less  promi- 
nent, and  its  considerably  smaller  size. 

I  believe  this  is  the  first  Philophlceus  reported  from  N.  S. 
Wales.  I  have  not  seen  the  male,  but  have  no  doubt  its  sexual 
characters  are  like  those  of  P.  intermedins. 

N.  S.  Wales  ;  Blue  Mountains  ;  under  bark  of  Eucalyptus. 

Philophlceus  laticollis,  sp.nov. 

Sat  depressus ;  pubescens ;  ferrugineus,  elytris  fusco-piceis, 
lateribus  (sat  late)  et  vittis  singulis  dorsalibus  latis  ferrugi- 
neis ;  his  in  quinta  parte  apicali  deficientibus ;  prothorace 
(maris  vix  feminse  plane)  quum  longiori  latiori,  antice  sub- 
bisiuuatim  leviter  emarginato,  postice  lobato,  ad  latera 
utrinque  5-setoso,  lateribus  rotundatis  postice  vix  subsinuatis, 
angulis  posticis  rotundato-obtusis  ;  elytris  fere  ut  P.  australis 
sculpturatis,  humeris  minus  prominulis. 

[Long.  5i-6,  lat.  2|-2|  lines. 

Maris  tarsorum  intermediorum  articnlo  3°  subtus  simplici. 


78  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

In  the  section  of  PhiloiMceus  having  the  third  joint  of  the 
intermediate  tarsi  simple  in  the  male  this  species  may  be  at  once 
distinguished  from  all  previously  described  except  P.  eucalypti, 
Germ.,  by  the  following  characters  in  combination: — Prothorax 
5-setose  on  either  side,  elytra  not  unicolorous  on  the  disc  and 
punctured  not  more  finely  than  those  of  P.  australis,  Dej.  It  is 
remarkable  for  its  extremely  transverse  prothorax  (which  is  by 
measurement  twice  as  wide  as  long  in  the  female,  and  scarcely 
less  wide  in  the  male)  which  distinguishes  it  from  P.  eucalypti, 
Germ.,  and  is  one  of  the  largest  species  of  the  genus. 

Victoria ;  Alpine  district. 

Philophlceus  EUCALYPTI,  Germ.  (var.  1  Tasmania;). 
The  only  PhilojMoeus  that  I  have  seen  from  Tasmania  is 
scarcely  to  be  distinguished  from  this  S.  Australian  species.  I 
notice,  however,  that  the  antennse  (except  the  basal  joints)  and 
the  palpi  are  much  darker  than  those  of  typical  P.  eucalypti,  and 
there  is  a  slightly  more  decided  indication  of  hind  angles  to  the 
prothorax.  The  tarsi  of  the  male,  the  prothoracic  setse,  the 
elytral  puncturation,  and  the  colour  and  markings  seem  to  be 
quite  identical.     I  take  it  to  be  a  local  var. 

Philophlceus  opaciceps,  Blackb. 

I  have  received  this  species  from  Western  Australia  (York 
district). 

Philophlceus  conpertus,  sp.nov. 

Sat  depressus ;  pubescens ;  ferruginous ;  elytvis  fusco-piceis, 
lateribus  et  vittis  singulis  dorsalibus  minus  latis  ferrugineis ; 
his  in  sexta  parte  apicali  deficientibus ;  prothorace  quam 
longiori  fere  duplo  latiori,  antice  leviter  emarginato,  postice 
parum  lobato,  ad  latera  utrinque  2-setoso,  lateribus  ab  angulis 
anticis  retrorsum  leviter  arcuatis  paullo  ante  medium  angu- 
latis  hinc  ad  basin  nullo  modo  sinuatis,  angulis  posticis  valde 
obtusis  vix  rotundatis  ;  elytris  confertim  subtilissime  punctu- 
latis,  leviter  striatis,  interstitiis  leviter  convexis. 

[Long.  4,  lat.  1|^  lines. 


BY    THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  79 

My  example  of  this  species  is  a  female,  but  there  can  hardly  be 
a  doubt  of  its  belonging  to  the  same  section  (the  2nd)  of  the  genus 
as  P.  angulatus,  Chaud.,  to  which  it  is  closely  allied,  though  very 
distinct.  Compared  with  that  species  the  prothorax  is  wider  and 
not  quite  so  sharply  angulated  at  the  sides,  which  behind  the 
angulation  are  not  in  the  least  sinuate,  the  hind  angles,  however, 
being  more  obtuse.  The  juxta-sutural  elytral  vitta  continuous  to 
near  the  apex  and  much  narrowed  behind  distinguishes  this  species 
from  all  of  the  section  (angulatus  included)  except  eucalypti  (in 
which,  however,  the  said  vitta  is  much  wider  in  its  front  part), 
which  inter  alia  has  5  setse  on  either  side  of  the  prothorax  and 
much  more  strongly  punctured  elytra.  The  bisetose  sides  of  the 
prothorax,  in  combination  with  very  finely  punctured  elytra, 
which  are  not  unicolorous  but  bear  a  narrow  dorsal  vitta  abbre- 
viated behind  and  not  turned  inward  towards  the  suture,  will 
distinguish  this  insect  from  all  others  of  the  genus  independently 
of  sexual  characters.  I  believe  it  is  the  first  species  of  Philophloeus 
with  a  pattern  on  the  elytra  recorded  from  Western  Australia. 

W.  Australia  ;  Yilgarn ;  sent  to  me  by  C.  French,  Esq. 

Agonocheila. 

The  difficulty  of  this  genus  and  of  Philophloeus  is  greatly 
increased  by  the  existence  of  several  descriptions  of  the  most 
unsatisfactory  character,  of  which  all  that  can  be  said  is  that  they 
are  very  likely  to  have  been  founded  on  a  Philophloeus  or  an 
Agonocheila,  as  the  case  may  be, — but  it  is  quite  hopeless  to  refer 
them  to  any  one  in  particular  unless  one  could  accomplish  an 
examination  of  the  original  type,  which  is  quite  out  of  the  ques- 
tion for  Australian  workers.  I  see  nothing  for  it  but  to  treat 
these  as  non-existent  and  to  accept  the  risk  of  redescribing  them. 
In  my  opinion  the  author  of  a  sufficient  description  is  perfectly 
justified  in  publishing  it  on  the  one  condition  that  he  do  not  create 
a  synonym  for  a  species  already  recognisable  by  descriptio7i.  I  fully 
admit  that  if  an  eventual  examination  of  an  original  type  can 
enable  its  identity  to  be  satisfactorily  proved,  its  name  must  have 
priority  against  all  others  whatsoever, — but  I  hold  the  author  of 


80  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

the  first  recognisable  description  perfectly  free  from  blame  even 
though  the  name  he  used  have  to  become  a  synonym  through  the 
subsequent  investigation  of  the  specimen  on  which  some  unin- 
telligible description  was  founded. 

Lehia  irrita,  Newm.,  is  an  example  in  point.  De  Chaudoir 
seems  to  think  it  likely  to  be  a  Philophloeus.  I  incline  to  believe 
that  it  is  an  Agonocheila,  and  it  is  quite  possible  that  it  may  be 
the  species  described  below.  But  it  could  not  be  identified  except 
by  inspecting  the  original  type  (which  if  still  existent  is,  I  suppose 
in  the  British  Museum),  and  therefore  I  disregai'd  it. 

Agonocheila  fenestrata,  sp.nov. 

Sat  depressus  ;  pubescens ;  f  usco-ferrugineus  vel  obscure  rufo- 
testaceus,  exemplortim  plurimorum  capite  abdominis  lateribus 
apiceque  et  elytris  obscurioribus  (his  macula  brevi  anguste 
oblonga  longitudinali  discoidali  antice  posita,  et  exemplis 
nonnullis  altera  communi  transversa  subobsoleta  pone  medium 
posita,  ornatis)  ;  prothorace  quam  longiori  fere  duplo  latiori, 
antice  leviter  emarginato,  postice  lobato,  quam  caput  parum 
latiori,  ad  latera  utrinque  2-setoso,  latitudine  majori  longe 
ante  medium  posita,  lateribus  paullo  pone  angulos  anticos 
angulatis  hinc  ad  basin  letter  fere  recte  convergentibus, 
angulis  posticis  rectis,  basi  quam  margo  anticus  paiillo  latiori; 
elytris  modice  (quam  A.  curtulce,  Er.,  paullo  minus  fortiter) 
punctulatis,  obsolete  striatis,  interstitiis  vix  planis. 

[Long.  l|-2,  lat.  %-t  line. 
This  species  seems  very  easily  recognisable  by  its  diminutive  size 
and  its  brown  elytra  bearing  a  short  line-like  testaceous  mark  on 
the  disc  a  little  in  front  of  the  middle ;  very  rarely  this  mark  is  a 
little  dilated  laterally  so  as  to  be  not  much  longer  than  wide,  and 
almost  equally  rarely  there  is  a  short  transverse  testaceous  mark 
crossing  the  suture  a  little  behind  the  middle ;  in  some  examples 
the  external  margins  of  the  elytra  are  narrowly  (and  more  or  less 
faintly)  pallid  ;  I  have  not  seen  an  example  in  which  the  front 
pallid  mark  on  the  elytra  is  wanting  except  one  probably  immature, 


BY   THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  81 

in  which  the  whole  elytra  are  pallid.  The  species  is  remarkable 
also  for  the  angulation  of  the  sides  of  the  prothorax  (where  the 
anterior  of  the  two  lateral  setae  is  placed)  being  very  near  to  the 
front  margin — much  nearer,  e.g.,  than  in  A.  curtula,  Er.,  (^corti- 
calis,  Chaud.).  Compared  with  A.  biguttata,  Chaud.,  the  present 
insect  is  much  smaller,  with  different  markings,  very  much  more 
transverse  prothorax,  ifec. 

S.  Australia;  W.  Australia;  Victoria;  common. 

SCARITIDES. 

EURYSCAPHUS    SULCICOLLIS,  Sp.noV. 

Minus  latus;  niger;  nitidus;  capite  minus  transverso,  supra  oculos 
utrinque  bipunctulato,  inter  oculos  vix  rugato,  sulcis  fron- 
talibus  modicis  antice  minus  fortiter  divergentibus,  postice 
linea  curvata  conjunctis  ;  prothorace  quam  longiori  fere 
duabus  partibus  latiori,  marginato,  transversim  leviter 
rugato,  leviter  canaliculate,  intra  margines  laterales  utrinque 
late  longitudinaliter  sulcato,  lateribus  postice  vix  sinuatis, 
margine  antico  manifeste  bisinuato,  angulis  anticis  leviter 
productis,  mavginibus  utrinque  bipunctatis;  elytris  modice 
convexis,  fere  Ifevibus,  quam  conjunctim  latioribus  sat  lon- 
gioribus,  ad  basin  leviter  emarginatis,  humeris  reflexis,  disco 
postice  utrinque  punctura  sat  magna  instructo. 

[Long.  16,  lat.  6?  lines. 
The  most  striking  character  of  this  species  is  the  wide  shallow 
sulcus  on  either  side  of  the  prothorax  considerably  within  the 
lateral  margin  running  from  the  front  hindward,  and  gradually 
becoming  fainter  as  it  approaches  the  base  (there  is  an  approach 
to  this  sculpture  in  E.  bijninctatus,  Macl.).  The  large  puncture 
on  the  hinder  part  of  the  disc  of  each  elytron  distinguishes  the 
present  insect  from  ail  the  previously  described  Uiiryscaphi  except 
bipunctatus,  Macl.,  obesiis,  Macl.,  tatei,  Blackb.,  and  ebeninus, 
Sloaue ;  the  elytra  are  distinctly  longer  in  proportion  to  their 
width  (as  19  to  16)  than  in  any  of  the  last  named  except  tatei, 
Blackb.,  to  which   this   species  is   rather  close,  differing,  however 


82  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

(apart  from  the  absence  of  elytial  sculpture,  which  may  be  an 
unimportant  character),  by  the  presence  of  the  prothoracic  sulci 
already  mentioned,  by  its  less  transverse  head  on  which  the 
frontal  sulci  are  gently  curved  -outward  and  forward  in  front 
with  less  approach  to  an  angle  than  in  the  other  Euryscaphi 
known  to  me,  and  by  the  non-sinuate  hinder  portion  of  the 
lateral  margins  of  tlie  prothorax.  The  legs  do  not  appear  to 
differ  materially  from  those  of  E.  ohesus,  Macl.  The  elytra  are 
not  much  wider  than  the  prothorax  (as  16  to  14i),  and  their 
sides  are  but  little  rounded. 

S.  Australia;  basin  of  Lake  Eyre. 

EURYSCAPHUS    CHAUDOIRI,  Sp.nOV. 

Minus  latus  ;  nitidissimus  ;  aterrimus  ;  capite  valde  transverso, 
supi'a  oculos  utrinque  bipunctulato,  inter  oculos  sat  fortiter 
ragato,  sulcis  frontalibus  modicis  antice  fortiter  extrorsum 
directis,  postice  linea  curvata  conjunctis ;  prothorace  quam 
longiori  tribus  partibus  latiori,  marginato,  transversim  obsolete 
rugato,  canaliculato,  lateribus  posfcice  manifesto  sinuatis, 
margine  antico  vix  bisinuato,  angulis  anticis  leviter  productis, 
marginibus  utrinque  bipunctatis  ;  elytris  convexis  sub- 
tilissiine  vix  striatis,  quam  conjunctim  latioribus  sat  lon- 
giorihus,  ad  basin  leviter  emarginatis,  humeris  reflexis,  disco 
postice  utrinque  punctura  sat  magna  instructo. 

[Long.  15,  lat.  6  lines  (vix). 
The  elytra  distinctly  longer  than  usual  in  proportion  to  their 
width  (as  17^  to  15)  together  with  the  presence  of  a  large  puncture 
on  the  hinder  part  of  the  disc  of  each  elytron  will  separate  this 
species  from  all  others  described  except  tatei,  Blackb.,  and 
sulcicollis,  Blackb.  It  differs  from  the  former  by  its  consideiably 
more  transverse  prothorax  (|  again  as  wide  as  long),  somewhat 
more  elongate  elytra  (which  are  differently  sculptured),  &c.,  and 
from  the  latter  by  the  frontal  sulci  much  more  angulated, 
differently  sculptured  prothorax,  with  sides  sinuate  behind,  &c. 
S.  Australia,  near  Morgan, 


BY   THE   REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  83 

Clivina  iEQUALis,  Blackb. 

In  describing  this  species  (P.L.S.N.S.W.,  1889,  p.  718)  I  find 
I  omitted  to  mention  an  important  character,  viz.,  that  it  has  a 
perfectly  well  defined  abbreviated  punctulate  stria  on  either  side 
of  the  scutellum  on  the  basal  part  of  the  juxta-sutural  interstice. 
Owing  to  the  presence  of  this  additional  stria,  it  should  be  noted, 
the  stria  that  is  bent  outwards  at  the  base  to  meet  one  of  the 
external  striae  is  the  5th  counted  along  the  base,  but  the  4th  (as 
stated  in  my  description)  if  the  count  be  taken  a  little  behind 
the  base. 

ANISODACTYLIUES. 
Hypharpax  (Harpalus)  australis,  Dej. 

I  have  recently  taken  near  Sydney  two  male  examples  which 
I  have  no  doubt  are  referable  to  this  species,  of  which  I  had 
previously  seen  only  females.  A  study  of  these  males  shows 
them  to  be  perfectly  distinct  from  Harpalus  inornatus,  Germ., 
although  so  like  it  that  apart  from  the  sexual  characters  there 
might  be  room  for  doubt  whether  the  differences  are  really  specific. 
The  hind  femora  of  these  examples  are  devoid  of  the  tooth  that 
is  found  in  the  males  of  so  many  species  of  Hypharioax,  and  which 
is  very  strongly  developed  in  inornatus,  and  the  hind  tibise  are 
nearly  straight,  the  same  in  inornatus  being  strongly  bent  inward 
near  the  apex.  Apart  from  these  sexual  characters  the  hind 
tarsi  of  these  examples  are  not  quite  so  short  as  those  of  inornatus 
but  I  cannot  specify  any  other  reliable  distinction,  unless  it  be 
that  their  prothorax  is  a  trifle  more  strongly  transverse,  and  with 
hind  angles  a  little  better  defined  than  the  same  in  H.  inornatus. 
According  to  the  Baron  de  Chaudoir's  diagnosis  of  Hypharpax 
(Ann.  Mus.  Gen.,  1878,  p.  496)  its  essential  distinction  from 
Diaphoromerus  consists  in  the  dentate  hind  femora  of  the  male, 
but  it  was  pointed  out  by  Mr.  Bates  in  the  same  year  (Cist.  Ent., 
II.,  320)  that  this  is  not  a  constant  character,  and  in  Trans.  Roy. 
Soc.  S.  A.  (1887,  p.  182)  I  expressed  the  opinion  that  the  true 
character  of  the  genus  consists  in  the  short  hind  tarsi — a  character 


84  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

which  is  well  marked  in  the  Sydney  specimens  before  me,  their 
hind  tarsi  being  very  much  shorter  than  those  of  any  BiajjJwro- 
merus  that  I  have  seen,  and  with  the  basal  joint  not  longer  than 
the  second.  The  female  differs  from  Ef.  inornatus  by  its  straighter 
hind  tibiae  and  slightly  longer  hind  tarsi. 

Hypharpax  obsolktus,  sp.nov. 

Brunneus,  aeneo-  vel  subviride-micans,  labro  mandibulis  palpis 
antennis  pedibus  scutello  et  (nonnullis  exemplis)  marginibus 
lateralibus  flavis ;  prothorace  fortiter  transverso  postice 
quam  antice  vix  latiori,  postice  utrinque  foveolato,  foveolis 
sat  perspicue  punctulatis,  lateribus  modice  rotundatis,  angulis 
posticis  sat  rotundatis,  latitudine  majori  mox  ante  medium 
posita  ;  elytris  subtiliter  striatis,  interstitiis  planis  (postice 
angustioribus  convexis),  3°  longe  ante  apicem  (nonnullis 
exemplis)  punctura  setifera  instructo. 

[Long.  3-3i,  lat.  l|-li  lines. 

Maris  tarsis  anterioribus  4  minus  fortiter  dilatatis  ;  femoribus 
posticis  simplicibus  ;  tibiis  posticis  vix  arcuatis. 

This  species  seems  very  distinct  from  all  previously  described. 
Count  Castlenau  unfortunately  gives  no  information  as  to  the 
sexual  characters  of  the  numerous  Anisodactylides  which  he 
described  under  the  name  Harpalus,  and  de  Chaudoir  has 
certainly,  I  think,  mixed  up  Diaphorovierus  and  Hypharpax  in  the 
utmost  confusion,  so  that  it  is  a  difficult  matter  to  arrive  at 
absolute  certainty,  but  at  any  rate  there  is  no  species  from  W. 
Australia  described  by  either  of  those  authors  which  seems  at  all 
near  the  present  one.  Of  described  species  H.  Deyrollei,  Cast., 
comes  perhaps  nearest  to  it,  but  in  that  the  hind  angles  of  the 
prothorax  are  entirely  rounded  off  (non-existent  in  fact),  whereas 
in  this  insect  though  somewhat  rounded  at  the  apex  they  are  quite 
well-marked,  much  as  in  H.  inornatus,  Germ. 

W.  Australia ;  Yilgarn ;  sent  to  me  by  C.  French,  Esq. 


BY   THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  85 

AMBLYTELIDES  [tribus  (sensu  Lacordairei)  nova]. 

Amblytelus. 

Amhlytehts  is  (as  M.  Lacordaire  says)  a  very  difficult  genus  to 
place,  but  I  cannot  satisfy  myself  that  the  great  French  author 
has  done  well  in  placing  it  in  the  Trigonotomides,  inasmuch  as  its 
mentum  is  not  particularly  feebly  emarginate.  I  have  a  consider- 
able number  of  species  before  me  (including  one  from  Tasmania 
which  is  evidently  the  typical  species),  and  in  all  these,  and  also 
in  Erichson's  figure,  the  meotum  is  not  much  different  from  that 
of  many  Feronides,  but  is  totally  distinct  from  that  of  typical 
Trigonotomides  {e.g.,  Lesticus  or  Abacetus). 

I  think  there  is  no  doubt  tiiat  this  genus  and  some  other  genera 
hitherto  undescribed  allied  to  it  ought  to  be  regarded  as  repre- 
senting a  distinct  "  tribe "  (as  Lacordaire  understood  the  term), 
i.e.,  a  group  of  equal  value  with  that  of  the  Feroniides,  Trigono- 
tomides, &c.  This  group  will  be  characterised  among  the  Carahidoi 
as  follows  : — intermediate  coxal  cavities  closed,  head  furnished 
above  with  two  supra-orbital  setigerous  punctures  and  not  grooved 
beneath  to  receive  the  antennae,  mandibles  with  a  setigerous 
puncture  in  the  groove,  basal  3  joints  of  antennae  glabrous  (4th 
pubescent,  at  least  near  the  apex),  margin  of  the  elytra  interrupted 
at  posterior  3rd  and  having  a  distinct  internal  plica,  terminal  joint 
of  maxillary  palpi  not  springing  obliquely  from  the  preceding  joint. 
I  believe  the  following  character  will  also  prove  to  be  constant : — 
8th  interstice  of  elytra  strongly  plicate-carinate  near  the  apex. 

Besides  Amblytelus  I  think  there  can  hardly  be  a  doubt  that 
Dyscolus  austrcdis,  Er.,  and  D.  dilatatus,  Er.,  will  find  a  place  in 
this  tribe,  indeed  Mr.  Sloane  has  shown  me  a  specimen  said  to  be 
of  the  latter  (alleged  to  have  been  named  by  Mr,  Bates  and  agree- 
ing with  the  description)  which  certainly  is  an  Amblytelus  or 
(more  probably)  of  a  new  genus  very  near  Amblytelus  ;  it  unfortu- 
nately was  badly  broken  in  transmission,  and  is  now  hardly  fit  to 
be  dealt  with. 

Mr.  T.  G.  Sloane  has  sent  me  a  number  of  interesting  species 
allied  to  Amblytelus  (together  with  some  valuable  notes),  and  my 


86  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

own  collection  contains  several   moi'e  also  allied  to  Amhlytelus. 
On  these  I  find  it  necessary  to  form  two  new  genera  characterised 
below.     The  following  tabulation  will  show  how  these  genera  are 
related  : — 
A.   Penultimate  joint  of  tarsi  bilobed. 

B.  Prothorax  with  two  marginal  punctures  on 

either  side  Amhlytelus. 

B.  Prothorax  with  only  one  marginal  puncture 

on  either  side Dystrichothorax. 

A  A.  Penultimate  joint  of  tarsi  not  bilobed Epelyx. 

Amblytelus. 

The  following  is  a  tabulation  of  the  described  species  of 
Amhlytelus.  I  have  placed  A.  vittatus,  Motsch.,  merely  from  the 
description,  as  I  have  not  seen  any  insect  agreeing  with  it.  It 
appea  rs  to  be  a  very  small  species  resembling  A .  curtus,  Fab.,  in 
style  of  markings  but  with  the  testaceous  margin  of  the  elytra 
extremely  narrow. 

A.  Each   elytron  (separately)  bearing   a  pale 
discal  vitta. 
B.  The  pale  vittfe  widely  confluent  in  the 
front  part  of  the  elytra. 
C.  Prothorax  much  narrower  at  base  than 

at  front  margin  sinuatus,  s)).nov. 

CO.  Prothorax    very  little    narrower   at 

base  than  at  front  margin brevis,  sp.nov. 

BB    The  pale  vittae  not  confluent  in  front  i       .        '     ^l       , 

{    vittatics,  Motsch. 

AA.   Elytral   markings  consisting  of  a  large 

common  pale  blotch   discoidalis,  Black b. 

AAA.  Pale  elytral  markings  narrowly  limited 

to  the  suture  and  lateral  margins...  mornatm,  Blackb. 

AAAA.   Elytra    without    distinct    markings 

(size  very  small)    minutus,  Macl. 


BY   THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  87 

Amblytelus  brevis,  sp.nov. 

Quam  A .  curtus,  Er.,  minus  elongatus ;  pallide  rnfo-testaceus, 
elytris  vittis  3  nigris  (mediana  communi  nullo  modo, 
lateralibus  vix,  basin  attingentibus)  postice  conjunctis 
ornatis ;  prothorace  fortiter  transverse,  angulis  posticis 
rotundato-obtusis.  [Long.  4-4|,  lat.  If-lf  lines. 

Smaller  than  A.  curtus,  Er.,  and  a  shorter  and  wider  insect ; 
the  prothorax  is  more  strongly  transverse  and  less  narrowed 
behind  and  is  without  any  trace  of  dark  spots  ;  the  general  colour 
is  decidedly  more  yellow  {i.e.,  less  ferruginous)  and  the  elytra  are 
differently  marked  ;  regarding  the  pale  colour  of  the  elytra  as  the 
ground  tint  the  markings  consist  of  three  dark  vittse  (the  middle 
one  on  the  suture  where  it  commences  considerably  behind  the 
scutellura,  the  others  occupying  about  the  6th  and  7th  interstices 
of  each  elytron,  and  commencing  close  behind  the  base)  which  unite 
behind  and  fill  up  the  whole  apical  quarter  of  the  elytra  with  the 
exception  of  the  margins,  which  remain  of  the  ground  colour. 
The  other  described  species  resembling  this  in  style  of  markings 
is  vittatus,  Motsch.,  (which  inter  alia  is  described  as  an  oblong 
insect,  with  the  di^sc  of  the  prothorax  inf uscate  and  the  yellow 
lateral  margin  of  the  elytra  very  narrow, — in  the  present  s^iecies 
it  occupies  the  whole  of  the  lateral  two  interstices).  I  have  seen 
many  examples  of  this  insect  and  do  not  observe  any  variability. 

S.  Australia  and  Victoria. 

Amblytelus  sinuatus,  sp.nov. 

Ab  A.  brevi  vix  differt  nisi  capite  paullo  majori  et  prothorace 

aliter  formato;  hoc  minus  transverso   postice   quam  antice 

manifesto    angustiori,  lateribus   postice    manifesto    sinuatis, 

basi  tota  sinuatim  rotundata  (nullo  modo  in  medio  lobata). 

[Long.  4^,  lat.  2  lines  (vix). 

This  insect  is  extremely   close  to  the    S.    Australian    species 

described   above,   but  the   differences  seem  to  be  constant.     The 

head  in  A.  sinuatus   is  (independently  of  sex)  distinctly  broader 

and  more  massive,  partly  owing  to  the  eyes  being  evidently  larger 


eO  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTER*, 

and  more  prominent.  The  prothorax  is  distinctly  less  strongly 
(though  nevertheless  strongly)  transverse,  and  is  very  evidently 
more  narrowed  behind  ;  its  sides  are  distinctly  though  slightly  (in 
brevis  not  at  all)  sinuate  immediately  in  front  of  the  base ;  and 
the  base  itself  differs  as  follows : — In  sinuatics  it  runs  as  a 
continuous  curved  (nevertheless  sinuous)  line  from  one  hind  angle 
to  the  other  (the  convexity  of  the  curve  directed  hindward),  and 
there  is  nothing  at  all  like  a  median  lobe  distinguished  from  the 
rest  of  the  base,  while  in  brevis  the  middle  part  of  the  base  forms 
a  very  wide  and  quite  well  defined  lobe. 

N.  S.  Wales  ;  taken  in  the  Blue  Mountains  by  Mr.  T.  G.  Sloane. 

Dystrichothorax,  gen.nov. 

Ab  Amblytelo  differt  prothorace  utrinque  i)unctura  setigera 
singula  solum  instructo,  hoc  ad  angulum  posticum  posito. 

All  the  species  that  I  have  seen  of  this  genus  differ  from  all 
that  I  have  seen  of  Amblytelus  in  their  prothorax  being  much 
wider  behind.  The  subapical  intra-marginal  carina  of  the  elytra 
is  as  in  Amblytelus.  In  the  male  the  front  tarsi  are  but  little 
dilated,  the  basal  3  joints  having  scale-like  papillfe  beneath. 
Amblytelus  amplijjennis,  Macl.,  belongs  to  this  genus. 

D.  BicoLOR,  sp.nov. 

Oblongus  ;  nitidus  ;  testaceus,  elytris  utrinque  vitta  discoidali 
nigricanti  a  basi  retrorsum  gradatim  dilatata,  abdomine  medio 
infuscato;  prothorace  leviter  transversO;  antice  quam  postice 
sat  angustiori,  canaliculato,  transversim  rugato,  utrinque  ad 
basin  late  longitudinaliter  sulcato,  antice  linea  arcuata  trans- 
versa fortiter  impresso,  margine  antico  rotundatim  subpro- 
ducto,  lateribus  subdiaphanis  ab  angulis  anticis  (his  rotun- 
datis)  ad  medium  rotundatim  divergentibus  hinc  ad  basin 
trisinuatam  (vix  sinuatim)  leviter  convergentibus,  angulis 
posticis  rectis ;  elytris  ad  basin  quam  prothoracis  basis  vix 
latioribus,  a  basi  retrorsum  cito  dilatatis  (latitudine  majori 
pone    medium    posita),    puuctulato-striatis,   interstitiis    fere 


BY    THE    REV.   T.  BLACKBURN.  89 

plauis  (3°  puncturis  setiferis  obscuris  notato,  8°  apicem  versus 
plicato-elevato),  angulis  humeralibus  acutis. 

[Long.  3-|-4,  lat.  1-i  lines. 
The  subdiaphanous  lateral  margins  of  the  prothorax  are 
margined  within  by  a  fine  interrupted  black  line,  which  is  pro- 
bably liable  to  be  wanting.  The  setiferous  punctures  of  the  3rd 
elytral  interstice  are  very  inconspicuous  and  difficult  to  discern, 
except  by  their  setpe.  This  species  bears  a  reaiarkable  superficial 
resemblance  to  the  Cistelid,  Apellatus  nodicornis,  Blackb. 
N.S.W,,  Blue  Mountains. 

Dystrichothorax  sloanei,  sp.nov. 

PrfBcedenti  affinis ;  minor ;  totus  rufo-ferrugineus  (elytrorum 
singulorum  disco  toto  plus  minusve  infuscato  excepto) ; 
prothoracis  lateribus  ab  angulis  anticis  usque  ad  basin  rotun- 
datim  nee  sinuatim  divergentibus ;  elytrorum  interstitiis 
paullo  magis  convexis.  [Long.  3-3|,  lat.  li  lines  (vix). 

Of  very  different  superficial  appearance  from  the  preceding 
owing  to  its  different  colouring,  but  otherwise  scarcely  differing 
■except  in  the  few  character.s  specified  above.  The  principal 
difference  lies  in  the  absence  of  sinuation  in  the  sides  of  the  pro- 
thorax  behind  the  middle,  which  makes  the  segment  appear  of  a 
bell-shape  (its  base  being  its  widest  part,  whereas  in  D.  biculor  the 
prothorax  is  distinctly  wider  about  the  middle  than  across  the 
base)  ;  in  both  species  the  subdiaphanous  lateral  margins  become 
gradually  wider  hindward,  but  more  strongly  in  sloanei  than  in 
bicolor. 

N.  S.  Wales;  Richmond  R.;  sent  to  me  by  Mr.  T.  G.  Sloane. 

Dystrichothorax  bipunctatus,  sp.nov. 

Oblongus ;  nitidus  ;  ferrugineus,  capita  obscuriori  ;  prothorace 
quam  longiori  circiter  quarta  parte  latiori,  postice  quam 
antice  paullo  latiori,  canaliculato,  trans versim  rugato,  utrin- 
que  ad  basin  fovea  magna  profunda  (antice  linea  arcuata 
transversa  fortiter)  impresso,  margine  antico  rotundatira 
subproducto,  lateribus  leviter  arcuatis  postice  vix  sinuatis, 


90  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

angulis  jiosticis  subrectis  ;  elytris  subtiliter  (latera  versus  vix 
manifeste)  punctulato-striatis,  ad  basin  qiiam  prothoracis 
basis  vix  latioribus,  a  basi  retroisum  cite  dilatatis,  angulis 
humeralibus  acutis,  interstitiis  plauis  (3°  puncturis  setiferis  2 
notato,  8°  apicem  versus  plicato-elevato). 

[Long.  3|,  lat.  1^  lines. 
Australia ;  exact  habitat  uncertain  ;  taken  by  Mr.  T.  G.  Sloane. 

Dystrichothorax  lividus,  sp.nov. 

Oblongo-ovatus  ;  nitidus ;  livide-brunneus,  nonnullis  exemplis 
ad  latera  dilutioribus ;  capitis  sulcis  frontalibus  elongatis 
profundis ;  prothorace  quam  longiori  fere  tertia  parte  latiori, 
postice  quam  antice  sat  latiori,  canaliculato,  transversim 
rugate,  utrinque  ad  basin  fovea  magna  sat  profunda  (antice 
linea  arcuata  transversa  leviter)  impresso,  margine  antico 
leviter  prominulo,  lateribus  leviter  arcuatis  postice  vix 
sinnatis,  angulis  posticis  subrectis ;  elytris  ad  basin  quam 
prothoracis  basis  vix  latioribus,  a  basi  retrorsum  cito  fortiter 
dilatatis  (latitudine  majori  pone  medium  posita),  subtiliter 
(latera  versus  vix  perspicue,  postice  magis  fortiter)  punctulato- 
striatis,  interstitiis  planis  (3°  puncturis  magnis  subobsoletis 
2  notatis,  8°  apicem  versus  plicato  elevato),  angulis  humerali- 
bus acutis.  [Long.  3i,  lat.  1^  lines. 

N.  S.  Wales;  Richmond  R.;  Mr.  T.  G.  Sloane. 

Dystrichothorax  vicinus,  Sloane  (MS.). 
Nitidus  ;  siibtus  testaceus,  prothorace  capiteque  testaceis,  elytris 
nigris  ad  basin  testaceis  et  utrinque  vitta  testacea  sat  brevi 
ornatis  (vittis  ad  basin  conjunctis)  et  ad  latera  late  testaceo- 
marginatis,  prothorace  subquadrato  antice  quam  postice  fere 
angustiori,  lateribus  postice  vix  subsinuatis,  angulis  posticis 
fere  rectis  subdentifoimibus,  basi  in  medio  late  leviter  lobata; 
elytris  subovalibus  sat  convexis,  striatis,  striis  subtilissime 
punctulatis  (1*  2*  que  ad  basin  confluentibus),  interstitiis  sat 
planis  (3°  apicem  versus  puncturis  2  impressis,  8°  apicem 
versus  plicato-elevato).  [Long.  5|,  lat.  2^  lines. 


BY    THE    REV.   T.  BLACKBURN.  91 

A  very  distinct  species  ;  the  discal  vittse  of  the  elytra  are 
narrow,  scarcely  extend  into  the  apical  ^  of  the  elytra,  and  are 
much  narrowed  behind.  The  insect  has  the  general  appearance 
of  an  Amhlytelus.  The  base  of  the  prothorax  is  very  charac- 
teristic ;  immediately  within  the  hind  angle  on  either  side  it  is 
emarginate  and  the  inner  apex  of  the  emargination  joins  the 
middle  piece  of  the  base  in  a  distinct  angle. 

Victoria ;  Princetown  ;  taken  by  Mr.  T.  G.  Sloane. 
N.B. — Mr.  Sloane's  collection  contains  an  example,  also  from 
Victoria  (Yarragon),  which  I  hesitate  to  regard  as  a  species 
distinct  from  D.  vicinus,  although  it  differs  in  several  respects 
from  the  type  ;  it  is  larger  (long.  6  lines),  the  base  of  the  elytra  is 
not  testaceous  except  where  the  vittse  and  lateral  margins  meet  it, 
the  vittjB  are  longer,  reaching  nearly  to  the  apex,  the  reflexed 
margin  of  the  prothorax  seems  a  little  wider,  and  the  elytra  are 
a  little  more  strongly  punctulate-striate. 

The  following  tabulation  will  assist  in  identifying  the  species  of 
this  genus. 

A.  Elytra  devoid  of  well  defined  pale  discal 
markings. 
B.   Small  species — long.  4  lines  or  less. 
C.   Prothorax    evidently  wider   at    the 
baFe  than  in  the  middle. 
D.  Frontal  sulci  of  head  very  elon- 
gate and  deep lividus,  ap.nov. 

DD.  Frontal  sulci  of  head  normal  ...   sloanei,  sp.nov. 
CC.  Prothorax  not  wider  at  the  base 

than  in  the  middle , hipunctatus,  sp.nov. 

BE.   Of  large  size — long.  5  lines  or  more  amplipennis,  Macl. 
AA.  Elytra   with   well   defined   pale   discal 
markings. 
B    Middle  of  base  of  prothorax  reaching 
hindward    much    further   than    the 

hind  angles vicinus,  Sloane. 

BB.  Base  of  prothorax  very  little  promi- 
nent hindward  in  the  middle bicolor,  sp.nov. 


l  NOTES  0\  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA 

Epelyx,  gen.nov. 

Ab  AmUytelo  differt  tarsorum  articulo  4°  baud  bilobo. 

Maris  tarsis  anticis  leviter  dilatatis  subtus  sparsim  squamuloso- 
papillatis. 

Epelyx  lindensis,  sp.nov. 

Sat  breviter  ovalis ;  nitidus ;  supra  obscure  ferrugineus, 
prothorace  piceo-umbrato,  elytris  (margiuibus  lateralibus  et 
spatio  communi  indeterminato  pone  vel  circa  scutellum 
exceptis)  piceis,  antennis  palpis  pedibus  et  corpore  subtus 
(hoc  plus  minus  piceo-umbrato)  testaceis  ;  prothorace  quam 
longiori  dimidia  parte  latiori,  antice  quam  postice  vix 
angustiori,  canaliculato,  leviter  transversini  rugato,  margine 
antico  emarginato-truncato,  lateribus  raodice  sat  sequaliter 
arcuatis,  angulis  (anticis  sat  rotundatis  hand  productis) 
posticis  rotundato-obtusis,  basi  media  late  vix  lobata  ;  elytris 
ad  basin  quam  prothoracis  basis  parum  latioribus,  conjunctim 
sat  jequaliter  ovalibus,  subtiliter  striatis,  striis  distincte 
punctulatis,  interstitiis  planis  (3°  5°  7°  que  puncturis  setiferis 
seriatim  ornatis,  8°  apicem  versus  plicato-elevato). 

[Long.  3,  lat.  1|  lines, 

S.  xlustralia  ;  near  Port  Lincoln. 

Epelyx  latus,  sp.nov. 

Breviter  late  ovalis ;  sab  nitidus  ;  totus  ferrugineus,  corpore 
subtus  pedibusque  dilutioribus,  elytris  plus  minusve  piceo- 
umbratis  ;  prothorace  quam  longiori  vix  dimidia  parte  latiori, 
antice  quam  postice  vix  angustiori,  canaliculato,  leviter 
transversim  rugato,  margine  antico  sinuato-truncato,  lateribus 
modice  sat  sequaliter  arcuatis,  angulis  (anticis  sat  rotundatis) 
posticis  rotundatim  valde  obtusis,  basi  utrinque  obliqua; 
elytris  prothorace  plus  quam  duplo  latioribus,  leviter  (postice 
magis  fortiter)  striato-punctulatis,  interstitiis  sat  planis,  V 
puncturis  sat  magnis  3  (7°  puncturis  circiter  7)  impresso,  8° 
apicem  versus  jilicato-elevato. 

[Long.  2|,  lat.  \\  lines. 


BY    THE    REV.  T,  BLACKBURN.  93 

A  short  wide  insect  with  the  prothorax  very  small  in  comparison 
of  the  elytra.  Less  darkly  coloured  than  the  preceding,  and  also 
smaller,  with  the  prothorax  not  so  strongly  transverse  and 
differently  shaped  in  the  hinder  part.  In  latus  the  base  on  either 
side  runs  from  the  hind  angle  obliquely  (and  a  little  sinuately) 
hindward  and  inward,  the  oblique  lines  thus  formed  meeting  the 
median  piece  of  the  base  almost  subangularly ;  thus  the  hind  angles 
of  the  prothorax  not  only  are  a  good  deal  rounded  off,  but  are 
formed  by  lines  inclined  to  each  other  at  a  very  obtuse  angle ;  in 
lindensis  the  base  on  either  side  runs  from  the  hind  angle  directly 
inward  and  not  (or  scarcely)  at  all  hindward  until  it  is  slightly 
deflected  hindward  to  form  a  very  feeble  median  lobe  ;  the  hind 
angles  thus  being  formed  by  lines  inclined  to  each  other  at  a  much 
less  obtuse  angle.  In  both  sjjecies  the  actual  junction  of  the  base 
and  sides  is  a  good  deal  rounded  off. 

N.  S.  Wales  ;  Blue  Mountains  ;  taken  by  T.  G.  Sloane,  Esq. 
FERONIIDES. 

Ehytisternus  splendens,  sp.nov. 

Subdepressus ;  sat  parallelus,  niger  elytris  Isete  caeruleo 
iridescentibus,  antennis  palpis  tarsisque  ferrugineis  ;  protho- 
race  vix  transverso,  antice  quam  postice  vix  angustiori, 
antice  sat  fortiter  emarginato,  subobsolete  canaliculato, 
subtiliter  transversim  rugato,  ad  basin  utrinque  foveato  et 
bisulcato  (sulco  interiori  profundo  elongate,  exterior!  brevi 
obscuro),  latitudine  majori  ante  medium  posita,  lateribus 
postice  baud  sinuatis,  angulis  posticis  valde  obtusis  vix 
rotundatis  ;  elytris  fortiter  striatis,  striis  postice  baud  minus 
profundis,  5  in  medio  minus  profunda,  6*  7*  que  antice 
subobsoletis  ;  prosterno  ad  latera  fortiter  rugato;  tarsis 
posticis  externe  sulcatis.  [Long.  6,  lat.  2J  lines. 

The  decidedly  bright  blue  iridescence  of  the  elytra  seems  to  be 
a  good  character  for  this  insect.  R.  cyathodera,  Chaud.,  is  said  to 
be  "  subiridescent "   only,   and  besides  it  is  a  considerably  larger 


■94  NOTES   ON    AUSTRALIAN   COLEOPTERA, 

insect,  and  is  stated  to  have  its  elytra  striated  as  R.  liopleura, 
whereas  the  elytra  of  the  present  species  are  striated  very 
differently,  the  enfeeblement  of  the  striae  5-7  being  limited  to  the 
anterior  part,  so  that  in  more  than  the  apical  ^  part  of  the  elytra 
the  striation  is  nearly  regular  and  even.  Ji.  sulcatipes,  Blackb., 
has  the  slightest  suspicion  of  iridescence,  but  it  also  differs  inter 
alia  in  much  larger  size  and  in  the  very  much  more  extensive 
enfeeblement  of  the  5th-7th  elytral  striae.  I  notice  that  in  this 
species  the  strigosity  of  the  prosternal  episterna  is  exceptionally 
strong,  and  is  even  extended  a  little  on  the  middle  part  of  the 
prosternum. 
Victoria. 

Rhytisternus  cardwellensis,  sp.nov. 

Subdepressus ;  minus  parallelus ;  nitidus  ;  niger,  vix  iridescens 
antennis  palpis  tibiis  ad  basin  summam  tarsisque  rufescentibus; 
prothorace  leviter  transverso,  postice  quam  antice  multo 
angustiori,  antice  parum  emarginato,  canaliculato,  trans- 
versim  subobsolete  rugate,  ad  basin  utrinque  foveato  et 
bisulcato  (sulco  interiori  modice  elongato  exteriori  brevi 
obscuro),  latitudine  majori  paullo  ante  medium  posita, 
lateribus  antice  fortiter  rotundatis  postice  fortiter  sinuatis, 
angulis  posticis  valde  obtusis  nullo  modo  rotundatis ;  elytris 
fortiter  striatis,  striis  postice  baud  minus  profundis,  ^^  leviter 
nee  obsolete  impressa,  6"  subobsoleta,  7*  vix  impressa, 
omnibus  postice  sat  fortiter  impressis ;  prosterno  ad  latera 
minus  fortiter  rngato ;  tarsis  posticis  externe  vix  manifesto 
sulcatis.  [Long.  6|^,  lat.  2|  lines. 

This  species  is  distinguished  from  nearly  all  its  described 
■congeners  by  its  prothorax  being  much  narrower  across  the  base 
than  across  its  front  margin,  and  the  sides  of  the  same  being 
quite  strongly  sinuate  in  their  hinder  part.  It  is  perhaps  nearest 
to  R.  puella,  Chaud.,  but  in  that  species  inter  alia  the  hind  angles 
of  the  prothorax  are  said  to  be  right  angles. 

N.  Queensland ;  Cardwell ;  in  the  collection  of  C.  French,  Esq. 


BY    THE    EEV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  95 

MlCROFERONlA  AoELAIDiE,   Blackb. 

The  minute  Carabid  which  I  described  under  this  name  seems 
to  have  been  wrongly  referred  by  me  to  the  Feronini,  as  I  find 
that  it  has  not  the  oblique  sulcus  traversing  the  elytral  epipleurse 
which  appears  to  be  an  essential  character  of  that  sub-family. 
Removed  from  the  Feronini  it  must  find  its  place,  I  think,  among 
the  Anchomenini,  and  is  probably  related  to  Lestignathus  and 
Lacordairia,  though  it  has  not  much  superficial  resemblance  to 
either  of  them. 

LOXANDRUS. 

The  most  salient  character  of  this  genus  seems  to  consist  in 
the  3rd  interstice  of  the  elytra  having  only  a  single  puncture, 
and  that  placed  slightly  in  front  of  the  middle  of  the  elytra ; 
further  characters  may  be  found  (at  least  for  the  Australian 
species)  in  the  total  absence  of  the  abbreviated  basal  stria  of  the 
elytra,  and  the  exceptionally  conspicuous  puncturation  of  the 
ventral  segments,  which  are  not  transversely  sulcata.  I  am 
unable  to  regard  the  presence  or  absence  of  wings  as  an  essential 
character  (the  Baron  de  Chandoir,  I  observe,  associates  winged 
and  apterous  species  in  Leptojwdus),  as  I  have  before  me  an 
apterous  insect  which  presents  all  the  above  characters,  and  seems 
to  have  no  structural  difference  whatever  from  winged  examples 
of  the  genus,  except  the  absence  of  wings. 

There  is  a  generally  distributed  species  of  this  genus  of  which 
I  have  examples  (apparently  quite  incapable  inter  se  of  specific 
separation),  from  very  widely  divided  localities,  and  which  I 
believe  to  have  been  described  by  the  Count  de  Castelnau  and 
ISir  W.  Macleay  as  Pcecilus  iridescens,  Cast.,  and  Pcecilus  suhiri- 
descens,  Macl.  It  is  a  small  insect  (long.  4-4^  lines)  of  extremely 
brilliant  iridescence,  with  the  parts  of  the  mouth,  the  antennae 
and  the  legs  more  or  less  reddish  or  reddish-brown,  with  the  pro- 
thorax  (by  measurement)  very  slightly  transverse,  punctulate 
behind,  somewhat  quadrate,  its  greatest  width  about  the  middle, 
its  sides  slightly  arched,  its  hind  angles  roundly  obtuse,  and  its 


96  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

front  distinctly  margined  all  across,  and  with  the  striae  of  its 
elytra  strong  and  distinctly  punctulate  and  their  interstices 
somewhat  convex ;  it  is  winged,  and  has  rather  prominent  eyes. 

Besides  this  species,  the  Baron  de  Chaudoir  places  in  Loxandrus 
the  following  three  : — Poecilus  rufilahris.  Cast.,  (from  Queensland), 
which  is  described  as  an  iridescent  insect,  larger  than  iridescens 
(long.  5  lines),  with  reddish-brown  labrum  and  palpi,  black  legs 
and  brown  tarsi,  prothorax  wider  in  front  than  behind  (where  it 
is  punctulate),  and  elytral  striae  strongly  punctulate ;  Poecilus 
gagatinus,  Cast.,  (from  Tasmania),  described  as  a  small  species 
(long.  3|  lines),  entirely  black  ;  and  Poecilus  atrouitens,  Macl., 
(from  Queensland),  which  is  briefly  characterised  as  a  little 
smaller  than  subiridesceris,  with  the  impressions  on  the  head 
feebler  than  in  that  species,  the  elytral  interstices  less  convex,  and 
the  surface  almost  devoid  of  iridescence.  I  have  not  seen  any 
species  that  I  can  identify  with  the  three  just  named. 

Loxandrus  l^vicollis,  sp.nov. 

Alatus;  sat  elongato-ovalis;  nitidus;  niger,  vix  cyaneo-iridescens, 
capite  antice  palpis  antennis  tarsisque  rufescentibus ;  oculis 
sat  fortiter  prominulis ;  prothorace  haud  punctulate,  quam 
longiori  plus  quam  tertia  parte  latiori,  tenuiter  canaliculato, 
utrinque  ad  basin  sulco  elongato  longitudinali  impresso, 
antice  late  leviter  emarginato,  margine  antico  quam  postico 
paullo  latiori,  latitudine  majori  sat  longe  ante  medium 
posita,  lateribus  modice  arcuatis,  angulis  posticis  obtusis  vix 
rotundatis ;  elytris  punctulato-striatis,  striis  latera  versus 
minus  profundis,  stria  abbreviata  scutellari  nulla,  interstitiis 
sat  planis  (3°  ante  medium  punctura  ornato). 

[Long.  4*,  lat.  1|  lines. 

Probably  near  L.  rufilahris,  Cast.,  but  with  the  prothorax 
entirely  devoid  of  puncturation  (except  the  two  marginal 
punctures).  Compared  with  the  species  mentioned  above,  as 
probably  L.  iridescens,  Cast.,  this  insect  inter  alia  has  a  more 
transverse   prothorax,    wider   towards    the    front   and    with   the 


BY   THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  97 

margin  running  along  the  front,  obsolete  in  the  middle,  the  striae 
of  the  elytra  narrower,  but  much  more  conspicuously  punctured, 
the  interstices  considerably  less  convex,  and  the  eyes  more 
prominent. 

S.  Australia  ;  near  Morgan. 

LOXANDRUS    MICANS,  Sp.nOV. 

Apterus ;  sat  elongatus ;  nitidus ;  niger,  cyaneo-iridescens, 
capite  antice  palpis  antennis  tarsisque  picescentibus  ;  oculis 
parum  prominulis  ;  prothorace  postice  sparsissime  punctulato 
leviter  transverso,  tenuiter  canaliculato,  utrinque  ad  basin 
sulco  elongato  longitudinali  impresso,  antice modice  emarginato 
(angulis  anticis  manifeste  prominulis),  hie  quam  ad  basin  sat 
angustiori,  latitudine  majori  paullo  ante  medium  posita, 
lateribus  modice  arcuatis,  angulis  posticis  rotundato-obtusis ; 
elytris  striatis,  striis  1-6  antice  punctulatis,  stria  abbreviata 
scutellari  nulla ;  interstitiis  vix  convexis  (3°  ante  medium 
punctura  ornato).  [Long.  6,  lat.  2^  lines. 

Very  distinct  by  the  absence  of  wings,  as  well  as  by  its  size 
notably  surpassing  that  of  the  previously  described  Australian 
Loxandri.  The  prothorax  is  distinctly  margined  all  across  its 
front ;  the  punctures  at  its  base  are  very  few,  but  well  defined. 

Victoria ;  in  the  collection  of  C.  French,  Esq. 

TRECHIDES. 

Trechus. 

I  have  recently  examined  tlie  tyjies  of  the  species  of  Trechus 
from  Gayndah  described  by  Sir  W.  Macleay  and  which  are  in  the 
Australian  Museum.  I  do  not  feel  sure  that  any  of  them  are  true 
Trechi.  T.  rufilahris  is  a  singular  insect,  for  which  I  do  not  feel 
prepared  to  suggest  a  place.  T.  atriceps  appears  to  be  a  Thenarotes, 
and  T.  ater  a  9  Lecanomerus.  T.  concolor  may  be  a  Trechus  ; 
unfortunately  it  is  a  unique  9. 


V  ,*:'    ^    y-i^y 


98  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

BEMBIDIIDES. 
Bembidium. 

I  have  recently  made  an  examination  of  the  Australian  types 
described  by  Sir  W.  Macleay  as  belonging  to  this  genus.  I  was 
unfortunately  not  able  to  study  them  sufficiently  at  leisure  to 
enable  rae  satisfactorily  to  characterise  new  generic  forms  among 
them,  which  would,  I  think,  be  necessary  in  treating  them  pro- 
perly ;  but  as  Sir  W.  Macleay  in  describing  them  intimated  that 
he  referred  them  to  Bembidium  only  in  a  general  sense,  I  think 
that  I  can  furnish  some  notes  on  them  which  may  prove  useful 
pending  a  more  exhaustive  treatment  of  the  subject. 

One  of  them,  B.  transversicoUe,  appears  to  uie  to  be  a  small 
Harpalid  very  close  to  my  Notophilus  Icetus  (of  which,  however,  I 
had  not  a  specimen  with  me  for  comparison).  The  unique  type  in 
the  Australian  Museum  is  unfortunately  in  very  bad  condition,  so 
that  I  fear  it  will  be  hardly  capable  of  satisfactory  examination. 

The  other  species  are  all,  1  think,  rightly  referred  to  Bembidium 
(using  the  name  in  a  very  general  sense).  I  should  say,  however, 
that  B.  gagatinum  and  Jiavipes  might  properly  be  referred  to  a 
new  genus,  hipartitum.  to  another  new  genus  and  hrunnipenne  to 
still  another. 

The  following  appear  to  be  typical  Bembidia,  viz.,  bipustulatum, 
amplipenne  and  subviride. 

The  rest  of  the  species  are,  I  think,  congeneric  with  Tachys 
Mindersi,  Blackb.,  and  other  species  which  I  have  referred  provi- 
sionally to  Tachys  as  presenting  in  general  the  structural  characters 
of  that  genus,  while  at  the  same  time  their  superficial  resemblance 
to  typical  Bembidia  suggests  the  probability  that  eventually  they 
may  receive  a  distinct  generic  name, 

Bembidium  ocellatum,  Blackb. 
This  species  is  identical  with  B.  subviride,  MacL,  of  which  it 
must  in  future  be  regarded  as  a  synonym.  The  rest  of  the  species 
described  by  Sir  W.  Macleay  as  Bembidia  are  distinct  from  all  T 
have  described  unless  my  Notophilus  lo'tus  should  be  identified 
with  Bembidium  transversicoUe,  Macl. 


BY    THE    KEV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  99 

PALPICORNES. 
Hydrobaticus  tristis,  Macl. 
An  examination  of  the  type  of  this  species  shows  that  it  differs 
from  H.  australis,  Blackb.,  in  having  the  interstices  of  the  elytra 
evidently  convex  behind,  the  alternate  interstices  slightly  more  so 
than  the  others,  and  the  commencement  of  the  posterior  declivity 
a  little  marked,  not  quite  evenly  continuing  the  general  surface. 

Hydrobaticus  luridus,  Macl. 

I  have  inspected  the  type  of  this  insect  and  have  no  doubt  of 
its  being  a  variety  of  H.  tristis.  In  his  description  Sir  W.  Macleay 
says  that  it  differs  from  that  species  only  by  its  smaller  size  and 
pale  lurid  colouring.  I  have  found  a  very  similar  variation  in  H. 
australis. 

LAMELLICORNES. 

DiPHUCEPHALA    SPRETA,  sp.nOV. 

Viridis,  capite  postice  prothoraceque  aureo-micantibus,  antennis 
(clava  picea  excepta)  pedibusque  rufis,  tarsis  apice  picescen- 
tibus  ;  pilis  supra  brevibus  fulvis  subtus  elongatis  albidis 
vestita;  clypeo  (maris)  antice  profunde  arcuatim  exciso,  angulis 
anticis  divergentibus ;  capite  crebre  ruguloso ;  prothorace 
crebre  fortiter  vix  profunde  punctulato  late  leviter  canali- 
culato,  sulcis  transversis  sat  profundis  sulcum  dorsalem  baud 
attingentibus,  lateribus  in  medio  angiilatis,  angulis  posticis 
acute  rectis;  elytris  sat  fortiter  transversim  rugulosis  obsolete 
2-costatis ;  tibiis  anticis  ad  apicem  extus  2-dentatis. 

[Long.  5,  lat.  2i  lines. 

A  large  and  handsome  species ;  the  only  one  yet  recorded,  I 
think,  from  W.  Australia  with  red  legs. 

W.  Australia ;  in  the  collection  of  C.  French,  Esq. 

LiPARETRUS    MAURUS,  .sp.nOV. 

Ovalis  ;  minus  nitidus  ;  piceo-niger,  antennarum  stipite  rufo, 
pedibus  picescentibus  ;  prothoiace  (basi  excepta)  setis  erectis 


100  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

nigris  fimbriate,  corpore  subtus  cinereo-pubescenti ;  capite 
conf ertim  minus  fortiter  prothorace  magis  fortiter  nee  erebre, 
elytris  sat  fortiter  subseriatim,  prepygidio  subtiliter  nee 
erebre,  pygidio  fere  ut  pi'othorax,  punctulatis ;  clypeo  antice 
manifeste  arcuatim  emarginato ;  fronte  late  longitudinaliter 
concavo ;  prothorace  postice  obsolete  eanaliculato ;  elytris 
sat  fortiter  geminato-striatis  ;  tibiis  anticis  extus  obtuse 
3-dentatis  ;  tarsis  validis,  posticorum  articulis  basalibus  2 
sat  sequalibus  ;  antennis  9-articulatis. 

[Long.  3|,  lat.  1^  lines. 
This  species  is  closely  allied  to  L.  concolor,  Er.,  and  L.  collaris, 
Macl.  The  latter  difiers  from  it  inter  alia  by  its  brownish  elytra 
and  more  densely  frilled  prothorax  with  finer  puncturation.  L. 
concolor  is  a  shorter  and  more  ovate  species  with  the  prothoracic 
channel  entire  or  nearly  so,  the  prothoracic  puncturation  much 
coarser,  the  propygidium  much  more  strongly  punctulate,  the 
basal  joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  very  evidently  shorter  than  the  2nd 
joint,  &c.  I  suspect  that  the  specimens  from  N.  S.  Wales  which 
Sir  W.  Macleay  referred  to  L.  concolor  were  examples  of  the 
insect  I  am  describing. 

N.  S.  Wales ;  Blue  Mountains. 

LiPARETRUS    LUGENS,  sp.nov. 

Late  ovalis ;  subnitidus ;  piceo-niger,  antennis  palpis  elytris 
tibiis  tarsisque  obscure  rufescentibus ;  prothorace  basi 
excepta  setis  erectis  brunneis  fimbriate,  corpore  subtus 
cinereo-pubescenti  ;  capite  confertim  minus  fortiter,  pro- 
thorace fortiter  rugulose  confluenter  (fere  ut  L.  salebrosi, 
Macl.),  elytris  sat  fortiter  nee  rugulose  nee  confertim,  prepy- 
gidio vix  fortiter  vix  erebre,  pygidio  sat  fortiter  vix  erebre, 
punctulatis  ;  prothorace  vix  manifeste  canaliculate ;  elytris 
obsolete  geminato-striatis  ;  tibiis  anticis  extus  fortiter  triden- 
tatis ;  tarsorum  posticorum  articulo  2^'  quam  1"^  fere  dimidio 
longiori. 

Maris  clypeo  antice  lato  retiexo-emarginato,  angulis  anticis 
extrorsum    acute    prominentibus ;     fronte    longitudinaliter 


BY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  101 

obtuse  bicarinata ;  tarsorum  aaticorum  articulo  primo  intus 

dilatato. 

Feminse    clypeo   antice  minus   lato   leviter  reflexo-emarginato, 

anguiis   anticis    sat    acutis ;    fronte    obtuse    minus    fortiter 

bicarinata.  [Long.  4,  lat.  2g  lines. 

This   species    belongs   to  the  first  section   (Sir  W.   Macleay's 

arrangement)  of  Liparetrus,  and  is  not  very  closely  allied  to  any 

previously  described  species. 

N.  S.  Wales  ;  taken  by  Mr.  T.  G.  Sloane  near  Albury. 

Liparetrus  Adelaide,  si).nov. 
Ovalis ;  sat  elongatus ;  subnitidus  ;  niger,  palpis  antennis 
(clava  excepta)  elytris  (basi  anguste  nigra  et  nonnullis 
exemplis  lateribus  infuscatis  exceptis)  pedibusque  rufis  ;  supra 
pilis  erectis  pallide  brunneis  sat  dense  vestitus,  corpore  subtus 
pygidio  propygidioque  dense  cinereo-birsutis ;  capite  pro- 
thorace  pygidio  propygidioque  confertim  sat  fortiter  subrugu- 
lose,  elytris  fortiter  minus  crebre,  punctulatis ;  prothorace 
leviter  vel  vix  manifesto  canaliculato  ;  elytris  sat  distincte 
geminato-striatis ;  tibiis  anticis  extus  3-dentatis  ;  tarsorum 
posticorum  articulo  2°  quam  1"^  dimidio  longiori. 
Maris  clypeo  antice  minus  lato,  fortiter  reflexo-emarginato, 
pone  ajjicem  angustato,  anguiis  anticis  extus  sat  acute 
productis ;  tarsorum  anticorum  articulo  basali  intus  anguste 
elongato. 
Feminse  clypeo  antice  angustato  subtruncato,  vix  emarginato. 

[Long.  4-4f ,  lat.  21-2?  lines. 

According  to  description  this  species   must  be  very  near  the 

Queensland  L.  fulvohirtus,  Macl.,  but  is  very  much  larger.     The 

late  Sir  W.  Macleay  compared  an  example  with  the  type  of  his 

species  and  reported  it  "  quite  distinct." 

S.  Australia ;  near  Adelaide. 

SciTON,  gen.uov. 

Generi  Anodontcmyci  affinis;  labri  anguli  nullo  modo  prominuli; 
palpi  maxillares  crassi,  articulo  apicali  breviter  ovali  quam 


102  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

secnndus  vix   longiori,   quam    tertius  vix    dimidio    longiori 

(quam  latiori  vix  duple  longiori)  ;    clypeus  (speciei  typicse) 

antice  abrupte  truncatus.     Antennae  magis  elongate  (speciei 

typicfe  9-articulat8e). 

Anodontonyx,  Shp.,  must  be  very  near  Colohostonia,  Blanch., 

diflfering  inter  alia  by  the  number  of  joints  in  the  antennse.     The 

latter  is  also  no  doubt  near  Sciton,  but  inter  alia  its  maxillary 

palpi    have  their    apical  joint    "  oblongus "    and   the   clypeus   is 

"  rotundatus." 

Having  only  a  single  example  I  have  been  unable  to  dissect  the 
parts  of  the  mouth. 

SCITON    RUBER,   Sp.nOV. 

Sat  elongatus  ;  minus  nitidus  ;  subparallelus  ;  totus  ruber  nisi 
tibiis  obscnrioribus,  antennis  palpisque  dilutioribus ;  supra 
glaber  subvelutinus ;  sternis  pilis  suberectis  subtilibus  spar- 
sim  inconspicue  vestitis ;  segmentis  ventralibus  pedibusque 
setis  sat  robustis  instructis ;  clypeo  obscure  ruguloso,  antice 
late  abrupte  truncato,  lateribus  fortiter  sinuatis  ante  oculos 
baud  dilatatis ;  capite  postice  prothoraceque  vix  manifesto 
punctulatis;  hoc  quam  longiori  fere  duplo  (postice  quam 
antice  paullo  minus)  latiori,  antice  late  marginato,  supra 
sequali,  lateribus  leviter  arcuatis,  margine  antico  sat  profunde 
bisinuatim  emarginato,  basi  bisinuata,  angulis  anticis  acutis 
modice  productis  posticis  rotundatis  (superne  visis  subrectis); 
elytris  sparsim  leviter  punctulatis,  perspicue  striatis,  inter- 
stitiis  alternis  quam  cetera  latioribus  ;  pygidio  nitido, 
longitudinaliter  sulcato,  subtiliter  sat  crebi-e  punctulato ; 
propygidio  (hoc  ab  elytris  hand  plane  obtecto)  pubescenti ; 
corpore  subtus  sat  nitido ;  sternis  sat  crebre  subfortiter 
punctulatis ;  segmentis  ventralibus  sparsius  subtiliter  punc- 
tulatis et  transversim  punctorum  majorum  setiferorum 
seriebus  instructis ;  coxis  posticis  quam  metasternum  parurti 
brevioribus ;  femoribus  latis ;  tibiis  anticis  extus  fortiter  3- 
dentatis;  unguiculis  simplicibus;  antennis  9-articulatis,  stipite 
quam  clava  duplo  longiori,  hujus  laminis  3  subsequalibus. 
S.  Australia.  [Long.  8,  lat.  4  lines. 


BY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  103 

COLPOCHILA   CAMPESTRIS,  Sp.nOV. 

Ovata ;  sat  brevis ;  rubro-ferruginea,  vix  iridescens,  capite 
prothoracequeobscurioribus;  pectorevalde  hirsute;  abdomine 
setoso  ;  capite  confertim  riigulose  confluenter  nee  crasse, 
prothorace  (hoc  subvelutiao)  pygidioque  (hoc  haud  carinato), 
elytris  (his  geminato-striatis)  obscure,  punctulatis ;  antennis 
9-ai-ticulatis ;  tarsorum  posticorum  articulo  2°  quam  basalis 
manifeste  longiori. 

Maris  (exempli  typici)  antennis  carentibus ;  pygidio  apice  late 
sinuato-ti'uncato. 

Feminse  antennarum  clava  5-articulata,  hujus  articulo  2°  quam 
3°  (et  basali  quam  ille)  quarta  parte  breviori ;  pygidio  valde 
gibboso  apice  minus  late  truncato.       [Long.  11-|-,  lat.  6  lines. 

Very  near  the  S.  Australian  C.  fortis,  Blackl).,  from  which  it 
diflPers  by  its  darker  colour,  somewhat  broader  and  more  robust 
build,  less  distinctly  punctured  elytra,  and  the  antennal  characters. 
In  the  female  the  basal  joint  of  the  club  is  not  much  more  than 
half  as  long  as  the  third  joint,  and  the  second  joint  is  about 
intermediate  in  length  between  the  first  and  third,  whereas  in  C. 
fortis  (female)  the  basal  joint  of  the  club  is  scarcely  shorter  than 
the  second,  and  the  second  is  scarcely  shorter  than  the  third. 
The  pygidiura  also  in  C.  campestris  (female)  is  very  much  more 
gibbous  than  in  C.  fortis.  In  the  male  the  pygidium  is  much 
more  widely  and  less  straightly  truncate  at  the  apex  than  in  the 
male  of  G.  foTtis,  and  no  doubt  the  antennal  characters  are 
different.  From  C.  giganteo,,  Burm.,  the  five-jointed  (in  the 
female  and  no  doubt  in  the  male  also)  flabellum  of  the  antennae 
distinguishes  the  present  insect.  In  C.  dubia,  Blackb.,  the 
antenaiB  (female)  are  much  like  those  of  C.  campestris, — the  2nd 
joint  of  the  flabellum,  however,  being  markedly  less  abbreviated, — 
but  the  species  inter  alia  is  considerably  more  strongly  punctulate, 
more  nitid  and  more  elongate.  The  other  species  of  this  group  of 
Colpochila  (large  insects  having  a  sharply  defined  lateral  protho- 
racic  gutter  set  with  long  soft  hairs)  difi'er  still  more  widely.     In 


NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

my  tabulation  of  Colpochila  (P.L.S.N.S.W.,  1890,  pp.  520-2)  this 
species  falls  under  "  FF"  on  p.  521  with  C.  fortis. 

W.  Australia ;  near  Yilgarn  ;  sent  by  C.  French,  Esq. 

Frenchella,  gen.nov. 

Labium  planum;  palporum  labialium  articulusultimus  elongato- 

ovalis ;  maxillse  5-dentatte  ;  palporum  maxillarium  articulus 

ultimus    quam    penultimus    duplo    longior ;    labrum     minus 

crassum,    angulis  fortiter   prominulis ;    antennae    9-(vel.   8  ?) 

articulatse,  clava  3-articulata  quam    stipes    paullo  breviori ; 

pectus  setis  elongatis  sparsim  vestitum  ;    tibise  posticse  (ut 

Colpochilce)  apicem  versus    fortiter   dilatatse ;    tarsi    modice 

elongati ;  unguiculi  simplices ;  elytra  nullo  modo  geminato- 

striata. 

I  am  unable  to  specify  any  character  to  separate  this  genus  from 

Colpochila  (regarded  as  including  Haplonycha)  except  the  absence 

of  any  approach  to  a  geminate  arrangement  of  the  strise  on  the 

elytra.     Nevertheless  the  facies  is  quite  diiferent,  approaching  that 

of  Heteronyx,  and  I  do  not  think  the  species  described  below  could 

with  any  propriety  be  referred  to  Colpochila.     I  do  not  find  any 

distinctive  sexual  characters  among  the  examples  before  me.     The 

genus  Homolotropus,  Macl.,  differs  from   this  intei'   alia   by  its 

geminate-striate    elytra,    Platydesmus,     Macl.,   by    its   depressed 

form,  greatly  developed   antennal  club,  &c.,  Colohostoma  by  the 

apical  joint  of  its  labial  palpi  being  "  crassus."    It  is  most  probable 

that  Haphmycha  striatella,  Blanch.,  ohscuricornis,  Blanch.,   and 

rugosa,  Burm,,  should  be  placed  in  this  genus,  which  I  have  named 

after  C.  French,  Esq.,  the  Victorian  Colonial  Entomologist. 

Frenchella  lubrica,  sp.nov, 

Ovalis ;  convexa ;  pernitida  ;  supra  glabra,  ad  latera  fulvo- 
ciliata  ;  subtus  capillis  fulvis  elongatis  minus  dense  vestita ; 
piceo-nigia,  capite  prothoraceque  vix  rufescentibus  an  tennis 
palpis  et  tarsorum  apice  rufis ;  capite  confertim  sequaliter 
rugulose  punctulato,  clypeo  reflexo  antice  rotundato-truncato, 
sutura  clypeali  distincta  angulata  ;  prothorace  quam  longiori 


BY    THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  105 

plus  quam  dimidio  latiori,  feie  ut  caput  sed  paullo  sparsius 
punctulato,  linea  mediana  Isevi,  basi  bisinuata  quam  apex 
(hoc  modice  emarginato)  dimidio  latiori,  lateribus  postice 
fortiter  rotundatis  antice  siuuatis,  angulis  anticis  acutis, 
posticis  obtusis ;  elytris  crebre  sat  crasse  punctulatis,  trans- 
versim  rugulosis,  leviter  regulariter  striatis,  striis  apicem 
versus  obsoletis ;  tibiis  anticis  extus  3-dentatis ;  antennis 
9-articulatis;  pygidio  crasse  ruguloso,  longitudinaliter  carinato. 

[Long.  6^,  lat.  3 1  lines. 
Of  the  three  species  mentioned  above  as  probably  belonging  to 
this  genus  the  descriptions  are  very  brief,  but  they  all  seem 
distinct  from  this  species  ;  striatella  is  called  "  tota  ferruginea," 
ohscuricornis  has  the  club  of  the  antennae  blackish  and  the  elytra 
iridescent,  while  rugosa  is  said  to  be  dark  brown  with  the  elytra 
paler.  The  uppermost  tooth  on  the  front  tibiae  of  this  insect  is 
small  but  well  defined,  and  is  directed  almost  straight  forward. 
Victoria ;  Swan  Hill ;  taken  by  C.  French,  Esq. 

OCNODUS    LUGUBRIS,  Sp.nOV. 

Piceus,  antennis  palpis  pedibusque   rufescentibus ;  capite  pro- 

thoraceque    crebre,   elytris    minus    crebre,    pygidio   sparsim, 

fortiter    punctulatis  ;     puncturis    in     fundo    plus     minusve 

pallidis  vix  manifeste   setigeris  ( '?  exemplo  typico   abraso)  ; 

elytris  vix  perspicue  3-costatis ;  clypeo  antice  late  rotundato  ; 

tibiis  anticis  extus  obtuse  3-dentatis.     [Long.  4|,  lat.  2  lines. 

The  puncturation  of  the  elytra  (which  tends  a  little  to  run  in 

rows)  and  of  the  pygidium  is  decidedly  coarse,  that  of  the  head 

and  prothorax  less  so,  but  conspicuously  closer.     On  the  elytra 

the   sutural  stria  is  fairly  well-marked,  and  there   is  no  trace  of 

other   strife,  but  an   indication   from  a  certain  point  of  view  of 

three  scarcely  distinct  costee.     The  pygidium  is  strongly  fringed 

with   longish    fulvous    hairs.      The  prothorax  is  decidedly  more 

than  half  again  as  wide  as  long,  strongly  convex  and  even  above, 

the  sides  very  gently  arched,  the  front  (which  is  very  strongly 

bisinuate,  with  sharp  angles)  very  little  narrower  than  the  base, 

the  hind  angles  obtuse  and  somewhat  rounded,  the  base  bisinuately 


106  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

rounded  hindward  (the  middle  part  a  good  deal  produced  hind- 
ward,  but  hardly  distinctly  lobed).  The  interstices  of  the 
punctures  on  the  elytra  are  scarcely  rngulose.  The  SGutellum 
is  moderate  in  size,  and  strongly  transverse. 

W.  Australia,  Roebuck  Bay ;  sent  by  C.  French,  Esq. 

Hbteronyx  merus,  sp.nov. 
Modice  elongatus  ;  minus  convexus ;  postice  vix  dilatatus ;  sat 
nitidns ;  ferruginous  ;  fere  glaber,  capillis  fulvis  sparsim 
fimbriatus  ;  clypeo  confertim  crasse  rugulose,  capite  postice 
crasse  minus  crebre,  prothorace  sparsim  acervatim  minus 
fortiter,  elytris  sat  fortiter  nee  crebre  sublineatim,  pygidio 
sparsim  fortiter,  punctulatis  ;  clypeo  brevi  lato  ante  oculos 
extrorsum  fortiter  producto,  antice  obsolete  angulatim  late 
emarginato ;  prothorace  quam  longiori  fere  duplo  latiori, 
postice  quam  antice  plus  quam  dimidio  latiori,  lateribus 
leviter  arcuatis,  basi  vix  bisinuata,  angulis  anticis  sat  acutis 
sat  producfcis,  posticis  bene  determinatis  obtusis  fere  rectis  ; 
elytris  hie  illic  obscure  striatis,  setis  inconspicuis  fulvis 
sparsim  ornatis  ;  tibiis  anticis  extus  valde  3-dentatis  :  labro 
a  clypeo  obtecto  ;  antennis  9-articulatis ;  coxis  posticis  ad 
lateia  quam  metasternum  sat  brevioribus  quam  segmentum 
ventrale  secundum  sat  longioribus  ;  unguiculis  bifidis. 

[Long.  4|-5*,  lat.  2|-3i  lines. 
I  have  not  seen  any  other  Heteronyx  very  close  to  this  one, 
which  possesses  several  characters  unusual  in  the  genus,  especially 
the  clusters  of  punctures  thinly  scattered  over  the  prothorax  and 
the  peculiar  sculpture  of  the  elytra  consisting  in  fairly  defined 
rows  of  punctures  (here  and  there  appearing  in  a  certain  light  to 
run  in  striae  for  snort  distances)  separated  by  wide  intervals  on 
which  are  here  and  there  little  groups  of  punctures  similar  to 
those  of  the  rows. 

N.  Queensland  ;  sent  by  C.  French,  Esq. 

Heteronyx  arcanus,  sp.nov. 
Modice  elongatus ;  sat    convexus ;   postice    vix   dilatatus ;  sat 
nitidus ;  rufo-piceus,   antennis    palpisque    testaceis ;    capillis 


BY    THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  107 

fill  vis  minus  sparsim  vestitns  ;  capite  crasse  rugulose  crebre, 
prothorace  crassissime  sat  sparsim,  elytris  crebre  crasse 
squamose,  pygidio  subcrebre  minus  fortiter,  punctulatis ; 
clypeo  brevi  lato  ante  oculos  minus  fortiter  extrorsum 
producto,  antice  late  rotundato ;  prothorace  quam  longiori 
(et  postice  quam  antice)  plus  quam  dimidio  latiori,  lateribus 
leviter  arcuatis,  basi  bisinuata,  angulis  anticis  sat  acutis  sat 
productis,  posticis  rectis ;  elytris  haud  striatis,  pustulis 
inconspicuis  setas  erectas  ferentibus  instructis  ;  tibiis  anticis 
extus  sat  fortiter  3-dentatis  ;  labro  a  clypeo  obtecto  ;  antennis 
9-articulatis ;  coxis  posticis  ad  latera  quam  metasternum 
multo  brevioribus,  quam  segraentum  ventrale  secundum 
paullo  longioribus  ;  unguiculis  bitidis. 

[Long.  4^-51  lat.  2J-3  lines. 
N.  Queensland  ;  sent  by  0.  French,  Esq. 

Heteronyx  protervus,  sp.nov. 

Modice  elongatus  ;  sat  convexus  ;  postice  minus  dilatatus  ;  sat 
nitidus  ;  ferrugineus,  antennarum  clava  testacea  ;  pilis  erectis 
fulvis  sparsim  vestitus;  clypeo  crebre  fortiter  rugulose,  capite 
postice  crebre  fortiter  nee  rugulose,  prothorace  insequaliter 
sparsius  sat  fortiter,  elytris  crasse  vix  squamose  vix  crebre, 
pygidio  sparsim  sat  fortiter,  punctulatis  ;  clypeo  brevi  lato 
ante  oculos  extrorsum  fortiter  producto,  antice  rotundato 
(vix  sinuatim) ;  prothorace  quam  longiori  (et  postice  quam 
antice)  plus  quam  dimidio  latiori,  lateribus  vix  arcuatis,  basi 
leviter  bisinuata,  angulis  anticis  leviter  productis  sat  acutis, 
posticis  subrectis  ;  elytris  nuUo  modo  striatis ;  tibiis  anticis 
extus  sat  fortiter  3-dentatis  ;  labro  a  clypeo  obtecto;  antennis 
9-articulatis  ;  coxis  posticis  ad  latera  quam  metasternum  sat 
brevioribus  quam  segmentum  ventrale  secundum  sat  longiori- 
bus ;  unguiculis  bitidis.  [Long.  4^-.'),  lat.  3  lines. 
N.  Queensland  ;  sent  by  C.  French,  Esq. 

N.B. — Since  the  publication  of  my  tabulation  of  the  1st  section 
oi  Heteronyx  (P.L.S.N.S.  W,,  1888,  pp.  1329-1331)  several  addi- 
tional species  have  come  befox'e  me  belonging  to  that  section  and 


108  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

forming  a  group   distinguished   by  the   combination  of  9-jointed 
antennae,  comparatively  short  hind  coxae,  and  very  strongly  bifid 
claws.     This  little  group  seems  to  be  confined  to  Northern  Aus- 
tralia, and   occupies  in  my  tabulation  (loc.  cit.)  lines   10-21   on 
p.   1331.      I  propose  now  to  substitute   the   following  for  the 
contents  of  lines  13-21  in  order  to  include  the  additional  species, 
but  I  regret  that  I  must  drop  H.  corpulentns,  Macl.,  oat  of  this 
revised  table,  as  I  have  not  an  example  of  the  insect  before  me ; 
at  the  time  of  my  drawing  up  the  original  table  I  had  a  type  lent 
me  by  Sir  W.  Macleay  and  since  returned.      From  memory  and 
description,  however,  I  think  it  is  distinguishable   from  all  the 
species  included  in  the  following  table  by  the  character  referred 
to  in  its  name — viz.,  its  short  broad  form  ;    it  is  certainly  not 
identical  with  any  of  them. 
G.  Front    outline    of    clypeus    not    evenly 
rounded  (i.e.,  more  or  less  truncate  or 
sinuous). 
H.  Elytra  evenly  punctulate. 

I.  Uppermost  tooth  on  margin  of  front 

tibiae  well  defined protervus,  Blackb. 

II.  Uppermost    tooth    on    front    tibiae 

almost  obsolete hreviceps,  Blackb. 

HH.  Elytral  punctures  subseriate  and 
with  unpunctureJ  spaces  of  various 
area.  

I.  Clypeus    much    more   closely    punc- 

tured than  forehead  ;    size  mode- 
rate   merus,  Blackb. 

II.  Head  somewhat  evenly  punctured  ; 

size  very  large piceo-niger,  Macl. 

GG.   Front  outline  of  clypeus  quite  evenly 
rounded. 
H.  Punctures    of    prothorax    excessively 

coarse arcamis,  Blackb, 

HH.  Punctures  of  prothorax  very  much 

finer rugosipennis,  Macl. 


BY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  109 

Haplopsis  viridis,  sp.nov. 

Breviter  ovata;  supra  fulvo-,  subtus  griseo-,  pilosa;  minus  nitida ; 
laete  viridis,  corpore  subtus  (et  nonnullis  exemplis  elytris) 
obscuriori ;  capite  prothoraceque  sat  crebre  granulatis  ;  hoc 
fortiter  transverse,  antice  angustato,  lateribus  leviter  arcuatis, 
angulis  anticis  fortiter  productis  posticis  obtusis  ;  elytris 
obscure  rugulosis,  5-lineatim  (plus  minusve  distincte)  longi- 
tudinaliter  convexis,  lineis  glabris  vix  rugulosis ;  tavsorum 
posticorum  articulo  1°  quam  2^^  fere  duplo  breviori. 

Maris  clypeo  latissime  quadratim  producto  antice  late  leviter 
emarginato  antennarum  clava  elongata,  tibiis  anticis  externe 
leviter  3-dentatis. 

FeminjB  clypeo  antice  angustato  vix  emarginato,  antennarum 
clava  brevi,  tibiis  anticis  externe  fortiter  3-dentatis. 

[Long.  3-3f,  lat,  l|-2  lines 

N.  S.  Wales  and  Victoria. 

Byrrhomorpha,  gen.nov. 

Generi    Heteronyci    affinis ;     mentum     concavum ;     palporum 

labialium  articulus  apicalis  piriformis ;  maxillae  5-dentatge  ; 

palporum    maxillarium  articulus  ultimus  quam    penultimus 

plus  quam  duplo  longior ;  labrum  permagnum  supra  clypeum 

sursum  productum  ;  antennae  breves,  Q-articulatse,  clava  brevi 

3-articulata ;    tibiae    posticse    minus    breves    apice    modice 

dilatatae  ;    tarsi  modici ;    unguiculi  simplices ;  corpus  valde 

crassum,    crasse   sculpturatum ;    elytra    sulcatis    sulcis    sub- 

geminatis. 

The  species  of  this  genus  to  a  casual  glance  present  somewhat 

the  appearance  of  Byrrhus ;  this  peculiar  build  in  combination 

with  a  labrum  strongly  elevated  above  the  clypeus  (giving  the 

front  of  the  head  strongly  the  trilobed  appearance  characteristic 

of  certain  species  of  Heteronyx)  and  simple  claws  will,  I  think, 

distinguish  the   genus   from   all    its    allies.       The    mentum    and 

labrum  are  so  related  to  each  other  that  from  a  certain  point  of 

view  they  appear  to  form  a  continuous  surface  which  is  deeply 


110  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

concave  longitudinally.  I  do  not  notice  any  sexual  distinctions 
except  that  the  antennal  club  seems  a  little  elongated  in  the 
examples  I  take  to  be  males. 

Byrrhomorpha  verres,  sp.nov. 

Breviter  ovalis ;  valde  convexa  ;  nitida  ;  fere  glabra ;  atra, 
tarsis  scutelloque  vix  rufescentibus,  antennis  palpisque  rufo- 
testaceis  ;  capite  confettim  crasse  rugulose,  prothorace  con- 
fertim  rugulose  minus  crasse,  elytris  ciasse  in^equaliter  minus 
crebre,  pygidio  subtiliter  confertissime  aspere,  punctulatis ; 
clypeo  autice  sat  fortiter  emarginato  ad  labrum  recipiendum, 
ante  oculos  leviter  extrorsum  dilatato ;  prothorace  quam 
longiori  (et  postice  quam  antice)  vix  tertia  parte  latiori  vix 
manifesto  canaliculate  lateribus  leviter  arcuatis ;  basi  valde 
retrorsum  dilatata,  margine  antico  fortiter  arcuatim  emar- 
ginato, angulis  anticis  acutis  fortiter  productis,  posticis 
rotundato-obtusis  (superne  visis  rectis  et  extrorsum  subpro- 
ductis)  ;  scutello  magno  antice  punctulato;  elytris  insequaliter 
sulcatis,  interstitiis  sat  latis  fortiter  insequaliter  transversim 
rugulosis,  alternis  quam  cetera  irregulai'iter  latioribus ; 
tibiis  anticis  extus  3-dentatis,  dentibus  inferioribus  magnis 
acutis,  tertio  parvo ;  coxis  posticis  quam  segmentum  ventrale 
secundum  vix  longioribus ;  corpore  subtus  pernitido  fortiter 
minus  crebre  punctulato.  [Long.  5,  lat.  3  lines  (vix). 

Viewed  from  the  side  the  labrum  presents  somewhat  the 
appearance  of  a  small  upturned  horn  or  tusk.  The  sculpture  of 
the  elytra  is  different  from  that  of  any  of  the  allied  genera.  The 
elytra  cannot,  I  think,  be  regarded  as  genuinely  geminate-striate, 
and  I  should  place  the  genus  among  those  with  the  elytra  simply 
striate;  but  nevertheless  tlie  irregularity  in  width  of  the  interstices 
(which  might  be  called  uneven  costse)  brings  some  of  the  sulci 
somewhat  into  pairs, — but  this  arrangement  is  rendered  still 
more  irregular  by  some  of  the  wider  interstices  being  in  places 
split  apart  by  uneven  furrows  that  traverse  them  ;  moreover  the 
distinctness  of  this  arrangement  varies  in  different  examples. 
S.  Australia  ;  Poi't  Lincoln  and  elsewhere. 


BY    THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  Ill 

Byrrhomorpha  PONDEROSA,  sp.nov. 

Prsecedenti  valde  affinis  ;  multo  major  ;  prothorace  quam  longiori 
(et  i)ostice  quam  antice)  fere  duplo  latiori,  angulis  posticis 
subrectis  (superne  visis  aciitis  et  fortiter  extrorsum  retror- 
sumque  directis)  ;  elytris  minus  fortiter  sulcatis. 

[Long.  6,  lat,  85  lines. 

W.  Australia;  Yilgarn  ;  sent  by  C.  French,  Esq. 

PSEUDOHETERONYX. 

Heteronyci  affinis  sed  apterus ;  elytra  conglutinata ;  metaster- 

num  breve. 
Huic  generi  Heteronyx  haldiensis,  Bl.ackb.,  tribuendus  est. 

PsEUDOHETERONYX    HELiEOIDES,  Sp.nOV. 

Brevis ;  fortiter  convexus ;  postice  leviter  dilatatus ;  minus 
nitidus ;  supra  fere  glaber  pilis  erectis  fulvis  sparsissime 
vestitus,  subtus  et  in  pedibus  setis  fulvis  minus  sparsim 
vestitus  ;  piceo-niger,  antennis  palpisque  rufis,  illarum  clava 
testacea  ;  clypeo  crebre,  capite  postice  minus  crebre,  protho- 
race sparsim,  pygidio  etiam  magis  sparsim,  leviter  sat  crasse 
punctulatis  ;  elytris  substi'iatis  et  leviter  foveato-rugulosis  ; 
clypeo  antice  sinuato-truncato,  ante  oculos  extrorsum  vix 
perspicue  producto ;  prothorace  quam  longiori  fere  duplo 
(postice  quam  antice  baud  multo  minus)  latiori,  lateribus  a 
basi  antrorsum  arcuatim  convergentibus,  basi  media  sat 
lobata,  angulis  anticis  modice  ]iroductis  sat  acutis,  posticis 
(superne  visis)  obtusis  ;  tibiis  anticis  extus  obtuse  3-dentatis  ; 
labio  a  clypeo  obtecto ;  antennis  9-articulatis  ;  coxis  posticis 
quam  metasternum  (hoc  brevi)  vix  brevioribus,  quam  seg- 
mentum  ventrale  secundum  parum  longioribus  ;  unguiculis 
appendiculatis.  [Long.  5^,  lat.  3^  lines. 

This  species  bears  a  remarkable  resemblance  to  a  Helceid  {e.g., 
Nyctozoihis)  on  a  casual  glance.  The  absence  of  wings  is  a  rare 
character  among  the  Melolonthidce,  and  I  do  not  know  how  it 
escaped  my  notice  when  I  was  describing  P.  baldiensis ;  which, 


112  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

however,  is  much  more  like  a  Heteronyx  superficially  than  is  P. 
helceoides.  The  basal  joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  is  considerably  shorter 
than  {in  P.  baldiensis  about  equal  to)  the  2nd  joint. 

N.  Queensland ;  a  single  example  sent  by  C.  French,  Esq.,  and 
generously  presented  to  me. 

Rhop^ea  soror,  sp.nov. 

Minus  elongata ;  pubescens,  capite  prothoracis  margine  antico 
sternis  (his  densissime)  pygidio  pedibusque  longe  villosis  ; 
rufescens  vel  flavo-brunnens  ;  capite  subcrasse,  prothorace 
confertim  sat  subtiliter,  elytris  dupliciter  (et  crebre  sat  sub- 
tiliter  et  minus  crebre  magis  crasse),  punctulatis ;  prothorace 
quam  longiori  (et  postice  quara  antice)  fere  duplo  latiori, 
lateribus  crenulatis  sat  fortiter  arcuatis,  angulis  posticis 
obtusis  fere  rectis ;  elytris  singulis  apice  manifeste  rotundatis. 
Maris  antennarum  flabello  minus  elongato  7-articulato,  articulo 

3°  intus  producto. 
Feminse  antennarum  flabello  brevi  6-articulato,  articulo  4°  intus 
producto;  tarsis  posticis  brevibus. 

[Long.  10-101  lat.  5^  lines. 
Very  near  R.  heterodactyla,  Germ. ;  the  principal  differences 
that  I  notice  are  as  follows  : — The  flabellum  of  the  antennae  is 
evidently  shorter  (in  heterodaclyla  male  it  is  by  measurement  as 
long  as  the  basal  4  joints  of  the  tarsi  together,  in  this  species 
clearly  less),  the  puncturation  is  throughout  a  trifle  stronger  and 
less  close,  the  prothorax  is  more  narrowed  in  front  with  its  sides 
very  evidently  more  strongly  rounded,  the  elytra  (regarded  indi- 
vidually) are  manifestly  more  rounded  at  the  apex. 

N.  S.  Wales,  near  Tamworth  ;  taken  by  C.  T.  Musson,  Esq. 

Rhop^a  MUSSONi,  sp.nov. 

Minus  elongata  ;  pilus  elongatis  sparsim  (in  capite  sternisque 
sat  dense)  vestita  ;  rufescens  ;  capite  sat  crebre  prothorace 
minus  crebre  subfortiter  punctulatis,  elytris  subcrasse  rugu- 
losis,     pygidio    confertim    subtilius   punctulato  ;    prothorace 


BY    THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  113 

quam  longiori  dimidio  (postice  quam  antice  fere  duplo)  latiori, 

lateribus  crenulatis  modice  arcuatis,  angulis  posticis  rectis  ; 

elytris  singulis  obsolete  2-costatis,  apice  minus  rotundatis. 
Maris  antennaruiu  flabello  elongate  6-articulato,  hnjus  articulo 

priino  quam  ceteri  multo  breviori. 
Feminse  antennarum  flabello  minus  elongato  6-artioulato,  hujus 

articulo  primo  perbrevi.  [Long.  9-10,  lat.  5-5i  lines. 

Differs  from  all  the  previously  described  species  of  Rhopcea  by 
its  much  coarser  sculpture.  The  antennae  come  nearest  to  those 
of  R.  Verreauxi,  but  differ  considerably.  In  Verreauxl  (male)  the 
3rd  joint  of  the  antennae  is  unusually  elongate,  the  4th  is  sharply 
produced  in  a  kind  of  spine  internally  and  the  apical  6  form  a 
very  elongate  flabellura  (all  the  latter  being  subequal  in  length 
except  the  1st,  which  is  a  little  shorter  than  the  rest).  In  Mussoni 
the  3rd  joint  of  the  antennae  is  less  elongated,  the  4th  is  scarcely 
produced  internally,  and  the  apical  6  form  a  flabellum  not  very 
much  different  from  that  of  Veri-eaihxi  except  in  the  1st  of  them 
being  very  much  shorter.  I  have  not  seen  a  female  Verreauxi 
and  therefore  cannot  compare  the  female  of  the  present  species 
with  it. 

N.  S.  Wales,  near  Narrabri ;  taken  by  C.  T.  Musson,  Esq. 

AnOMALA    AUSTRALASIA,   Sp.nov. 

Oblongo-ovalis  :  sat  convexa ;  viridis,  antennis  rufis,  pedibus 
nonnuUis  exemplis  piceis  ;  capite  confertim  subtilius  subru- 
gulose  punctulato  ;  prothorace  fortiter  transverse,  subtiliter 
plus  minusve  distincte  crebre  punctulato,  antice  angustato, 
angulis  posticis  rotundato-obtusis;  elytris  sparsius  subtilissime 
punctulatis,  puncturis  pauUomajoribus  sat  crebre  intermixtis, 
his  hie  illic  obscure  seriatim  in  striis  vix  impressis  positis  ; 
pygidio  magis  fortiter  punctulato  ;  tibiis  anticisextus  apicem 
versus  bidentatis,  et  in  medio  dente  subobsoleto  armatis. 

[Long.  8,  lat.  4|  lines. 

The  only  Australian  Anomala  that  I   can  find   to   have   been 

described    is    fusco-viridis,    H.    and    J.,  which    is   omitted    from 

Masters'  Catalogue.     It  is  differently  coloured  from  the  present 

8 


114  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTEaA, 

insect,  and  inter  alia  is  said  to  have  its  elytra  "  deeply  punctate 
sulcate." 

N.  Territory  of  S.  Australia  ;  also  N.  Queensland. 

MiCROVALGUS. 

This  is  an  extremely  difficult  genus  to  deal  with  ;  it  appears  to 
contain  numerous  Australian  species  so  closely  allied  inter  se  that 
it  is  most  difficult  to  characterise  them  in  such  manner  as  to 
enable  them  to  be  recognised  by  description.  Only  three  have 
been  named, — Lapeyrousei,  G.  &  P.,  (N.S.W.  and  Vict.),  charac- 
terised as  a  dark  brown  species,  with  reddish  elytra  and  tibiae  and 
underside  blackish,  and  the  clypeus  perceptibly  emarginate ; 
nigrinus,  Macl.,  (Queensland),  entirely  black  with  the  clypeus 
rounded  in  front;  and  ca^aneipennis,  Macl.,  (Queensland),  having 
the  head  and  prothorax  black  and  elytra  chestnut,  and  the  clypeus 
truncate  in  front.  Judging  by  the  exaoiples  before  me,  which 
certainly  represent  at  least  several  species,  the  differences  in  the 
outline  of  the  clypeus  are  very  slight.  The  colour  as  a  rule  seems 
somewhat  constant,  I  think  I  know  M.  Lapeyrousei  and  nigrinus  ; 
if  my  identification  is  correct  the  former  is  evidently  larger  than 
the  latter,  and  the  basal  joint  of  its  hind  tarsi  is  longer  in 
proportion  to  the  second  joint.  The  following  species  from  Western 
Australia  is  evidently  distinct  from  any  hitherto  described. 

MiCROVALGUS  YILGARNENSIS,  sp.nov. 

Ferrugineus,  elytris  ad  latera  et  apicem  infuscatis ;  albido- 
squamosus  ;  prothorace  quam  longiori  vix  sexta  parte  latiori, 
angulis  anticis  acutis  valde  productis  fere  spiuiformibus, 
posticis  obtusis,  lateribus  leviter  arcuatis ;  tarsorum  posti- 
corum  articulo  basali  quam  secundus  plus  quam  dimidio 
longiori.  ,  [Long.  1|,  lat.  ^  line. 

An  exceptionally  narrow  species,  coloured  differently  from  those 
previously  described,  and  remarkable  for  the  very  strongly  pro- 
jecting front  angles  of  the  prothorax,  which  (if  the  head  be  in  its 
natural  subvertical  position)  stand  out  free  of  the  body,  and  are 


BY    THE    REV,  T.  BLACKBURN',  115 

conspicuous  to  the  naked  eye,  looking  like  two  horns.     No  other 
species  that  I  have  seen  approaches  this  one  in  this  respect. 
W.  Australia ;  Yilgarn ;  sent  to  me  by  Mr.  C.  French. 

CISTELIDiE. 
Apbllatus  MASTERSi,  Macl. 

I  have  examined  the  type  of  this  insect,  and  have  no  doubt 
whatever  of  its  being  the  female  of  A.  palpalis,  Macl. 

CURCULIONID.^  (BRACHYDERIN.E). 
Prypnus  (?)  SQUAMOSUs,  sp.nov. 

Oblongus  (mas),  magis  latns  (fern.)  ;  niger  squamis,  supra 
griseis  vel  albidis  (nonnuUis  fuscis  maculatim  intermixtis), 
subtus  albidis  nonnullis  fulvis  intermixtis,  vestitus  ;  breviter 
inconspicue  fulvo-setosus  ;  rostro  capite  angustiori  longiori, 
longitudinaliter  bisulcato,  supra  sat  fortiter  arcuato ;  oculis 
sat  magnis,  modice  convexis ;  antennis  modicis,  scapo 
oculorum  marginem  posticum  vix  attingenti;  prothorace 
transverso,  antice  posticeque  truncate,  crebre  tuberculato- 
ruguloso,  canaliculato,  margine  antico  sub  oculos  ciliato ; 
elytris  ad  apicem  singulatim  leviter  acuminatis,  punctulato- 
striatis,  interstitiis  subinsequalibus  alternis  leviter  alternis 
fortiter  convexis,  interstitio  3°  ad  basin  antrorsum  promiuente, 
humeris  reflexis  subprominulis,  sutura  postice  cariniformi. 

[Long.  5-6,  lat.  l|-2,2,  lines. 
In  freshly  coloured  examples,  the  head  and  rostrum  are  densely 
clothed  with  nearly  white  scales,  in  which  a  few  of  a  pale  fuscous 
colour  are  intermingled  (sometimes  in  small  patches),  the  rest  of 
the  upper  surface  being  densely  clothed  with  scales  of  an  obscure 
ashen  hue,  much  interrupted  by  patches  of  fuscous  scales  which 
form  on  the  prothorax  an  ill-defined  central  band  and  some  small 
lateral  spots,  and  on  the  elytra  more  or  less  numerous  ill-defined 
and  small  spots  ;  the  most  conspicuous  marking  is  the  dark  central 
band  of  the  prothorax  ;  the  general  aspect  is  that  of  a  dull  ashy- 
coloured  insect,  with  the  head  and  rostrum  almost  white,  or  at  any 


116  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

rate,  much  and  conspicuously  paler  than  the  rest  of  the  surface. 
A  very  distinct  depression  divides  the  rostrum  from  the  head. 
The  rostrum  would  probably  appear  tri-carinate  if  it  were 
abraded.  There  is  a  short  well-defined  longitudinal  fovea  just 
above  the  base  of  the  rostrum.  The  funicle  of  the  antennae  is 
slightly  longer  than  the  scape.  Its  basal  joint  is  the  longest, 
except  the  2nd,  which  is  half  again  as  long,  3-5  each  half  as  long  as 
2,  and  distinctly  longer  than  wide,  6  and  7  somewhat  longer.  The 
base  of  the  elytra  is  considerably  wider  than  the  base  of  the 
prothorax.  The  sides  of  the  latter  are  gently  and  evenly  rounded. 
The  sides  of  the  elytra  are  somewhat  evenly  arcuate,  very  gently 
in  the  male,  pretty  strongly  in  the  female.  The  metasternum  is 
very  short,  scarcely  longer  than  the  diameter  of  the  middle  coxse, 
and  only  about  f  the  length  of  the  basal  ventral  segment.  The 
prothorax  is  without  ocular  lobes  and  the  rostral  scrobes  are  linear 
and  curved  downward. 

I  have  little  doubt  but  that  this  species  is  closely  allied  to  that 
which  Herr  Faust  has  described  (Deutsch.  Ent.  Zeit.  xxx.  p.  362) 
as  "  Prypnus  (1)  pygmceus."  It  differs  a  little  from  Fryptnus  in 
facies,  owing  to  the  absence  of  well-marked  tubercles  near  the 
apex  of  the  elytra,  the  dense  squamosity  of  the  surface,  and  the 
slightly  uneven  appearance  of  the  elytra  which  seem  to  be  thickly 
furnished  with  slight  scarcely  defined  nodosities  ;  this  appearance 
is  caused,  I  think,  by  the  punctures  in  the  strise  being  deep  and 
coarse,  so  that  the  scales  on  the  intei'stices,  between  each  two  of 
these  punctures,  seem  to  be  slightly  protuberant  above  the  scales 
that  fill  the  punctures  themselves.  It  difiers  also  from  Prypnus 
in  the  presence  of  a  fringe  of  cilia  on  the  front  margin  of  the 
prothorax,  behind  the  eye. 

N.  S.  Wales  ;  Blue  Mountains. 

(OTIORHYNCHIN.^.) 

TiTINIA. 

The  group  of  Australian  Curculionidcs  to  which  this  genus 
belongs,  may  be  characterised  as  Otiorhynchidce  having  the  hind 


BY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN,  117 

corbels  open,  the  claws  free,  and  the  metasternum  evidently  longer 
than  it  is  in  Otiorhi/nchus  and  its  immediate  allies.  They  are 
allied  to  the  European  Phyllohius.  In  this  group  Titinia  seems 
to  be  characterised  sufficiently  (for  distinction  from  the  other 
genera  yet  described  except  Idaspora)  by  the  following  in 
combination  :  prothorax  not  or  scarcely  bisinuate  at  base ;  scape 
of  antennse  strongly  arcuate,  reaching  when  set  back  well  on  the 
prothorax,  but  not  extending  to  the  elytra  ;  funiculus  of  antennae 
7-jointed,  none  of  its  joints  transverse;  scutellum  distinct;  femora 
unarmed  ;  front  coxse  contiguous. 

Between  Idaspora  and  Titinia  the  distinction  seems  very 
uncertain.  Mr.  Pascoe,  the  author  of  both  genera,  at  the  time 
he  characterised  them  supplied  a  tabulation  of  the  differences 
between  them  and  other  genera,  in  which  (E.M.M.,  1869)  he 
distinguishes  them  by  the  club  of  the  antennse  pedunculate  in 
Titinia,  sessile  in  Idaspora.  A  little  later,  however,  he  described 
a  species  as  Titinia  marmorata  (Ann.  Nat.  Hist.  1872),  of  the 
club  of  whose  antennse  he  says,  "  vix  pedunculata,"  at  the  same 
time  adding  a  note  that  Titinia  can  best  be  separated  from 
Idaspora  by  its  rostrum  "  having  no  raised  lines  or  costse  border- 
ing the  scrobes  on  each  side  and  continued  back  nearly  to  the 
eyes."  A  reference  to  the  original  diagnoses  does  not  throw 
much  light  on  the  matter,  as  the  only  tangible  difference  I  find  is 
that  the  scrobes  are  said  to  approximate  above  in  Titinia  and  not 
to  approximate  in  Idaspora,  while  a  note  is  added  after  Idaspora 
to  the  effect  that  it  differs  from  Titinia  in  its  longer  rostrum 
with  the  scrobes  lateral. 

I  have  a  large  number  of  specimens  before  me  which  appear  to 
belong  to  one  or  other  of  these  two  genera,  but  I  cannot  make 
two  genera  of  them.  Tn  fact,  the  distinctness  of  the  raised  lines 
bordering  the  scrobes  varies  in  the  individuals  of  a  species.  If, 
however,  the  scrobes  in  Idaspora  are  strictly  and  entirely  lateral, 
none  of  the  examples  in  question  can  be  referred  to  that  genus, 
so  I  think  it  will  be  well  to  call  them  all  Titinia. 

I  may  observe  that  I  believe  one  of  the  species  before  me  to  be 
Merimnetes   tenuis,  Germar.       It   is    very  common    all   over  S. 


118  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

Australia  and  extremely  variable  both  in  size  and  markings.  One 
variety  agrees  perfectly  with  Germar's  description,  except  in  not 
being  a  Merimnetes,  its  claws  being  free.  It  is  decidedly  a  Titinia, 
showing  no  tendency  towards  the  special  characters  of  Idasjyora, 
In  the  descriptions  following,  the  species  with  the  scrobes  approxi- 
mated above  are  pretty  certainly  Titinia;  those  with  the  scrobes 
less  or  scarcely  approximate  seem  to  hover  between  the  two  genera, 
but  I  really  cannot  see  any  reason  for  separating  them  generically. 

Among  the  species  before  me  is  one  which  I  am  inclined  to 
regard  as  Idaspora  terrea,  Pasc.  It  agrees  in  every  respect  with 
the  description  of  that  insect  except  in  the  scrobes  not  being 
truly  lateral  but  cutting  to  some  extent  into  the  upper  surface  of 
the  rostrum,  though  much  less  so  than  in  others  which  seem  to  be 
true  Titinice.  It  is  extremely  like  some  vars.  of  what  I  regard  as 
Merimnetes  temcis,  Germ.,  but  differs  in  its  scrobes  being  much 
less  approximate  above  and  the  sides  of  the  prothoTax  very 
evidently  less  rounded. 

In  my  collection  are  examples  from  Victoria  of  what  I  have  no 
doubt  is  Merimnetes  uniforinis,  Boh.  It  is  not  unlike  a  Titinia, 
but  may  be  at  once  distinguished  by  its  claws  soldered  together 
except  at  the  extreme  apex. 

Titinia  brevicollis,  sp.nov. 

Picea;    squamis  (subtus  albidis,  supra  obscure  fuscis  his  non- 

nullis    aurantiacis    maculatim    intermixtis)    dense    vestita, 

antennis  pedibusque  obscure  ferrugineis  ;  illarum  clava  f usca  ; 

scrobibus  supra  approximatis  ;  antennarum  funiculi  articulo 

basali  quam  2"^  vix  longiori,  hoc  3°  4°  que  conjunctis  sequali ; 

prothorace   fortiter   transverso   ad  basin    fere   subbisinuato, 

sparsim    manifesto    punctulato,   basi    quam    margo   apicalis 

manifeste  latiori,  lateribus  leviter  arcuatis;  elytris  punctulato- 

striatis.  [Long.  1  ?,  lat.  ^  line. 

The  prothorax  is  distinctly  more  transverse  than  in  any  other 

known  to  me  of  the  genus.     If  the  species  is  not  variable  (my  two 

examples  are  quite  identical),  it  may  be  at  once  distinguished  by 


BY    THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBUR-V.  1  1  9 

the  numerous  small  spots  of  a  golden  colour  sprinkled  over  the 
dark  brown  of  the  elytra.  The  punctures  on  the  prothorax  are 
quite  visible  in  spite  of  the  dense  clothing  of  scales.  Probably 
the  derm  sculpture  of  an  abraded  specimen  would  appear  very 
different.  The  antennal  club  is  distinctly  pedunculate.  The 
elytra  are  devoid  of  distinct  erect  bristles.  The  3rd  joint  of  the 
antennal  funicle  is  notably  longer  than  the  4th. 
W.  Australia ;  taken  by  E.  Meyrick,  Esq. 

TiTINIA    LiETA,  Sp.nOV. 

Picea ;  squamis  (subtus  albis  supra  obscure  fusci.s,  his  nonnuUis 

albis  nonnuUis  f  ulvis  intermixtis)  dense  vestita ;    scrobibus 

supra    approximatis  ;    antennarum    funiculi   articulo   basali 

quam   2"^  sat   longiori,   hoc    sequentibus   2   conjunctis    sub- 

breviori ;    prothorace    vix    transverse,    antice    tubulato,    ad 

basin  fere  subbisinuato,  sparsim  punctulato,  basi  quam  margo 

apicalis  sat  latiori,  lateribus  postice  sat  fortiter  rotundatis ; 

elytris  punctulato -striatis.  [Long.  1|,  lat.  /„  li^^- 

On  the  upper  surface  the  white  scales  clothe  the  cheeks,  the 

portion  of  the  rostrum  between  the  scrobes  form  a  ring  round  the 

eyes,  project  as  extensions  of  the  white  undersurface  on  the  sides 

of  the  prothorax,  clothe  the  scutellum  and  extend  backward  a 

little  along  the  suture,  and  form  a  spot  on  each  shoulder ;  while 

the  fulvous  scales  mingle  with  the  white  ones  round  the  eyes,  form 

two  narrow  lines  diverging  hindward  on  the  prothorax,  and  are 

sprinkled  here  and  there  over  the  elytra  •  the  sides  of  the  latter 

are  irregularly  clothed  with  greyish  scales.      The  antennal  club 

is  scarcely  pedunculate.     The  elytra  bear  some  short  semi-erect 

hair-like  bristles.     The  3rd  joint  of  the  antennal  funicle  is  not 

longer  than  the  4  th. 

Victoria  ;  Alpine  district;  a  single  specimen. 

TiTiNiA  (Idaspora  ?)  eremita,  sp.nov. 

Picea ;  squamis  pallide  griseis  (his  supra  inter  squamas  f uscas 
intermixtis)  dense  vestita,  antennis  (clava  excepta)  tibiis 
tarsisque  obscure  ferrugineis;  scrobibus  parum  approximatis; 


120  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

antennarum  funiculi  articulo  basali  qnam  2"^  multo  longiori, 
hoc  sequentibus  2  conjunctis  manifeste  breviori ;  prothorace 
quam  caput  vix  latiori,  vix  transverse,  ad  basin  fere  truncato> 
sparsim  punctulato,  basi  quam  margo  anticus  baud  latiori, 
lateribus  vix  arcuatis  ;  elytris  punctulato-striatis. 

[Long.  13-21  lat.  |-1  line. 

The  prothorax  having  almost  straight  sides  scarcely  bulges  out 
in  the  middle  enough  to  exceed  the  head  in  width.  The  grey 
scales  (which  are  of  a  leaden  tone)  on  the  upper  surface  form  a 
continuous  stripe  down  the  prothorax,  head  (where  it  is  at  its 
widest),  and  rostrum  and  are  more  or  less  conspicuous  on  (at  least 
the  base  of)  the  elytral  suture  ;  they  also  are  condensed  along  the 
sides  of  the  elytra  and  form  some  irregular  markings  on  its 
general  surface,  which,  however,  are  little  conspicuous  except  in 
very  fresh  examples.  The  antennal  club  is  feebly  pedunculate. 
The  elytra  bear  short  semi-erect  stout  hairs  which  seem  to  be 
wanting  in  all  but  the  freshest  examples.  The  3rd  joint  of  the 
antennal  funicle  is  slightly  longer  than  the  4th. 

S.  Australia  ;  basin  of  Lake  Eyre. 

TiTiNiA  (Idaspora  ?)  bicolor,  sp.nov. 

Piceo-fusca ;  squamis  (subtus  albidis,  supra  fusco-brunneis) 
dense  vestita,  scutello  niveo,  oculis  griseo-circumcinctis  ? 
scrobibus  parum  approxiraatis ;  antennarum  funiculi  articulo 
basali  2°  longitudine  sequali,  hoc  quam  3"^  multo  longiori ; 
prothorace  vix  transverao,  ad  basin  vix  subbisinuato,  sparsim 
obscure  punctulato,  basi  quam  margo  anticus  vix  latiori, 
lateribus  sat  arcuatis  ;  elytris  punctulato-striatis. 

[Long.  2-3,  lat.  l-l-^  lines. 

The  punctures  in  the  prothorax  each  bear  a  little  seta,  like  a 
granule,  and  a  row  of  granule-like  setse  runs  down  each  interstice 
of  the  elytra.  The  white  scales  on  the  scutellum  are  wanting  in 
specimens  at  all  abraded.  The  whitish  scales  of  the  undersurface 
extend  to  the  underside  of  the  femora,  and  in  some  examples  to 


BY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  121 

tlie  extreme  lateral  margin  of  the  elytra.  The  antennal  club  is 
scarcely  pedunculate ;  the  2nd  joint  of  the  funiculus  is  about  as 
long  as  the  3rd  and  4th  together. 

S.  Australia  ;  basin  of  Lake  Eyre. 

The  following  is  a  tabulation  of  distinctions  among  the  species 
of  Titinia  and  Idaspora  so  far  as  they  are  known  to  me.  The 
two  species  that  are  not  known  to  me  are  T.  ignara,  Pasc,  and  T. 
marmorata,  Pasc.  The  colouring  of  these  is  different  from  that 
of  any  species  I  have  seen,  but  I  am  afraid  colour  and  markings 
are  very  little  to  be  relied  upon.  T.  ignara,  however,  is  described 
as  having  its  prothorax  longer  than  wide,  and  if  this  be  correct 
by  measurement,  that  character  will  separate  it  from  all  the 
following.  Of  T.  marmorata  the  author  says  that  the  prothorax 
is  subcylindric,  which  at  once  furnishes  a  distinction  from  all  the 
species  I  have  seen  except  T.  eremita.  The  latter  and  T.  marmo- 
rata are  from  localities  so  far  apart  that  they  seem  unlikely  to  be 
identical,  and  are  very  differently  marked  and  coloured, — e.g.,  T. 
marmorata  having  3  fuscous  vittiB  on  its  prothorax,  which  is  quite 
a  different  style  of  marking  from  that  of  the  prothorax  of  T. 
eremita. 

A.   Rostrum  very  narrow  between  the  scrobes. 
B.  Basal  joint  of  the  funiculus  much  longer 
than  2nd  joint. 

C.   Prothorax  considerably  wider  at  base 

than  at  front  margin Icnta,  Blackb. 

CC.  Base  and  front  margin  of  prothorax 

about  equal  in  width —   tenuis  (Merimnetes),  Germ.  (1). 

BB.   Basal    joint   of   the    funiculus    about 

same  length  as  second  joint hrevicollis,  Blackb. 

AA.  Rostrum   but  little  narrowed    between 
the  scrobes  {Idaspora,  Pasc.?). 

B.   Basal  joint  of  funiculus  scarcely  or  not 
longer  than  2nd  joint. 


122  NOTES    ON    AUSTRALIAN    COLEOPTERA, 

--        C.   Sides  of  prothorax  strongly  rounded 

in  the  middle bicolor,  Blackb. 

CC.  Sides  of  prothorax  lightly  and  evenly 

arcuate terrea,  Pasc? 

BB.   Basal  joint  of  funiculus  much  longer 

than  2nd  joint eremita,  Blackb. 

LEPTOPSIN"^. 

ESMELINA. 

Mr.  Pascoe's  reference  of  this  genus  to  the  Leptopsides  seems  to 
me  very  much  open  to  criticism.  The  absence  of  ocular  lobes 
from  the  prothorax  (not  referred  to  by  Mr.  Pascoe  in  his  diagnosis) 
is  much  more  suggestive  of  the  Br  achy  derides,  nor  are  the  eyes 
(although  certainly  a  little  more  acuminated  beneath  than  those 
of  most  Br  achy  derides  J  very  much  different  from  those  of  some 
species  of  Prypnides  whose  place  among  the  Brachyderides  is  not 
questioned.  Mr.  Pascoe  calls  the  posterior  corbulse  "apertse," 
but  it  seems  to  me  they  are  rather  of  the  form  which  M.  Lacor- 
daire  calls  "  subcavemosse."  I  should  incline  to  refer  the  genus 
to  the  Brachyderides,  where  it  seems  to  me  to  stand  at  no  great 
distance  from  Dermatodes,  and  in  some  respects  to  be  very  near 
Mr,  Pascoe's  genus  Styreus.  I  may  say  that  I  have  examined 
specimens  of  E.  flavo-vittata,  Pasc,  in  the  Macleay  Museum,  said 
to  be  named  on  Mr.  Pascoe's  authority,  and  have  myself  taken  the 
same  species  in  the  Blue  Mountains  (the  original  locality),  and  as 
it  is  an  insect  with  very  characteristic  and  unusual  markings  on 
the  elytra  I  do  not  think  there  is  any  possibility  of  my  identifica- 
tion of  it  being  erroneous. 

In  describing  the  following  new  species  of  Esmelina  I  draw 
attention  to  the  probability  that  it  may  be  Lagostomus  australis, 
Boisd.,  (^Za^og^omw*  was  a  nom-prseocc,  for  which  Dermatodes  was 
substituted).  This  is  little  more  than  a  guess,  founded  on  proba- 
bility arising  from  the  habitat  of  my  insect  and  its  resemblance 
to   Dermatodes.     Dr.    Boisduval's    description    consists    of    eight 


BY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  123 

•words  and  would  fit  scores  of  Australian  Gurculionidce  ;  however, 
this  is  one  that  would  fit,  and  so  I  have  thought  it  well  to  give 
the  name  australis  to  the  present  species,  judging  that  if  it  be  not 
specifically  identical  with  Boisduval's  the  chances  are  strong 
against  its  being  generically  identical. 

EsMELiNA  AUSTRALIS  (1  Lagostonius  austrolis,  Boisd). 

Ovalis;  nigro-picea ;  confertiiu  squamis  brunneis  albidisque 
intermixtis  vestita,  et  setulis  brevissimis  suberectis  crebre 
obsita ;  antennis  subferrugineis ;  capite  prothoraceque 
crebre  puuctulatis  et  rugulosis  ;  hoc  supra  sequali ;  elytris 
seriatim  punctulatis,  puncturis  sat  magnis,  interstitiis  planis. 

[Long.  4-4 1,  lat.  13-2  lines. 
The  male  is  evidently  narrower  and  smaller  than  the  female. 
The  whole  sculpture  is  completely  buried  in  squamosity  except 
the  central  carina  of  the  rostrum  and  the  rows  of  punctures  on 
the  elytra.  The  semi-erect  setae  are  minute  and  need  looking  for. 
Closely  examined  the  vestiture  seems  to  be  a  ground  of  brown 
scales  on  which  whitish  scales  are  very  thickly  and  evenly 
sprinkled,  but  in  some  lights  there  appears  to  be  a  slight  coppery 
gloss,  which  is  most  conspicuous  on  the  head  and  undersurface. 
The  scales  on  the  middle  part  of  the  femora  are  almost  black. 
The  piothorax  has  no  trace  whatever  of  a  central  carina  or  furrow, 
but  in  some  examples  there  is  a  very  feeble  transverse  impression 
near  the  front  margin.  It  is  probable  that  the  elytra  of  an 
abraded  example  would  be  found  to  be  striated,  but  in  a  fresh 
example  the  elytral  sculpture  consists  simply  of  lines  of  extremely 
conspicuous  (and  moderately  large)  punctures.  I  regret  that  I 
have  not  a  spare  specimen  from  which  to  remove  the  scales  in 
order  to  describe  the  underlying  sculpture  more  definitely.  The 
rugulosity  of  the  prothorax  seems  to  be  somewhat  coarse  on  a 
small  space  which  I  have  denuded  of  scales.  Differs  from  E. 
flavo-vittata,  Pasc,  chiefly  by  its  colour  and  markings  and  by  the 
front  of  its  elytra  less  strongly  reflexed,  especially  near  the 
shoulder. 

N.  S.  Wales ;  Blue  Mountains. 


124  NOTES    ON   AUSTRALIAN    COLEOPTERA, 

(AMYCTERIN^.) 

CUBICORHYNCHUS  MUSSONI,  Sp.nOV. 

Ovalis ;    confertim    piceo-squamosus ;    piceo-niger,    elytris    ad 

latera  et  pedibus  maculatira  albido-squamosis  ;  nigro-setosus  ; 

cristis  in  capite  sat  elongatis  retrorsum  inclinatis  ;  tuberculis 

frontalibus  nnllis ;  prothorace    confertim  granuloso  ;  elytris 

obscure  punctulato-striatis,    interstitiis  planis  alternis  quam 

cetera  paullo  latioribus.  [Long.  6,  lat.  2§  lines. 

A  somewhat  longer  and    more    oval    species  than  most  of  its 

congeners ;  this   character,   together  with  the  black  colour  of  its 

setae,  the  very  close  granulation  of  its  prothorax,  and  the  absence  of 

frontal  tubercles  will  distinguish  it.     The   form  of  the  crests  on 

the  head  also  is  peculiar  ;  their  external  outline  evenly  continues 

bindward  the  external  outline  of  the  rostrum  almost  to  the  length 

of  half  the  rostrum.     Probably  nearest  to  C.  jnceo-setosus,  Macl., 

which,  however,  is  described  as  having  its  prothorax  canaliculate 

down  the  middle  and  subtuberculate  on   the  sides.     This  is  the 

only  Cubicorhynchus  known  to  me  in  which  the  prothorax  is  not 

at  all  canaliculate. 

N.  S.  ^Yales;   taken  by  C.  T.  Musson,  Esq.,  F.L.S.,  near  Tam- 
worth 

DiALEPTOPUS  APPROXIMATUS,  Sp.nOV. 

(J  Angustus ;  nigricans,  obscure  subvittatim  plumbeo-argenteo 
squamosus,  tuberculis  pedibusque  rufescentibus ;  rostro  quam 
caput  longiori,  leviter  bicarinato ;  prothorace  apice  hand 
bilobo ;  elytris  prothorace  parum  latioribus  seriatim  foveatis, 
biseriatim  tuberculatis,  seriei  externse  tuberculis  4  magnis 
conicis  internse  6  vel  7  (anterioribus  minoribus),  trans 
processus  humerales  quam  trans  prothoracem  sat  angustio- 
ribus ;  tarsis  valde  elongatis,  posticorum  articulo  2°  quam  1"^ 
vix  breviori ;  antennax'um  scapo  quam  tarsorum  anticorum 
articulus  4"^^  vix  breviori,  funiculi  articulis  basalibus  2 
manifeste  elongatis.  [Long.  7,  lat.  2\  lines, 


BY    THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  125 

Near  D.  sepidioides,  Pasc,  and  differing  from  it  by  its  longer 
tarsi  (the  2nd  joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  scarcely  shorter  than  the 
1st),  the  very  much  feebler  carinse  of  the  rostrum,  and  the  larger 
and  differently  arranged  tubercles  of  the  elytra  ;  in  the  outer  row 
the  tubercle  nearest  the  base  is  much  larger  than  either  the  1st 
or  2nd  in  the  same  sex  of  sepidioides,  and  is  placed  slightly  further 
back  than  the  1st  is  in  that  species.  The  apical  ventral  segment 
is  transversely  sulcate  near  its  hinder  margin,  the  sulcation  being 
not  very  sharply  defined  and  being  extended  forward  a  little  in 
the  middle. 

W.  Australia ;  near  York  ;  sent  to  me  by  C.  French,  Esq. 

Opetiopteryx,  gen.nov. 

Caput  sequale  ;    rostrum   breve  crassissimum  a  capite  vix  dis- 

tinctum ;   mentum  profunde  in  cavitate  immersum  ;  scrobes 

antice    positse,    ab    oculis    longe    remotse,   leviter    arcuatse ; 

antennarum    brevium    scapus    oculum    vix   attingens ;     hie 

rotundatus  sat  parvus  a  prothorace  liber ;  prothorax  asqualis 

antice  bisinuatus,  postice  truncatus,  in  medio  canaliculatus, 

utrinque  leviter  arcuatus,  lobis  ocularibus  distinctis;  scutellum 

minutum  ;  elytra  aequalia,  ovalia,  apice  singulatim  acuminata, 

humeris  hand  prominulis ;   tibite  sat  rectae,  apice  (pi"8esertim 

anteriores    4)   introrsum    acuminato-dilatatis ;    tarsi    breves 

sat  paralleli,  articulis  basalibus  3  fortiter  transversis  subtus 

tomentosis. 

The  insect  for  which  I  propose  this  name  is  one  of   the  most 

perplexing  Gurculionidce  I  have  met  with ;  its  head  and  rostrum 

(including    the    mouth  organs  as  far  as   they  can   be  examined 

without    dissection)    are    extremely    like   those   of   Sclerorhinus, 

except  that  the  upper  surface  of  the  rostrum  is  very  evidently 

narrowed  forward  and  is  only  obsoletely  concave  longitudinally, 

and  has  a  very  feeble  carina  down  its  middle,  at  the  hind  end 

of  which  is  a  small  fovea,  while  the  scrobes  are  extremely  short, 

being  separated  from  the  eyes  by  a  very  long  interval,  and  the 

scape  of  the  antennae  when  laid  back  scarcely  reaches  the  eyes. 

The  funiculus  of  the  antennae  is  scarcely  longer  than  the  scape, 


126  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

and  the  club  is  nearly  as  long  as  the  last  3  joints  of  the  funiculus 
together.  The  joints  of  the  funiculus  scarcely  differ  inter  se,  save 
in  the  basal  joint  being  a  little  stouter  than  the  rest.  The  tarsi 
are  very  short  and  parallel  (the  3rd  joint  scarcely  wider  than 
either  of  the  preceding)  and  are  tomentose  on  their  under  surface. 
The  metasternum  is  longer  than  in  most  of  the  Amycterince,  being 
about  as  it  is  in  some  of  the  Cylindrorhinince.  The  basal  two 
ventral  segments  are  elongate,  the  3rd  and  4th  together  a  trifle 
shorter  than  the  2nd,  and  longer  than  the  5th.  The  whole  surface 
is  entirely  devoid  of  the  tubercles  and  spines  so  characteristic 
of  the  Amycterinoi. 

I  am  in  some  doubt  as  to  the  sub-family  in  which  this  remark- 
able species  should  be  placed.  Its  very  short  and  extremely 
robust  rostrum,  with  the  mentum  deeply  sunk  in  the  buccal 
cavity  is  so  characteristic  of  an  Amycferid  that  I  have  given  that 
character  the  preference  in  determining  its  place.  But  the 
metasternum  is  certainly  inconsistently  long,  and  the  tomentosity 
of  the  underside  of  the  tarsi  (which  latter,  however,  is  found  in 
Melanegis),  and  the  absence  of  tubercles,  &c.,  perhaps  point  to 
Bothynorhyyichus  as  a  nearer  ally.  The  latter  genus  I  have  not 
seen,  but  according  to  description  the  present  insect  could  certainly 
not  be  referred  to  it  as  it  differs  inter  alia  from  Bothynorhynchus 
by  the  short  scape  of  its  antennae  and  the  strong  ocular  lobes  of 
its  prothorax.  It  may  be  observed,  however,  that  Bothynorhynchus 
itself  is  regarded  by  Schonherr  as  being  very  near  the  Aviycterince, 
and  is  differentiated  by  Lacordaire  only  by  the  tomentosity  of 
the  undersurface  of  the  tarsi, — which  character  loses  its  value  by 
its  presence  in  Melanegis  (not  known  to  Lacordaire), — apparently 
in  all  other  respects  a  perfectly  typical  Amycterid. 

Opetiopteryx  frigida,  sp.nov, 

Ovalis  ;  picea,  squamis  pallide  viridibus  variegata ;  his  corpus 
femoraque  subtus  dense  vestientibus,  rostrum  antice  margin- 
antibus,  et  vittas  2  in  prothorace  et  in  elytris  maculas  basales 
nonnullas  vittamque  lateralem  marginalem  formantibus ; 
corpore  supra   sparsim   obscure  punctulato,  puncturis  setas 


BY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  127 

minutas    rubras    ferentibus ;    eljtris    leviter    striatis,    striis 
puncturis  sat  magnis  instructis,  interstitiis  subconvexis. 

[Long.  5-51   lat.  2-2^  lines. 
In  treating    of    the   genus  I   have    mentioned  the  characters 
sufficiently  at    length    to    render   a   further    specific    description 
unnecessary. 

Victoria  ;     Alpine  district ;  under  a  stone  near  the  summit  of 
one  of  the  higher  mountains. 

(RH  YPAROSOMIN^. ) 
Dysostines  glaber,  sp.no v. 

Nitidus  ;  glaber  (antennis  pedibusque  setosis  exceptis) ;  niger- 
rimus,  antennis  rufo-picescentihus ;  maris  prothorac  e  quam 
elytra  vix  angustiori,  his  fere  a  basi  retrorsum  angustatis  ; 
feminse  prothorace  quam  elytra  sat  angustiori,  his  late  ovali- 
bus ;  rostro  quam  ad  apicem  latiori  fere  duplo  longiori,  supra 
arcuato  vix  manifeste  carinato,  dupliciter  minus  punctulato; 
capite  inter  oculos  longitudinaliter  foveato,  dupliciter  (postice 
sat  crebre)punctulato;  antennarura  funiculi  articulis  basalibus 
2  sat  elongatis  ceteris  moniliformibus  ;  prothorace  subgloboso, 
postice  quam  antice  latiori,  subtilissirae  canaliculato,  sparsira 
fortiter  punctulato  (puncturis  nonnullis  parvis  intermixtis)  ; 
scutello  minuto ;  elytris  fortiter  punctulato-striatis,  inter- 
stitiis sparsim  punctulatis,  humeris  subprominulis  lateribus 
mox  pone  basin  dilatatis ;  pedibus  valde  robustis,  tibiis 
anterioribus  4  intus  dente  magno  obtuso  armatis  et  infra 
denticulatis  et  ad  apicem  valde  arcuatis  (posticis  maris  intus 
longe  ciliatis),  posticis  maris  ante  apicem  intus  subito  angus- 
tatis et  ad  apicem  fortiter  introrsum  curvatis  et  calcare  valido 
armatis,  feminse  ad  apicem  dilatatis  ;  prosterno  inter  coxas 
anticas  quam  antennarum  clava  baud  angustiori ;  segmento 
basali  ventrali  (maris)  late  concavo  subinsequali,  feminse  vix 
concavo  subinaequali. 

Variat  prothorace  rufo.  [Long.  3-3|,  lat  lyVll  ^i^^s 


128  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

The  male  characters  vary  somewhat  in  development.  In  some 
examples  the  teeth  on  the  inner  side  of  the  tibiae  are  much  larger 
than  in  others.  The  long  cilia  on  the  tibiae  are,  I  suppose,  easily- 
rubbed  off,  as  in  some  examples  they  are  wanting,  while  in  one 
male  (the  other  sexual  characters  of  which  are  very  feeble)  they 
are  present  even  on  the  intermediate  tibise. 

Victoria  ;  this  very  fine  and  distinct  species  is  not  uncommon 
under  stones  at  an  elevation  of  about  6000  feet  above  the  sea  on 
the  Alpine  range. 

Dysostines  advena,  sp.nov. 

Subopacus ;  setis  suberectis  sparsim  vestitus ;  piceo-niger, 
antennis  coxis  femorum  basi  tibiarum  basi  apiceque  tarsisque 
plus  minusve  rufescentibus  vel  testaceis  ;  supra  squamis  piceis 
brunneisque  intermixtis  confertim  vestitus ;  maris  elytris 
quam  prothorax  vix  latioribus  antice  sat  parallelis  apicem 
versus  fortiter  angustatis  ;  feminae  elytris  quam  prothorax 
sat  latioribus  postice  minus  angustatis  ;  rostro  quam  ad  apicem 
latiori  sesqui  longiori,  supra  arcuato,  confertim  punctulato, 
carinato  ;  prothorace  vix  transverso,  canaliculato  (canali  sub 
squamas  abdito)  pone  apicem  transversim  impresso,  vermicu- 
lato-rnguloso,  postice  quam  antice  vix  latiori,  lateribus  fortiter 
rotundatis;  scutello  vix  manifesto;  elytris  leviter  striatis,striis 
puncturis  subquadratis  sat  magnis  instructis,  interstitiis 
alternis  quam  cetera  magis  elevatis,  humeris  vix  prominulis  ; 
pedibus  sat  robustis,  maris  tibiis  posticis  intus  angulatim 
dilatatis ;  coxis  anticis  contiguis  ;  maris  segmento  ventrali 
basali  longitudinaliter  concavo,  in  medio  postice  transversim 
prominenti ;  antennarum  funiculi  articulis  basalibus  2  sat 
elongatis,  ceteris  brevibus.  [Long.  1|,  lat.  ^-^'g  line. 

In  fresh  specimens  the  sculpture  is  almost  entirely  concealed  by 
a  dense  covering  of  scales.  This  is  an  inconspicuous-looking  little 
species;  the  contiguous  front  coxse  seem  inconsistent  with  its  being  a 
Dysostines,  but  I  can  find  no  other  structural  peculiarity  whatever, 
and  in  the  species  originally  attributed  to  the  genus  by  its  author 


BY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  129 

(Mr,  Pascoe)  the  coxae  vary  from  being  "  remote  "  to  "  approxi- 
mate." This  is  the  smallest  species  yet  described  of  the  genus. 
It  has  a  certain  superficial  resemblance  to  a  very  small  Poly- 
phrades.  One  of  my  examples  (probably  immature)  is  of  a  rufo- 
testaceous  colour. 

Victoria ;  Alpine  district. 

(CYLINDRORHININ^. ) 

Centyres  sinuatus,  sp.nov. 

Ovatus  ;  piceus,  squamis  griseis  vel  silaceis  vel  cinereis  confer- 
tim  vestitus,  antennis  plus  minusve  rufescentibus ;  his  sat 
elongatis,  scapo  prothoracem  fere  attingenti,  funiculi  articulis 
basalibus  2  elongatis  (2'*quam  1"^  fere  longiori  quam  S"'^  fere 
duplo  longiori,  ceteris  inter  se  fere  sequalibus  quam  3"^  parum 
brevioribus) ;  rostro  obsolete  longitudinaliter  carinato ; 
prothorace  quam  longiori  fere  sesqui  latiori,  antice  quam 
postice  sat  angustiori;  vix  manifesto  canaliculato,  obscni'e 
ruguloso,  lateiibus  modice  rotundatis  ;  scutello  minutissimo  ; 
elytris  basi  quam  prothoracis  basis  parum  latioribus  (maris 
ovalibus  quam  prothorax  parum,  feminfe  ovatis  quam  pro- 
thorax  multo,  latioribus)  subtiliter  striatis,  striis  sat  fortiter 
minus  confertim  puuctulatis  (externis  postice  valde  siuuatis), 
interstitiis  leviter  convexis,  sutura  postice  sat  fortiter  carinata; 
segmento  ventrali  2°  quam  3*"^  parum  longiori,  maris  segmento 
basali  longitudinaliter  leviter  concavo. 

[Long.  31-4,  lat.  Ig-lf  lines. 
The  punctures  in  the  strise  each  bear  a  small  scale,  as  in  the 
previously  described  species  of  the  genus.  The  present  insect 
agrees  well  with  Mr.  Pascoe's  generic  diagnosis  except  that 
segments  2-4  of  the  abdomen  are  not  quite  exactly  equal  inter  se, 
the  2nd  segment  being  slightly  longer  than  either  of  tlie  next  two, 
but  very  much  shorter  than  the  two  together.  The  strong  sinua- 
tion  (behind  the  middle)  of  some  of  the  elytral  striae  (especially 
the  3rd  and  4th)  is  a  very  marked  character,  as  also  the  strongly 
cariniform  elevation  of  the  suture  behind.  The  rostrum  is  very 
9 


130  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLKOPTERA, 

little  shorter  than  the  protliorax  ;  its  scrobes  gradually  disappear 
considerabiy  in  front  of  the  eyes.     The  ocular  lobes  ^re  feeble  and 
very  low  down  on  the  sides  of  the  prothorax 
Victoria ;  Alpine  district. 

(GONIPTERIN.E.) 

GONTPTERUS    RUFUS,  Sp.nOV. 

Rufus,  antennarum  clava  infuscata,  supra  squainis  minutis 
pallidis  sparsim  obscure  (snbtus  sat  dense  squamulis  albidis 
piliformibus)  vestitus  ;  rostro  quam  caput  vix  longiori 
carinulis  nonnullis  obscuris  longitudinaliter  instructo,  crebre 
subtilius  rugulose  punctulato  ;  capite  inter  oculos  impresso, 
quam  rostrum  paullo  magis  fortiter  punctulato  ;  prothorace 
subconico  fortiter  rugulose  punctulato ;  scutello  elongato- 
triangulari;  elytris  sequaliter  punctulato-striatis,  ])uncturis 
sat  magnis  subquadratis,  interstitio  3°  antice  fortiter  (5° 
minus  fortiter)  tuberculiformi,  humeris  extroisum  sat  promi- 
nentibus,  tuberculo  post  humerali  valido  acuto. 

[Long.  4,  lat.  2  lines  (vix). 
The  almost  uniform  red  colour  of  this  species  will  distinguish 
it  from  nearly  all  previously  described  of  the  genus  ;  the  legs  and 
front  part  of  the  elytra  are  a  trifle  brighter  than  the  other  parts, 
and  the  prothorax  is  slightly  the  most  obscure  part.  The  punctu- 
ration  of  the  elytra  scarcely  differs  from  that  of  G.  suturalis,  Gyll. 
The  post-humeral  tubercle  is  strongly  developed  and  more  acute 
than  usual  in  the  genus.  As  with  many  of  its  congeners,  the 
anterior  tuberosity  of  the  3rd  and  5th  interstices  is  more  marked 
in  some  examples  than  in  others.  The  5th  interstice  is  more  or 
less  feebly  callous  near  the  apex.  The  3rd  joint  of  the  antennae 
is  something  less  than  twice  as  long  as  the  2nd. 

I  may  add  that  a  near  ally  of  this  species  has  been  taken  in 
Tasmania  by   Mr.   J.  J.    Walker,  R.N.,  but  this  latter  appears 
distinct,  having  the   prothorax   evidently  less  coarsely  rugulose, 
and  the  post-humeral  tubercle  shorter  and  blunter. 
Victoria;  Alpine  district. 


BY    THE    REV.   T.   BLACKBURN.  131 


(ATERPIN^. 


Medicasta. 

According  to  Mr.  Pascoe's  tabulation  of  genera  of  Aterpincn 
{Journ.  L.  Soc,  1871),  Medicasta  differs  from  Ethemaia  by  its 
parallel-sided  tarsi.  On  reference  to  the  diagnosis  of  the  former 
no  comparison  with  Ethemaia  is  found  there  beyond  a  remark 
that  the  two  genera  are  obviously  related  to  each  other, — but  the 
eye  being  covered  above  by  its  orbit  (mentioned  in  the  diagnosis) 
is  evidently  a  distinctive  character.  Some  years  later  Mr.  Pascoe 
published  the  name  of  another  allied  genus, — Hyphceria, — which 
he  characterised  far  too  briefly,  merely  remarking  "  characters  as 
in  Ethemaia,  but  3rd  tarsal  joint  not  bilobed " ;  and  in  the 
description  of  the  species,  he  says  that  the  sides  of  the  head 
project  slightly  over  the  eye.  Hence  Medicasta  and  Hyphif.ria 
must  be  very  close  to  each  other  and  have  not  been  distinguished 
inter  se.  There  is,  therefore,  a  doubt  incapable  of  determination 
whether  the  following  species  is  a  Medicasta  or  a  Ilyphceria,  but 
it  agrees  with  the  diagnosis  of  the  former,  except  that  the  sides 
of  the  head  are  not  dilated  so  as  to  cover  the  eyes  more  than 
partially ;  the  eyes  nevertheless  are  but  little  prominent. 

Medicasta  lugubris,  sp.nov. 

Oblonga ;  piceo-nigra ;  antennarum  scapo  basi  curvato  quam 
funiculus  parura  breviori,  hujus  articulo  basali  sat  crasso 
parum  elongato,  2°  multo  graciliori  vix  breviori,  ceteris  panllo 
brevioribus ;  rostro  quam  caput  vix  breviori  huic  (oculis 
exceptis)  latitudine  fere  sequali,  quam  antennarum  scapi 
longitudo  vix  angustiori,  supra  longitudinaliter  4-sulcato, 
sulcorum  interstitiis  elevatis  (interstitio  mediano  minus 
fortiter),  carinis  ita  formatis  abrupte  ad  rostri  basin  desinen- 
tibus  ;  prothorace  subcylindrico  vix  transverso,  antice  leviter 
constricto,  supra  insequali,  crasse  nee  crebre  rugulose  punctu- 
lato,  antice  quam  postice  paullo  angustiori,  basi  bisinuata  ; 
elytris  leviter  striatis,  striis  sat  crasse  nee  crebre  punctulatis, 


132  NOTES    ON    AUSTRALIAN    COLEOPTERA, 

interstitiis     antice     convexis,    dorse     carinis    tuberculisque 
insequali.  [Long.  3J,  lat.  1^  lines. 

The  inequalities  on  the  elytra  are  very  intricate.  At  the  base 
of  the  posterior  declivity  is  a  large  transverse  tubercle  on  each 
elytron,  the  two  tubercles  almost  meeting  on  the  suture ;  the  hind 
face  of  these  tubercles  bears  some  black  scales,  and  from  the 
external  end  of  each  tubercle  a  carina  runs  back  to  the  apex,  the 
whole  space  between  the  carinas  being  elevated  and  the  carinas 
themselves  being  tuberculated,  their  tubercles  bearing  some  black 
scales.  Between  each  of  these  carinas  and  the  external  margin  is 
a  tubercle  which  is  the  apical  one  of  a  series  of  4  on  the  5th 
interstice.  The  3rd  interstice  bears  two  large  tubercles  (one  at, 
the  other  a  little  in  front  of,  the  middle)  which  are  connected  by 
oblique  wavy  carinas,  with  the  corresponding  tubercles  on  the  5th 
interstice.  The  7th  interstice  is  cariniform  in  almost  all  its 
length.  Most  of  the  elevations  are  more  or  less  clothed  with 
black  scales  (where  they  are  absent  probably  my  example  is 
abraded). 

Victoria ;  Alpine  district. 

Aterpus  raucus,  sp.nov. 

Ab  A.  tuberculato,  Gyll.,  difFert  statura  minori,  antennis  multo 
magis  gracilibus,  capite  crebre  crasse  ruguloso,  pedibus  rufis. 

[Long.  7,  lat.  3  lines. 

Differs  from  all  the  previously  described  Aterpi  of  the  tuber- 
cidatus-group  by  the  coarse  rough  riignlosifcy  of  its  head,  which 
scarcely  differs  from  that  of  the  front  part  of  the  prothorax. 
Apart  from  the  characters  mentioned  above,  and  its  smaller  size, 
I  do  not  find  any  difference  between  this  species  and  A.  tuber- 
culatus. 

N.  S.  Wales ;  Blue  Mountains. 

Aterpus  abruptus,  sp.nov. 

Ab  A.  tuberculato,  Gryll.,  differt  rostro  supra  longitudinaliter 
minus  convexo  vix  tarn  fortiter  canaliculato ;  prothorace 
minus  crebre  minus  grosse  granulato,  spatio  mediano  (hand 


BY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  133 

granulate)    antice  latiori    nee    parallelo    hand   vel   vix  pone 
medium  prothoracis  retroisum  manifesto,  elytds  postice  valde 
perpendiculari,  sutura  ad  partis  declivis  basin  magis  fortiter 
magis  abrupte  tuberculato-carinata. 
Maris  tibiis  anticis  sat  elongatis  sat  gracilibus  eequaliter  sub- 

fortiter  curvatis. 
Feminse  tibiis  anticis  minus  elongatis  minus  gracilibus  subrectis 
vel  potius  intus  vix  bisinuatis.  [Long.  7-8,  lat.  2|-3  lines. 

Another  member  of  the  group  of  which  A.  triberculatus,  Gyll., 
may  be  considered  the  type,  and  scarcely  differing  from  that 
species  except  in  its  smaller  size  and  in  the  characters  specified 
above.  The  front  tibiae  of  the  only  sex  I  possess  of  A.  tuherculatus 
(the  male,  I  believe)  are  unlike  those  of  either  sex  of  this  species, 
being  straight  on  the  external  margin,  and  having  the  internal 
margin  rather  deeply  concave  in  its  apical  half.  The  prothorax 
is  not  at  all  canaliculate,  but  its  whole  surface  is  evenly  convex 
except  that  it  has  a  light  transverse  depression  immediately  behind 
the  front  margin ;  the  tubercles,  however,  with  which  its  general 
surface  is  clothed  much  as  in  A.  tuherculatus,  are  wanting  on  a 
small  vaguely  defined  space  occupying  the  front  half  of  the  middle 
line.  The  scutellum  is  conspicuously  clothed  with  white  scales. 
The  most  striking  character  of  the  species  is  the  extreme  abruptness 
of  the  apical  declivity  of  the  elytra.  If  the  insect  be  regaided 
from  the  side  it  is  seen  that  the  apex  of  the  elytra  does  not 
protrude  hindward  at  all  further  than  does  the  summit  of  the 
apical  declivity,  and  the  hind  outline  of  the  elytra  [i.e.,  the  line 
(as  viewed  from  the  side)  connecting  the  summit  of  the  apical 
declivity  and  the  apex  itself]  appears  concave.  The  tuberculation 
of  the  elytra  is  variable,  in  some  male  examples  being  almost 
exactly  as  in  A.  tuherculatus,  while  in  others  and  in  most  females 
it  is  feebler  and  tending  to  run  into  interrupted  costae.  In  very 
fresh  examples  the  squamosity  looks  like  a  dusty  brown  indu- 
mentum and  renders  the  surface  opaque,  while  abraded  specimens 
have  a  subnitid  appearance.  From  A.  horrens,  Gyll.,  this  species 
differs  inter  alia  by  its  non-canaliculate  prothorax,  from  seriatus, 
Boisd.,   (which    has   elytra   considerably,   though    less   abruptly. 


134  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

declivous  behind)  by  its  differently  shaped  front  tibiae,  differently 
sculptured  prothorax,  &c.,  from  A.  rubus,  Er.,  by  its  non-cristate 
prothorax,  «fec. 

S.  Australia. 

Pelororhinus  proximus,  sp.nov. 

Sat  elongatus  ;  piceus  vel  nigro-piceus  supra  squamis  subar- 
genteis  et  nonnullis  fere  croceis  plus  minusve  vittatim  vestitus, 
corpore  subttis  fere  toto  albido-squamoso  pedibus  rufe- 
scentibus ;  prothorace  quara  latiori  nonnihil  longiori,  lobis 
ocularibus  baud  plane  nullis,  elytris  punctulato-striatis  ; 
rostro  supra  longitudinaliter  leviter  sat  sequaliter  arcuato ; 
antennarum  funiculi  articulo  basali  quam  2"*  feie  sesqui 
longiori ;  oculis  quam  P.  argentosi,  Gyll.,  sat  minoribus. 

[Long.  5:^-6,  lat  If -2  lines. 
The  scales  on  the  Pelororhini  are  so  easily  rubbed  off,  and  it  is 
so  seldom  that  specimens  can  be  obtained  which  are  not  more  or 
less  abraded  that  it  seems  almost  useless  to  give  an  exact  account 
of  the  patterns  formed  by  the  scales  on  the  elytra.  In  the  present 
species  the  head  and  prothorax  are  marked  almost  as  in  P. 
argentosiis,  and  the  scales  on  the  elytra  form  a  pattern  similar  to 
that  in  the  same  insect.  Biit  the  scales  forming  the  pattern-have 
a  much  less  silvery  tone, — in  some  examples  they  are  to  a  con- 
siderable extent  of  a  saffron  or  fawn  colour,  and  the  pattern  is 
(in  the  examples  before  me)  much  less  shar]>ly  defined.  The 
decided  tendency  of  the  silvery  scales  on  the  elytra  to  run  in 
vittce  seems,  however,  to  be  distinctive  of  argentosus  and  the  present 
species.  Placed  beside  an  example  of  P.  ai-gentosus  the  present 
species  differs  as  follows, — the  eyes  are  smaller  and  more  widely 
separated  (I  am  not  absolutely  certain  that  this  may  not  be 
sexual),  the  2nd  joint  of  the  antennal  funicle  is  evidently  shorter, 
the  rostrum  is  a  little  longer  and  narrower,  and  the  lower  part  of 
the  front  margin  of  the  prothorax  (viewed  from  the  side)  is 
slightly  convex 'in  a  forwai'd  direction,  as  though  tending  towards 
being  an  ocular  lobe.  The  whole  insect,  moreover,  is  a  little  less 
elongate  and   especially  a  little  less  acuminate  towards  the  apex. 


BY    THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  135 

P.  margaritaceas,  Er.,  inter  alia  has  the  basal  joint  of  the  antennal 
funicle  louger  in  proportion  to  the  2nd  joint.  P.  angustatus, 
Fahrs.,  inter  alia  is  very  distinctively  and  differently  marked  with 
silvery  scales.  P.  pusio,  Sch.,  is  a  much  smaller  insect,  variegated 
■with  black,  white  and  ferruginous  markings.  P.  sparsus,  Germ., 
is  only  doubtfully  distinct  from  P.  mactdosus,  Fahrs.,  which  inter 
alia  is  very  different  in  respect  of  its  rostrum. 
Victoria. 

Pelororhinus  crassus,  sp.nov. 

Minus  elongatus ;  piceus  plus  minusve  rufescens,  supra  squamis 
argeiiteo-niveis  et  nonnullis  obscure  griseis  maculatim 
vestitus,  corpore  subtus  fere  toto  albido-squamoso  ;  prothorace 
quam  latiori  vix  longiori,  lobis  ocularibus  nullis ;  elytris 
punctulato-striatis  ;  rostro  supra  longitudinaliter  fortiter  vix 
sequaliter  arcuato,  minus  brevi  ;  antennarum  funiculi  articulo 
basali  quam  2**^  fere  sesqui  longiori;  oculis  quam  P.  argentosi, 
Gyll.,  pauUo  minoribus.  [Long.  6-7,  lat.  2-2|  lines. 

The  scale-pattern  on  the  head  and  prothorax  is  almost  as  in 
P.argentosus  ;  on  the  elytra  it  is  very  different,  having  no  tendency 
to  run  in  vittse  ;  it  may  be  best  described  by  reganling  the  silvery- 
white  scales  as  forming  the  ground  ;  this  ground  is  interrupted  by 
the  rows  of  denuded  spots  or  granules  usual  in  the  genus,  and 
which  are  less  closely  placed  in  this  species  than  in  most  others  ; 
there  are  also  two  obscure  fascia-like  spots  on  each  elytron  (one  a 
little  in  front  of,  the  oihey  a  little  behind,  the  middle)  on  which 
the  scales  are  much  less  close  than  on  the  rest  of  the  surface  and 
are  of  a  pale  fuscous  tone  of  colour  ;  the  whole  of  these  markings, 
however,  are  clearly  defined  only  in  very  fresh  specimens.  The 
most  distinctive  character  seems  to  consist  in  the  form  of  the 
rostrum. 

Rhinaria  caliginosa,  Pasc. 

There  does  not  seem  to  be  much  doubt  that  this  species  is  either 
R.  rugosa,  Boisd.,  or  B.  excavata,  Boisd.,  and  it  appears  to  me 
very  probable  that  they  are  two  names  for  one  species.  Between 
Boisduval's  descriptions  of  the  two  I  lind  no  difference  excejjt  that 


136  NOTES  OX  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

in  that  of  R.  excavata  the  prothorax  is  said  to  be  "  medio  postice- 
que  subinflatus,"  while  in  the  other  it  is  described  as  "  medio 
subincrassatus,"  and  that  R.  excavata  is  said  to  be  a  little  larger 
than  ruyosa.  I  have  before  me  a  short  series  taken  in  New  South 
Wales  (some  at  least  of  them  from  near  Bombala, — the  habitat 
assigned  to  B.  caliginosa)  which  I  cannot  regai'd  as  representing 
more  than  one  species,  and  which  seem  as  if  they  might  include 
all  the  above-named  forms.  I  feel  no  doubt  whatever  as  to  their 
being  caliginosa ;  some  of  them  have  the  sides  of  the  prothorax 
a  little  sinuate  behind  the  middle,  which  gives  the  base  a  slight 
prominence  on  either  side  that  may  be  referred  to  in  the  expression 
"  postice  subinflatus,"  but  I  do  not  regard  it  as  a  specific  character, 
for  its  conspicuousness  seems  to  depend  on  whether  the  prothorax 
is  quite  in  its  natural  position  in  respect  of  the  elytra.  Tn 
extremely  fresh  and  bright  specimens  the  squamosity  of  the  elytra 
renders  the  sculpture  apparently  much  less  pronounced  than  it  is 
seen  to  be  in  more  or  less  abraded  ones.  The  robust  incrassation 
of  the  middle  of  the  femora  seems  to  distinguish  this  insect  from 
many  of  its  congeners,  and  the  less  prominence  of  its  eyes  from 
others.  If  R.  excavata,  Boisd.,  be  really  distinct  from  R.  rugosa, 
Boisd.,  it  becomes  a  question  whether  it  is  not  the  same  thing  as 
R.  foveipennis,  Pasc,  as  there  seems  nothing  inconsistent  with 
such  a  supposition  except  that  in  that  case  Boisduval  has  in  his 
brief  description  omitted  to  mention  that  the  alternate  elytral 
interstices  are  more  elevated  than  the  others, —an  important 
omission,  no  doubt,  but  quite  Boisduvallian. 

Rhinaria  tibialis,  sp.nov. 

Picea  ;  squamis  nigris  aliisque  cinereis  (setulis  suberectis  inter- 
mixtis)  dense  vestita ;  squamis  cinereis  in  prothorace  triline- 
atim  condensatis,  in  elytris  confuse  marmoratim  dispersis, 
corporis  subtus  fere  superficiem  totam  vestientibus  ;  capite 
crista  bifida  (hac  squamis  pallidis  densis  vestita)  antice  instruc- 
to  ;  rostro  nigro  nitido,  puncturis  elongatis  sparsim  adsperso, 
supra  a  basi  longe  ultra  medium  carina  longitudinali  mediana 
instrncto,  parte  antica  tertia  concava ;  prothorace  quam  ad 


BY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  137 

Wasin  latiori  vix  longiori,  supra  sat  fortiter  minus  crebre 
ruguloso  vix  distincte  granulate,  lateribus  a  basi  ad  medium 
leviter  divergentibus  delude  fortiter  rotundatim  convergenti- 
bus,  margine  antico  sat  angusto  sat  fortiter  rotundato- 
producto  ;  scutello  dense  albo-squamoso  ;  elytris  a  basi 
retrorsum  leviter  angustatis,  leviter  striatis,  striis  puncturis 
ocellatis  raodicis  minus  crebre  notatis,  interstitiis  modice 
convexis  sat  sequalibus,  humeris  rotundatis  extrorsum  sub- 
prominulis  ;  tibiis  anticis  intus  ante  apicem  fortiter  rotundato- 
emarginatis;  extus  ad  apicem  dilatatis;  antennarum  funiculi 
articulo  2°  quam  1"^  sat  breviori,  3'°  sequali. 

[Long.  3|-4l,  lat.  l|-2  lines. 
In  a  fresh,  biightly  marked  specimen  the  three  pale  lines  on 
the  pvothorax  are  sharply  defined  and  the  elytra  are  very 
conspicuously  mottled  with  blackish  brown  and  ashy  scales, — the 
blackish  scales  predominating  round  the  scutellum  and  about  the 
middle  of  the  lateral  portions,  and  in  other  parts  being  very 
evenly  mixed  in  small  patches  with  the  ashy  scales.  But  the 
markings  cannot  be  at  all  relied  upon  as  a  character,  as  in  most 
examples  they  are  very  indistinct,  the  surface  being  nearly  black 
with  some  obscure  ashy  shadings,  or  even  of  a  uniform  dusty 
brown,  as  though  covered  with  an  indumentum.  The  best 
character,  I  think,  lies  in  the  form  of  the  front  tibiae,  which  are 
short  and  stout,  evidently  widening  from  the  base  to  below  the 
middle,  and  then  roundly  scooped  out  on  the  inner  side  between 
the  point  and  the  apex  in  such  fashion  that  the  inner  margin 
immediately  below  the  middle  appears  almost  like  a  very  blunt 
tooth  ;  this  chai^acter  at  once  separates  this  species  from  the  others 
known  to  me  of  the  genus  {e.g.,  cristata,  Kirby,  granulosa,  Fahrs., 
myrrhata,  Pasc).  The  nearest  ally  of  R.  tibialis  is,  I  think, 
cristata,  Kirby.  Compared  with  that  species  the  present  one 
ditfers  chiefly  by  the  crest  of  its  head,  considerably  smaller  and 
especially  less  prominent  at  its  vertex,  though  of  similar  shape 
and  squamosity,  by  its  rostrum  very  evidently  narrower  and 
more  parallel  (though  otherwise  very  similar),  by  its  differently 
shaped  front  tibiae,  and  by  the  absence  of  a  short  nitid  carina  on 


138  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

the  central  line  of  the  prothorax.  I  find  this  latter  character 
constant  in  the  species  which  I  have  no  doui>t  is  cristata,  Kirby. 
I  believe  the  following  characters  in  corabinatioa  will  distinguish 
this  species  from  all  the  other  Rhinarice  at  all  resembling  it  in 
size  and  general  appearance  ; — rostrum  convex  and  strongly  keeled 
above  (except  close  to  its  apex),  head  with  a  strongly  prominent  and 
densely  scaly  bifid  crest,  elytral  interstices  equal  inter  se,  front 
tibise  strongly  and  roundly  emarginate  immediately  before  the 
apex  of  the  inner  margin.  /?.  maculosa,  Fahrs.,  is  perhaps  a  little 
near  this  species,  but  inter  alia  its  rostrum  is  rugulose,  flattened 
above  and  subsulcate,  and  the  shoulders  of  its  elytra  are  more 
square.  R.  variegata,  Boisd.,  is  said  to  be  identical  with  maculosa, 
Fahrs. 

Victoria  ;  Alpine  district ;  on  young  shoots  of  Eucalyptus. 

Rhinaria  debilis,  sp.nov. 

Elongata  ;  piceo-nigra,  supra  squamis  piceis  vestita,  inter  has 
squamis  pallidis  plagiatim  (et  setulis  suberectis)  intermixtis  ; 
subtus  dense  jjallide  squamosa  ;  capite  bi-verrucosa  verrucis 
infra  conjunctis  ;  rostro  nigro  lato,  longitudinaliter  excavato, 
excavationis  parallelse  fun  do  piano  antice  caiinis  2  arcuatis 
brevibus  instructo,  latei-ibus  fortiter  cariniformibus ;  pro- 
thorace  parum  transverse,  sat  fortiter  nee  crehre  granulato, 
antice  transversim  impresso,  lateribus  sat  fortiter  rotundatis, 
margine  antico  sat  fortiter  rotundato-producto  quam  basis 
angustiori  ;  elytris  late  leviter  sulcatis,  sulcis  foveis  parvis 
nee  crebris  seriatim  instructis,  interstitiis  angustis  minus 
fortiter  (prsesertim  alternis)  elevatis  setis  pallidis  elongatis  et 
granulis  sat  parvis  ornatis,  humeris  rotundatis  vix  extrorsum 
productis ;  tibiis  anticis  iatis  compressis  intus  leviter 
bisinuntis,  apice  intus  leviter  (extus  nullo  modo)  dilatatis  ; 
antennaj-um  funiculi  articulo  2"  quam  1"^  paiuni  breviori. 

[Long.  5,  lat  1|  lines. 

I  have  little  doubt  that  this  species  is  as  variable  as  most  of  its 

congeners  in  respect  of  the  colours  and  arrangement  of,  the  scales 

clothing  its  upper  surface ;  in  the  example  before  me  the  general 


BY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  139 

colour  is  black,  and  there  are  a  number  of  spots  caused  by  little 
patches  of  cinereous  or  brown  scales,  two  or  three  on  the  pro- 
thorax,  one  on  each  shoulder  (the  scutellura  is  densely  clothed 
with  pale  scales),  and  a  number  scattered  irregularly  over  the 
elytra.  The  most  conspicuous  character  is  perhaps  the  wideness 
of  the  strise  on  the  elytra  and  the  consequent  narrowness  of  the 
interstices,  but  this  species  is  also  readily  distinguishable  by  its 
wide  rostrum,  the  upper  surface  of  wlrich  is  concave  in  its  whole 
length,  the  floor  of  the  concavity  being  almost  perfectly  parallel  and 
flat,  and  furnished  in  its  front  part  with  two  conspicuous,  short, 
curved  carinse,  placed  longitudinally  side  by  side  ;  and  by  the 
shape  of  its  front  tibise,  of  which  the  apex  is  not  in  the  least 
dilated  externally. 

This  species  is  allied  to  one  occurring  near  Melbourne  (Mr. 
French  tells  me  it  is  mischievous  on  strawberry  plants)  which  T 
take  to  be  E.  perdix,  Pasc,  but  differs  from  it  (apart  from 
markings)  inter  alia  by  the  much  more  parallel  sides  of  the 
concave  part  of  the  rostrum,  as  well  as  by  the  2ncl  joint  of  the 
antennal  funiculus  no'^t  much  shorter  than  the  first. 

Victoria  :  Alpine  district. 

(HYLOBIIN.^.1 
Orthorhinus  bicolor,  sp.nov. 

Oblongus  ;  piceoferrugineoque-variegatus  ;  dense  squamis  nigris 
et  nonnuUis  albis  nonnuUis  ferrugineis  vestitus,  squamis 
in  elytris  fasciam  latam  nigram  postmedianam  antice  postice- 
que  albo-mai'ginatam  formantibus  ;  rostro  sat  valido  pro- 
thorace  vix  breviori  punctulato  et  longitudinaliter  plus 
minusve  strigato  ;  antennis  (clava  picea  excepta)  plus 
minusve  ferrugineis,  funiculi  articulo  basali  quam  2-5  con- 
juncti  vix  breviori ;  capite  sat  aequaliter  convexo  crebre  nee 
crasse  vuguloso,  oculis  minus  approximatis  minus  crasse 
granulatis  ;  prothorace  sat  transverse,  antice  tubulato,  a  ■ 
basi  ultra  medium  leviter  pariim  arcuatiiu  angustato,  obscure 
minus  crebre  granulato,  in  medio  cariua  longitudinali  brevi 


140  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

instructo  ;    elytris  snlcatis,  sulcis  vix  manifeste  punctulatis, 

interstitiis  granulis  sat  parvis  et  setulis  suberectis   ornatis ; 

femoi'ibus  tibiisque  omnibus  dentibus  singulis  armatis. 
Maris   antennis    lostri    prope    apicem    insertis ;    tibiis   anticis 

vix  elongatis,  [Long.  4-4|,  lat.  I5-I4  lines. 

In  this  species  the  derm  is  of  two  colours,  being  ferruginous 
with  the  base  of  the  elytra  (widely)  and  a  fascia  behind  the 
middle  of  the  same  black.  In  fresh  non-abraded  specimens, 
however,  this  variegation  of  the  derm  is  not  very  conspicuous. 
The  scales  are  arranged  as  follows  : — Those  of  ferruginous  colour 
are  few  and  very  inconspicuous,  and  need  to  be  looked  for  with 
a  lens,  except  ou  the  scutellum,  where  they  are  condensed  (the 
general  appearance  being  of  a  black  and  white  insect)  ;  I  fear  the 
head  and  prothorax  are  more  or  less  abraded  in  all  my  examples, 
but  in  the  brightest  of  them  the  ferruginous  scales  are  a  little 
more  conspicuous  than  on  other  parts,  and  there  is  a  snowy  white 
spot  in  front  of  the  scutellum  (probably  the  remains  of  a  larger 
mark) ;  the  front  half  of  the  elytra  is  indeterminately  marbled 
with  black  and  white,  immediately  behind  which  is  a  space 
almost  deprived  of  ivhite  scales  (so  that  it  appears  as  a  conspicuous 
wide  black  fascia  scarcely  reaching  the  suture)  ;  this  space  is 
followed  by  one  on  which  nearly  all  the  scales  are  white  mixed 
with  a  few  ferruginous,  and  which  extends  to  the  apex  but  is 
interrupted  by  the  subapical  callosity,  that  and  the  space  round 
it  being  black.  The  scales  on  the  underside  and  on  the  legs  are 
almost  entirely  white.  The  tooth  on  the  hind  tibise  (which  is 
below  the  middle)  is  larger  and  better  defined  than  that  of  the 
front  tibise. 

This  species  may  be  at  once  separated  from  many  of  its  congeners 
by  the  total  absence  of  large  fasciculated  tubercles  from  its  upper 
surface.  Unfortunately  there  are  several  species  described  by 
Boisduval  and  Pascoe  in  such  fashion  that  it  is  most  difficult  to 
identify  them.  However,  it  may  be  said  that  Boisduval's  cethiops 
is  very  much  smaller  than  the  present  insect,  and  that  it  seems 
hardly  possible  that  Mr.  Pascoe  could  have  failed  to  mention  the 
presence  of  a  well-defined  tooth  on  the  inner  margin  of  all  the 


BY    THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  141 

tibise  (not  only  the  front  ones)  if  it  had  existed  in  anyof 
Australian  Orthorhini  that  he  has  described.  The  species  of  this 
author  bearing  a  general  resemblance  to  0.  bicolor  in  size  and  the 
absence  of  fasciculated  scales  are  hilipoides  (desciibed  as  an 
Alcides — "  in  a  moment  of  aberration"  its  author  says),  carinatus, 
infidiis,  and  meleagris  ;  of  these  hilipoides  is  said  to  have  the  basal 
joint  of  the  funiculus  of  its  antennt©  "  breviusculus,"  carinatus  to 
have  the  alternate  interstices  of  its  elytra  different  from  the  rest, 
and  meleagris  is  not  intelligibly  described  (probably  through  a 
printer's  error),  but  as  its  elytra  are  spoken  of  as  being  especially 
"  short  "  and  some  (at  least)  of  the  interstices  of  the  elytra  are 
called  "  dentato-tuberculati "  at  the  base,  it  is  evidently  not  the 
insect  before  me.  0.  infidus,  I  think,  must  be  closely  related  to 
0.  bicolor,  but  inter  alia  seems  to  be  much  larger  (the  length 
being  given  as  6  lines)  ;  it  is,  moreover,  not  mentioned  as  having 
any  white  scales,  nor  are  the  elytra  described  as  bearing  any 
pattern-like  markings ;  its  hind  tibise  are  said  to  be  "  strongly 
com|)ressed  near  the  apex,"  an  approximation  no  doubt  to  the 
toothed  hind  tibiae  of  0.  bicolor,  but  the  phrase  would  certainly 
not  adequately  describe  the  structure  of  the  latter. 

Victoria  ;  Alpine  district ;  under  bark  of  Eucalyptus  about 
6000  feet  above  sea-level. 

(ERIRHININ.^.) 

Emplesis. 

This  genus  is  distinguished  by  Mr,  Pascoe  from  all  other  Austra- 
lian Erirhinid  genera  by  the  following  characters  in  combination  : 
— Apical  joint  of  tarsi  short  and  stout,  protruding  but  little  from 
between  the  lobes  of  the  3rd  joint,  antennal  funicle  7-jointed, 
elytra  without  posterior  callosities,  2nd  ventral  segment  not  so 
long  as  segments  3  and  4  together.  It  is  to  be  remarked,  however, 
that  these  characters  do  not  separate  Emplesis  from  Storeus.  In 
tabulating  the  genera  of  Erirliinidce  (Ann,  Nat,  Hist.  1873,  pp. 
182-3)  Mr.  Pascoe  adds  the  further  character  that  the  ventral 
sutures  are  straight  in  Emplesis  and  laterally  curved  in  Storeus, 


142  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

but  elsewhere  says  that  this  distinction  cannot  be  relied  upon  as 
constant.  The  two  genera  appear  to  me  to  be  really  veiy  close  to 
each  other,  and  I  cannot  find  any  more  exact  structural  difference 
than  that  the  form  of  Um.jjlesis  is  much  more  narrow  and  oblong 
and  that  its  2nd  ventral  segment  is  evidently  less  abbreviated 
than  in  Storeus. 

Emplesis  monticola,  sp.nov. 

Elongata ;  minus  robusta ;  nigra  vel  nigro-picea,  squamis 
obscure  ferrugineis  et  aliis  albidis  variegata,  his  pone  medium 
alternatim  cum  illis  in  interstitiis  longitudinaliter  conden- 
satis ;  funiculi  articulo  basali  quam  2"^  fere  duplo  (hoc  quam 
3*"^  pauUo)  longiori,  ceteris  brevibns,  ultimis  transversis ; 
prothorace  leviter  transverso  mox  pone  apicem  subito  con- 
stricto-angustato  ;  elytris  striato-punctulatis. 

Maris  rostro  quam  prothorax  vix  longiori,  modice  robusto,  supra 
sat  opaco  longitudinaliter  striato,  fere  recto  ;  antennis  paullo 
ante  rostri  medium  insertis ;  abdomine  longitudinaliter 
concavo. 

Feminse  rostro  quam  prothorax  multo  longiori,  leviter  arcuato, 
supra  nitido  leevigato ;  antennis  vix  pone  rostri  medium 
insertis;  abdomine  asquali.  [Long,  lf-2,  lat.  %  line. 

The  whitish  scales  are  condensed  and  prominent  between  the 
eyes  but  not  so  as  to  form  a  well-defined  fascicle,  on  the  pro- 
thorax they  form  three  obscure  vittse,  they  clothe  the  scutellum 
densely  and  they  are  condensed  in  short  longitudinal  lines  on  the 
elytral  interstices  at  equal  distances  from  the  base,  so  that  there 
appears  to  be  a  number  of  fasciae,  each  fascia  formed  of  a  number 
of  short  longitudinal  lines  placed  side  by  side,  the  most  conspicuous 
of  these  fasciaj  being  in  the  apical  half  of  the  elyti-a.  The  pro- 
sternum  is  distinctly  concave  in  front  of  the  coxae;  the  intermediate 
ventral  sutures  are  lightly  but  distinctly  arched  at  the  sides. 
The  pattern-like  markings  of  the  head  without  either  callosity  or 
fascicle,  the  comparatively  short  basal  joint  of  the  antennal 
funicle,  and  the  long  shining  black  laevigato  rostrum  of  the  female 


BY    THE    REV.   T.   BLACKBURN,  143 

will  in  combination  distinguish  this  species.      The  antennal  scape 
is  of  a  bright  ferruginous  colour,  but  the  general  colour  is  darker 
than  in  most  species  of  the  genus. 
Victoria  ;  Alpine  district. 

Emplesis  ocellata,  sp.nov. 

Minus  elongata  ;  ferruginea,  squamis  ferrugineis  aliis  fuscis  aliis 
albidis  variegata  ;  in  elytris  squamis  fuscis  maculam  niagnam 
communem  basin  attiugeutem  postice  sequaliter  rotundatam 
et  alliido-cinctam  formantibus  ;  funiculi  articulo  basali  quam 
2"^  duplo  longiori,  ceteris  brevibus  ;  prothorace  sat  transverso 
mox  pone  apicem  sui)ito  constricto-angustato  supra  insequali; 
elytris  striato-punctulatis. 
Maris  rostro  quam  prothorax  sublongiori,  apice  leviter  arcuato, 
modice  robusto,  supra  opaco  longitudinaliter  striato  et 
iineatim  squamoso  _:  antennis  paulio  pone  rostri  apicem 
insertis. 
Femina  latet.  [Long.  1^,  lat.  j  line. 

The  remarkable  spot  formed  by  the  scales  on  the  upper  surface 
will  at  once  distinguish  this  species  from  all  its  congeners.  This 
spot  commences  on  the  elytra  at  the  base  where  it  reaches  from 
shoulder  to  sliouldeh  From  each  shoulder  the  external  marginof  the 
spot  runs  hindward  curving  to  the  suture,  which  it  reaches  at  about 
the  middle  of  its  length.  The  large  common  spot  thus  enclosed 
consists  of  dark  brown  scales  mixed  with  a  few  scarcely  noticeable 
lighter  ones  (those  of  the  rest  of  the  surface  being  pale  ferru- 
ginous) ;  the  spot  is  margined  (somewhat  narrowly)  with  white 
scales  and  is  continued  forward  a  little  on  the  prothorax,  as  is  also 
the  whitish  border,  both  dark  spot  and  pale  border  becoming 
gradually  narrower  and  less  distinct  towards  the  front  of  the 
prothoiax,  but  the  pale  border  being  traceable  evidently  nearer  to 
the  front  than  is  the  dark  S|)ot.  The  principal  inequalities  on 
the  surface  of  the  prothorax  are  two  obscure  gibbosities  placed 
near  the  front  on  either  side  of  the  median  line,  which  is  feebly 
impressed.  The  prosternum  is  very  feebly  and  widely  concave  in 
front  of  the  coxse ;  the  intermediate  ventral  sutures  are  slightly 


144  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

arched  at  the  sides.  There  is  a  certain  resemblance  in  style  of 
marking  between  this  species  and  E.  umbrosa,  Blackb.,  (though 
this  resemblance  is  really  only  sliglit),  but  the  two  may  be  at  once 
separated  by  the  prothorux  being  scai'cely  transverse  in  umbrosa 
and  pretty  strongly  so  in  ocellata. 

Victoria ;  Alpine  district. 


Gerynassa  affinis,  sp.nov. 

Picea  vel  nigra,  squamis  fulvis  (certo  adspectu  sub-aureis)  et 
aliis  nigrescentibus  variegata;  rostro  obscure  piceo-ferrugineo, 
quam  prothorax  longiori,  nitido,  basin  versus  obscure  punc- 
tulato-striato;  an  tennis  obscure  ferrugineis,  clava  picea,  scapo 
apice  sat  clavato,  funiculi  articulo  2°  quam  1"^  sublongiori ; 
prothorace  transverse,  antice  constricto-angustato,  ante  basin 
transversim  subgibboso,  lateribus  ampliatis ;  elytris  trans 
basin  sat  sequaliter  convexis,  intra  humeros  baud  longitudi- 
naliter  depressis,  in^qualiter  piinctulato-striatis,  interstitiis 
alternis  hie  iilic  in  carinis  brevibus  nigris  parum  conspicuis 
elevatis  ;  corpore  subtus  squamis  pallide  aureo-fulvis  minus 
confertim  ornato.  [Long.  2-25,  l^t.  1  line. 

In  most  examples  the  fulvous  scales  are  irregularly  scattered  on 
the  upper  surface  among  the  blackish  ones  without  forming  any- 
thing like  a  pattern,  in  other  examples  they  are  entirely  wanting 
on  a  small  space  on  either  side  of  the  scutellum  or  on  a  small 
space  on  either  side  of  the  prothorax  near  its  base,  those  spaces 
consequently  appearing  as  dark  spots.  From  G.  basalis,  Pasc, 
the  elevations  on  the  alternate  interstices  of  the  elytra  will  at 
once  distinguish  this  species ;  from  G.  uodulosa,  Pasc,  it  may  be 
known  inter  alia  by  its  much  darker  rostrum  and  antennae,  the 
evenness  of  the  convexity  of  its  elytra  across  the  base  (the 
shoulders  not  being  preceded  by  any  depression),  and  the  longer 
second  joint  of  its  antennal  funicle. 

Victoria  ;  Alpine  district. 


BY    THE    REV.   T.  BLACKBURN.  145 


Gerynassa  minor,  sp.nov. 

Ferruginea,  squamis  fulvis,  aliis  nigris,  aliis  cinereis,  aliis  albis 
variegata  ;  rostro  qiiam  prothorax  longioii,  arcuato,  postice 
subtiliter  longitiidinaliter  striate,  antice  vix  manifeste  punc- 
tulato ;  antennarum  articulo  basali  quam  secundus  sat 
longiori,  ceteris  sat  brevibus,  clava  picea  ;  prothorace  trans- 
verso,  antice  sat  constricto,  lateribiis  ampliatis ;  elytris  trans 
basin  minus  sequaliter  convexis  intra  humeros  longitudinaliter 
subimpressis,  subsequaliter  punctulato-striatis,  interstitiis 
subconvexis  vix  in^qualibus  ;  corpoi'e  subtus  minus  confertim 
albido-squamoso.  [Long.  11,  lat.  ■!•  line. 

An  intricately  mottled  species  ;  the  scales  on  the  prothorax  are 
shining  ferruginous  with  some  of  a  whitish  colour  sprinkled  over 
the  disc  and  more  condensed  on  the  sides ;  on  the  elytra  the 
whitish  scales  are  prevalent  and  are  condensed  on  the  shoulders 
and  also  to  some  extent  on  the  sides  of  the  scutellum  (which  is 
dark  brown)  ;  the  4th  interstice  is  clothed  with  blackish  scales  in 
its  basal  part  and  the  scales  on  the  basal  part  of  the  2nd  and  3rd 
interstices  are  dark  brown  ;  dark  brown  scales  about  the  middle 
part  of  each  interstice  cause  the  appearance  of  an  obscure  fascia 
in  which  are  several  short  longitudinal  black  lines  ;  immediately 
behind  this  fascia  the  scales  are  almost  entirely  whitish,  so  that  it 
seems  to  be  followed  by  a  narrow  pale  fascia,  behind  which 
ferruginous  scales  predominate  but  are  much  sprinkled  with 
whitish  scales  and  present  one  or  two  short  lines  formed  of 
blackish  scales.  The  2nd  joint  of  the  funiculus  very  decidedly 
shorter  than  the  first  (though  considerably  longer  than  the  follow- 
ing joints)  will  distinguish  this  species  from  its  described 
congeners ;  its  small  size  and  the  scarcely  uneven  interstices  of  its 
elytra  are  further  distinctions  from  G.  nodulosa,  Pasc,  which  is 
perhaps  its  nearest  ally. 

Victoria  ;  Alpine  district, 
10 


146  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

Meriphus  pullo,  Er. 

I  have  recently  taken  a  MerijjJius  in  several  localities  near 
Sydney,  which  agrees  with  Dr.  Erichson's  description  of  M. 
fullo  in  all  respects  except  that  the  prothorax  is  by  measurement 
distinctly  wider  across  the  base  than  long.  It  is  possible  if  Dr. 
Erichson  did  not  measure  the  proportions  of  his  type  that  the 
prothorax  may  have  appeared  to  his  eye  more  elongate  than  the 
reality,  and  therefore  it  would  not  be  safe  to  consider  the  Sydney 
species  distinct  from  the  Tasmanian  on  account  of  this  discrepancy. 
The  great  distance  between  Sydney  and  Tasmania,  nevertheless, 
suggests  the  probability  that  if  specimens  from  both  localities 
could  be  compared  they  would  be  found  to  present  other 
differences. 

Meriphus  humep.ali.?,  sp.nov. 

Sat  angustus  ;  sat  gracilis  ;  piceo-niger  vel  ferrugineus,  femorum 
basi  tibiis  rostro  et  antennarum  scapo  plus  niinusve  rufes- 
centibus ;  squamis  albidis  setiformibus  parce  vestitus ; 
rostro  maris  capite  prothoraceque  conjunctis  pauUo  longiori, 
feminse  paullo  magis  elongate ;  prothorace  quam  longiori 
haud  latiori ;  antrorsum  leviter  angustato  et  constricto, 
rugulose  sat  crasse  punctulato,  haud  carinato ;  elytris 
punctulato-striatis,  interstitiis  alternis  obscure  granulatis, 
squamis  albis  in  humeris  maculatim  dense  condensatis ; 
femorum  dentibus  parvis. 

[Long,  (rostr.  incl.)  l|-2,  lat.  ?-?  line. 
The  whitish  scales  are  evenly  and  thinly  distributed  except 
that  they  are  evidently  condensed  on  the  sides  of  the  prothorax 
and  the  shoulders  of  the  elytra  (where  they  form  a  conspicuous 
white  patch),  that  they  clothe  the  scutellum  densely,  and  that  they 
are  somewhat  linearly  placed  along  the  interstices  of  the  elytra, 
where,  however,  they  are  frequently  interrupted  in  such  fashion 
that  the  intervals  on  which  they  are  wanting  appear  as  faint  and 
ill-defiued  dark  spots  placed  here  and  there  along  the  interstices. 
As  this  pattern  is  present  in  all  of  the  several  examples  I  have 
seen,  I   think  it  is  certainly  not  the  result  of   abrasion.     This 


BY    THE    REV.    T.    BLACKBURN.  147 

species  differs  from  M.  umbrinus,  Pasc,  inter  alia,  by  the  black 
funicle  and  club  of  its  antennae,  and  from  M.  lineatus,  Blackb., 
by  its  smaller  size,  the  interruptions  in  the  vestiture  of  the  elytral 
interstices,  the  much  smaller  size  of  the  teeth  on  its  femora,  the 
conspicuous  white  patch  on  the  shoulders,  (kc.  The  other 
described  species  are  all  very  different. 

N.  S.  Wales  ;  near  Sydney ;  also  in  the  Blue  Mountains. 

Myossita  munda,  sp.nov. 

OI)longo-ovata  ;  sat  convexa  ;  ferruginea,  pilis  albido-fulvis  sat 

sparsim  vestita,  capite  rostio  antennisque  (articulis  basalibus 

2   exceptis)   nigris,    tarsis  obscuris ;    rostro  quam  prothorax 

longiori,  apicem  versus  leviter  dilatato ;  antennarum  funiculi 

articulo   basali    quam    2"®    duplo    longiori ;    prothorace    sat 

fortiter  transverse,  antice  angustato,  lateribus  modice  rotun- 

datis,  elytris  punctulato-striatis,  puncturis  in  striis  sat  magnis 

rotuiidatis  vel  subquadratis.  [Long.  1|,  lat.  ^  line. 

This  species  does  not  seem   to  have  anything  like  the  quasi- 

pattern  that  some  of  its  congeners  show  on  their  elytra  through  the 

uneven  density  of  their  pubescence,  nor  can  I  find  any  trace  of 

the  quasi-marking  that  Mr.  Pascoe  attributes  to  M.  tabida,  when 

he  says  that  in  certain  lights  the  punctures  on  the  elytra  seem  to 

be  surrounded  by  pale  rings.     It  may  be  distinguished  from  all 

previously  described  by  its  small  size  and  the  blackish  colour  (in 

contrast  with  its  general  ferruginous  red)  of  the  head,  rostrum 

and  antennae  (the  scape  and  the  base  of  the  funiculus  of  the  latter 

being,  however,  more  or  less  reddish). 

Victoria  ;  Alpine  district. 

Myossita  crucigera,  sp.nov. 

Oblongo-ovata ;  sat  convexa;  squamis  crassis  piliformibus 
albidis  irregulariter  vestita  ;  rufa ;  capite,  scutello,  spatio 
circa  scutellum,  corporeque  subtus  (hujus  apice  excepto) 
nigricantibus  ;  rostro  sat  robusto  quam  prothorax  vix 
longiori  apicem    versus   leviter    dilatato ;    funiculi    articulo 


148  NOTES   ON   AUSTRALIAN    COLEOPTERA, 

basali  quam  2**'  vix  duple  longiori,  hoc  3'°  fere  sequali ;  pro- 
thorace  sat  transverse,  antice  angustato,  lateribus  sat  rotun- 
datis  ;  elytris  leviter  striatis,  striis  obscure  punctulatis. 

[Long.  1^,  lat.  5  line. 
The  whitish  hair-like  scales  on  the  elytra  are  wanting  on  a 
rather  large  roundish  space  around  the  scutellum,  on  the  suture 
and  on  a  transverse  space  crossing  the  sutui-e  just  behind  the 
middle,  bub  not  reaching  the  lateral  margins.  From  a  certain 
point  of  view  (looking  from  the  scutellum  hindward,  the  rostrum 
being  directed  towards  the  observer)  the  denuded  spaces  present 
the  appearance  of  a  cross  standing  on  a  globe.  The  blackish  head 
(the  rostrum  and  antennae  being  red)  and  space  around  scutellum, 
in  contrast  with  the  red  colour  of  all  the  rest  of  the  insect  (as 
seen  from  above)  will  also  render  this  species  very  easy  to  identify. 
The  sculpture  of  the  elytra  is  very  much  less  definite  than  in  the 
preceding  species. 

South  Australia  ;  Lake  Eyre  basin. 

Eristus,  gen.nov. 

Rostrum  latum  depressum  leviter  arcuatum  minus  elongatum 

basi  leviter  angustatum ;  scrobes  postmedianse  ad  oculi  partem 

inferiorem   attingentes ;    scapus  brevis ;    funiculus  7-articu- 

latus ;     clava    sat    distincta ;     oculi    magni     rotundati    sat 

prominuli   fortiter  granulati  ;   prothorax  antice   angustatus, 

lobis  ocularibus  nullis  ;  scutellum  modicum  ;  elytra  oblonga  ; 

pedes   sat   validi ;    femora  sublinearia  mutica ;    tibise   apice 

spina  armatpe  ;  tarsi  elongati,  articulo  tertio  fortiter  dilatato 

bifido,  quarto  elongate,  unguiculi  simplices  divaricati ;  meso- 

sternum    inter    coxas    sat    latum ;     abdominis    segmentum 

secundum  quam  sequentia  2  conjuncta  baud  brevius  ;  horura 

suturse  rectse  vel  ad  latera  retrorsum  leviter  productis;  corpus 

( 1  specierum  omnium)  setis  elongatis  sparsim  vestitum. 

Examples  of  this  very  abnormal  form  have  long  been  in  my 

collection,  and  I  have  delayed  describing  them   because  I   have 

been  unable  to  make  up  my  mind  to  what  subfamily  they  should 

be  referred.     Each  re-examination,  however,  leads  to  the  same 


BY    THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  149 

conclusion, — that  they  represent  an  aberrant  type  of  Erirhinidcf, 
— and,  therefore,  I  decide  to  describe  them  as  such.  They  appear 
to  me  to  be  aberrant  only  in  respect  of  the  rostrum  which 
(tliough  not  excessively  short,  being  but  little  shorter  than  the 
prothorax)  is  most  unusually  wide  and  depressed,  its  width  on  the 
upper  surface  being  not  less  than  the  length  of  the  scape  of  the 
antennae,  and  fully  twice  the  thickness  of  the  rostrum  (as  viewed 
from  the  side).  The  rostrum,  in  fact,  reminds  one  of  the  form  of 
a  duck's  bill.  Owing  to  the  upper  surface  being  arched  longi- 
tudinally, and  the  lower  surface  scarcely  so,  the  rostrum  has  a 
subulate  appearance  when  viewed  from  the  side.  The  structure 
of  the  scrobes  is  not  very  different  from  that  of  Glaucopela.  The 
rostrum  and  the  general  appearance  are  very  suggestive  of  a 
Cossonid  (indeed  the  first  species  described  below  is  very  much 
like  Phlceophagus  spadix,  Hbst.,  but  with  the  elytra  much  wider 
at  the  base),  but  the  combination  of  contiguous  front  coxae, 
distinctly  articulated  antennal  club  (its  basal  joint  not  much 
longer  than  the  second)  strongly  dilated  and  bifid,  3rd  tarsal  joint 
and  1st  ventral  suture  well  defined,  seems  impossible  for  a  Cossonid. 
I  must  acknowledge  some  misgivings  as  to  whether  it  is  possible 
that  this  genus  is  identical  with  that  characterised  by  Mr. 
WoUaston  under  the  name  Thaumastophasis  as  a  Cossonid.  That 
author's  expressions, — "  scapo  longiusculo  "  and  "  metasterno 
brevissimo," — would,  however,  be  quite  inapplicable  to  the  species 
before  me,  and  I  do  not  think  they  could  be  fairly  applied  to  them 
even  if  they  were  being  compared  with  genera  of  Cossonidce.  The 
metasternum  is  a  little  longer  and  the  antennal  scape  is  very 
much  shorter  for  example  than  in  Phlceophagus.  Mr.  Wollaston 
does  not  mention  the  antennal  club  in  his  Thaumastophasis  as 
being  distinctly  articulated.  On  the  whole,  I  do  not  see  that 
much  confusion  will  result  even  if  (with  these  qualifications)  I  am 
re-naming  Mr.  Wollaston's  genus,  whereas  it  might  be  very 
confusing  if  I  were  to  describe  as  Thaumastophasis  species  which 
should  prove  not  to  be  attributable  to  that  genus.  I  may  add 
that  I  have  in  my  collection  an  example  which  seems  to  me  to  be 
very  possibly  Mr.  Wollaston's  species  (T.  ocidatus),  as  it  agrees 


150  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

fairly  well  with  the  specific  de.scription,  but  its  antennal  club  is 
not  in  the  least  Cosso7iid-[ike,  and  I  cannot  see  the  appropriateness 
of  the  term  "  brevissimum  "  for  its  metasternunj.  If  it  be  Mr. 
Wollaston's  insect,  the  species  before  me  are  undouVjtedly  very 
close  to  Thaumasto2yhasis,  but  differ  in  the  scrobes  being  subbasal 
instead  of  median  and  the  scape  of  the  antennae  being  much 
shorter. 

Eristus  setosus,  sp.no v. 

Oblongus;  subnitidus;  setis  satcrassis  pallidis  sparsim  vestitus; 
piceus,  tarsis  (et  exemplorum  nonnullorum  tibiis)  rufescen- 
tibus  ;  capite  rostroque  sat  crebre  minus  fortiter  punctulatis  ; 
prothorace  leviter  transverso,  antice  sat  angustato,  ciebre 
minus  fortiter  umbilicato-punctulato,  in  medio  longitudina- 
liter  obscure  carinato,  lateribus  sat  rotundatis,  basi  leviter 
bisinuata  ;  elytris  leviter  striatis,  striis  puncturis  sat  magnis 
sat  crebre  instructis,  interstitiis  sat  planis  sat  subtiliter 
punctulatis;  corpora  subtus  sat  crasse  minus  crebre  umbilicato- 
punctulato.  [Long.  2^,  lat.  *  line. 

Victoria;  Alpine  district ;  occurs  in  S.  Australia  also. 

Eristus  bicolor,  sp.no v. 

Ovatus ;  subnitidus  setis  minus  crassis  (supra  sparsis  fulvis,  in 
scutello  et  in  corpore  subtus  niveis,  in  sculello  et  in  meso- 
sterno  metasternique  in  episternis  densissime  condensatis) ; 
piceus,  capite  (rostro  incluso)  prothorace  pedibusque  ruhs  ; 
capite  rostrique  basi  sat  fortiter  sat  crebre  punctulatis,  rostri 
parte  antica  vix  manifeste  punctulata,  capite  inter  oculos  et 
rostri  basi  in  medio  longitudinaliter  carinatis  ;  prothorace 
sat  transverso,  antice  subconstricto-angustato,  crebre  fortiter 
punctulato,  lateribus  (parte  constricta  excepta)  sat  fortiter 
rotundatis  ;  elytris  vix  striatis,  seriatim  sat  fortiter  (inter- 
stitiis minus  fortiter)  punctulatis ;  corpore  subtus  subcrebre 
subfortiter  punctulato.  [Long.  11,  lat.  h  line. 

The  piceous   undersurface,  antennae,  and  elytra  strongly  con- 

ti-asted   with  the  red  head,  rostrum,  prothorax,  and  legs  render 

this  a  very  conspicuous  little  species. 
Victoria ;  Alpine  district. 


BY   THE    REV.  T,  BLACKBURN.  151 


APIONIN^E. 


ApION    TERRiE-REGIN^,  Sp.nOV. 

Oblongo-ovatutn ;    nitidum  ;    nigrum  ;    setis    bievibus    albidis 

vestitum  ;  capite  inter  oculos  concavo  ;  rostro  sat  valido,  sat 

fortiter  arcuato,  sat  cylindrico,   quam   caput   prothoraxque 

conjuncta  longiori,  minus  subtiliter  punctulato  ;  antennanim 

articulo  2°  quam  3*^®  sat  crassiori ;  prothorace  subcylindrico 

antrorsum  pauUo  angustato,  sat  crasse  sat  crebre  punctulato ; 

elytris   compressis   sat  fortiter   sat  sequaliter  striatis,  striis 

obscure    punctulatis,   interstitiis   planis   sat  distincte  minus 

crebre  punctulatis.  [Long.  2|,  lat.  5  line. 

A  large    shining  black   species    lesembling   the   European   A. 

scutdlare,  Kirby,  but  with  compressed  elytra,  stouter  and  more 

strongly   punctured    (though    otherwise   similar)    rostrum,    head 

hollowed  out  between  the  eyes,  prothorax  less  rounded  on  the 

sides,  elytral  interstices  perfectly  flat,  &c.,  &c. 

The  only  previously  described  Australian  Apion  coming  near  it 
in  size  is -4.  albertisi,  Pasc,  which,  however,  is  described  as  haviug 
its  prothorax  impunctulate  and  only  one  distinct  stria  on  each 
elytron. 

N.  Queensland  ;  Palmer  R.  district ;  given  me  by  C.  French, 
Esq. 


152  NOTES    ON    AUSTRALIAN    CYNIPID^, 


NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  CYNIPID.E,  WITH  DESCRIP- 
TIONS OF  SEVERAL  NEW  SPECIES. 


By  Walter  W.  Froggatt. 


As  far  as  I  am  aware,  nothing  has  been  written  on  the  Aus- 
tralian CynipidcB,  although  a  large  number  of  the  small  parasitic 
hymenoptera,  many  of  which  are  inquilines  with  the  true  Cynipidcc, 
have  been  described  in  European  publications,  chiefly  by  Francis 
Walker  in  his  "Monograph  of  Chalcididae"  and  in  his  miscella- 
neous papers. 

In  this  short  paper  I  propose  to  describe  three  species  common 
about  Sydney  on  the  Acacias,  A.  discolor  and  A.  longijolia ;  and  in 
my  next  conti'ibution  on  this  group  to  work  out  those  found  on 
the  Eucalypts.  For  the  last  three  years  I  have  been  collecting 
and  breeding  out  the  gall-making  inhabitants,  and  their 
parasites,  from  such  excrescences  and  galls  as  I  could  find  in  the 
bush  or  obtain  from  my  numerous  friends  interested  in  this  work. 
One  of  the  difficulties  attending  the  breeding  of  the  Cynijndce  is 
that  the  parasitic  wasps  so  outnumber  the  gall-makers  that  one  can 
breed  out  hundreds  of  Chalcids  and  Proctotrupids  without  ever 
obtaining  a  perfect  specimen  of  the  Cynipid  host.  I  believe  that 
when  our  gall-flies  are  worked  out,  it  will  be  found  that  Australia 
contains  a  large  number  of  species,  and  I  think  that,  though 
working  under  the  disadvantages  of  want  of  access  to  type 
specimens  of  many  genera,  and  a  rather  hazy  knowledge  of  the 
classification  of  some  of  them,  yet  I  shall  be  doing  useful  work  in 
studying  their  life-histories,  by  drawing  and  describing  them  from 
living  specimens,  and  by  noting  their  parasites ;  work  requiring 
time,  perseverance  and  a  large  amount  of  material;  but  there  is  at 
least  the  consolation  that,  if  not  successful  one  year,  there  is  a 


BY    WALTER    W.  FROGGATT.  153 

chance  if  one  is  content  to  wait  for  the  next  year's  crop  of  galls. 
There  is  certainly  not  much  at  present  to  show  for  a  good  deal  of 
careful  work  ;  but  when  one  sees  the  large  number  of  trees  that  are 
attacked  and  often  rendered  seedless  year  after  year,  such  know- 
ledge as  I  am  in  search  of  must  eventually  become  of  more  or  less 
value  even  from  the  economic  standpoint.  In  working  at  their 
classification  I  find  the  meagre  details  given  by  some  of  the  earlier 
describers  very  bewildering,  and  the  hair-splitting  of  more  recent 
systematic  entomologists  even  more  distracting.  I  therefore  pro- 
visionally place  the  three  species  presently  to  be  described  under 
the  old  genus  Ci/nips. 

I  propose  to  follow  Cresson's  arrangement  of  the  genera 
(Catalogue  of  North  American  Hymenoptera,  1887,  a  most  useful 
work  to  anybody  interested  in  the  study  of  hymenoptera).  This 
writer  gives  two  tables  of  classification  of  Cynipidce  ;  first,  Mr. 
W.  H.  Ashmead's  Synoptical  Tables,  taken  from  the  Transactions 
of  the  American  Entomological  Society  for  1886,  which  only  deals 
with  species  occurring  in  that  country ;  and,  secondly,  a  transla- 
tion of  Dr.  Mayr's  tables,  taken  from  his  "Die  Genera  der  gallen- 
bewohnendenCynipiden,"  which  deals  with  European  andAmerican 
forms.  The  latter  divides  them  into  two  groups,  the  first  con- 
taining the  true  gall-makers,  and  the  second  what  he  terms  guest- 
flies,  or  those  living  in  the  galls  formed  by  the  first  section.  The 
three  species  I  am  about  to  describe  are  true  gall-making  Cynipids. 

CyNIPS    ACACIiE-DISCOLORIS,   n.Sp. 

Length  of  body,  2  lines.     Expanse  of  wings,  4|  lines. 

Head,  thorax,  and  legs  reddish-yellow;  abdomen,  eyes,  markings 
round  the  ocelli,  and  inner  margins  of  femora  of  fore  legs  black. 
Antennae  reddish-brown  ;  first  joint  long,  slightly  curved,  cylindri- 
cal ;  2nd  pear-shaped,  narrowest  at  base ;  3rd  and  4th  smallest ; 
5-lOth  rounded  at  base,  square  across  at  apex;  11-1 3th  forming  an 
oval  club;  all  the  joints  clothed  with  fine  hairs.  Head  narrow, 
hollowed  behind,  base  black,  ocelli  red,  eyes  black,  very  prominent. 
Thorax  :  middle  lobe  of  mesonotum  large,  scutellum  large,  smooth 


154  NOTES    ON    AUSTRALIAN    CYNIPIDiE. 

and  shining,  with  a  few  scattered  hairs  all  over  it;  metathorax 
black  beneath,  and  thickly  clothed  with  black  hairs.  Abdomen 
black,  covered  with  fine  hairs.  Wings  fuscous,  upper  margin  of 
forewings  darkest,  stigma  black,  nervures  almost  black.  Legs 
covered  with  fine  hairs. 

The  gall  is  very  common  on  Acacia  discolor  in  the  month  of 
November,  when  the  pupa  of  the  Cynips  will  be  found  wrapped 
up  in  a  black  pupa  case  in  the  gall  when  opened.  It  is  formed 
on  the  twigs  where  a  leaf  bud  or  small  shoot  is  commencing  to 
sprout ;  sometimes  it  simply  forms  an  oval  swelling  at  the  base  of 
the  shoot,  but  the  typical  form  is  an  oval  gall  produced  into  three 
irregular  horns  at  the  apex,  formed  out  of  aborted  leaf  buds.  It 
is  very  much  infested  by  a  small  black  Chalcid  that  attacks  the 
gall  and  changes  it  into  a  shapeless  fleshy  mass  ;  scores  ot  these 
minute  parasites  will  hatch  out  ot'  a  single  gall. 

Locality:    Rose  and  Double  Bays,  Thornleigh,  N.8.W. 

Cynips  ACACi^-LONGiFOLiiE,  n.sp. 

Length  of  body,  2  lines.     Expanse  of  wings,  4^^  lines. 

Head,  thorax,  antennse,  and  centre  of  upper  side  of  abdomen 
from  below  second  segment  to  tip  of  abdomen  ochreous-yellow  ;  eyes 
and  ocelli  dark  brown  ;  first  two  segments  of  abdomen  and  the 
edges  of  the  following  ones  black,  the  colour  fading  in  old  specimens 
to  an  ochreous-brown;  coxse  and  femora  dark  brown;  underside  of 
abdomen  black.  Antennae  inserted  below  the  eyes  in  a  depression  ; 
13-jointed;  1st  slender,  cylindrical;  3rd-4th  small,  funnel-shaped; 
5-lOth  rounded  at  base  and  square  at  apex;  ll-13th  forming 
a  club  ;  all  from  the  second  joint  margined  with  fine  hairs.  Head 
rounded  in  front  and  not  hollowed  behind  ;  eyes  and  ocelli  dark 
brown.  Prothorax  narrow ;  middle  lobe  of  mesonotum  large, 
rounded  in  front,  lateral  lobes  wedge-shaped  ;  scutellum  large, 
rounded  in  front,  heart-shaped.  Abdouen  broad  and  rounded  at 
base,  with  a  depression  in  the  centre,  rather  pointed  at  apex. 
Wings  large,  hyaline ;  costa  and  nervures  black ;  forewings 
clouded  with  a  fuscous  patch  about  |  from  the  tip  of  wing.  Legs 
clothed  with  fine  hairs. 


BY    WALTER    W.  FROGGATT.  155 

The  galls  are  round  or  oval,  fleshy,  about  the  size  of  a  large 
filbert  nut,  containing  several  cavities  in  each  gall.  When  they 
are  ripe,  about  the  end  of  October,  they  are  brightly  tinted  with 
red  and  yellow,  and  are  known  in  Victoria  as  "  Wattle  apples  " 
by  the  children.  They  are  formed  on  the  flower  stalk,  as  are  also 
certain  dipterous  galls,  and  are  very  plentiful  on  the  Acacias 
growing  back  from  Rose  Bay.  Unless  taken  quite  ripe,  they  are 
difficult  to  keep,  as  the  galls  decay,  and  the  larvae  die  in 
consequence. 

Locality :  Rose  Bay,  Botany,  ifec. 

Cynips  maideni,  n.sp. 

Length  of  body,  2  lines.     Expanse  of  wings,  4  lines. 

(J.  Head,  thorax,  abdomen,  coxaa  and  base  of  femora  black  ; 
the  rest  of  the  femora,  tibiae,  and  tarsi  pale  yellow  in  live  speci- 
mens, darker  in  old  ones. 

^.  Differs  in  being  slightly  larger,  with  the  abdomen  broader, 
and  from  below  the  first  segment  of  a  rich  yellow  slightly  margined 
with  black  on  the  sides. 

Antennae  13-jointed,  ochreous-yellow,  clothed  with  fine  hairs  ; 
1st  joint  cylindrical ;  2nd  cup-shaped  ;  3-4th,  very  small,  funnel- 
shaped ;  5-1 0th  cylindrical,  broad,  rounded  at  base,  and  straight 
across  at  apex ;  in  the  female  these  joints  are  smaller  and  more 
subovate  ;  11-1 3th  forming  an  oval-shaped  club  ;  in  the  male  the 
5th  joint  is  much  larger  than  the  following  ones.  Eyes  vermilion 
when  alive,  ocelli  bright  hyaline ;  head  round  in  front,  square 
behind.  Thorax  broad,  shining,  very  rugose,  tlie  corrugations 
running  in  wavy  lines;  middle  lobe  of  mesothorax  large;  scutellum 
large,  shield-shaped.     Legs  covered  with  fine  hairs. 

I  have  much  pleasure  in  dedicating  this  fine  species  to  J.  H- 
Maiden,  Esq.,  F.L.S.,  Curator  of  the  Technological  Museum,  to 
whom  I  am  indebted  for  many  specimens,  and  whose  work  among 
our  wattles  is  well  known.  This  Cynips  causes  the  small  twigs 
and  branches  of  Acacia  longifolia  to  swell  into  thick  fleshy  galls, 
often  several  inches  in  circumference,  and  five  or  six  inches  long. 


156  NOTES    ON   AUSTRALIAN   CYNIPID^ 

Several  trees  on  the  South  Head  Eoad  near  Vaucluse  are 
attacked  year  after  year,  and  I  have  taken  galls  from  them  for 
the  last  three  years ;  they  are  ripe  about  the  end  of  October. 
This  Cynips  does  not  seem  to  be  much  attacked  by  parasites,  and 
is  easily  bred  from  the  gall.  Another  tree  infested  with  this  gall 
grew  in  the  late  Sir  William  Macleay's  garden,  but  the  galls  were 
always  very  small,  and  it  was  only  on  breeding  the  Cynips  out 
that  I  proved  them  to  be  the  same  species.  This  is  not  a  common 
gall,  and  I  only  know  of  it  in  these  two  localities. 

Locality :  Elizabeth  Bay  and  Rose  Bay. 


157 


OBSERVATIONS   ON   THE   CHAROPID/E. 

Part  I. 

By  0.  Hedley,  F.L.S. 

(Plates  I.  and  ii.) 

Widespread  throughout  Australia  and  Polynesia  is  a  group  of 
land  shells  which,  varying  greatly  among  its  membeis,  yet  appears 
clearly  distinguishable  from  other  orders  by  the  small  size  of  its 
species,  their  cancellated  sculpture,  in  which  stout  ribs  are  a 
prominent  feature,  flame  painting,  straight  sharp  peristome, 
which  describes  a  convex  then  a  concave  sweep  on  approaching 
the  right  insertion,  and  a  projecting  semitransparent  callus, 
which  buries  the  sculpture  of  the  whorl  on  which  it  encroaches. 
For  this  group  I  provisionally  accept  the  title  Charojnda'.,  assigned 
by  Hutton,  1884  (Trans.  N.  Zealand  Inst.  xvi.  p.  199),  extending, 
however,  the  limits  indicated  by  that  writer.  His  vague  diagnosis 
runs  as  follows :  "  Animal  heliciform  with  an  external  shell  ;  tail 
with  a  mucous  gland."  No  type  is  nominated  by  the  author  of 
the  family,  and  I  therefore  suggest  that  the  type  of  Charopidce 
would  naturally  be  the  genus  Charopa,  Albers,  whose  type  species 
is  C.  coma,  Gray.  I  quote  from  "  Die  Heliceen,"  2nd  ed.  p.  87, 
the  original  definition  of  that  genus. 

Charopa,  Albers  (1860). 

"  Testa  umbilicata,  tenuis,  depressa,  raro  conica,  plicis  trans- 
versis,  elevatis,  pilis  rigidulis  sparse  saepissime  obsilis,  costulata  ; 
anfractus  4-5^,  ultimus  antice  non  descendens  ;  apertura  parum 
obliqua,  lunato-rotundata ;  peristoma  simplex,  marginibus  conni- 
ventibus." 


158  OBSERVATIONS    ON    THE   CHAROPIDiE, 

Under  this  head  he  assembled  these  species  : — portia,  Gray ; 
pinicola,  Pfr. ;  juloidea,  Forbes  ;  eta,  Pfr.  ;  ide,  Gray  ;  varicosa, 
Pfr.  ;  epsilon,  Pfr. ;  coma,  Gray ;  anguiculus,  Reeve ;  gamma, 
Pfr.  ;  hiconcava,  Pfr.  ;  omicron,  Pfr. ;  zeta,  Pfr.  ;  dimorpha,  Pfr.  ; 
hypopolia,  Pfr. ;  sericatula,  Pfr. ;  iota,  Pfr.  ;  kappa,  Pfr.  ;  egesta, 
Gray ;  dianw,  Pfr. ;  alpha,  Pfr.  ;  and  6eto,  Pfr. 

Considering  the  scanty  material  and  information  at  the  disposal 
of  this  sagacious  naturalist,  we  may  well  admire  his  sketch  of  the 
affinities  of  this  group,  and  regret  that  later  writers  have  not 
followed  the  path  indicated  by  the  systematist  of  the  last  genera- 
tion. 

The  only  other  reference  to  such  a  classification  is  the  following 
remark  by  Pease  (P.Z.S.  1871,  p.  450),  the  fruits  of  an  unrivalled 
knowledge  and  unremitting  study  of  the  land  mollusca  of  Poly- 
nesia : — "Thirty-five  or  more  species  of  Helices  have  been  described 
from  the  Papuan  Islands,  Australia,  Tasmania  and  New  Zealand 
under  the  genera  Patula,  Discus,  &c.,  which  are  more  nearly 
related  to  the  Polynesian  genus  Pitys.  They  are  generally  more 
planorboid  in  shape,  with  the  aperture  open  and  not  laminate  or 
dentate  ;  their  relation  to  the  genus  Pitys  cannot  be  determined 
until  the  animals  are  examined  and  compared." 

From  the  same  article,  p.  451,  I  extract  the  characters  of  the 
genus  Pitys,  Beck,  first  defined  in  the  "  Index  Molluscorum," 
1837,  and  whose  type  is  P.  oparica,  Anton,  as  amended  by  Pease. 

Pitys,  Beck  (1837). 

"  Shell  orbicular  or  planorboid,  finely  radiately  ribbed  ;  spire 
but  slightly  elevated,  last  whorl  rounded  at  its  periphery  and  also 
at  the  umbilicus,  more  or  less  openly  umbilicate,  rarely  imper- 
forate ;  aperture  generally  dentate  or  laminate  ;  radiately  striped 
or  tessellated  on  their  upper  surface  with  reddish-brown  and 
yellowish,  the  stripes  occasionally  taking  a  zigzag  form  on  the 
periphery  and  base ;  rarely  wholly  reddish-brown ;  generally 
covered  with  a  thin  epidermis,  which,  on  a  few  species,  supports 
short  hairs." 


BY    C.  HEDLEY.  159 

"  The  above  genus,"  observes  Pease,  "  was  established  by  Dr. 
Beck  on  Helix  oparica,  Anton,  from  the  collection  made  by  the 
late  Mr.  Cuming  at  the  island  of  Rapa  (Opara),  one  of  the  Austral 
group,  a  few  hundred  miles  south  of  Tahiti.  There  is  no  doubt  as 
to  the  identity  of  the  species,  although  it  was  described  by  Dr. 
Anton  as  H.  oparica  from  America.  By  reason  of  the  similarity 
between  the  shells  of  certain  species  discovered  since  and  those  of 
the  European  genus  Discus,  Fitz.,  =  Patula,  Held.,  all  the  Poly- 
nesian forms  have  been  described  under  the  European  genus  ; 
with  few  exceptions  the  shells  are  quite  distinct  and  the  animal 
decidedly  so ;  they  are  most  numerous  at  the  Hawaiian  and 
Tahitian  Islands,  less  so  at  the  Samoas,  and  altogether  absent 
in  West  Polynesia." 

Nevill  (Hand  List  Mollusca,  Indian  Museum,  Pt.  I.  p.  69) 
misquotes  H.  contorta  as  the  type  of  Pitys. 

Allied  to  Pitijs  is  the  genus  Endodonta,  Albers,  type  £.  lamellosa, 
Ferussac,  created  for  the  reception  of  species  from  the  Society  and 
Sandwich  A.rchi|)elrtgos.  The  description,  "Die  Heliceen,"  2nd  ed. 
p.  90,  runs  as  follows  : — 

Endodonta,  Albers  (1850). 

"  Testa  umbiiicata  vel  perforata,  depressa,  discoidea  vel  orbicu- 
lato-convexa  ;  anfractus  5-S  arete  voluti ;  apertura  rotundato- 
lunaris  vel  saepius  angulata,  rarissime  simplex,  plurumque  in 
pariete  ventrali  lamellata,  vel  etiam  margine  basali  lamellato- 
dentato,  peristoma  rectum,  acutum." 

Nearly  related  to  the  preceding  is  the  genus  Libera,  Garrett. 
No  type  is  named,  but  the  first  species,  which  may  be  considered 
such,  is  L.  fratercida,  Pease. 

This  genus  was  defined  by  Garrett  (Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 
Philadelphia,  Ser.  2,  1881,  p.  390)  in  the  following  terms: — 

Libera,  Garrett  (1881). 

"  Shell  small,  widely  umlulicated,  umbilicus  (in  adults)  strongly 
constricted  so  as  to  form  a  cavernous  or  pouch-like  cavity  ;  whorls 
7-9,  costulate  or  striate,  last  one  angulata   or   carinate,   rarely 


160  OBSERVATIONS    ON    THE    CHAROPIDiE, 

rounded  ;  aperture  subrhomboidal  or  securiform  ;  peristome  thin, 
simple,  straight  ;  parietal  region  with  one  or  two,  and  the  palate 
with  (rarely  without)  two  or  three,  internal  laminae ;  columella 
emarginate  and  furnished  with  a  spiral  fold." 

Another  genus  which,  judged  by  shell  characters,  would  be 
assigned  to  the  Charopidce  is  Diplomphalus,  Crosse  and  Fischer 
(1872),  described  Journ.  de  Conch,  xx.  p.  288,  type  D.  cabriti, 
Gassies.  The  anatomy  of  this  form  as  elucidated  by  Fischer 
(Journ.  de  Conch,  xxi.  pp.  1-25,  pi.  in.)  demands  for  it,  on  the 
contrary,  a  position  among  the  Testacellidce.  Fischer  suggests 
{op.  cit.  p.  13),  that  various  members  of  the  Testacellidce,  represent 
different  groups  of  the  Helicidm,  just  as  sundry  orders  of  mono- 
delphous  mammals  are  shadowed  forth  among  marsupials.  We 
might  pursue  the  idea  further  and  inquire  whether  the  Testacellidce 
may  not  be  an  artificial  group  composed  of  forms  of  diverse  origin 
which  have  independently  acquired  similar  secondary  characteris- 
tics consequent  on  adopting  carnivorous  habits.  If  Diplomphalus 
possesses  a  caudal  mucous  gland  and  pedal  groove,  these  would 
support  the  shell  characters  in  claiming  for  it  a  derivation  from 
some  form  allied  to  Charopa. 

Under  Charojndce,  Hutton  ranges  (Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  200) 
these  four  genera  : — 

Gerontia,  Hutton  (1884). 

"  Shell  depressed,  widely  umbilicated,  striated  ;  periphery 
rounded ;  whorls  about  five,  slowly  increasing ;  aperture  oblique. 
Mantle  included.     Jaw  smooth,  striated." 

First  species  (type  f)  G.  pantherina,  Hutton. 

Pyrrha,  Hutton  (1884). 

"Shell  thin,  translucent,  of  4i-5|-  regularly  increasing  whorls, 
subperforate.  Animal  heliciforra,  ■  mantle  subcentral,  reflected 
over  the  peristome  with  an  even  margin  ;  tail  truncate,  with  a 
large  papilla  and  mucous  gland.  Jaw  with  flat  ribs.  Marginal 
teeth  broad,  with  several  points." 

First  species  (type  1)  P.  cressida,  Hutton. 


BY    C.   HEDLEY.  161 

PsYRA,  Hutton  (1884). 

"  Shell  imperforate  or  narrowly  umbilicated,  ribbed,  periphery- 
rounded,  not  hairy.     Jaw  and  teeth  as  in  Charojm." 
First  species  (type  X)  P.  dimorpha,  Pfeifler. 

Therasia,  Huiton  (1884). 

"Shell  conoidal,  depressed,  periphery  subcarinated,  subperforate 
or  narrowly  perforate,  whorls  smooth,  striated  or  with  membranous 
plaits.  Jaw  with  flat  ribs.  Margiiaal  teeth  broad,  usually  with 
several  points." 

First  species  (type  1)  T.  celinde,  Gray. 

Seeing  that  the  type  of  Thalassia  is  subrugata,  Pfeifler,  I  must 
decline  for  the  present  to  follow  Hutton  in  classing  it  (oj).  cit. 
p.  203)  among  the  Charopidce. 

Possibly  Gray's  genus  Laoma  (1849),  type  L.  Uimonias,  Gray, 
may  be  inserted  in  the  family  under  discussion,  but  it  does  not 
share  the  ordinary  appearance  of  its  members. 

Probably  these  two  genera  may  also  be  included  : — 

Thera,  Hutton  (1884). 

"  Animal  and  jaw  as  in  Patida.     Shell  conical,  high,  perforate, 
hairy  ;  periphery  angled"  (op.  cit.  p.  193). 
First  species  (type  1)  T.  alpha,  Pfeifler. 

Phacussa,  Hutton  (1884). 

"  Shell  depressed  ;  periphery  rounded ;  whorls  5-6,  gradually 
increasing.  Mantle  included.  Jaw  with  flat  ribs"  (op.  cit. 
p.  205). 

First  species  (type  ?)  P.  hypopolia,  Pfeifler. 

Suter  proposed,  but  did  not  formulate,  a  group  (genus  1) — 
Maoriana,  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  1890,  p.  96 — to  replace  Iluttonella 
(preoccupied)  and  to  comprehend  leioda,  Hutton;  pseicdoleioda, 
Suter  ;  wairarapa,  Suter  ;  hectori,  Suter  ;  microundidata,  Suter ; 
and  aorangi,  Suter.  He  also  quoted  (op.  cit.  p.  90)  Simplicaria, 
Moiisson,  as  a  MS.  generic  term.  Dr.  von  Martens  has  proposed 
11 


162  OBSERVATIONS   ON   THE   CHAROPID^, 

"  Critical  List  of  the  Mollusca  of  New  Zealand,"  1873,  p.  12,  the 
group  (genus  1)  Flammulina  whose  first  species  (type  1)  is 
B.  omega,  Pfr. 

From  the  above  review  of  the  geuera  proposed,  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  student  of  the  Charopidce  is  better  supplied  with  divisional 
names  than  with  definitions. 

The  following  authors  have  written  upon  the  dentition  of  the 
Charopidce^' : — 

Binney,  W.  G.  :  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philad.  1875,  p.  248, 
tumuloides,  Garrett,  and  asltir,  Sou  v.;  Annals  of  the  New  York 
Academy  of  Sciences,  Vol.  iii.  pp.  88  and  89,  incerta,  Mousson, 
tumuloides,  Garrett,  huahinensis,  Pfr.,  and  astur,  Souverbie. 

Hutton  :  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  161-182,  iota,  Pfr.;  dimor- 
pha,  Pfr. ;  celinde.  Gray  ;  coina,  Gray  ;  lucetta,  Hutton  ;  gamma, 
Pfr.  ;  theta,  Pfr.  1 ;  ide.  Gray  ;  eta,  Pfr. ;  zeta,  Ff r.  ;  lambda,  Pfr. ; 
tapirina,  Hutton ;  portia,  Gray ;  venulata,  Pfr.  ;  pantJierina, 
Hutton  ;  epsilon,  Pfr. ;  pumila,  Hutton ;  alpha,  Pfr.  ;  helmsi, 
Hutton ;  fulminata,  Hutton  ;  plamdata,  Hutton  ;  and  thaisa, 
Hutton. 

Suter:  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  1890,  pp.  85-91,  mutabilis,  Suter ; 
sterkiana,  Suter ;  hrouni,  Suter ;  serpentinula,  Suter ;  hianca, 
Hutton  ;  cryptohidens,  Suter  ;  and  godeti,  Suter. 

Semper :  Reis.  im  Philip,  iii.  pi.  ii.  f.  18,  bursatella. 
Hedley  :  Records  Aust.  Museum,  i.  p.  139,  whiteleggei.  Brazier. 
Though  it  seems  a  bold  assertion,  I  consider  that  no  other 
group  of  land  shells  is  to-day  so  imperfectly  understood,  so  mis- 
represented in  standard  works,  and  so  inefficiently  figured  and 
described.  Pfeiffer  in  his  last  volume  of  the  "  Heliceorum  Viven- 
tium  "  scatters  broadcast  among  different  sections  the  species  I  wish 
to  assemble  under  Charopidce.  Of  these  forms  Fischer  (Manuel, 
p.  470)  only  mentions  Endodonta  to  associate  it  with  Discus,  Trocho- 
morpha,  &c,  Hutton  (op.  cit.  p.  200)  recognises  the  genus  Charopa, 
yet  on  p.  191  he  tears  away  from  it  the  type  coma,  a  proceeding  not 

*  The  writer  does  not  possess  the  opportunity  of  assuring  himself  by 
personal  inspection  that  all  these  species  are  correctly  referred  here. 


BY    C.  HEDLEY.  163 

justifiable  by  any  rule  of  zoology,  but  one  in  which  he  is  followed 
by  Tryon.  On  turning  to  p.  17  of  Tryon's  Manual,  2nd  Series, 
Vol.  iii.,  the  negligence  with  which  this  group  is  treated  is  at  once 
apparent ;  Charopa  and  Pitys,  though,  as  Pease  remarks,  doubt- 
fully distinct,  are  sundered  into  different  families ;  the  type 
of  Endodonta  is  misquoted  as  huahinensis ;  Pitys  is  wrongly 
fathered  upon  the  brothers  Adams  and  misdated  1855, 
while  no  intimation  is  given  of  the  preoccupation  of  Libera, 
pointed  out  in  Zoological  Record,  1881,  Index,  p.  8.  So  many 
errors  upon  a  single  page  sufficiently  destroy  our  confidence  in 
the  treatment  of  the  group  by  this  monographer. 

To  summarise  :  I  would  consider  that  "Pattda"  has  no  existence 
in  the  Pacific ;  that  the  southern  species  usually  referred  to  that 
genus  are  not  even  of  the  Helicidoi  family ;  that  these  species 
can  most  conveniently  be  referred  to  one  or  other  of  the  genera 
enumerated  above,  which  genera  may  be  grouped  under  the  sub- 
family Charopidce,  a  division  of  the  family  ZonitidcB. 

None  of  the  recorded  descriptions  fulfilling  the  exacting  require- 
ments of  modern  malacology,  I  propose  in  this  and  subsequent 
communications  to  refigure  and  redescribe  all  the  Australian 
Charopidte  of  which  I  can  obtain  authentic  specimens.  Having 
.studied  the  material  accessible  to  me,  I  shall  then  consider  the 
value  of  the  proposed  generic  divisions  ;  provisionally,  all  will  be 
quoted  as  "  Charojja." 

The  following  descriptions  and  accompanying  figures  are  based 
upon  the  author's  types,  most  kindly  placed  at  my  disposal  for 
that  purpose  by  my  friend  Lieut.  C.  E.  Beddome,  R.N.,  of  Hobart, 
Tasmania. 

Charopa  albanensis,  Cox  (1867). 
(Plate  II.  figs.  5,  6,  7,  8.) 

S  y  n. — eastbournensis,  Beddome  and  Petterd,  MSS. 

Illus°- — Monograph  Australian  Land  Shells,  pi.  iv.  fig.  2  (2 
figures);  Manual  of  Conchology  (2),  ii.  pi.  LXii.  figs.  25  and  26 
(copied  from  the  above). 


164  OBSERVATIONS    ON    THE    CHAROPID^, 

Desor"-— P.Z.S.  1867,  p.  723;  Men.  Aust.  L.  Shells,  p.  15; 
Monographia  Heliceorum  Viventium,  vii.  p.  138;  Man.  Conch. 
(2),  ii.  p.  209;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst,  xxiii.  (1890),  p.  85. 

Shell  thin,  transparent  ;  contour  sublenticular,  apex  obtuse. 
Colour  hyaline-white,  painted  above  and  below  with  very  faint 
radiating  chestnut  flames,  each  extending  over  three  costse  and 
narrower  than  the  colour  interspace,  about  17  of  these  ornament 
the  last  whorl.  Whorls  4^,  gradually  increasing  in  diameter, 
upper  whorls  deeply  channelled  at  their  superior  suture,  somewhat 
flattened  below  and  descending  tumidly  to  the  inferior  suture,  last 
whorl  not  descending  at  the  aperture,  channelled  at  the  suture, 
flattened  between  the  suture  and  the  periphery,  rounded  abruptly 
at  the  periphery  and  gently  on  the  base.  Sculpture  :  the 
embryonic  surface  is  modelled  upon  that  of  the  adult  and  consists 
of  faint  capillary  costse,  which  become  sharper  and  stouter  as  the 
growth  proceeds,  on  the  completion  of  a  whorl  and  a-half  the 
adult  sculpture  is  abruptly  substituted  for  the  embryonic ;  the 
costse  here  suddenly  change  to  four  times  the  size  of  their  prede- 
cessors, with  corresponding  increase  of  the  width  of  their  interstices, 
in  proportion  as  the  shell  increases  so  the  intercostal  spaces  widen, 
their  width  is  not  always  uniform  nor  are  the  costse  always  of 
uniform  size,  more  rarely  they  are  not  parallel,  never  do  they 
continue  across  the  suture  from  whorl  to  whorl,  on  starting  from 
the  suture  the  latest  costse  are  seen  as  sharp  erect  lamellae  directed 
square  across  the  whorl,  nearing  the  periphery  they  ti-end  obliquely 
backwards,  their  upright  crest  curling  backwards,  arrived  beneath 
the  periphery  they  steer  straight  across  the  base  to  the  rim  of  the 
umbilical  crater,  into  which  they  plunge  directly,  viewed  edgeways 
(the  apex  of  the  shell  uppermost)  each  costa  is  somewhat  the  shape 
of  a  letter  S  whose  upper  bend  has  been  straightened  ;  upon  the 
last  whorl  I  counted  83  and  upon  the  penultimate  60  costse  ; 
between  and  parallel  to  the  costse  are  from  four  to  twelve  micro- 
scopic raised  hair-lines,  which  are  crossed  at  right  angles  by  similar 
spiial  lines  ;  this  secondary  sculpture,  which  also  extends  over  the 
costie,  gives  an  appearance  of  network  to  the  shell  when  highly 
magnified,  here  and  there  a  hair-line  thickens  into  a  rudimentary 


BY    C.   HEDLEY.  165 

costa.  Umbilicus  about  a  tliird  of  the  width  of  the  shell,  deep, 
conical,  showing  every  revolution  and  almost  all  the  embryonic 
whorl,  sculptured  within  similar  to  the  spire.  Aperture  slightly 
oblique,  ovate,  lunate  ;  peristome  sharp,  straight,  except  at  the 
columellar  margin,  where  it  is  a  little  reflexed,  viewed  from  above 
the  peristome  describes  a  wide  convex,  then  a  sharper  concave 
curve  on  approaching  the  insertion.  Callus  on  body  whorl  slightly 
projecting  past  an  imaginary  straight  line  drawn  from  insertion  to 
insertion  of  the  peristome,  thin,  transparent,  just  burying  the 
costse  overtaken  by  it.     Diam.  maj.  4^,  min.  4,  alt.  2|mm. 

T  y  p  e  in  the  Cox  Collection. 

H  a  b. — Port  Albany,  West  Australia  (^Masters)  ;  Eastbourne, 
near  Avoca,  Tasmania  (Beddome). 

var.  Stanley PMsis,  Petterd  (1879). 

Syn. — petterdiana,  Taylor  (1879). 

Descr"- — Monograph  Land  Shells  of  Tasmania,  p.  32  ;  Quar- 
terly Journal  of  Conchology,  ii.  (1879),  p.  287  ;  Trans.  Ptoy.  Soc. 
S.A.  Vol.  iv.  p.  75. 

Differs  from  the  type  by  being  more  depressed,  spire  plane  or 
nearly  so. 

Type  in  the  Hobart  Museum. 

Hab. — Circular  Head,  Table  Cape,  Emu  Bay,  Torquay,  Laun- 
ceston,  and  Mount  Wellington,  Tasmania  ;  islands  in  Bass  Straits  : 
Fernshaw  (Petterd)  and  Gippsland  (Australian  Museum),  Victoria. 

var.  albida,  Taylor  (1879). 

Journ.  of  Conch,  ii.  p.  287. 

"White,  without  markings"  (J.  W.  T.). 

Type(?). 

Hab.— (1). 

Specimens  on  which  the  above  description  is  based,  being  the 
types  of  easthournenis,  exactly  coincide  with  some  of  the  original 
lot  collected  by  Masters  in  West  Australia.  From  both,  specimens 
of  stanleyensis,  collected  at  Circular  Head  and  sent  by  Petterd, 
differ  in  a  varietal  degree.     My  experienced  colleague  and  friend 


166  OBSERVATIONS    ON    THE    CHAROPIDiE, 

Mr.  Brazier,  who  examined  these  specimens  at  my  request,  fully 
concurs  with  me  in  this  opinion. 

The  extended  range  we  thus  find  possessed  by  albanensis  is 
sliared  by  its  congener  C.  paradoxa,  Cox,  and  as  our  knowledge 
of  the  fauna  of  South-Western  and  South-Eastern  Australia 
improves,  so  may  the  affinity  demonstrated  by  Hooker  between 
their  respective  floras  be  paralleled  in  the  animal  kingdom. 

These  shells  offer  another  illustration  of  the  law  pointed  out  by 
Garrett* — that  the  most  widely  diflfused  species  of  land  mollusca 
are  always  minute  ;  other  instances  are — Pu2m  jmci/ica,  Pfeiffer, 
in  Australia  ;  Stenogyra  gracilis,  Hutton,  and  Piqja  pedicula, 
Shuttleworth,  in  Polynesia  ;  Vallonia  jiulchella,  Miiller ;  Vertigo 
viuscorum,  Linne ;  Zonites  fulvus,  Draparnaud ;  Z.  viridulus, 
Menke  ;  Z.  nitidus,  Miiller  ;  Acanthinula  harpa,  Say  ;  and  Ferus- 
sacia  suhcylindrica,  Liune,  which  range  through  the  northern 
]>ortions  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  America. 

C.  ANTIALBA,  Beddome  (1879). 

(Plate  I.  figs.  5,  6,  7,  8.) 

Descr°- — Monograph  of  the  Land  Shells  of  Tasmania,  p.  41  ; 
Proc.  Eoy.  Soc.  Tasmania,  1879,  p.  23  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxii. 
1889,  p.  226. 

Shell  thin,  transparent;  contour,  a  sphere  truncated  at  the  poles, 
deeply  concave  above  and  below,  the  umbilical  excavation  deepest. 
Colour  brown,  the  shade  of  dry  dead  leaves,  streaks  of  slightly 
lighter  shade  represent  the  flame  painting  of  other  species.  Wliorls 
5,  the  earlier  enrolled  within  the  later  and  almost  concealed  by 
them.  From  the  channelled  suture  the  last  whorl  rises  perpen- 
dicularly, then  arches  outwards  to  its  summit,  from  which  it 
describes  a  curve  of  a  third  of  a  circle  to  its  base,  whence  it 
incurves  to  the  umbilical  crater.  The  characteristic  involute 
growth  does  not  occur  till  the  shell  has  attained  a  whorl  and  a 
half,  at  which  point  the  embryonic  sculpture  is  interrupted  (as 

"  Jouni.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philad.  ISSl,  p.  396. 


BY    C.  HEDLEY.  167 

described  in  albanensis)  by  the  adult  and  the  shell  at  once  com- 
mences to  widen  axia'.ly  ;  viewed  either  from  above  or  beneath, 
the  smoother  plane  embryonic  shell  is  seen  as  the  flat  floor  of  the 
spiral  or  umbilical  pit.  Sculpture  :  the  last  whorl  is  adorned 
with  150  sharp  erect  straight  costse,  which  are  seen  to  stand  out 
in  profile  on  the  periphery  like  the  teeth  of  a  circular  saw,  they 
are  directed  straight  across  the  whorl  from  the  spiral  to  the 
umbilical  sutures  and  may  be  likened  to  the  lines  of  longitude  on 
a  terrestrial  globe.  The  secondary  sculpture  varies  upon  different 
parts  of  the  shell,  that  sketched  in  the  accompanying  illustration 
is  selected  from  the  umbilical  wall  of  the  last  revolution.  U[)on 
the  spire  two  or  three  raised  hair-lines  parallel  to  the  costse  occupy 
the  intercostal  spaces,  at  right  angles  similar  hair-lines  cross  both 
these  and  the  costte,  producing  a  reticulated  appearance.  Towards 
the  periphery  these  spiral  lines  grow  faint,  while  the  intercostal 
lines  multiply  to  half-a-dozen,  within  the  umbilicus  the  transverse 
lines  diminish  and  the  spiral  sculpture  assumes  the  supremacy. 
Umbilicus  cup-shaped,  profound,  exposing  every  revolution,  a 
third  of  the  shell's  diameter  in  width.  Aperture  perpendicular, 
crescentic,  peristome  straight,  sharp,  scarcely  reflexed  on  the 
columellar  margin,  projecting  at  the  periphery  past  an  imaginaiy 
line  drawn  from  insertion  to  insertion.  Callus  smooth,  shining, 
thick,  semitransparent,  quite  burying  the  overtaken  costfe,  pro- 
jected on  the  penultimate  whorl  in  advance  of  the  peristome. 
Diam.  maj.  '2^,  min.  2\,  alt.  Ijmra. 

T  y  p  e  in  the  collection  of  C.  E.  Beddome,  Esq.,  R.N. 

H  a  b. — Gad's  Hill  and  Mount  Bischofi",  Tasmania  (Beddome) ; 
occurred  under  timber. 

var.  alba,  var.nov. 

Entirely  hyaline-white. 

Occurred  with  the  above. 

C.  BiscHOFFENSis,  Beddome  (1879). 
(Plate  I.  figs.  1,  2,  3,  4.) 
D  e  s  c  r"- — Monograph  of  the  Land  Shells  of  Tasmania,  p.  39  ; 
Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Tasmania,  1879,  p.  23. 


168  OBSERVATIONS    ON    THE    CHAROPIDJE, 

Shell  thin,  globose,  slightly  gibbous,  very  narrowly  perforated. 
Colour  brown,  some  specimens  darker  than  others  ;  the  last  whorl 
apparently  darker  than  its  predecessors.  Whorls  51  slowly 
increasing,  the  penultimate  wider  than  the  final  when  seen  from 
above,  channelled  at  the  suture,  tumid  beneath  it ;  last  whorl 
gradually  and  slightly  ascending  at  the  aperture,  rounded  at 
the  periphery  and  on  the  base.  Sculpture  everywhere  closely 
ornamented  by  microscopic  transverse  raided  hair-lines,  whose 
interstices  are  latticed  by  smaller  spiral  lines ;  upon  the  base 
there  are  distinguishable  some  thirty  faint  and  irregularly  spaced 
costge,  but  this  primat-y  sculpture  is  obsolete  above.  Embryonic 
shell  of  ^  whorls,  plane  and  nearly  smooth,  clearly  marked  off 
from  the  adult.  Umbilicus  very  narrow,  abrupt  at  the  margin, 
half  covered  by  a  tongue  of  callus.  Aperture  crescentic,  perpen- 
dicular, peristome  thin,  straight,  projecting  little  at  the  periphery. 
Callus  especially  prominent  and  heavy,  curving  obliquely  acioss 
the  whorl.     Diam.  maj.  2J,  min.  2^,  alt.  2  mm. 

Type  in  the  collection  of  C.  E.  Beddome.  Es-q.,  R.N. 

Hab. — Mt.    Bischoff,   Tasmania   (Beddome);    occurred    under 

timber. 

C.  GADENSis,  Beddome  (1879). 

(Plate  II.  tigs.  1,  2,  3,  4.) 

Descr°- — Monograph  of  the  Land  Shells  of  Tasmania,  p.  29  ; 
Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  of  Tasmania,  1879,  p.  23. 

Shell  thin,  transparent;  contour  discoidal,  spire  plane.  Colour 
hyaline-amber,  unicolorous.  Whorls  3-1,  rather  rapidly  increasing, 
deeply  channelled  at  the  suture,  rounded  on  their  summits  and  at- 
the  periphery,  flattened  somewhat  on  the  base.  Sculpture  : 
embryonic  whorls,  comprising  the  fir.st  1^  revolutions,  delicately 
sculptured  by  faint  transverse  capillary  costse,  the  adult  whoris 
are  ornamented  by  fine  capillary  costte,  of  wliich  the  last  whorl 
bears  about  175.  These  are  directed  straight  across  the  whorl, 
and  are  everywhere  crossed  \>y  very  minute  raised  hair-lines, 
which  within  the  umbilicus  grow  coarser  and  dominate  the 
transverse   lines.       Umbilicus   about  a  third  of  the  diameter  of 


BY    C.  HEDLEY.  169 

the  base,  deep,  cup-shaped,  margin  rounded.  Aperture  slightly 
oblique,  roundly  lunate,  peristome  straight,  sharp,  projecting  at 
the  periphery,  scarcely  reflexed  on  the  columellar  margin.  Callus 
projecting,  bluish-white,  thin,  just  burying  the  costse  of  the  pre- 
ceding whorl.     Diam.  maj.  2,  min.  1|,  alt.  |mm. 

Type  in  the  collection  of  C.  E.  Beddome,  Esq.,  R.N. 

Hab, — From  Gad's  Hill  to  Mt.  Bischoff,  Tasmania  (Beddome)  ; 
occurred  in  and  under  decayed  timber. 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATES. 


Plate 


Figs.  1-3. — Lateral,    superior,    and    inferior    aspects  of    the   shell  of    C. 

hiichoffensis,  Beddome.     Magnified. 
Pig.  4. — Sculpture  of  the  same.      Much  magnified. 
Pigs.  5-7. — Lateral,  superior,  and  inferior  aspects  of  the  shell  of  G.  antialba, 

Beddome.     Magnified. 
Fig.  8. — Sculpture  of  the  same.     Much  magnified. 

Plate  ii. 

Figs.  1-3. — Lateral,  superior,  and  inferior  aspects  of  the  shell  of  O.  gadensis, 

Beddome.     Magnified. 
Fig.  4. — Sculpture  of  the  same.     Much  magnified. 
Figs.  5-7. — Lateral,    superior,    and    inferior    aspects   of    the   shell    of    C. 

albaiieims,  Cox.     Magnified. 
Fig.  8. — Sculpture  of  the  same.     Much  magnified. 


170  A   SECOND    UNDESCRIBED    FORM    OF    WOMERAH, 


A  SECOND  UNDESORIBED   FORM  OF  WOMERAH 
FROM  NORTHERN  AUSTRALIA. 

By  R.  Etheridge,  Junr.,  &c. 

(Palaeontologist  to  the  Australian  Museum  and  Geological 
Survey  of  N.  S.  Wales.) 

(Plate  III.) 

Since  I  read  a  short  Note  to  the  Society  on  a  Woraerah  from 
Northern  Queensland,*  Mr.  Charles  Hedley  has  been  instrumental 
in  obtaining  for  me  the  loan  of  a  second  form  of  this  weapon  from 
the  Rev.  George  Brown,  secretary  to  the  Australasian  Methodist 
Mission,  pi'esumedly  undescribed,  and  believed  by  the  latter  to 
come  from  North  Queensland.! 

The  history  of  the  specimen  is  as  follows : — It  was  collected 
about  four  years  ago,  by  the  late  Captain  Alex.  Craig,  of  the  ship 
"  Princess  Louise."  The  ship  was  wrecked,  the  Captain  killed  on 
a  subsequent  voyage,  and  the  log  lost.     On  the  voyage  on  which 

*  P.L.S.N.S.  W.  1892,  vi.  (2),  Pt.  4,  p.  699. 

t  Additional  Note. — 14/7/92.— Mr.  Hedley  and  myself  have  found,  since 
the  publication  of  my  Paper,  a  brief  record  of  this  womerah  by  the  late 
John  Macgillivray,  who  says  : — "  The  throwing-stick  in  use  at  Cape  York 
extends  down  the  N.E.  coast  as  far  as  Lizard  Island.  .  .  .  It  is  made 
of  casuarina  wood,  and  is  generally  three  feet  in  length,  an  inch  and  a 
quarter  broad,  and  half  an  inch  thick.  At  the  end  a  double  slip  of  melon 
shell,  three  and  a  half  inches  long,  crossing  diagonally,  serves  as  a  handle, 
and  when  used  the  end  rests  against  the  palm  of  the  right  hand,  the  three 
last  fingers  grasp  the  stick,  and  the  fore  finger  and  thumb  loosely  retain 
the  spear."  [Narr.  Voy.  H.M.S.  Rattlesnake  during  the  years  1846-18^0, 
I.  1852,  p.  18.)  This  reference  thus  enables  us  to  extend  the  range  of  this 
womerah  throughout  the  Cape  York  Peninsula,  the  Gilbert  River  being 
situated  at  its  extreme  base. — R.  E.,  .Tun. 


BY    R.   ETHERIDGE,  JUN.  171 

the  womerah  was  obtained  he  made  a  trip  from  Sydney  to  the 
Torres  Straits  Islands,  thence  westward  round  Dutch  New  Guinea 
to  the  Admiralty  Islands,  and  back  to  Sydney. 

It,  therefore,  became  of  importance  to  determine  from  what 
part  of  the  Continent  this  weapon  came.  One  naturally  turns  in 
the  first  instance  for  information  to  the  late  R.  Brough  Smyth's 
tine  work  on  the  "  Aborigines  of  Victoria  ;"*  failing  that  to  the 
excellent  illustrations  given  in  Governor  Eyre's  "  Journals  of 
Expeditions  of  Discovery  into  Central  Austx-alia."  f  In  neither 
of  these  works  is  any  figure  of  the  present  womerah  given ;  but 
on  appealing  to  the  valuable  Macleay  Collection  at  the  University, 
with  the  aid  of  the  Curator,  Mr.  G.  Masters,  three  perfectly 
similar  weapons  were  unearthed,  and  all  labelled  Port  Darwin. 
So  much  for  the  district  in  which  this  form  of  throwing-stick  is 
employed.  Further  researches  amongst  other  works  failed  to 
find  any  description  of  such  an  implement  as  the  present,  but  in 
Knight's  "  Study  of  the  Savage  Weapons  at  the  Centennial 
Exhibition,  Philadelphia,  1876,"  |  are  two  rough  figures,  without 
explanations,  of  *'  Spear-throwing  Sticks,  South  Australia,"  one  of 
them  with  a  general  resemblance  to  our  womerah,  but  without 
any  detail  displayed.  South  Australia,  with  the  light  thrown 
upon  the  subject  by  the  Macleay  Museum  specimens,  must  be  an 
error,  for  the  throwing-stick s  of  the  southern  portion  of  Australia 
are  quite  of  a  different  type. 

The  womerah  is  lath-like  and  slightly  curved,  although  for  the 
first  two  feet  from  the  handle  it  is  straight,  the  curvature  then 
liecoming  gradually  marked,  and  the  blade  attenuating  to  a  sharp 
point  at  the  outer  end.  The  total  length  is  three  feet  nine  inches, 
and  two  and  a  quarter  inches  wide  at  the  lower  or  proximal  end, 
and  just  above  the  hand  hold.     The  blade  is  one-sixth  of  an  inch 

*  The  Aborigines  of  Victoria,  2  vols.  (4to.,  Melbourne,  1878  :  Govern- 
ment Printer.) 

t  Two  vols.     (Svo.,  London,  1845.) 

:;:  Ann.  Report  Board  Regents  Smithsonian  Inst,  for  1879  [1880],  p.  276, 
f.  117. 


172  A    SECOND    UNDESCRIBED    FORM    OF    WOMERAH, 

in  thickness,  and  is  quite  flexible.  The  whole  "womerah  has  been 
stiiined  red,  except  eight  inches  from  the  proximal  and  five  and  a 
half  from  the  distal  end,  which  spaces  have  been  left  uncoloured, 
and  with  the  grain  of  the  wood  showing.  At  the  proximal  end 
the  blade  has  been  cut  out  to  form  a  handle,  and  is  terminated  by 
a  more  or  less  shortly-pyriform  knob-shaped  mass  of  black  gum 
cement,  over  which  string  has  been  spirally  wound  and  interlaced 
in  a  highly  finished  manner,  tlie  whole  smeared  with  a  thin 
coating  of  gum-cement,  and  then  coloured  red  like  the  blade. 
The  string  is  at  the  edge  of  the  gum  knob  wound  three  times 
spirally,  occupying  a  space  of  somewhat  less  than  a  quarter  of  an 
inch,  then  passed  along  parallel  to  the  length  of  the  womerah  for 
the  space  of  an  inch,  and  again  following  this  for  one  and  a 
quarter  inches  in  a  spiral  direction.  The  carving  of  the  handle 
is  in  the  condition  of  very  fine,  regular,  and  beautifully  executed 
incised  lines,  extending  for  three  and  a  quarter  inches  up  the 
blade.  The  first  and  widest  band  is  of  transverse  or  spiral  lines, 
the  second  of  oblique  lines  inclined  to  the  right,  the  third  trans- 
verse, the  fourth  obliquely  inclined  to  the  left,  the  fifth  again 
transverse,  the  sixth  oblique  to  the  right  as  before,  and  the 
seventh  and  last  again  transverse,  and  the  widest  of  all.  It  will 
be  observed  that  the  oblique  lines  alternately  to  the  right  and 
left  produce  a  kind  of  herring-bone  pattern  divided  by  transverse 
bands, 

I  have  not  met  with  a  precisely  similar  ornament  in  any 
Australian  weapon  or  ornament,  although  the  simple  herring-bone 
pattern  is  not  uncommon. 

The  attenuated  distal  end  of  the  blade  is  mounted  with  a  very 
neatly  made  hard-wood  peg,  somewhat  bottle-stopper  shaped,  and 
lashed  on  by  fine  fibre  or  string. 

The  largest  of  the  Port  Darwin  womerahs  in  the  Macleay 
Museum,  precisely  similar  in  shape  to  this  one,  is  three  feet  nine 
and  a  half  inches  long,  and  two  inches  and  two-eighths  wide  at 
the  base  of  the  blade.  It  is  an  exact  counterpart  of  the  Rev.  G. 
Brown's,  but  is  coloured  throughout  the  entire  length.  The 
second  is  three  feet  five  inches  long,  and  one  and  five-eighths  at 


BY    B.  ETHERIDGE,  JUN.  173 

the  base.  It  is  without  carving  of  any  description,  wholly  coloured, 
of  much  rougher  workmanship,  the  knob  at  the  end  of  the  handle 
merely  a  ball  of  gum,  and  the  peg  and  lashing  at  the  distal  end 
washed  with  white  pipeclay  pigment.  The  third  example  is  three 
feet  five  and  three-quarter  inches  in  length,  and  two  inches  wide 
at  the  base.  It  is  wholly  coloured  red,  and  the  handle  carved, 
but  the  carving  extends  a  much  shorter  distance  up  the  blade 
than  in  Mr.  Brown's. 

As  I  have  before  said,  the  only  illustration  in  any  way 
approached  by  this  weapon  is  one  of  the  two  womerahs  from 
"  South  Australia  "  given  by  Knight.  The  blade  is  very  slightly 
curved,  the  cut-out  portion  of  the  handle  very  short,  no  carving, 
and  the  ball  end  of  the  handle  circular  and  without  sculpture. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  III. 

Fig.  1. — Upper  surface  of  womerah. 
Fig.  2. — Handle;  edge  view. 
Fig.  3. — Peg  end  ;  edge  view. 

(All  the  figures  mucli  reduced.) 


174  NOTES    AND    EXHIBITS, 


NOTES    AND    EXHIBITS. 

Mr.  Hedley  exhibited  specimens  of  Charopa  alhanensis,  Cox 
( =  eastbournensis,  Beddome  and  Petterd,  MSS.),  C.  antialha, 
Beddome,  C.  gadensis,  Beddome,  and  C.  hischoffensis,  Beddome, 
in  illustration  of  his  paper. 

Mr.  Froggatt  showed  the  insects  described  in  his  paper;  also 
coloured  drawings  of  the  same,  and  of  their  galls. 

Mr.  Etheridge  exhibited  the  peculiar  womerah  described  in  his 
paper. 

Mr.  Henry  Deane  showed  the  ordinary  flowers  of  a  seedling  of 
an  Australian  plant,  Pavonia  hastata  (N.  O.  Malvaceae),  growing 
in  his  garden  at  Hunter's  Hill ;  and  he  stated  that  he  had  hoped 
to  have  shown  also  cleistogamous  flowers  from  the  same  plant,  but 
that  his  intention  had  been  defeated  by  the  extremely  inclement 
weather.  Also  monstrous  specimens  of  Zinnia  showing  the 
transformation  of  florets  into  shoots,  a  condition  probably  induced 
by  the  continuance  of  damp  warm  weather. 


P.L.S.,N.5.W(2"dSer.)VoL.Vn 


PL  I 


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C.  Hedley   del. 


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PL.S..N.S.W(2"^  Sen)  Vol. VII 


pi.m 


C.  Hedley    del. 


175 


WEDNESDAY,  27th    APRIL,  1892. 


The  President,  Professor  Haswell,  M.A.,  D.Sc,  in  the  Chair. 


DONATIONS. 

"Archives  de  Biologie."  T.  vii.,  Ease.  4  ;  T.  x.-xi.  (1890-91)  ; 
"  Curtis's  Botanical  Magazine."  Third  Series.  Vol.  xlvi.  (1890)  ; 
"Notes  from  the  Leyden  Museum."  Vols,  xii.-xiii.  (1890-91); 
"  Nouvelles  Archives  du  Museum."  3™^  Serie.  T.  ii.  (two  parts)  ; 
T.  iii.,  Part  1  (1890-91)  :  "  Zeitschrift  fiir  wissenschaftliche 
Zoologie."  Bd.  li.-liii.,  Heft  1-3  (1890-91).  The  gift  of  the  late 
Hon.  Sir  Williain  Macleay,  F.L.S. 

"  Royal  Geographical  Society  of  Australasia  :  Queensland 
Branch — -Proceedings  and  Transactions."  Vol.  vii.,  Part  1  (1891- 
92).     From  the  Society. 

"Journal  of  the  Royal  Microscopical  Society,  1892."  Part  1 
(February).     From  the  Society. 

'•  Gesellschaf t  fiir  Erdkunde  zu  Berlin — Verhandlungen."  Band 
xix.  (1892),  No.  1;  "Zeitschrift."  Bd.  xxvi.  (1891),  No.  6. 
From  the  Society. 

"The  Journal  of  Comparative  Medicine  and  Veterinary 
Archives."  Vol.  xiii.,  Nos.  2  and  3  (February  and  March,  1892). 
From  the  Editors. 

"  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Harvard  College — Bulle- 
tin." Vol.  xxii.,  No.  4  (January,  1892);  Vol.  xxiii.,  No.  1  (Feb., 
1892).     From  the  Curator. 

"Journal  of  the  Bombay  Natural   History  Society."     Vol.  vi., 
Nos.  3  and  4  (1891).      From  the  Society. 
12 


176  DONATIONS. 

"  Smithsonian  Institution — United  States  National  Museum — 
Bulletin."  Nos.  41  and  42  ;  "Annual  Report,  1888-89."  pp.  427- 
445,  591-608,  729-735":  "Proceedings."  Vol.  xiii.  (1890);  Vol. 
xiv.,  Nos.  880-881  (1891-92).     From  the  Museum. 

"Comite  Geologique,  St.  Petersbourg — Bulletins."  Tome  ix., 
Nos.  9-10  (1890),  Tomex.,  Nos.  1-5  (1891) ;  Supplement  au  Tome 
X.  (1891);  "Memoires  du  Comite  Geologique."  Vol.  xi.,  No.  2 
(1891).     From  the  Committee. 

"  Bulletin  de  la  Societe  Imperiale  des  Naturalistes  de  Moscou." 
Annee  1891,  Nos.  2-3.     From  the  Society. 

"  Bulletin  de  la  Societe  Beige  de  Microscopie."  xviii™®  Annee, 
Nos.  3-4  (1891-92).     From  the  Society. 

"The  Australasian  Journal  of  Pharmacy."  Vol.  vii.,  Nos.  75 
and  76  (March  and  April,  1892).     From  the  Editor. 

"  Perak  Government  Gazette."  Vol.  v.,  Nos.  5-6  (February 
26th  and  March  11th,  1892).     From  the  Government  Secretary. 

"Royal  Society  of  London — Proceedings."  Vol.  L.,  Nos.  303-304 
(January,  1892).     From  the  Society. 

"Records  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  New  South  Wales." 
Vol.  ii.,  Part  4  (1892).     From  the  Hon.  the  Minister  for  Mines. 

"  Memoires  de  la  Societe  des  Naturalistes  de  Kiew."  Tome  x., 
Liv.  3-4  ;  Tome  xi.,  Liv.  1-2 ;  Supplement  au  Tome  xi.  (1892). 
From  the  Society. 

"Department  of  Agriculture,  Victoria — Bulletin."  No.  14 
(December,  1891).     From  the  Secretary  for  Agriculture. 

"Indian  Museum,  Calcutta  —  Catalogue  of  the  Mantodea." 
Nos.  1-2  (1889-91) ;  "A  Catalogue  of  the  Moths  of  India."  Parts 
1-7  (1887-89);  "Indian  Museum  Notes."  Vols,  i.-ii.,  Nos.  1-4 
(1891);  "A  Monograph  of  the  Oriental  Cicadidse."  Parts  1-4 
(1889-91).     From  the  Trustees. 

"  Zoologischer  Anzeiger."  Nos.  385-386  (February  and  March, 
1892).     From  the  Editor. 

"The  Victorian  Naturalist."  Vol.  viii.,  No.  12  (April,  1892). 
From  the  Field  Naturalists'  Club  of  Victoria. 


DONATIONS.  177 

"Bulletin  of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History." 
Vol.  iii.,  No.  2,  pp.  227-290  ]  Vol.  iv.,  No.  1,  pp.  1-32;  "Annual 
Report,  1890-91."     From  the  Museum. 

"  Johns  Hopkins  University  Circulars."  Vol.  xi.,  Nos.  9.5  and 
96  (February  and  March,  1892);  "Studies  from  the  Biological 
Laboratory."     Vol.  v.,  No.  1  (1891).     From  the  University. 

"  Annual  Report  of  the  Auckland  Institute  and  Museum  for 
1891-92."     From  the  Curator. 

"Journal  of  Morphology."  Vol.  ii.,  No.  3  (April,  1889) ;  Vol. 
iv.,  No.  1  (June,  1890) ;  Vol.  v.,  No.  2  (September,  1891).  From 
Professor  Haswell,  M.A.,  D.Sc. 

"Hooker's  Icones  Plantarum."  Fourth  Series.  Vol.  i.,  Part  4 
(January,  1892).     From  the  Bentham  Trustees. 

"  Mitteilungen  aus  dem  Natui'historischen  Museum  in  Ham- 
burg."    viii.  Jahrg.  (1890).     Froyyi  the  Director. 

Department  of  Agricultui'e,  N.S.W. — "The  Forage  Plants  of 
Australia."  By  F.  Turner,  F.L.S.,  F.R.H.S.*;  "Agricultural 
Gazette  of  New  South  Wales."  Vol.  iii..  Part  3  (March,  1892). 
Frortx  the  Director  of  Agriculture. 

"Societe  Botanique  de  Lyon — Bulletin  Trimestriel."  viii™® 
Annee,  Nos.  1-4  (1890);  ix-^^  Annee,  No.  2  (1891).  From  the 
Society. 

"Zoological  Society  of  London — Abstracts":  February  16th, 
and  Mai-ch  1st  and  15th,  1892  ;  "  Report  on  the  Additions  to  the 
Menagerie  during  the  Month  of  February,  1892."  From  the 
Society. 

Manchester  Museum,  Owens  College — Museum  Handbooks  : 
"  General  Guide  to  the  Museum  " ;  "  Catalogue  of  the  Embryo- 
logical  Models " ;  "  Outline  Classification  of  the  Animal  King- 
dom."    From  the  Keeper  of  the  Museum,. 

"  Annual  Report  of  the  Zoological  and  Acclimatisation  Society 
of  Victoria  for  the  year  1891."     From  the  Society. 

"  Journal  of  the  Cincinnati  Society  of  Natural  History."  Vol. 
xiv.,  Nos.  1-2  (1891).     From  the  Society. 


178  DONATIONS. 

"  Societe  des  Naturalistes  de  la  Nouvelle-Russie,  Odessa — 
Memoires."  T.  xvi.,  Part  2  ;  "  Memoires  de  la  Section  Mathe- 
matique."     T.  xii.  (1892).     From  the  Society . 

"American  Philosophical  Society — Proceedings."  Vol.  xxix., 
No.  135  (1891).      From  the  Society. 

"  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture — Division  of  Orni- 
thology and  Mammalogy:  North  American  Fauna."  No.  5  (1891). 
From  the  Secretary  for  Agriculture. 

"  New  York  Academy  of  Sciences — Annals."  Vol.  v.,  Extra 
Nos.  1-3  (February,  1891);  "Transactions."  Vol.  x.,  Nos.  2-6 
(1890-91).     Fro7n  the  Academy. 

"Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia — Proceedings, 
1891."     Part  2.     From  the  Academy. 

"Essex  Institute— Bulletin."  Vol.  xxi.,  Nos.  7-12  (1889); 
Vol.  xxii.,  Nos.  1-12  (1890).      From  the  Institute. 

"  Verhandlungen  der  k.-k.  zoologisch-botanischen  Gesellschaft  in 
Wien."     xli.  Band,  Quartal  1-2  (1891).     From  the  Society. 

"Canadian  Institute,  Toi-onto — Transactions."  Vol.  i.,  Part  2 
(March,  1891);  "Fourth  Annual  Eeport"  (1890-91);  "Time 
Reckoning  for  the  Twentieth  Century."  By  Stanford  Fleming, 
C.M.G.,  LL.D.,  C.E.,  &c.     From  the  Institute. 

"  Nova  Scotian  Institute  of  Natural  Science — Proceedings  and 
Transactions."     Vol.  vii..  Part  4  (1889-90).     From  the  Society. 

"  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History — Proceedings."  Vol.  xxv,, 
Parts  1-2  (1890-91).     Fro7n  the  Society. 

"American  Naturalist."  Vol.  xxvi.,  No.  301  (January,  1892). 
Frovi  the  Editors. 

"  Mittheilungen  der  Naturforschenden  Gesellschaft  in  Bern  aus 
dem  Jahre  1890."     From  the  Society. 

"Societe  Helvetique  des  Sciences  Naturelles — Actes,  73"^  Ses- 
sion "  (1890)  ;  "  Compte  Rendu,  73'"«  Session  "  (1890).  From  the 
Society. 


179 


PAPERS    READ. 


A     VIVIPAROUS    AUSTRALIAN    PERIPATUS   {P. 
LEUCKARTII,  Saeng.) 

By  J.  J.  Fletcher,  M.A.,  B.Sc. 

For  some  years  past  a  species  of  Peripatus  has  been  known  to 
occur  in  New  South  Wales  ;  and  no  one  has  ever  said  of  it  that 
after  studying  Sedgwick's  full  description  of  Perijjatus  leuckartii 
he  was  fairly  certain  that  it  did  not  belong  to  that  species,  but  to 
a  new  one.  On  the  contrary,  no  one  has  ever  called  it,  or  proposed 
to  call  it,  by  any  other  name  than  P.  leuckartii,  Sang.  Further, 
on  the  ijjse  dixit  of  Dr.  Dendy  himself  it  is  to  be  called  P. 
leuckartii  ;  for  in  two  recent  papers  he  quite  authoritatively  says 
that  P.  insignis  is  "  the  only  other  known  Australian  species  "  : 
but  P.  leuckartii  has  fifteen  pairs  of  walking  legs,  and  P.  insignis 
has  fourteen  pairs ;  and  no  Peripatus  with  other  than  fifteen 
pairs  has  hitherto  been  recorded  from  New  South  Wales.  Now 
this  New  South  Wales  Peripatus,  which  even  according  to  Dr. 
Dendy  is  P.  leuckartii,  and  which  has  never  been  otherwise 
designated,  is  not  only  as  viviparous  as  P.  capensis,  for  example, 
but  there  has  not  been,  since  the  year  1888,  the  slightest  room  for 
any  doubt  on  the  subject,  for,  among  others,  the  simple  and 
suflELcient  reason  that  the  very  first  specimen  of  it  that  was  ever 
opened,  in  the  month  of  July,  1888,  proved  to  be  in  the  same 
interesting  condition  as  the  first  specimen  of  P.  capensis  dissected 
in  1873  by  Moseley,  who  says  that  on  opening  it  he  "found  the 
animal  to  be  viviparous,  and  full  of  far-advanced  embryos."  Nor 
is  this  mere  assertion  on  my  part,  as  I  shall  presently  show,  for 
one  of  the  Australian  Peripatus  embryos  was  preserved  by  Dr. 
Haswell,  who  gave  it  to  me  in  October,  1888,  and  it  has  remained 
in  my  possession  ever  since.  This  embryo  is  approximately  at  the 
same  stage  of  development  as  one  of  Moseley's  advanced  Cape 
embryos  just  referred  to,  and,  allowing  for  the  specific  difference 


180  A    VIVIPAROUS    AUSTRALIAN    PERIPATUS, 

in  the  number  of  legs,  it  is  very  fairly  represented  by  his  figure 
thereof  (Phil.  Trans.  Vol.  clxiv,  pi.  lxxv,  fig.  3). 

Moseley's  observation  is  now  nearly  twenty  years  old,  but  to 
this  day  the  correctness  of  his  conclusion  is  undisputed.  There- 
fore, in  the  case  of  the  Australian  specimen  which  in  July,  1888, 
I  gave  to  Dr.  Has  well,  who  a  few  days  later  found  it  to  be,  full  of 
far-advanced  embryos,  told  me  of  his  experience,  promised  me  one 
of  the  embryos,  and  a  few  weeks  later  fulfilled  his  promise,  it  is 
not  at  all  clear  to  me  what  other  conclusion  any  sane  individual 
could  possibly  have  arrived  at  under  such  circumstances  than  that 
it,  too,  was  viviparous  ;  or,  this  being  so,  what  there  was  about 
this  simple  fact  in  any  way  more  remarkable  or  in  any  way 
affording  better  cause  for  undue  excitement  and  exultation  than 
that  John  Gould  or  his  predecessors  should  have  actually  found 
that  Australian  birds,  like  birds  in  other  countries,  were  unques- 
tionably oviparous. 

Moseley  calls  such  a  specimen  as  that  he  refers  to,  a  pregnant 
specimen  ;  and  I  have  said  of  the  Australian  specimen  in  question 
that  on  dissection  it  proved  to  be  pregnant,  as  anyone  will  see  on 
turning  to  the  Proceedings  of  this  Society  for  1888  [Vol.  iii.  (2nd 
ss.).  Part  2,  p.  892,  footnote]  ;  and  as  Dr.  Haswell,  who  made  the 
dissection,  is,  I  am  glad  to  say,  still  in  Sydnej',  I  need  not  enlarge  on 
the  subject  of  the  agreement  of  the  statement  with  the  facts ;  it 
suflB.ces  to  say  that  not  only  had  a  pregnant  specimen  been  met 
with  as  far  back  as  the  year  1888,  but  that  the  fact  is  on  record. 

And  this  was  only  the  first  of  a  series  of  experiences,  each  by 
itself  sufficient  to  establish  the  undoubtedly  viviparous  nature  of 
the  Peripatus  with  which  we  had  to  deal,  and  which  has  never 
been  called  anything  but  P.  leuckartii.  But  even  so,  what  was 
there  to  make  a  fuss  about  1  No  unprejudiced  critic  can  deny 
that  to  anyone  of  the  stamp  of  O.  W.  Holmes's  youthful 
correspondent,  "  who  longed  to  leap  at  a  single  bound  into 
celebrity,"  there  certainly  was  here  presented  an  opportunity  of 
gaining,  if  not  celebrity,  at  least  a  little  cheap  notoriety,  or, 
failing  that,  an  inexpensive  method  of  putting  himself  abundantly 
en  evidence  on  very  slight  provocation.  Otherwise,  and  as  Peripatus 
was  viviparous  all  along  the  line,  and  the  Australian  P.  leuckartii 


BY    J.  J.   FLETCHER.  181 

simply  and  naturally  came  up  into  line,  there  was  just  as  little 
need  to  rush  into  print  with  sensational  announcements  about  it 
as  there  is  for  an  ornithologist  who  finds  the  previously  unknown 
eggs  of  an  already  described  bird,  or  a  previously  undescribed 
bird  and  its  eggs,  with  a  flourish  of  trumpets  to  flood  the  scientific 
journals  with  announcements  of  a  new  and  rare  discovery.  A 
brief  but  correct  record  of  the  matter  was  made  for  future 
guidance ;  and  that  was  sufficient. 

At  this  time  Dr.  Dendy  and  the  Australian  Peripatus  were 
strangers  and  had  not  met ;  one  could  not  therefore  he  expected 
to  provide  against  such  a  contingency  as  that  on  July  31st,  1891, 
a  Victorian  naturalist  should  arise  and  say  with  an  emphasis  which 
quite  settles  the  matter,  that  Peripatus  leuckartii,  the  common  30- 
legged  Peripatus  of  Eastern  Australia,  is  not  viviparous  at  all,  that 
it  difiers  widely  in  this  respect  from  all  other  known  species,  and 
that  before  the  date  mentioned  nobody  knew  anything  whatever 
about  its  mode  of  reproduction,  or  as  he  puts  it,  "  Hitherto  [i.e., 
prior  to  July  31sfc,  1891]  little  has  been  known  of  its  habits,  and 
nothing  of  its  mode  of  reproduction  "  ;  in  reply  to  which  I  may 
say  that,  as  regards  the  New  South  Wales  Peripatus,  at  least, 
while  all  this  is  both  entertaining  and  amusing,  the  Victorian 
naturalist  in  question  seems  to  have  arrived  a  little  late  on  the 
scene,  and  to  have  got  ofi"  the  track  and  to  have  lost  himself  en 
route,  because  there  is  no  difficulty  whatever  in  proving,  even  to 
his  satisfaction,  that  the  New  South  Wales  Peripatus  was 
viviparous  in  18S8,  that  it  is  still  viviparous  in  1892,  and  that  in 
the  interval  it  was  also  viviparous ;  or  that  it  does  not  differ,  and 
within  the  period  mentioned  has  not  difl^erej,  from  extra- 
Australian  species  in  respect  of  its  viviparity. 

In  four  recent  papers*  [Nature,  Sept.  17th,  1891  ;  Victorian 
Naturalist,  Sept.,  1891  ;  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  of  Victoria,  Vol.  iv.  n.s. 

*  These  are  severally  entitled  :  "An  Oviparous  Species  of  Peripatus" 
[the  only  Australian  species  referred  to  in  the  text  being  P.  leuckartii] ; 
"The  Mode  of  Reproduction  of  P.  leuckartii"  ;  "On  the  Oviparity  of  P. 
leuckartii"  ;  and  "  The  Reproduction  of  P.  leuckartii."  In  two  of  them  P. 
insignis  is  referred  to  as  "  the  only  other  Australian  species  "or  "  the  only 
other  known  Australian  species." 


182  A   VIVIPAROUS    AUSTRALIAN    PERIPATUS, 

p.  31 ;  and  Zoologischer  Anzeiger,  December  28th,  1891]  Dr. 
Dendy  has  announced  the  discovery  that  P.  leuckartii — meaning 
thereby  any  Australian  Peripatus  which  is  not  referable  to  the 
28-legged  F.  insignis — is  oviparous,  that  until  he  made  this 
discovery  nobody,  more  particularly  myself,f  knew  anything  about 
its  mode  of  reproduction,  and  that  it  appears  from  my  observa- 
tions that  the  young  are  hatched  in  October.  If  all  or  any  of 
this  be  correct,  then  of  course  the  object  given  to  me  by  Professor 
Haswell  and  referred  to  above  as  an  embryo,  is  not  and  cannot  be 
such,  but  it  must  be  considered  to  be  a  yolk  granule — a  yolk 
granule  with  a  pair  of  rudimentary  antennae,  and  fifteen  pairs  of 
developing  walking  legs,  but  only  a  yolk  granule,  however 
remarkable,  nevertheless !  For  since  Dr.  Dendy  describes  the 
deposited  eggs  of  P.  leuckartii  as  consisting  of  "  milky  fluid 
contents  containing  very  many  yolk  granules,  but  with  no  appear- 
ance of  an  embryo,"  it  is  obviously  impossible  that  advanced 
embryos  could  be  present  in  younger  (intra-uterine)  ova  of  such 
an  animal. 

Clearly,  therefore.  Dr.  Dendy  would  have  done  well  either 
to  have  confined  his  remarks  entirely  to  the  mode  of  reproduc- 
tion of  the  Victorian  Peripatus,  or  else  to  have  been  quite  sure 
of  his  ground.  Because  as  set  forth  in  his  four  papers  Dr.  Dendy 
has  committed  himself  to  definite  statements  about  Peripatus 
leuckartii  which  when  applied  to  the  New  South  Wales  Peripatus 
are  simply  preposterous  ;  and  when  they  are  applied  to  the 
Victorian  Peripatus  are  found,  in  view  of  subsequently  ascertained 
facts,  to  be  in  need  of  so  much  limitation  and  qualification  that 
when  they  come  to  be  soberly  restated  in  a  modified  form  they 
may  well  be  excused  from  knowing  themselves  when  placed  beside 

t  In  three  of  Dr.  Dendy's  papers  I  am  referred  to  as  "  the  only  observer, 
so  far  as  I  am  aware,  who  has  said  anything  of  its  [P.  leuckartii]  hfe- 
history."  Of  course  I  knew  nothing,  because  prior  to  July  31st,  lo91, 
"  nothing  [was]  knovvn  of  its  [P.  leuckartii]  mode  of  reproduction  "  ;  what 
there  was  to  know  was  that  P.  leuckartii  was  oviparous  and  differed 
widely,  &c.  I  have  never  said  a  word  in  the  past  on  the  subject  of  the 
life-history  of  any  but  N.S.W.  specimens  of  P.  leuckartii ;  and  what  I  said 
about  these  was  quite  in  order. 


BY    J.  J.  FLETCHER.  183 

the  somewhat  inflated  and  pretentious  originals.     And  the  clue 
to  what  has  happened  may  be  oflfered  in  a  few  words. 

Both  Hutton  and  Sedgwick — the  former  as  long  ago  as  1876 — 
had  found  that  sometimes  the  New  Zealand  Peripatus  deposited 
eggs,  and  being  cautious  naturalists  and  duly  mindful  of  a  certain 
time-honoured  wise  saying — which  a  recent  observer  has  con- 
clusively shown  to  be  every  whit  as  applicable  to  the  Victorian 
Peripatus  as  to  the  ordinary  barn-door  fowl  —  they  did  not 
commence  operations  by  straightway  proceeding  to  count  the 
chicks — or  at  least  not  aloud  and  in  print — on  the  very  day  on 
which  the  eggs  were  found  some  months  in  advance  of  the  date 
at  which  even  on  a  very  moderate  estimate,  and  under  the  most 
favourable  circumstances  possible,  the  young  could  be  expected  to 
hatch,  if  indeed  that  were  to  happen  at  all  :  on  the  contrary, 
they  first  waited  to  see  what  happened,  and  then  talked,  not 
about  what  they  had  expected  to  happen,  but  what  they  actually 
found  to  have  happened  ;  and  so  Hutton  says  "  Although  vivi- 
parous, the  eggs  are  often  extruded  before  development  is 
complete;  but  these  always  die  "  [Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (4)  1876, 
XVIII,  p.  362],  and  Sedgwick  in  his  Monograph  on  Peripatus  says 
he  can  corroborate  Hutton.  This,  it  might  not  unreasonably  be 
expected,  would  be  enough  to  put  subsequent  egg-finders  on  their 
guard  about  discussing  with  confidence — in  print  at  any  rate — 
the  possibilities  of  such  eggs  before,  instead  of  after,  the  hatching 
of  the  young.  Now,  on  July  31st,  1891,  Dr.  Dendy  found  a 
batch  of  Victorian  Peripatus  eggs — the  only  Australian  Peripatus 
eggs  anybody  has  ever  met  with — and  two  of  his  papers  about 
them  are  dated  July  31st,  not  1892  but  1891,  a  thii'd  was  read 
on  August  10th,  1891,  and  the  fourth  on  August  13th,  1891,  but 
bears  a  postscript  of  date  September  4th,  1891 ;  whereas  the 
eggs  at  the  very  earliest  were  not  expected  to  hatch  before  the 
end  of  October,  and  even  at  that  particular  early  period  on  quite 
erroneous  grounds.  Moreover,  no  one  of  them  contains  any 
reference  whatever  to  the  experiences  of  Hutton  and  Sedgwick 
with  the  eggs  of  the  New  Zealand  Peripatus ;  and  Dr.  Dendy 
argues  as  if  the  eggs  found  by  himself  were  the  only  Peripatus 
eggs  ever  met  with,  as  if  he  knew  for  certain  that  they  were 


184  A    VIVIPAROUS    AUSTRALIAN    PERIPATUS, 

fertilised  ova,  and  bound  to  hatch  "  at  the  end  of  October," — 
for  though  I  knew  nothing  about  the  mode  of  reproduction,  Dr. 
Dendy  shows  to  his  own  satisfaction  that  my  observations,  which, 
have  reference  solely  to  a  viviparous  Peripatus,  supplied  the 
finishing  touch  to  his  splendid  generalizations  on  the  oviparity  of 
P.  leuckartii — and  as  if  the  N.S.W.  Peripatus  was  not,  and  could 
not  possibly  be  viviparous ;  consequently  some  new  and  remark- 
able conclusions  are  arrived  at,  and  as  so  often  happens  under  such 
circumstances,  the  new  turns  out  not  necessarily  to  be  all  true, 
because,  in  spite  of  Dr.  Dendy's  discoveries,  among  other  things, 
the  New  South  Wales  Peripatus  is  viviparous,  and  when  the 
Victorian  Peripatus  does  lay  eggs  in  July,  not  only  are  the  young 
not  hatched  therefrom  "  at  the  end  of  October,"  or  anywhere  near 
that  date,  but  at  present,  as  far  as  I  can  learn,  no  one  is  bold 
enough  to  affirm  that  lie  ever  knew  a  single  instance  in  which 
young  ever  did  hatch  from  such  eggs. 

If  the  Victorian  Peripatus  really  is  oviparous,  then  it  is 
oviparous,  and  when  the  matter  is  settled  nobody  can  raise  any 
objections  to  its  being  so  :  in  that  case  also  the  mode  of  repi-o- 
duction  of  the  Victorian  Peripatus  will  certainly  differ  from  that 
of  the  New  South  Wales  Peripatus,  and  if  such  be  true,  no  valid 
objection  to  that  can  be  raised  ;  indeed  perhaps  certain  cynics,  on 
other  than  biological  grounds,  might  be  disposed  to  aver  that  if 
the  N.S.W.  Peripatus  certainly  were  one  thing,  that  in  itself 
would  be  full  and  sufficient  reason  why,  on  princi[)le,  the  Victorian 
Peripatus  should  be  something  else  as  widely  different  as  possible ; 
but  with  such  we  are  not  now  concerned.  Dr.  Dendy's  modest 
claim  is  not,  however,  merely  that  he  has  proved  that  the 
Victorian  Peripatus  is  oviparous,  but  that  the  common  30-legged 
Australian  Pei-ipatus  wherever  it  occurs  is  so ;  and  that  until  he 
shared  his  discovery  with  the  world,  he  alone  of  all  mortals 
knew  anything  of  its  mode  of  reproduction.  To  this  it  may  be 
objected  that  Dr.  Dendy's  announcements  were  premature,  and 
that  in  part  they  were  based  on  the  erroneous  supposition  that 
P.  leuckartii,  as  it  occurs  in  New  South  Wales,  is  not  viviparous ; 
that  if  the  oviparity  of  the  Victorian  Peripatus  were  eventually 
established,  not  even  then  would  Dr.  Dendy's  statements  about 


BY    J.  J.   FLETCHER.  185 

the  mode  of  reproduction  of  the  supposed  oviparous  P.  leuckartii 
still  apply  to  it  without  modification  ;  that  the  statement  or 
implication  that  P.  leuckartii  is  oviparous  cannot  be  allovi'ed  to 
pass  muster  until  it  is  shown  either  that  the  New  South  Wales 
Peripatus  is  not  viviparous,  or  that  it  cannot  correctly  be  referred 
to  that  species ;  and  that  the  wide  difference  in  the  mode  of 
development  of  P.  leuckartii  as  compared  with  all  other  known 
species  is  not  proved,  since  the  N.S.W.  Peripatus  is  viviparous, 
and  in  the  case  of  the  Victorian  Peripatus,  if  the  wide  difference 
consists  in  this  that  "the  young  are  hatched  at  the  end  of 
October,"  that  wide  difference  has  now  vanished,  while  if  it  lie 
that  eggs  were  once  deposited,  then  on  the  same  grounds  Dr. 
Dendy  should  have  stated  that  the  New  Zealand  Peripatus  was 
sometimes  oviparous.  Hence,  under  any  circumstances  whatever, 
explanations  and  restatements  are  necessary. 

And  as  Dr.  Dendy  does  not  now  for  the  first  time  hear  that 
P.  leuckartii  as  it  occurs  in  New  South  Wales,  is  indisputably 
viviparous,  and  does  not  in  its  mode  of  reproduction  differ  widely 
from  all  other  known  species,  and  that  there  has  never  been  any 
reason  to  suppose  otherwise,  it  would  have  been  just  as  well  if  an 
early  opportunity  of  making  the  necessary  modifications  and  of 
setting  matters  straight,  had  been  found,  because  already  his 
unmodified  statements  are  finding  their  way  into  the  records  of 
zoological  literature,  and  confusion  and  misapprehension  must 
necessarily  result.  For  example  in  Part  i.  of  the  Journal  of  the 
Royal  Microscopical  Society  for  1892,  recently  to  hand,  there  is  (p. 
37)  an  abstract  of  one  of  Dr.  Dendy's  papers,  and  it  there  occurs  this 
wondrous  statement,  a  perfectly  legitimate  deduction  by  a  recorder 
whose  bona  fides  is  not  to  be  questioned  :  "  The  eggs  [of  P. 
leuckartii?^  appear  to  be  laid  in  or  about  July,  and  the  young  are 
hatched  at  the  end  of  October."  As  a  joke,  or  even  as  a  fairy 
tale,  this  is,  of  course,  perfectly  admirable,  becavise — and  we  may 
here  leave  the  viviparous  N.S.W.  Peripatus  entirely  out  of  con- 
sideration for  a  moment — there  must  be  a  considerable  number  of 
individual  specimens  of  Peripatus  within  the  territory  of  Victoria, 
where,  we  are  told,  Peripatus  is  not  an  uncommon  constituent  of 
that  section  of  the  invertebrate  fauna  which  lives  out  of  sight 


186  A    VIVIPAROUS    AUSTRALIAN    PERIPATUS, 

daring  the  day  time;  and  if  only  a  fair  proportion  of  the  adult 
females  lay  their  eggs  in  July  of  any  given  year,  and  if  at  the  end 
of  October  following  only  a  fair  proportion  of  young  are  hatched 
therefrom — and  we  have  it  on  high  authority  that  the  eggs  are 
laid  in  July,  and  that  the  young  are  hatched  at  the  end  of 
October — it  follows  that  except  perhaps  in  very  unfavourable 
years  there  ought  annually  to  be  a  large  accession  to  the  Victorian 
Peripatus  fauna  just  about  October  31st:  yet  if  the  entire  human 
population  of  Victoria  were  to  turn  out  en  masse  and  for  a  period 
of  one  month,  six  weeks,  two  months,  and  for  how  much  longer 
we  have  not  yet  been  told,  dating  from  November  1st,  were  to 
devote  themselves  enthusiastically  and  exclusively  to  a  search, 
over  the  whole  area  of  the  colony  of  Victoria,  for  the  young  of 
the  Victorian  Peripatus  just  hatching  or  newly  hatched  from  eggs 
laid  in  July  previous,  the  enthusiasts  would  find  themselves 
engaged  in  a  quest  not  less  fruitless  than  if  the  same  amount  of 
time  and  energy  had  been  given  to  the  acquisition  of  specimens 
of  the  famous  Australian  bunyip.  There  are  no  bunyips  to  be 
captured  in  the  Australian  bush  nowadays,  neither  at  the  time 
and  under  the  circumstances  mentioned  are  there  any  newly 
hatched  young  of  P.  leuckartii,  for  the  latter  are  then  as  intensely 
"  cryptozoic"  and  as  altogether  non-existent  as  the  former.  Then 
what  a  beautiful  instance  of  unerring  skill  in  forecasting  the 
future,  and  in  being  able,  at  the  first  time  of  asking  and  on  such 
slender  evidence,  to  fix  so  precisely,  not  on  the  beginning  nor  on 
the  middle,  but  on  the  end  of  October  as  the  time  when  the  impossible 
happens,  is  presented  in  the  passage  quoted  ;  what  an  innocent- 
looking  pitfall  for  the  unwary — writer  of  a  textbook  it  may  be  ; 
and  what  a  splendid  chance  of  supplementing  the  catalogue  of 
topsy-turvy  biological  and  other  arrangements  prevailing  at  the 
Antipodes,  given  by  the  late  Mr.  Barron  Field  who  says,  "But 
this  is  New  Holland  ....  where  the  kangaroo,  an  animal 
between  the  squirrel  and  the  deer,  has  five  claws  on  its  fore-paws, 
and  three  talons  on  its  hind-legs,  like  a  bird,  and  yet  hops  on  its 
tail ;  .  .  .  .  where  the  pears  are  made  of  wood,  with  the 
stalk  at  the  broader  end ;  and  where  the  cherry  grows  with  the 
stone  outside"  (pp.  4G1-462) ! 


BY    J.  J.   FLETCHER.  187 

And  therefore  viewing  the  matter  in  a  serious  light,  and 
leaving  misleading  analogies  and  groundless  expectations  out  of 
sight,  and  having  regard  only  to  the  simple  truth,  what  can  be 
said  of  the  latter  clause  at  least  of  the  above-quoted  passage 
than  that  it  is  simply  an  exploded  fable,  a  delusion  and  a  snare? 
For,  taking  the  passage  as  a  whole,  and  as  it  stands,  to  what 
known  Australian  species  of  Peripatus  is  Dr.  Dendy  prepared  to 
maintain  that  it  can  be  truthfully  applied?  In  other  words,  is  it 
intended  to  be  sober  truth  embodying  the  latest  contribution  to  a 
knowledge  of  the  life-history  of  the  viviparous  N.S.W.  Peripatus, 
which  Dr.  Dendy  says  is  oviparous,  which  has  never  been  known 
to  lay  eggs  in  July,  or  to  that  of  the  Victorian  Peripatus,  whose 
young  have  never  been  known  to  hatch  at  the  end  of  October  or 
thereabouts  1  For  one  of  the  most  important  results  arrived  at  by 
Dr.  Dendy,  so  far,  and  at  a  date  subsequent  to  that  on  which  each 
of  his  four  papers  was  written,  is  that  the  eggs  found  by  him  on 
July  31st — the  only  known  Australian  Peripatus  eggs  so  far 
known — the  possession  of  which  on  that  date  enabled  him  to 
prove  so  much,  among  other  things,  that  P.  leiickartii  as  it  occurs 
in  N.S.W.  was  certainly  oviparous,  utterly  failed  to  come  up  to 
expectations,  and  that  the  young  did  not  hatch  therefrom  '•  at  the 
end  of  October"  ;  for  it  appears  from  the  Presidential  Address  of 
Professor  Baldwin  Spencer  delivered  in  Section  D  at  the  Tasmanian 
Meeting  of  the  Australasian  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science,  on  January  9th,  1892,  in  which  the  Peripatus  eggs  in 
question  are  referred  to,  that  at  that  time  [or  to  allow  for  a  small 
margin  let  us  say  up  to  December  31st]  they  were  still  only  in 
course  of  development,  and  he  adds  "  that  the  embryos  will 
apparently  soon  be  hatched  out."  Hence  "at  the  end  of  October" 
is  clearly  an  impostor,  and  may  as  well  be  thrown  overboard  once 
and  for  all. 

Hutton  and  Sedgwick  met  with  New  Zealand  Peripatus  eggs, 
and  they  found  that  young  did  not  hatch  therefrom.  Dr.  Dendy 
on  July  31st  found  Australian  Peripatus  eggs,  and  though  on  that 
date  he  knew  exactly  what  would  happen  on  or  about  October  31st, 
still  up  to  December  31st  he  seems  to  have  found  himself  pretty 
much  in  the  same  position,  or  at  least  in  a  position  of  extraor- 


188  A    VIVIPAROUS    AUSTRALIAN    PERIPATUS, 

dinarily  deferred  expectation,  viewed  from  the  confident 
standpoint  of  July  31st. 

The  expected  young  may  subsequently  have  hatched,  or  they 
nirty  not  have  hatched,  or  they  may  yet  hatch,  or  they  may  never 
hatch  at  all ;  I  cannot  find  any  reference  to  the  subject  of  later 
date  than  Professor  Spencer's  Address,  of  which  he  has  recently 
very  kindly  sent  me  a  copy.  But  whatever  has  happened  or  may 
happen  in  this  matter,  is  quite  immaterial  just  now,  for  I  am  not 
directly  concerned  with  the  mode  of  reproduction  of  the  Victorian 
Peripatus,  nor  is  it  a  subject  on  which  in  the  past  I  have  ever 
said  a  word.  What  we  are  directly  concerned  with  at  present  is 
that  the  beautiful  myth  that  the  young  of  P.  leuckartii  "  are 
hatched  at  the  end  of  October"  from  eggs  laid  in  July  previous, 
has  now  received  a  well-merited  quietvis  at  Dr.  Dendy's  own 
hands ;  and  with  it  also  the  altogether  fabulous  Australian 
Peripatus — Avhich  would  have  been  such  a  treasure  to  Mr.  Field 
— whose  young  complete  their  development  after  deposition  of  the 
eggs  in  which  there  is  no  sign  of  an  embryo,  in  the  astonishingly 
short  period  of  from  three  to  four  months — or,  say,  from  July  1st 
to  October  31st. 

That  on  Mt.  Kosciusko  at  such  an  elevation  as  5700  feet, 
at  which  Peripatus  leuckartii  was  found  by  Mr.  R.  Helms, 
Peripatus  should  lay  its  eggs  in  what  we  may  call  almost  mid- 
winter, and  that  the  eggs  should  hatch  at  the  end  of  October, 
when  some  at  least,  if  not  the  greater  part,  of  this  period  would 
certainly  be  included  in  the  months  to  which  Mr.  Helms  refers 
when  he  says  that  "  it  must  be  remembered  that  this  locality  for 
at  least  from  four  to  five  months  [in  the  year]  is  frequently 
covered  with  several  feet  of  snow,"  and  where  even  as  early  as 
19th  March  Mr.  Helms  says  he  experienced  frosty  nights,  would  be 
on  the  face  of  it  so  extravagantly  improbable — unless  the  develop- 
ment of  the  eggs  of  an  oviparous  Peripatus  can  steadily  proceed  at 
a  temperature  of  about  freezing  point  or  lower — as  never  to  have 
been  worth  serious  consideration.  And  not  less  improbable,  except 
with  the  same  limitation,  would  it  be  of  P.  leuckartii  at  an  elevation 
of  over  3000  feet  on  the  Blue  Mountains,  at  which  I  myself  have 
found  it. 


BY    J.  J.  FLETCHER.  189 

And  if  it  be  asked  why  the  month  of  October  should  have  been 
imported  into  the  matter  at  all,  any  one  of  Dr.  Dendy's  four 
papers  will  supply  an  answer.  This  is  one  of  them  :  "  It  thus 
appears  that  P.  leuckartii  lays  eggs  in  July  or  thereabouts ;  and 
it  appears  also,  from  Mr.  Fletcher's  observations,  with  which  it 
will  be  seen  that  my  own  fit  in  very  well  so  far,  that  the  young 
are  hatched  at  the  end  of  October"  (Proc.  R.S.  Vict.  iv.  (n.s.)  p. 
33).  This,  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  state,  is  entirely  Dr.  Dendy's 
own  version  of  the  matter,  and  in  flat  contradiction  to  my  expe- 
rience and  statements ;  and  I  wholly  repudiate  any  connection 
with  it.  I  never  irrationally  supposed  that  the  young  specimens 
met  with  by  me  in  October,  1888,  were  hatched  from  eggs  laid  by 
an  oviparous  animal  some  months  before,  I  do  not  believe  so  now, 
and  I  have  never  made  any  statements  which  could  possibly  lead, 
or  rather  mislead.  Dr.  Dendy  or  any  one  else  to  suppose  so. 
Quite  the  contrary ;  what  I  said  was  that  of  two  females  once  in  my 
possession,  one  on  dissection  proved  to  be  pregnant — a  perfectly 
correct  use  of  the  term  sanctioiaed  by  so  good  an  authority  as 
Moseley — and  that  the  other  died  shortly  after  giving  birth  to 
four  young  ones,  which  I  exhibited  at  a  meeting  of  this  Society 
in  October,  1888.  My  statements  I  can  fully  and  convincingly 
justify ;  but  Dr.  Dendy  has  just  as  fully  and  convincingly  shown 
the  absurdity  of  his  own  conclusions  respecting  them  liy  himself 
proving,  firstly,  that  my  observations  when  they  are  not  misre- 
presented so  far  from  fitting  in  very  well  with  his  own  are 
diametrically  opposed  to  them  ;  and  secondly,  that  when  the 
Victorian  Peripatus  does  lay  eggs  in  July,  young  are  not  hatched 
therefrom  "  at  the  end  of  October  "  or  anywhere  near  that  date. 

Moseley  was  the  first  to  announce  that  Peripatus  was  vivipa- 
rous ;  and  as  he  unhesitatingly  stated  this  to  be  the  case,  it  is 
important  to  consider  for  a  moment  the  evidence  on  which  he 
relied,  because  at  the  time  his  classical  paper  was  written  he 
clearly  did  not  know  the  month  in  Avhich  the  young  were  born, 
he  had  not  witnessed  the  birth  of  the  young,  and  he  had  never 
even  seen  the  newly  born  young ;  and  it  is  equally  clear  that  it 
was  not  possible  for  him  to  have  known  the  one  or  seen  the  others. 
What   he   says  on    these   points    is :     "  The    breeding-period   of 


190  A    VIVIPAROUS    AUSTRALIAN    PERIPATUS, 

F.  capensis  is  thus  probably  the  months  of  November,  December 
and  January,  the  three  Cape  summer  months.  Observations  are 
required  on  the  mode  of  congress  of  the  sexes,  and  on  the  time  and 
manner  of  the  birth  of  the  young "  (p.  766).  The  subsequent 
investigations  of  Sedgwick  established  the  fact  that  the  young  of 
P.  capetisis  are  born  in  April  and  May  (Monograph,  p.  165)  ; 
Moseley's  stay  at  the  Cape  in  H.M.S.  "  Challenger  "  lasted  from 
October  28th  to  December  17th,  1873,  and  his  paper  (Phil.  Trans. 
Vol,  clxiv.  p.  757)  is  marked  "received  April  9,  read  May  21, 
1874."  His  own  words  on  the  subject  of  viviparity  are:  '^  Peri- 
patics  was  naturally  the  first  animal  sought  after  by  the  naturalists 
of  the  'Challenger'  expedition  on  their  arrival  at  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  and  I  was  lucky  enough  to  find  a  considerable  number 
of  specimens  on  the  very  first  occasion  of  searching  for  them. 
My  intention  had  been  only  to  try  to  keep  the  animals  alive,  so  as 
to  obtain  their  eggs  and  watch  their  development,  but  on  opening 
one  large  specimen  I  immediately  recognised  the  presence  of 
trachete,  and  found  the  animal  to  be  viviparous  and  full  of  far-, 
advanced  embryos"  (I.e.  p.  757).  In  this  passage  it  is  noticeable 
that  Moseley  speaks  of  his  finding  the  animal  to  be  viviparous 
before  he  mentions  embryos.  From  "  Notes  of  a  Naturalist  on 
the  'Challenger'"  it  further  appears  (p.  161)  that  the  specimen 
referred  to  was  the  first  specimen  met  with.  Moseley  thus 
furnishes  a  safe  criterion  for  determining  whether  a  species  of 
Peripatus  is  viviparous ;  and  not  only  so,  but  he  also  gives 
authority  for  speaking  of  such  a  specimen  as  that  to  which  he 
refers  as  a  pregnant  specimen.  For  he  says  that  "  of  twenty 
female  specimens  dissected  only  one  was  found  which  did  not 
contain  embryos  in  some  stage  of  development"  (p.  766),  and  (on 
p.  767)  "and  in  nearly  all  the  pregnant  specimens  examined,  &c.," 
and  on  p.  771  "  the  period  of  pregnancy  "  of  two  of  them  is  spoken 
of,  while  the  specimen  not  containing  embryos  is  alluded  to  as 
"  though,  as  before-mentioned,  one  still  virgin  female  was  found." 
Clearly,  then,  Moseley  uses  the  term  pregnant  in  the  ordinary 
etymological  sense  of  being  "in  the  condition  preparatory  to 
bringing  forth  young,"  or,  briefly,  "with  young."  Additional 
authority  for  the  use  of  the  word  in  connection  with  Peripatus  is. 


BY    J.  J.   FLETCHER.  191 

if  necessary,  furnished  by  Sclater,  who  after  speaking  of  the 
embryos  contained  in  the  uterus  of  the  S.  American  species  which 
he  proposed  to  call  P.  iinthurni,  goes  on  to  say  of  breeding 
females  :  "  I  am  unable  to  say  whether  they  are  pregnant  all  the 
year  round,  but  it  seems  probable  that  this  is  the  case."  * 

And  as  Moseley's  knowledge  of  the  viviparous  nature  of  P. 
capensis  was  thus  entirely  derived  from  the  study  of  pregnant 
specimens,  as  he  himself  terms  them,  and  as  his  observations  on 
this  point,  the  correctness  of  which  has  never  been  questioned,  are 
simply  a  record  of  pregnant  specimens,  it  is  quite  clear  that  in 
dealing  with  other  species  of  Peripatus  about  whose  mode  of 
reproduction  nothing  was  previously  known,  any  observer  who 
meets  with  a  female  containing  embryos  knows  ipso  facto  that  he 
has  to  do  with  a  viviparous  species,  he  is  entitled  to  speak  of  such 
a  specimen  as  pregnant  and  is  correct  in  so  doing,  and  a  record  of 
a  pregnant  specimen  is  a  record  of  a  viviparous  species.  And  if 
instead  of  taking  the  embryos  out  of  the  uterus  oneself,  they 
should  be  extruded  during  the  process  of  drowning  the  mothers — 
by  which  means,  as  Sedgwick  has  recommended,  one  can  obtain 
uncontracted  specimens — owing,  as  I  suppose  to  the  continued 
struggles,  this  obviously  is  only  another  phase  of  the  same  thing, 
and  is  quite  as  satisfactory  evidence  of  viviparity. 

I  tirst  met  with  living  specimens  of  the  N.S.W.  Peripatus  in 
June,  1888,  and  on  the  27th  of  that  month  I  exhibited  three  of 
them  at  a  Meeting  of  this  Society,  a  notice  of  the  exhibit  appearing 
in  due  course  in  the  Proceedings  [Vol.  iii.  (2),  Part  ii,  p.  892 — 
published  September  10th].  The  subsequent  history  of  two  of 
these  specimens — the  third  made  good  her  escape,  and  I  lost  all 
trace  of  her — is  soon  told.  Dr.  Haswell  was  desirous  of  examining 
the  muscles  of  Peripatus  in  the  fresh  condition  [vide  his  Note  on 
the  subject  in  Report  of  Austral.  Assoc.  Adv.  of  Sc.  Vol.  ii.  p. 
487]  and  I  promised  him  one  of  my  specimens,  and  within  a  fort- 
night after  the  meeting  I  sent  it  to  him.  A  few  days  afterwards 
when  I  next  saw  him,  he  told  me  that  he  had  utilised  the  specimen, 
and  that  she  was  pregnant,  or  contained  embryos — I  am  not  sure 
now  which  of  the  expressions  was  used ;  and  he  added  farther 
*  Studies  from  the  Morphol.  Lab.,  Cambridge,  Vol.  iv.  p.  215. 


192  A    VIVIPAROUS    AUSTRALIAN    PERIPATUS, 

that  he  had  saved  one  of  the  embryos  for  me  and  would  let  me 
have  it  at  the  first  chance.  For  some  time  no  opportunity  offered, 
and  as  it  was  not  a  matter  of  vital  importance  I  did  not  worry 
him  about  it ;  but,  as  Dr.  Haswell  is  known  to  be  both  a  skilful 
and  a  veracious  biologist,  on  the  strength  of  his  statement  to  me 
I  was  quite  justified,  even  in  the  absence  of  an  affidavit,  in 
appending  a  footnote  to  the  notice  of  my  exhibit,  as  the  proof 
finally  left  my  hand,  as  follows  :  "  One  of  these  [three  specimens 
exhibited]  was  subsequently  dissected,  and  proved  to  be  pregnant" 
(I.e.  p.  892).  This  statement  is  brief,  I  admit,  under  the  circum- 
stances necessarily  so ;  but  no  reasonable  objection  can  be  taken 
to  it  on  other  grounds.  I  have  shown  that  the  specimen  was  one 
that  Moseley  would  without  hesitation  have  called  pregnant ;  and 
the  inferences  that  he  would  have  drawn  under  the  circumstances 
are  evident  from  the  quotations  already  given  from  his  paper. 
Also,  as  I  have  already  remarked,  Professor  Haswell  is  still  in 
Sydney. 

The  second  specimen  I  kept,  partly  in  the  hope  that  she  might 
live  to  produce  young,  and  partly  because  I  was  much  interested 
in  her :  as  far  as  possible  she  was  inspected  daily,  and  from  time 
to  time  the  contents  of  the  tin  in  which  she  was  kept  were  care- 
fully lifted  out  for  an  airing,  and  as  carefully  replaced.  On 
October  24th  I  found  her  dead,  and  with  her  corpse  four  living 
newly  born  young  ones ;  these  I  exhibited  at  a  Meeting  on  the 
31st,  and  I  said  of  them  that  they  were  the  progeny  of  one  of  the 
females  exhibited  in  June  preceding  and  that  the  mother  had  died 
a  few  days  ago  after  giving  birth  to  them  [Proceedings  I.e.  p. 
1508]  ;  and  in  so  saying  not  only  did  I  know  that  another  female 
got  on  the  same  day,  at  the  same  place,  probably  under  the  same 
stone,  had  been  found  by  Dr.  Haswell  to  be  pregnant  three  months 
before,  but  when  I  made  that  statement  I  believe  myself  to  be 
perfectly  correct  in  saying  that  I  actually  had  in  my  possession 
the  embryo  promised  me  by  Dr.  Haswell ;  that  in  fact  he  brought 
it  to  the  Meeting,  and  handed  it  over  to  me  there  and  then  ;  it  is 
mounted  in  balsam,  and  labelled  in  his  own  handwriting ;  and  I 
have  had  it  in  my  possession  ever  since.  The  part  of  the  Pro- 
ceedings containing  the  notice  of  the  exhibit  was  published  on 


BY    J.  J.   FLETCHER.  193 

March  22ud,  1889,  but  a  notice  of  it  appeared  in  the  Abstract 
two  days  after  the  Meeting. 

Confirmatory  evidence  was  soon  forthcoming.  In  November 
of  the  same  year  I  got  two  specimens  of  Peripatus  at  Burra- 
wang  ;  they  were  exhibited  at  a  Meeting  of  this  Society  on 
November  •28th,  and  they  were  drowned  on  December  14th;  in 
tlie  process  one  of  them  extruded  five  embryos  considerably  older 
than  Dr.  Has  well's  specimen.  On  September  18th,  1890,  a  speci- 
men from  the  Blue  Mountains  under  similar  circumstances 
extruded  three  advanced  embryos;  and  in  December  of  the  same 
year  from  a  second  lot  of  specimens  from  Burrawang  some  twenty 
or  more  embryos  were  obtained.  These  were  carefully  preserved ; 
and  they  were  shown  to  Professor  W,  Baldwin  Spencer,  who 
happened  to  be  passing  through  Sydney  early  in  September  last, 
a  few  days  after  I  saw  the  first  of  Dr.  Deudy's  four  papers ;  they 
were  also  exhibited  at  a  Meeting  of  this  Society  on  September 
30th,  and  their  bearing  on  the  subject  at  issue  pointed  out. 

The  climax  in  my  experience,  however,  was  reached  in  quite  an 
unexpected  and  rather  overwhelming  manner  in  January  of  this 
year,  during  a  visit  to  the  Blue  Mountains,  part  of  the  time  at 
Mt.  Wilson,  where,  with  the  help  of  Mr.  J.  D.  Cox  and  Mr. 
A.  G.  Hamilton,  T  got  about  forty  specimens  ;  the  following  week 
elsewhere  I  was  able  to  increase  the  number,,  and  I  came  back  on 
the  16th  with  fully  100  living  healthy  specimens.  When  collect- 
ing, young  ones  were  never  once  met  with  ;  but  in  getting  two 
females  out  of  rotten  wood  T  accidentally  gashed  them  in  the  side  ; 
in  one  case  there  immediately  protruded  a  moniliform  portion  of 
one  of  the  oviducts  suggestive  of  the  presence  of  embryos;  the  other 
one  was  evidently  in  distress  and  I  kept  her  under  observation, 
and  finally  a  little  later  I  saw  her  in  the  act  of  depositing  four 
advanced  embryos  ;  these  with  the  two  females  were  promptly 
preserved.  On  Jan.  18th  I  put  all  the  specimens  into  fresh  and 
more  comfortable  quarters,  keeping  them  in  four  separate  lots,  but 
there  were  still  no  young  ones.  On  Jan.  25th  I  first  noticed 
young  ones,  the  number  steadily  increasing  day  by  day,  and  until 
young  ones  were  present  in  each  of  the  four  tins ;  frequently 
twenty  or  more  could  be  seen  at  once  when  one  of  the  tins  was 


194  A   VIVIPAROUS    AUSTRALIAN    PERIPATUS, 

opened  ;  altogether  there  must  have  been  at  least  200  born,  for 
after  a  number  had  died  I  counted  124  on  Feb.  12th,  and  these 
just  what  I  could  see  without  routing  out  the  cracks  and  crannies 
of  the  pieces  of  wood.  A  period  of  typical  sweltering  Sydney 
summer  heat  set  in  unfavourable  alike  to  adults  and  young  ;  the 
mortality  began  to  increase,  and  a  number  of  the  adults  began  to 
develop  white  bladdery  swellings  about  the  head ;  and  as  I  saw 
there  was  little  use  in  trying  to  keep  them  much  longer,  I  took 
steps  to  preserve  the  adults,  and  a  sufficient  number  of  the  young, 
the  others  being  liberated  in  the  bush-house.  Of  a  number  of 
adults  which  were  drowned,  one  extruded  four  embryos  nearly  at 
the  full  period,  one  extruded  two,  and  three  others  extruded  one 
each  on  February  11th;  of  the  last  lot  five  females  were  chosen  at 
random  and  opened,  and  the  oviducts  and  uteri  displayed  but  not 
otherwise  interfei-ed  with  ;  in  one  case  these  contained  neither  ova 
nor  embryos ;  in  the  other  four  they  were  simply  crammed  with 
embryos,  the  pigmented  tentacles  of  the  oldest  showing  plainly 
through  the  membranes  and  the  uterine  wall  after  being  a  little 
while  in  spirit.  A  representative  selection  of  the  above  was 
exhibited  at  the  Meeting  of  this  Society  in  February  last. 

Such  then  are  some  very  simple  facts  about  the  mode  of  repro- 
duction of  the  JSTew  South  Wales  Peripatus  which  has  never  been 
called  otherwise  than  P.  leuckartii.  As  facts  about  a  Peripatus 
which,  like  all  extra- Australian  species  is  viviparous,  they  are  in 
no  way  remarkable  except  that  they  are  entirely  and  irreconcilably 
out  of  harmony  with  Dr.  Dendy's  very  widely  circulated  and 
positive  statements  about  the  oviparity,  not  of  the  Victorian 
Peripatus,  but  of  the  common  30-legged  Australian  Peripatus 
known  hitherto  as  P.  leuckartii,  Sang.  In  view  of  these  simple 
facts  ;  in  view  also  of  the  simple  fact  that  of  the  first  two  small 
batches  of  Peripatus  which  I  had  a  share  in  finding,  one  specimen 
was  found  on  dissection  to  be  pregnant,  another  brought  forth  her 
young  in  due  course,  and  a  third  in  the  process  of  being  drowned 
extruded  five  advanced  embryos — all  before  Dr.  Dendy  had  ever 
seen  an  Australian  Peripatus  ;  and  also  in  view  of  the  also  equally 
simple  fact  that  on  July  31st,  1891 — as  well  as  up  to  and  includ- 
ing December  31st  of  the  same  year — Di\  Dendy  had  never  seen 


BY    J.  J.   FLETCHER.  195 

a  newly  liatched  specimen  of  an  oviparous  Australian  Peripatus, 
nor  did  he  know  of  a  single  instance  in  which  young  had  ever  hatched 
from  eggs  laid  by  such  an  animal — it  certainly  is  very  wonderful 
that  on  July  31st,  1891,  Dr.  Dendy  should  not  only  imagine  him- 
self to  be,  but  in  four  different  Journals  should  po.se  as,  the  sole 
repository  of  all  human  knowledge,  the  infallible  source  of  all 
wisdom  on  the  subject  of  the  mode  of  reproduction  of  the  common 
widely  distributed  Australian  Peripatus  with  fifteen  pairs  of 
walking  legs,  known  as  P.  leuckartii  ;  especially  as  that  knowledge 
and  wisdom  included  such  items  as  that — leaving  the  local  Vic- 
torian P.  insignis  out  of  consideration,  nothing  having  as  yet  been 
ascertained  about  its  mode  of  reproduction — there  is  no  viviparous 
Australian  Peripatus,  that  the  young  of  the  oviparous  P.  leuckartii 
are  hatched  at  the  end  of  October  from  eggs  laid  in  the  preceding 
July,  thus  completing  their  development  in  something  like  thrf^e 
or  four  months.  And  while  no  objections  need  at  present  be 
raised  against  Dr.  Dendy's  claim  on  the  score  of  the  excessive 
modesty  and  the  imposing  masterfulness  implied  thereby,  very 
solid  objection  to  it  can  be  raised  on  the  ground  that  it  does  not 
represent  quite  accurately  the  present  state  of  anybody's  knowledge 
about  any  known  Australian  species  of  Peripatus  whether  in  New 
South  Wales,  Queensland,  or  Victoria. 

And  as,  on  the  subject  of  Peripatus,  I  followed  so  safe  a  guide 
as  Moseley,  and  called  a  pregnant  specimen  one  which  on  dissection 
proved  to  be  pregnant ;  or  spoke  of  tlie  young  of  a  viviparous 
animal  as  having  been  born,  it  is  not  evident  what  there  is  about 
such  a  proceeding  savouring  of  imposture,  or  perversion  of  the 
truth,  that  one's  statements  should,  without  inquiry  or  investiga- 
tion, be  deemed  unwoi^thy  of  credence.  If  such  statements  appeared 
to  Dr.  Dendy  to  be  incompatible  with  truth,  it  would  have  been  a 
simple  and  a  courteous  matter  to  have  sent  me  a  note  of  inquiry 
as  to  what  I  really  did  mean  :  such  at  least  would  not  have  been 
the  first  communication  with  which  in  the  past  he  has  favoured 
me  on  the  subject  of  Peripatus  ;  it  would  have  received 
due  attention,  and  within  twenty-four  hours  he  would  have 
learned  that,  however  little  might  have  been  known  about  the 
mode  of  reproduction  of  the  N.S.W.  Peripatus  before  July  31st 


196  A    VIVIPAROUS    AUSTRALIA.N    PERIPATUS. 

1891,  certainly  the  events  of  that  day  were  not  likely  to  advance 
our  knowledge  at  all. 

The  field  open  to  biologists  in  Australia  is  wide  enough,  and 
the  number  of  workers  is  few  enough,  to  allow  of  abundance  of 
fruitful  material  still  being  available  ;  and  it  is  quite  possible 
even  at  the  present  day  to  go  on  a  voyage  of  discovery  in  Eastern 
Australia,  or  even  to  aspire  to  fill  the  role  of  a  Biological  Captain 
Cook.  But  under  such  circumstances  it  would  not  seem  at  all 
necessary  to  allow  zeal  to  run  away  with  discretion,  or  to  discover 
too  much,  or  to  suppose  any  one  grossly  incapable  in  not  finding 
the  hypothetical  eggs  supposed  to  have  been  laid  by  a  viviparous 
specimen  of  Peripatus,  even  though  the  opportunity  of  doing  so 
suppositiously  lasted  over  four  months  and  the  deposited  eggs  of 
P.  leuckarlii  are  "easily  seen,  being  fairly  large,"  or  even  "very 
large";  nor  in  exposing  the  crass  ignorance  of  other  people  would 
it  be  advisable  to  forget  that  one's  own  statements  should  be  free 
from  grave  errors  ;  nor  as  a  prognosticator  would  it  be  worth 
while  to  be  so  painfully  accurate  in  fixing  the  date  almost  to  a 
day  on  which  the  young  of  the  oviparous  P.  leuckartii  do  not  by 
any  chance  hatch,  or  the  exact  number  of  months,  after  the 
■deposition  of  the  eggs,  in  which  the  young  of  P.  leuckartii  cannot 
possibly  complete  their  development. 

And  since  Dr.  Dendy  has  quite  settled  matters  relating  to  the 
mode  of  reproduction  of  the  Australian  Peripatus  on  a  firm  basis, 
and  has  proved  quite  conclusively,  to  his  own  satisfaction  at  least, 
that  P.  leuckartii,  the  common  Australian  Peripatus  with  fifteen 
pairs  of  walking  legs,  is  oviparous  and  diifers  widely  in  its  mode 
of  reproduction  from  all  other  known  species,  it  now  only  remains 
for  him  to  push  his  conclusions  to  a  logical  end  by  showing  in 
what  a  far-reaching  and  revolutionary  manner  prevalent  notions 
on  the  subject  of  the  mode  of  reproduction  of  extra-Australian 
species  of  Peripatus  are  affected  thereby.  For  inasmuch  as  the 
N.S.W.  Pei-ipatus  is  not  P.  insignis  it  must  be  P.  leuckartii, 
which  Dr.  Dendy  has  shown  to  be  oviparous  ;  and  it  entirely  agrees 
as  to  its  mode  of  reproduction  with  P.  capensis,  with  P.  halfouri, 
with  P.  novce-zealandice,  with  P.  demeraranus,  with  P.  edwardsii, 
and  with  P.  torquatus,  for  instance,  therefore,  «fec. 


197 


JOTTINGS    FROM    THE    BIOLOGICAL    LABORATORY 
OF   SYDNEY   UNIVERSITY. 

By  Professor  William  A.  Haswell,  M.A.,  D.Sc. 

No.  16.     Note  on  the  Occurrence   of  a  Flagellate  Infu- 
soRiAN  as  an  Intra-cellular  Parasite. 


Ill  an  undescribed  Rhabdoccele  Turbellarian  found  in  water 
obtained  from  a  pond  in  the  Victoria  Park,  Sydney,  a  remarkable 
phenomenon  was  observed.  All  the  specimens  examined  had  a 
dull  yellowish-green  colour,  and,  when  they  were  examined  under 
the  compressorium,  the  colour  was  found  to  be  due  to  the  presence 
of  innumerable,  actively-moving,  parasitic  organisms.  These 
were  situated  in  the  interior  of  the  unicellular  glands  or  other 


large  cells  in  the  parenchyma — a  very  large  proportion  of  these 
cells  being  thus  infested.  When,  by  dint  of  crushing  the 
Turbellarian,  the  parasites  were  set  free  from  the  interior  of  the 
cells,  their  form  and  movements  could  be  more  readily  observed. 
In  shape  they  were  nearly  always  constantly  varying  with  great 
rapidity  between  an  extreme  of  elongation  and   an  extreme  of 


198        JOTTINGS  FROM  SYDNEY  UNIVERSITY  BIOLOGICAL  LABORATORY, 

contraction.  When  in  a  quiescent  condition  they  had  the  form 
represented  in  figure  2 — approximately  cylindrical,  sharply  pointed 
at  one — the  anterior — end,  less  sharply  at  the  other ;  in  length 
they  were  "005  mm.  and  in  greatest  breadth  -002  mm.  In  many 
cases  a  series  of  movements,  successive  phases  in  which  are 
represented  in  figures  3  to  7,  followed  one  another  in  rapid  suc- 
cession. A  glance  at  the  figures  will  show  that  these  movements 
are  just  the  movements  which  are  calculated  to  force  a  soft 
contractile  body  through  such  an  obstacle  as  the  protoplasmic 
network  of  a  cell  would  present,- — a  narrow  process  thrust  forward 
to  force  a  passage,  a  thickening  formed  at  the  end  of  this  process, 
and  the  main  mass  of  the  body  drawn  forward  into  this  ;  then  a 
fresh  process  thrust  out  in  the  same  direction,  and  so  on.  At 
the  same  time,  especially  when  the  animal  was  still  confined 
within  a  cell,  there  were  frequent  active  twisting  movements. 
In  the  interior  of  the  mobile  protoplasm  of  the  parasite  were  a 
good  many  small  rounded  and  rod-shaped  particles  of  a  greenish 
colour.  These  were  most  abundant  about  the  middle,  almost 
completely  absent  at  the  anterior  extremity.  A  little  behind  the 
middle  was  a  rounded  space  free  from  these  green  particles ;  this 
proved,  when  staining  agents  were  used,  to  be  a  rounded  nucleus 
with  a  distinct  nucleolus.  At  the  anterior  end  was  usually  a  very 
slight  notch.  In  most  cases  there  was  no  flagellum  ;  but  in  a 
considerable  number  a  flagellum  was  present  and  exerted  a  con- 
siderable influence  on  the  movements  of  the  animal. 

The  movements  of  the  animals  within  the  cells  were  very 
remai'kable.  They  seemed  rarely  to  be  at  rest,  almost  incessantly 
creeping  actively  round  and  round  the  interior  of  the  cell.  Some- 
tii'^ies  they  could  be  distinctly  seen  to  brush  aside  filaments  in  the 
cell-protoplasm,  sometimes  to  thrust  on  one  side  the  nucleus, 
restrained  always  apparently  within  the  interior  of  the  cell  by  a 
firm  membrane  which  resisted  perforation.  Usually  there  was 
only  one  in  a  cell ;  frequently  there  were  two,  occasionally  even 
three.  In  several  cases  they  were  observed  to  be  undergoing 
multiplication  by  fission — the  division  beginning,  as  represented 
in  figure  1,  at  the  clearer  anterior  end. 


BY    WILLIAM    A.  HASWELL.  \99 

The  Rhabdocffile  hosts  appeared  to  be  in  full  vigour  and  activity, 
notwithstanding  the  hundreds  of  the  parasites  in  incessant  move- 
ment in  the  cells.  But  in  one  instance  the  cell  containing  the 
parasite  contained  also  a  number  of  actively-moving  Vibriones, 
so  that  in  some  cases  at  least  a  destructive  effect  would  appear  to 
be  produced. 

The  relationship  of  the  parasite  to  the  Euglenoids  is  unmistak- 
able ;  and  it  bears  a  considerable  resemblance  to  Euglena  deses, 
Ehr.,  the  young  of  which  is  described  as  devoid  of  flagellum  and 
moving  by  peristaltic  contractions.*  But  no  member  of  this 
family,  or,  so  far  as  I  can  ascertain,  any  other  group  of  Flagellata, 
has  ever  been  observed  living  as  an  iutra-cellular  parasite.  Pfeiffer 
in  a  recent  work,  "Die  Protozoan  als  Krankheitserreger,"!  states  : 
"  Aus  Klasse  I.,  die  Infusorien  und  Flagellaten  umfassend,  sind 
obligate  Zellschmarotzer  unter  den  parasitisch  lebenden  Species 
noch  nicht  bekannt."  But  as  far  as  the  Flagellata  are  concerned, 
the  statement  would  still  be  correct  were  the  word  "obligate" 
omitted.  Several  cases  of  parasitic  Flagellata  are  mentioned  by 
BvitschliJ  ;  but  these  occur  in  the  mucus  of  various  organs,  such 
as  the  alimentary  canal,  opening  on  the  exterior,  and,  in  the  case 
of  Trypanosoma  and  Herpetomonas,  in  the  blood  § ;  none  of  them 
inhabit  the  interior  of  cells.  I  think  the  observation  now  recorded 
is  of  some  importance  as  suggesting  a  different  origin  for  some  at 
least  of  the  SjJorozoa  than  that  suggested  by  Ray  Lankester.  || 

*  Saville  Kent,  "Manual  of  the  Infusoria,"  p.  383,  pi.  xx.  figs.  52  and  53. 
t  I  am  indebted  to  Professor  J.  T.  Wilson  for  directing  my  attention  to 
this  work. 

X  "  Protozoa  "  of  Bronn's  '  Thier-Reich,'  p.  868. 

§  Lewis,  'Q.  J.  Micro.  Sci.,'  Vol.  xxiv.  (1884). 

11  Zoological  Articles  from  the  '  Encyclopaedia  Britannica,'  "Protozoa,"  p.  26. 


200 


NOTES   AND    EXHIBITS. 


Mr.  Hedley  exhibited  living  specimens  of  Panda  atomaia. 
Gray,  drawing  attention  to  the  marked  difference  in  sculpture 
between  the  embryonic  and  adult  shells,  a  feature  of  much 
importance  from  a  systematic  standpoint.  Also  living  specimens, 
lately  procured  from  Scone  by  Dr.  Cox,  of  an  Helicarion  presumed 
to  be  leucospira*  Pfeifier,  a  long  lost  species  which  has  not  been 
heard  of  since  it  was  originally  described  in  1856  as  coming  from 
"  Australia  ":  a  specimen  of  Cystopelta  petterdi,  collected  by  Mr. 
J.  D.  Cox,  at  Mt.  Wilson,  the  most  northerly  locality  from  which 
this  mollusc  has  yet  been  obtained  :  and  examples  of  Helicarion 
thomsoni,  Ancey,  received  from  Dr.  Thomson  of  New  Bedford, 
U.S.A.,  and  collected  at  Geographe  Bay,  West  Australia,  by  an 
American  whaler,  this  novelty  being  interesting  as  the  first  of  the 
genus  known  from  that  colony. 

Mr.  Brazier  exhibited  typical  specimens,  received  from  the 
author,  of  Dijylomorpha  delatouri,  Hartman,  and  he  contrasted 
them  with  a  new  member  of  this  genus,  of  which  he  showed 
specimens,  from  Siegond  Island,  Santo  Espiritu,  New  Hebrides  : 
also  examples  of  Piiipa  fallax  from  New  Bedford,  U.S.A.,  its 
distinctness  from  the  Australian  P.  pacifica,  Pfr.,  with  which 
some  writers  have  confounded  it,  being  pointed  out. 

Mr.  Maiden  showed  a  collection  of  interesting  plants  from  the 
Richmond  River,  and  kindly  intimated  that  they  might  be  added 
to  the  Society's  herbarium. 

Mr.  Trebeck  exhibited  a  specimen  of  a  flying  fish,  DactylopterxLS 
orientalis,  from  Port  Jackson. 

*  Mr.  Smith,  after  kindly  comparing  these  specimens  with  the  types  in 
the  British  Museum,  confirms  this  identification.  The  Scone  examples 
are,  he  says,  but  half  the  size  of  the  types ;  they  are  also  half  the  size  of 
specimens  which  I  have  seen  from  the  Richmond  River,  collected  by 
Messrs.  Petterd  and  Helms.     C,  H.,  20th  July,  1892. 


NOTES    AND    EXHIBITS.  201 

Mr.  Froggatt  exhibited  specimens  of  a  rare  sawfly,  Philomastix 
glaber,  Froggatt,  aud  of  its  larvae,  which  were  found  feeding  on 
one  of  the  wild  brambles,  Rihhus  moluccanus  ;  they  were  obtained 
by  him  recently  at  Mt.  Vincent,  Maitland,  N.S.W.,  when  on  a 
collecting  trip  for  the  Technological  Museum,  Sydney  ;  the  species 
was  originally  recorded  from  the  Richmond  River.  Also  a 
collection  of  Coleoptera,  chiefly  lamellicorns,  among  them  some 
rare  species  of  Bolhoceras,  sent  to  Mr.  J.  H.  Maiden  by  Mr. 
Chisholm  of  Torren's  Creek,  one  of  the  head  waters  of  the  Flinders 
River,  North  Queensland.  Also  two  male  specimens  of  a  rare 
fossorial  wasp,  Thynnus  hrenchleyi,  Smith,  from  the  same  locality, 
together  with  a  specimen  of  the  other  sex,  which  may  turn  out  to 
be  the  hitherto  unknown  female  of  this  species ;  previously 
recorded  only  from  Champion  Bay,  W.A.,  and  Narrabri,  N.S.W. 

Mr.  Rainbow  showed  a  spider,  in  all  probability  a  new  species 
of  the  endemic  and  widely  distributed  genus  Stephanopis,  from 
Bungendore. 


202 


WEDNESDAY,  MAY   25th,  1892. 


The  President,  Professor  Haswell,  M.A.,  D.Sc,  in  the  Chair. 


Mr.  T.  Cooksey,  B.  Sc,  Ph.  D.,  was  present  as  a  visitor. 


Mr.  Finkernagel,  Barraba,  N.S.W,,  and  the  Rev.  E.  J.  Crowe, 
Cooma,  N.S.W.,  were  elected  members  of  the  Society. 


The  President  announced  that  a  number  of  subscriptions  to  the 
Macleay  Memorial  Volume  had  been  received  in  answer  to  a 
circular  issued  a  few  weeks  ago.  It  was  necessary,  however,  that 
a  considerably  larger  sum  than  had  as  yet  been  collected  should 
be  contributed  by  members  of  the  Society  and  others  desirous  of 
giving  expression  to  their  sense  of  the  late  Sir  William  Macleay's 
liberality  to  science,  before  the  Council  would  be  in  a  position  to 
proceed  with  the  work,  and  all  intending  to  contribute  were  urged 
to  do  so  without  delay. 


DONATIONS. 

"  United  States  Geological  Survey — Tenth  Annual  Report 
(1888-89)."  Part  1— Geology;  Part  2— Irrigation ;  "Bulletins." 
Nos.  62,  65,  67-81.     From  the  Director. 

"  Academy  of  Sciences,  California  —  Proceedings."  Second 
Series.     Vol.  iii.,  Part  1  (September,  1891).     From  the  Academy. 

"  Records  of  the  Australian  Museum."  Vol.  ii..  No.  1  (April, 
1892).     From  the  Trustees. 


DONATIONS.  203 

"  Archiv  fiir  Naturgeschichte."  Ivii.  Jahrg.  (1891),  Bel.  ii., 
Heft  2;  Jahrg.  Iviii.  (1892),  Bd.  i.,  Heft  1.     From  the  Editor. 

"  Bulletin  de  la  Societe  Royale  de  Geographie  d' An  vers."  T. 
xvi.  (1892),  2^  Fasc.     From  the  Society. 

"  Mittheilungen  aus  der  Zoologischen  Station  zu  ISTeapel."  Bd. 
X.,  Heft  2  (1891).     From  the  Director. 

"  Societe  Nationale  des  Sciences  Naturelles  et  Mathematiques 
de  Cherbourg — Memoires."     T.  xxvii.  (1891).     From  the  Society. 

"  Societe  Zoologique  de  France — Bulletins."  T.  xvi.,  Nos.  9-10 ; 
T.  xvii.,  No.  1  (1891-92).     From  the  Society. 

"  Perak  Government  Gazette."  Vol.  v.,  Nos.  7-9  (March- April, 
1892).     From  the  Government  Secretary. 

"  Zoologischer  Anzeiger."  xv.  Jahrg.,  Nos.  387-388  (March- 
April,  1892).     From  the  Editor. 

"  Eoyal  Society  of  Victoria — Proceedings."  New  Series.  Vol. 
iv..  Part  1  (April,  1892).     From  the  Society. 

"Queensland  Museum — Annals."  No.  2  (1892).  From  the 
Trustees. 

"Victorian  Naturalist."  Vol.  ix..  No.  1  (May,  1892).  From 
the  Field  Naturalists'  Cliob  of  Victoria. 

"  Department  of  Agriculture,  Brisbane — Bulletin."  Nos.  15-16 
(January,  1892).     From  the  Under  Secretary  for  Agriculture. 

"  Verhandlungen  der  Gesellschaft  fiir  Erdkunde  zu  Berlin." 
Bd.  xix.  (1892),  Nos.  2-3.     From  the  Society. 

"  Memoires  de  la  Societe  Royale  des  Sciences  de  Liege."  2™^ 
S6rie.     T.  xvii.     From  the  Society. 

"  Records  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  India."  Vol.  xxv.. 
Part  1  (1892).     From  the  Director. 

"Agricultural  Gazette  of  N.S.W."  Vol.  iii..  Part  4  (April, 
1892).     From  the  Director  of  Agriculture. 

"  Supplement  to  the  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  Nests  and  Eggs 
of  Birds  found  breeding  in  Australia  and  Tasmania."  By  A.  J. 
North,  F.L.S.     Part  2  (April,  1892).     From  the  Author. 


204  DONATIONS. 

"  Royal  Society  of  London — Proceedings."  Yol.  l.,  No.  305 
(March,  1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  British  Museum  (Natural  History) — Catalogue  of  Birds." 
Vol.  XX.  (1892).      From  the  Trustees. 

"Zoological  Society  of  London — Abstract,"  April  5th,  1892. 
From  the  Society. 

"  Bulletin  de  la  Societe  Beige  de  Microscopie."  xviii™®  Ann6e, 
No.  5  (1891-92).     From  the  Society. 

"  Royal  Society  of  N.S.W. — Journal  and  Proceedings."  Vol. 
XXV.  (1891).     From  the  Society. 

"The  Australasian  Journal  of  Pharmacy."  Vol.  vii..  No.  77 
(May,  1892).     From  the  Editor. 

"  Department  of  Agriculture,  Victoria — Bulletin."  No.  13 
(September,  1891).     From  the  Secretary  for  Agriculture. 

"  Hooker's  Icones  Plantarum."  Fourth  Series.  Vol.  iii., 
Part  1  (April,  1892).     From  the  Bentham  Trustees. 

"  American  Geographical  Society — Bulletin."  Vol.  xxiii.,  No. 
4,  Part  2  ;  Vol.  xxiv.,  No.  1  (March,  1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Johns  Hopkins  University  Circulars."  Vol.  xi,,  No.  97 
(April,  1892).     From  the  University. 

"United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  —  Division  of 
Botany";  "Illustrations  of  N.  American  Grasses."  By  Dr.  G. 
Vasey.  Vol.  i.  (1891) ;  "  Division  of  Entomology — Insect  Life." 
Vol.  iv.,  Nos.  7-8  (April,  1892).  From  the  Secretary  of  Agricul- 
ture. 

"American  Naturalist."  Vol.  xxvi.  (1892),  Nos.  302-303 
(February  and  March).     From  the  Editor. 

"  United  States  National  Museum — Proceedings."  Vol.  xiv., 
Nos.  882-883  ;  Vol.  xv.,  Nos.  887-888  (1892).     From  the  Museum. 


205 


PAPERS    READ. 


CATALOGUE   OF    THE    DESCRIBED    HYMENOPTERA 
OF   AUSTRALIA. 

Part  II. 

By  Walter  W.  Froggatt. 

Family    S  C  0  LI  ID^.' 

This  family  has  representatives  in  all  parts  of  the  world,  and 
such  are  plentiful  in  most  parts  of  Australia,  many  of  them 
frequenting  flowers.  Several  large  species  banded  with  yellow 
and  brown  are  plentiful  about  Sydney ;  another  common  Sydney 
species  is  S.  coronata,  Smith,  a  large  black  wasp  marked  with 
reddish-orange  colour  on  the  head  and  on  either  side  of  the  third 
segment  of  the  abdomen ;  the  markings,  however,  are  very 
variable.  Our  largest  species  is  aS^.  fulva,  the  thorax  and  body 
of  which  are  densely  covered  with  stiff  reddish  hairs  ;  its  habitat 
is  the  Northern  parts  of  Australia.  The  females  form  burrows 
in  sand-banks.  West  wood  says  that  Scolia  2-cincta,  Fab.,  of 
Europe,  burrows  to  the  distance  of  eighteen  inches. 

Smith,  in  his  British  Museum  Catalogue  of  Hymenoptera, 
Part  iii.  (1855),  described  a  number  of  new  species  from  this 
country.  In  the  same  year  Saussure  described  several  in  the 
"  M6moires  de  la  Soci^te  de  Physique,  &c.,  de  Geneve  "  ;  and  later 
on  some  others  in  the  "  Annales  de  la  Soci^te  Entomologique  de 
France"  (1858).  In  1864  Messrs.  Sichel  and  Saussure  wrote  a 
Monograph  on  this  group  and  added  another  to  our  list.  Smith, 
in  the  Transactions   of    the   Entomological    Society  of    London, 


206      CATALOGUE  OP  THE  DESCRIBED  HYMENOPTERA  OF  AUSTRALIA, 

described  eight  more.  While  Kirby  in  going  through  the  British 
Museum  collection  revised  the  genera  of  this  family  and  added 
another  species  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Entomological  Society 
for  1889. 

128.  DIMORPHOPTERA. 

Dimorphoptera,  Smith,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868. 

CLYPEATA,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  240,  $. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
FASTUOSA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  240,  9. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
MOROSA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  239,  5. 

Melbourne,  Vic. 
775  NiGRiPENNis,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  2.39,  (J. 

Australia. 
SABULOSA,  Sm.  ( Myzine),  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  Pt.  iii.  p.  76 
(1855). 

Australia. 
SCOLIIFORMIS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  238,  5. 

Moreton  Bay,  Q. 
siGNATA,  Sm.  (Myzine),  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  75  (1855). 

Australia. 
UNICOLOR,  Sm.  {Myzine),  I.e.  p.  75. 

Swan  River,  W.A. 

129.  SCOLIA. 
Scolia,  Fabricius,  Syst.  Ent.  p.  355  (1775). 

780  ANTHRACiNA,  Bumi.  Abh.  Nat.  Ges.  Halle,  I.  16,  3. 
King  George's  Sound,  W.A. 
BIMACULATA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mas.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  114  (1855). 

Pt.  Stephens,  N.S.W. 
CORONATA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  112, 

Adelaide,  S.A.  ;  Sydney,  N.S.W. 
FERRUGINEA,  Fabr.  Syst.  Ent.  II.  231,  14;  Syst.  Piez.  p.  241; 
Sm.  l.c.  p.  114;  Sauss.  k  SicJi.  Cat.  Sp.  Scolia,  159  (1864). 
Australia ;  Ceram. 

FLAVIDULA,  Sm.    l.C.  p.  115. 

Australia. 


BY   WALTER   W.  FROGGATT.  207 

785  FORMOSA,  Guer.  Icon.  Regn.  Anim.  t.  69,  fig.  10;  Voy.  Coq. 
Zool.  II.  pi.  II.  p.  252. 
Australia. 
FRONTALIS,  Sauss.  Mem.  Soc.  Phys.  Geneve,  XIV.  pt.  1,  p.  38 
(1855). 
Australia. 
PULVA,  Grey,  Cuv.  Anim.  Kingd.  (Griffiths),  p.  516,  pi.  Lxxi. 
fig.  1,  9  ;  Sm.  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  VI.  p.  54,  No.  9,  9  ; 
Shuck.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1841-43,  p.  222  ;  Sauss.  «fc  Sich. 
Cat.  Sp.  Scolia,  pp.  159-165  (1864). 
Cape  York,  Queensland. 
INTRUDENS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  241. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
L^EVICEPS,  Kirby,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1889,  p.  447,  $. 
Swan  River,  W.A. 
790  PYGM^A,  Sauss.  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  France,  VI.  (3),  p.  217  (1858). 
Swan  River,  W.A. 
RADULA,  Fabr.  Syst.  II.  p.  226,  11 ;  Syst.  Piez.  p.  235,  15. 

Australia. 
7-ciNCTA,  Fabr.  Syst.  Ent.  249,  4,  $. 

Pt.  Essington,  N.A. 
SOROR,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  96  (1855) ;  Scolia  cyani- 
pennis,  St.  Farg.  Hym.  Ill,  p.  524  (1845). 
Australia. 
TUBERCULiVENTRis,   Sauss.    Mem.  Soc.   Phys.   Geneve,  XIV. 
pt.  1,  p.  47  (1855). 
Australia. 
795  vERTicoLLis,    Fabr.  Ent.  Syst.   II.  p.  234,  25;    Syst.  Piez. 
p.  244,  33. 
Australia. 
viRiDiPENNis,  St.  Farg.  Hym.  III.  p.  524,  7. 

Australia. 
ZONATA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  116  (1855). 
Australia. 
14 


208      CATALOGUE  OP  THE  DESCRIBED  HYMENOPTERA  OF  AUSTRALIA, 

130.  ELIS. 

Elis,  Fabr.  Syst.  Piez.  p.  248  (1804). 

AUSTRALENSis,  Sauss.  &  Sich.  (THelis),  Cat.  Sp.  Scolia,  p.  144 
0864). 
Australia. 
CONSANGUINEA,  Sauss.    Mem.  See.  Phys.  Geneve,  XIV.  pt.  1, 
p.  50  (1855). 
A  ustralia. 
800  GRACILIS,  Sauss.  I.e.  p.  62. 
Australia. 
SABULOSA,  Sauss.  Ann.  See.  Ent.  France,  VI.  (3),  p.  234  (1858). 

Australia. 
TASMANIENSIS,  Sauss.  Mem.   See.  Phys.  Geneve,  XIV.  pt.  1, 
p.  61  (1855). 
Tasmania. 


Family  SPHEGID^. 

The  members  of  this  group  of  fossorial  wasps  are  numerous  in 
Australia  ;  several  species  of  the  genus  Sphex  are  black,  of  large 
size,  and  have  the  front  of  the  thorax  covered  with  silky  shining 
pubescence,  which  makes  them  very  noticeable  when  busy  exca- 
vating their  tunnels  in  the  sand  ;  one,  aS'.  vestita,  Sm.,  is  a  veiy 
plentiful  species  about  Sydney  towards  the  end  of  summer.  Of 
the  genus  Pelopoeus,  Latreille,  handsome  yellow-banded  wasps 
with  very  slender  bodies,  we  have  two  described  species  ;  these 
wasps,  unlike  Sphex,  form  clay  nests.  Smith  described  a  number 
in  the  British  Museum  Catalogue  of  Hymenoptera,  Part  iv. 
(1856),  and  added  to  them  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Entomo- 
logical Society  of  London  (1868),  and  in  Brenchley's  "Cruise  of  the 
Curagoa"  (1873).  Saussure  described  several  in  the  Hymenoptera 
of  the  "  Reise  Novara " ;  while  Westwood  formed  the  genus 
Apheloioma  for  an  insect  from  Tasmania. 


BY    WALTER    W.  FROGGATT.  20& 

131.  AMMOPHILA. 
Ammophila,  Kirby,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  IV.  (1804). 

ARDENS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  247. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
CLAVUS,  Fabr.  (Sphex),  Ent.   Syst.   II.  p.   205;  Piez.   Syst. 
p.  206. 

Australia, 
805  IMPATIENS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  247. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
iNSTABiLis,  Sm.  Brit,  Mus,  Cat,  Hym.  p.  214  (1856). 

Swan  River,  W.A.;  Pt.  Essington,  N.A, 
suspiciosA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  214. 

Swan  River,  W.A, 

132,  PELOPCEUS. 
Pelopoeus,  Latr.  Hist.  Nat.  Ins.  XIII.  (1804), 

FORMOSUS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  230  (1856). 

Australia. 
l.s;tus,  Sm.  l.c,  p.  229,  pi.  vii.  fig.  1. 

N.  S.  Wales;  Pt.   Essington,  N.A.;  Macintyre  River,  Q.; 
Swan  River,  W.A. ;  Australia  and  Ceram. 

133.  SPHEX. 

Sphex,  Fabr,  Ent,  Syst,  II,  (1793), 

810  AMATOR,  Sm,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  246  (1856). 

Australia. 
ARCUATA,  Christ,  Hym.  p.  312. 

Australia, 
ARGENTiPRONS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc,  1868,  p,  248. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
CANESCENS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat,  Hym,  p.  246  (1856). 

Australia. 

CARBONARIA,  Sm.  1.0.  p.   247. 

Sydney,  N.S.W. 


210      CATALOGUE  OP  THE  DESCRIBED  HYMENOPTERA  OF  AUSTRALIA, 

815  CLAViGERA,  Sm.  I.e.  p,  247. 

Australia. 
COGNATA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  248. 

Australia. 
DECORATA,     Sm.     Brencliley's    Cruise    of    Cui'a^oa,    p.    461, 
pi.  XLiv.  fig.  4. 

N.  W.  Australia. 
EPHiPPiUM,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  249,  pi.  vi.  fig.  3 
(1856). 

Pt.  Essington,  N.A. 
FUMiPENNis,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  249. 

Adelaide,  S.A. 
820  GLOBOSA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  251. 

Tasmania. 
GODEFFROYi,  Sauss.  Ent.  Zeit.  Stettin,  1869,  p,  57. 

Cape  York,  N.Q. 
LUCTUOSA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  250  (1856). 

Swan  River,  W.A. 
MODESTA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  248. 

Australia. 
OBSCURELLA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  251. 

Tasmania. 
825  OPULENTA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  250. 

Eichmond  River,  N.S.W. 
PR^aiTEXTA,  Sm.  Brenehley's  Cruise  of  Curacoa,  p.  461,  pl.  XLiv. 
fig.  5.  •■ 

Moreton  Bay,  Q. 
VESTiTA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  248  (1856). 

N.  S.  Wales. 
VIDUA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  249. 

Australia. 

134.  HARPACTOPUS. 
Harpactopus,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus,  Cat.  Hym.  (1856). 

AUSTRALis,  Sauss.  Reise  Novara,  Hym.  p.  43,  fig.  24. 
Australia, 


BY    WALTER    W.  FROGGATT.  211 

830  SiEVUS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  265  (1856);  Sauss.  Reise 
Novara,  Hym.  p.  42. 
Swan  River,  W.A. 

135.  APHELOTOMA. 

Aphelotoma,  Westwood,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  (1)  III.  (1841). 
TASMANICA,  Westw.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  III.  p.  226,  pi.  xii.  fig. 

4,  2  ;  Arch.  Ent.  II.  p.  65,  pi.  lxv.  fig.  3,  ^ ;  Sm.  Brit. 

Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p,  273,  pi.  vii.  fig.  4  (1856). 
Tasmania. 

Family  POMPILIID^. 

Some  of  the  tropical  species  of  this  family  are  the  largest  and 
most  ferocious  of  known  wasps ;  they  belong  to  the  genus  Fepsis, 
and  are  black  with  beautiful  metallic  lustre  on  the  wings. 
Saussure  has  described  one  species  of  this  genus  from  Australia. 

Most  of  our  species  belong  to  the  genus  Fompihcs  ;  these  have 
long  legs  armed  with  large  spurs,  and  run  very  rapidly  over  the 
ground,  constantly  agitating  their  wings  as  they  go ;  several  of 
our  larger  species  have  bright  yellow  wings  ti[)ped  with  black. 

From  their  large  size  and  handsome  appearance  they  were 
among  some  of  the  first  of  our  Hymenoptera  described  l)y  Fabricius 
from  specimens  in  the  Banksian  Museum.  In  the  British 
Museum  Catalogue  of  Hymenoptera,  Part  iii.  (1855),  Smith 
catalogued  these,  and  others  previously  described;  and  lie  described 
a  number  of  others  in  the  British  Museum.  Mr.  Smith  has  since 
described  many  new  species  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Entomo- 
logical Society  of  London,  1862,  1864,  1868,  1869  ;  in  the  Annals 
and  Magazine  of  Natural  History  for  1873 ;  in  Brenchley's 
"  Cruise  of  the  Curacoa,"  and  in  "  New  Species  of  Hymenoptera  " 
(1879),  a  British  Museum  publication  published  after  his  death 
in  the  early  part  of  the  year.  Saussure,  in  the  "  Reise  Novara, 
Hymenoptera,"  also  described  a  number  of  this  group,  and  more 
recently,  Kohl,  in  several  papers  on  this  family  published  in  the 
Verhandlungen  z.-b.  Gesellschaft  in  Wien  (1886)  has  greatly 
enriched  our  list. 


212       CATALOGUE  OF  THE  DESCRIBED  HYMENOPTERA  OF  AUSTRALIA, 
136.   POMPILUS. 

Pompilus,  Fabr.  Ent.  Syst.  Suppl.  (1798). 

AHASVERUS,  Kohl,  Yerh.  z.-b.  Gesell.  Wien,  XXXVI.  pp.  317 
and  333,  $  (1886). 
W.  Australia. 
ANTENNALis,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  161  (1855). 

Adelaide,  S.A. 
APATELUS,  Kohl,  Verb,  z.-b,  Cxesell.  Wien,  XXXVI.  pp.  315, 
330,  9  (1886). 
Swan  River,  W.A. 
835  AURiFRONS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  161  (1855). 
Australia. 
AUSTRALis,  Guer.  Voy.  Coq.  Zool.  II.  p.  260. 

Sydney,  N.S.W. 
CINEREUS,  Fabr.    Ent.  Syst.  Supp.  p.   250,   22  ;    Syst.  Piez. 
p.  194,  31 ;  Sj)hex  cinerea,  Fabr.  Ent.  Syst.  II.  p.  208,  40. 
Australia. 
CONSIMILIS,  Sm.  K  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  152  (1879). 

Queensland. 
DISTINCTUS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  242. 
Champion  Bay,  "W.A. 
840  DivERSus,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  243. 

Sydney,  N.S.W.,  or  Moreton  Bay,  Q. 
ERYTHROSTETHUS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  162  (1855). 

Australia. 
FASCIATUS,  Fabr.  Syst.  Piez.  p.  194,  30;  Sphex  fasciata,  Fabr. 
Syst.  II.  p.  213,  60. 
N.  S.  "Wales,  Queensland  and  Tasmania. 
FLAVicoRNis,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  163  (1855). 

Pt.  Stephens,  N.S.W. 
FUGAX,  Fabr.  Ent.  Syst.   Supp.   p.   250;  Syst.   Piez.  p.  194; 
Sphex  fug  ax,  Fabr.  Ent.  Syst.  II.  p.  213  ;   Sjjhex  nitida, 
Fabr.  Ent.  Syst.  II.  214  ;  Pompilus  nitidus,  Fabr.  Syst. 
Supp.  250;  Syst.  Piez.  195;  Sm.  I.e.  p.  163  (1855). 
Australia. 


BY    WALTER    W.  FROGGATT.  213 

845  PULViPENNis,  Sm.  N.  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  151  (1879). 

S.  Australia. 
INFANDUS,  Sm.  Trans.  Eat.  Soc.  1868,  p.  244. 

Australia. 
iRRiTABiLis,  Sra.  I.e.  p.  243. 

Australia. 
LABiLis,  Sm.  N.  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  151  (1879). 

Queensland. 
LUGUBRis,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  422. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
850  LUNATUs,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  164  (1855). 

S.  Australia  ;  Sydney,  N.S.W. 
MELANCHOLicus,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  244. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
MOLESTUs,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  I.  (3),  p.  54  (1862). 

Sydney,  N.S.W. 
MORio,  Fabr.  (Sphex),  Ent.  Syst.  II.  p.  208  ;  Syst.  Piez.  p.  187. 

N.  S.  Wales,  S.  Australia,  Australia. 
NUBiLiPEXNis,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  164,  9  (1855); 
N.  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  152,  ^  (1879). 

Adelaide,  S.A. 
855  OPiMUs,   Kohl,  Yer.  z.-b.  Gesell.   Wien,  XXXVL  pp.  314, 
331,  9  (1886). 

Swan  River,  W.A. 
ORNATiPENNis,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  165  (1855). 

Australia. 
PACHYCERUS,  Kohl,  Ver.  z.-b.  Gesell.  Wien,  XXXVI.  p.  317,  ^, 
p.  314,  5,  p.  333  (1886). 

Australia. 
PICTIFRONS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  165,  (1855). 

Adelaide,  S.A. 

PICTIPENNIS,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  165. 

Australia. 


214       CATALOGUE  OF  THE  DESCRIBED  HYMENOPTERA  OF  AUSTRALIA, 

860  POLLENS,  Kohl,  I.e.  pp.  314,  332. 

Tasmania. 
RAPTOR,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  See.  I  (3),  p.  54  (1862). 

Sydney,  N.S.W. 
SANGUiNOLENTUs,  Sm.  N".  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  152  (1879). 

Swan  River,  W.A. 
SEMiLUCTUOSUS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  166  (1855). 

Australia. 
SPECTRUM,  Kohl,  Ver.  z.-b.  Gesell.  Wien,  XXXVI.  pp.  314, 
329  (1886). 

Sydney,  N.S.W. 
865  TRICOLOR,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  242. 

Adelaide,  S.A. 
TUBERCULATUS,  Sm.  Brit,  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  166  (1855). 

Houtman's  Abrolhos,  W.A. 
VELOX,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  241. 

Australia. 
VESPOiDES,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  244. 

Moreton  Bay,  Q.  ;  S.  Australia. 
viDUATUS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  167  (1855). 

Australia. 

137.  PRIOCNEMIS. 

Priocnemis,  Schiodte,  Kroyer,  Nat.  Tiddssk.  I.  (1837). 

870  APFECTATA,  Sm.  Trans.   Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  245  ;  Brenehley's 
Cruise  o£  Curagoa,  p.  460,  pi.  XLiv.  fig.  2. 
S.  Australia  ;  Moreton  Bay,  Q. 
DEFENSOR,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc,  1868,  p.  245. 

S.  Australia. 
EPHIPPIATA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  246  ;   Brenehley's  Cruise  of   Curayoa, 
p.  460,  pi  XLiv.  fig.  2. 
Adelaide,  S.A. 
POLYDORUS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  246. 
Moreton  Bay,  Q. 


BY    WALTER    W.  FROGGATT.  215 

13S.  FERREOLA. 
Ferreola,  St.  Fargeau,  Hym.  III.  (1845). 

COLLARis,  Fabr.   (Sphex),   Syst.  Ent.  II.  p.  208  ;   Pompilus 
collaris,  Fabr.  Syst.  Piez.  p.  188  ;  Salius  collaris,  Dahlb. 
Hym.  Europ.  p.  441. 
Australia. 
875  FRONTALIS,  Fabr.  (Sphex),  Syst.  Ent.  II.  p.  209  ;  Pomp)ilus 
frontalis,  Fabr.  Syst.  Piez.  p.  188. 
Australia. 
ZEBRATA,  Sauss.  Reise  Novara,  Hym.  p.  48,  fig.  29. 
Sydney,  N.S.W. 

139.  CENOCERUS. 
Cenocerus,  Dahlbom,  Hym.  Europe,  I.  (1843). 

RAMOSUS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  II.  (3),  p.  396,  pi.  xxL  fig.  4 
(1864). 
Australia. 

140.  AGENIA. 

Agenia,  Schiodte,  Kroy.  Nat.  Tidsskr.  (1837). 

FUSiFORMis,  Sauss.  Reise  Novara,  Hym.  p.  53,  fig.  34. 

Sydney,  N.S.W. 
NOVAR.E,  Sauss.  I.e.  p.  54,  fig.  36. 

Sydney,  N.S.W. 

141.  POGONIUS. 

Pogonius,  Dahlbom,  Hym.  Europe,  I.  (1843). 

880  LUNULATUS,  Sauss.  Reise  Novara,  Hym.  p.  58,  fig.  38. 

Sydney,  N.S.W. 

142.  MYGNIMIA. 

Mygnimia,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  (1855), 

AUSTRALASIA,  Sm.  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  1873,  p.  259. 
N,  W.  Australia. 

143.  PEPSIS. 

Pepsis,  Fabr.  Syst.  Piez.  (1804). 

AUSTRALis,  Sauss.  Reise  Novara,  Hym.  p.  65,  fig.  42. 
Sydney,  N.S.W. 


216       CATALOGUE  OF  THE  DESCRIBED  HYMENOPTERA  OF  AUSTRALIA, 

144.  DOLICHURUS. 
Dolichurus,  Latr.  Gen.  Crus.  Ins.  IV.  (1809). 

CARBONARius,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  See.  1869,  p.  303. 
Champion  Bay,  W.A. 

145.  MAURILLUS. 
Maurillus,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  (1855). 

AUSTBALis,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  170,  J  (1855). 
N.W.  coast  of  Australia. 

Family  LARRID^. 

Most  of  the  members  of  this  family  described  from  Australia 
belong  to  the  genus  Pison,  Jurine.  They  are  medium-sized 
wasps,  generally  black,  and  often  ornamented  with  golden  pubes- 
cence forming  bands  or  fascife  on  the  segments  of  the  abdomen. 
Very  little  is  known  of  their  habits,  but  Smith  says  "  that  these 
insects  are  nest-builders,  and  that  they  construct  cells  similar  to 
those  of  Pemphredon,  and  store  them  with  spiders  for  their 
young."  In  the  Transactions  of  the  Entomological  Society  of 
London,  Vol.  II.  (1837-40),  Shuckard  gives  a  long  account  of  the 
genus,  and  describes  several  new  species  Smith,  in  the  Proceed- 
ings of  the  same  Society  for  1869,  catalogued  those  previously 
described,  and  added  a  number  of  new  ones  from  Australia,  and 
also  formed  the  genus  Parapison,  under  which  he  described  three 
species  from  India,  Ceylon,  and  this  country.  The  third  genus, 
Tachytes,  Panzer,  the  European  species  of  which  are  captured 
in  sand-banks  according  to  Westwood,  are  represented  in  this 
country  by  four  described  species,  all  about  half  an  inch  in  length, 
and  of  a  shining  black  colour. 

146.  PISON. 
Pison,  Jurine,  Ins.  Ligur.  II.  (1808). 

885  AURATUS,  Shuck.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  II.  p.  78  (1837). 
Australia. 


BY    WALTER    W.   FROGGATT.  217 

AURiFEX,  Sm.  I.e.  1869,  p.  293. 
Australia. 

BASALis,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  292. 
Australia. 

COLLARE,  Kohl,  Yerh.  z.-b.  Gesell.  Wien,  XXXIII.  p.  337. 
Duke  of  York  Id, ;  N.  Australia. 

DECIPIENS,  Sm.  Trans.  Enb,  Soc.  1869,  p.  294. 
Champion  Bay,  W.A. 

890  DiMiDiATUs,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  295. 
Champion  Bay,  W.A. 

PENESTRATUS,  Sm.  l.c.  p.  291  ;  Pison  nitidus,  Smi  I.e.  1868, 
p.  248. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
FESTivus,  Sm.  l.c.  1869,  p.  296. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
FUSCIPENNIS,  Sm.  l.c.  p.  294. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 

MARGiNATUS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mas.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  314  (1856). 
Hunter  River,  KS.W. 
895  OBLiQuus,  Sm.  l.c.  p.  316. 
Tasmania. 

PERPLEXUS,  Sm.  l.c.  p.  314. 
Australia. 

PUNCTULATUM,    Kohl,   Verh.    z.-b.   Gesell.   Wien,    XXXIII. 
p.  336. 
Peak  Downs,  Q. 

RUFIPES,  Shuck.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  II.  p.  79  (1837). 
Tasmania. 

SEPARATUS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1869,  p.  294. 
Champion  Bay,  W.A. 

900  SIMILLIMUS,  Sm.  l.c.  p.  292. 
Australia. 


218       CATALOGUE  OP  THE  DESCRIBED  HYMENOPTRRA  OP  AUSTRALIA, 

SPiNOL^,   Shuck.  I.e.  p.   76    (1837)  ;    Sauss.    Reise  Novara, 
Hym.  p.  66 ;  australis,  Sauss.  Mem.  Soc.  Phys.  Geneve 
XIV.   p.   11   (1855);   tasmanicus,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.   Cat. 
Hym.  p.  316(1856). 
Sydney,  N.S.W.  ;  Tasmania. 
TIBIALIS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1869,  p.  292. 

W.  Australia. 
VESTITU.S,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  315  (1856). 

Australia. 
WESTWOODii,  Shuck.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  II.  p.  77  (1837). 
Tasmania. 

147.  PISONITUS. 
Pisonitus,  Shuck.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1837. 

905  RUPICORNIS,  Sm.  (Pison),  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  315  (1856). 
Macintyre  River,  Q. 

148.  PARAPISON. 
Parapison,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1869. 

RUPICORNIS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1869,  p.  299. 
Australia. 

149.  TACHYTES. 

Tachytes  Panzer,  Krit.  Revis.  Ins.  Deutschl.  (1806). 

AUSTRALIS,  Sauss.  Reise  Novara,  Hym.  p.  68. 

Sydney,  N.S.W. 
HYPOLEius,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  302  (1856). 

Swan  River,  W.A. 
TACHYRRHOSTUS,  Sauss.  Mem.  Soc.  Phys.  Geneve,  XIV.  p.  18, 
fig.  5  (1855) ;  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  301  (1856). 

Australia. 

150.  LARRADA. 
Larrada,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  (1856). 

910  AUSTRALIS,  Sauss.  (Tachytes),  Mem.  Soc.  Phys.  Geneve,  XIV. 
p.  20,  pi.  IX.  fig.  6  (1855). 
Australia. 


BY    WALTER    W.   FROGGATT.  219 

CHRYSONOTA,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1869,  p.  304. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
CRASSIPES,  Sm.  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  XII.  (4)  p.  294  (1873). 

S.  Australia. 
FEMORATUS,  Sauss.  (Tachytes),  Mem.  Soc.  Phys.  Geneve,  XIV. 
19,  fc.  8,  fig.  VII.  (1855);   Reise  Novara,  Hym.  p.   74; 
Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  285  (1856). 
Australia. 
NiGRiPES,  Sauss.  Reise  Novara,  Hym.  p.  74. 
Tasmania. 

151.  ASTATA. 
Astata,  Latr.  Precis  Caract.  Ins.  (1796). 

.5  AUSTRALASIA,  Shuck.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  II.  p.  72  (1837) 
Australia. 


Family  NYSSONID^. 

This  group  comprises  a  number  of  genera,  most  of  which  contain 
only  one  or  two  described  Australian  species.  Of  the  genus 
Slizus,  Latreille,  we  have  one  species,  *S'.  pectoralis,  Smith,  from 
Queensland,  a  large  ferruginous-coloured  wasp  somewhat  like  a 
Thynnus,  but  the  shape  of  the  body  and  the  antennae  enlarged  at 
the  tips  plainly  show  that  it  does  not  belong  to  the  latter.  The 
genus  Gorytes,  Latreille,  contains  four  described  species,  black 
insects  of  medium  size,  generally  variegated  with  yellow.  Most 
of  the  members  of  this  family  have  been  described  by  Smith  in 
the  British  Museum  Catalogue,  Part  iv.  (1856),  in  the  Transac- 
tions of  the  Entomological  Society  (1862-64,  1868,  1869),  and 
in  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History  for  1873. 

152.  LARRA. 

Larra,  Klug,  Symb.  Phys.  V.  (1829). 

HIRTULA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  344  (1856). 
Adelaide,  S.A. 


220       CATALOGUE  OF  THE  DESCRIBED  HYMENOPTERA  OP  AUSTRALIA, 

PSILOCERA,  Kohl,  Verb.  z.-b.  Gesell.  Wien,  XXXIII.  p.  355. 
Australia 

153.  ACANTHOSTETHUS. 

Acanthostethus,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  See.  1869. 

BASALis,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1869,  p.  307,  pi.  vi.  fig.  3. 
Australia. 

154.  STIZUS. 

Stizus,  Latr.  Gen.  Crus.  Ins.  IV.  (1804). 

PECTORALis,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  337  (1856). 
Rockhampton,  Q. 

155.  MISCOTHYRIS. 

Miscothyris,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1869. 

920  THORACicus,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1869,  p.  308,  pi.  vi.  fig.  5. 
Champion  Bay,  W.A. 

156.  GORYTES. 
Gorytes,  Latr.  Hist.  Nat.  XIII.  (1805). 

BELLicosus,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  I.  (3),  p.  55  (1862-64). 

Adelaide,  S.A. 
DECORATUS,  Handlirsch,   SB.  Ak.    Wien,  CXVII.   Abth.  1, 
p.  542  (1889). 

Australia. 
EXiMius,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  I.  (3),  p.  55. 

Adelaide,  S.A. 
ORNATUS,  Sm.  I.e.  1868,  p.  248. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
925  TARSATUS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  336  (1856). 

Adelaide,  S.A. 

157.  NYSSON. 
Nysson,  Latr.  Hist.  Nat.  XIII.  (1804). 

MYSTicus,  Gerstaeker,   Abhandl.   Nat.    Gesell.  in   Halle,  X. 
p.  112. 
Swan  River,  W.A. 


BY    WALTER    W.  FROGGATT.  221 

158.  SERICOPHORUS. 
Sericophorus,  Shuckard,    MSS.;    Smith,  Ann.    Mag.   Nat. 
Hist.  1851. 
BICOLOR,  Sm.  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  XII.  (4),  p.  405  (1873). 

Swan  River,  W.A. 
CHALYBEUS,  SiB.  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  VII.  (2),  p.  32  (1851); 
Brit.    Mus.    Cat.    Hym.    p.   356,   pi.    ix.  fig.  1   (1856)  ; 
Tachyrrhostus  cyaneus,  Sauss.  Mem.  Soc.  Phys.  Geneve, 
XIV.  p.  26,  14  (1855). 
Australia. 
RELUCENS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  357  (1856). 
Adelaide,  S.A. 
930  viRiDis,  Sauss.  Mem.  Soc.  Phys.  Geneve,  XIV.  p.  25,  No.  13 
(1855). 
Australia. 

Family  PHILANTHID^: 

These  fossorial  wasps  can  always  be  easily  distinguished  from 
any  of  the  other  groups  of  this  divisiou  by  the  deep  constrictions 
round  each  segment  of  the  abdomen.  They  are  generally  black, 
with  dense  punctures  all  over  them,  and  some  are  marked  with 
yellow  bands  and  spots.  All  our  species  come  under  the  genus 
Cerceris,  Latreille ;  and  with  the  exception  of  one  described  by 
Saussure  in  the  "  Reise  Novara,"  have  been  worked  up  by  Smith 
in  the  British  Museum  Catalogue,  Part  iv.  (1856),  and  in  the 
Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History  for  1873. 

159.  CERCERIS. 
Cerceris,  Latr.  Hist.  Nat.  Crus.  et  Ins.  XIII.  (1804). 

ANTIPODES,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  451  (1856). 

Australia. 
AURANTIACA,   Sm.   Ann.    Mag.  Nat.   Hist.  XII.   (4),  p.  414 
(1873). 

S.  Australia. 


222      CATALOGUE  OF  THE  DESCRIBED  HYMENOPTERA  OF  AUSTRALIA, 

AUSTRALis,  Sauss.  Mem.  See.  Phys.  Geneve,  XIV.  p.  6,  No.  2 
(1855) ;  Reise  Novara,  Hym.   p.  93  ;  nigro-cincia,  Sm. 
Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  450  (1856). 
Sydney,  N.S.W.  ;  Adelaide,  S.A. 
FLUViALis,  Sm,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  XII.  (4),  p.  412  (1873). 
Swan  River,  W.A. 
535  OPPOSiTA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  413. 
Lower  Plenty,  Victoria. 
S^VA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  414. 

Lower  Plenty,  Victoria. 
VARiPES,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  413. 

Adelaide,  S.A. 
VENUSTA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  413. 
Queensland. 

Family  CRABROlSriD^. 

All  the  Australian  wasps  belonging  to  this  family  are  referable 
to  the  world-wide  genus  Grabro,  Fabricius.  They  are  medium- 
sized  insects,  black,  and  generally  banded  on  the  body  with  red 
or  orange  colour.  Two  from  Tasmania  were  described  by  Smith 
in  1856,  and  three  others  by  the  same  author  from  South 
Australia  and  Queensland  in  1868. 

160.  CRABRO. 
Crabro,  Fabr.  Ent.  Syst.  IL  (1793). 

NEGLECTUS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  249. 

S.  Australia. 
940   NIGRO-MACULATUS,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  249. 

Moreton  Bay,  Q. 
TASMANicus,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat,  Hym.  p.  425  (1856), 

Tasmania. 
TRICOLOR,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  394. 

Tasmania. 
TRIDENT ATUS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  250. 

Moreton  Bay,  Q. 


BY    WALTER    W.  PROGGATT.  223 

Family  BEMBICIDJE. 

The  genus  Bembex  is  well  represented  in  this  country,  and  we 
have  a  number  of  large  and  handsome  described  species.  The 
European  species  are  said  to  make  their  nests  in  the  sand,  and  to 
provision  them  with  flies.  Smith  has  described  the  greater 
number  of  our  known  species  in  the  British  Museum  Catalogue, 
Hymenoptera,  Part  iv.  (1856),  and  in  the  Annals  and  Magazine  of 
Natural  History,  XII.  (4)  [1873]. 

161.  BEMBEX. 
Bemhex,  Fabr.  Mant.  (1787). 
ATRIFRONS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  327  (1856). 
Swan  River,  W.A. 
945  CRABRONiPORMis,  Sm.  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  XII.  (4),  p.  296 
(1873). 
Ft.  Essington,  N.A. 
FLAVIFRONS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  324  (1856). 

Australia. 
FLAViPES,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  325. 

Australia. 
PLAViLABRis,  Sm.  Ami.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist,  XII.  (4),  p.  299, 
(1873). 
W.  Australia. 
FLAVIVENTRIS,  Sm.  l.c.  p.  299. 
Swan  River,  W.A. 
950  FURCATA,  Erichs.   Wiegm.  Arch.   1842,  p.   226;    Sm.  Brit. 
Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  328  (1856). 
Tasmania;  Swan  River,  W.A. 
PALMATA,    Sm.    Ann.    Mag.    Nat.    Hist.    XII.   (4),    p.   298, 
(1873) ;  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  325  (1856). 
N.  Australia. 
RAPTOR,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  326  (1856). 

Adelaide,  S.A. 
SEVERA,  Sm.  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  XII.  (4),  p.  297  (1873). 
Swan  River,  W.A. 
15 


224       CATALOGUE  OP  THE  DESCRIBED  HYMENOPTERA  OF  AUSTRALIA, 
TRIDENTIFERA,  Sill.  l.C.  p.  298. 

Moreton  Bay,  Q. 
955  VARIABILIS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  325  (1856). 

Victoria  ;  N.  S.  Wales  ;  Pt.  Essington,  N.A. ;  Swan  River, 
VV.A. 

VESPIFORMIS,  Sm.  l.C.  p.   327. 
Adelaide,  S.A. 

Family  MASARID^. 

This  is  a  family  containing  several  genera,  the  members  of 
which  are  handsome  wasp-like  insects,  parasitic  on  other  wasps, 
constructing  no  nests  themselves.  Shuckard,  when  he  formed  the 
Australian  genus  Faragia,  named  it  "  in  allusion  to  its  deceptive 
habit,  which  is  precisely  that  of  a  Vespa."  Saussure  wrote  a 
monograph  on  the  tribe  Masaridce,  forming  the  third  part  of  his 
work  on  the  Vespidce  (Paris,  1856).  Previously  to  this  he  had 
written  a  paper  on  the  family  in  the  Annales  de  la  Soc.  Eat. 
de  France  (1853).  Shuckard  described  the  first  known  Australian 
species,  Paragia  decipiens,  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Entomological 
Society  of  London  (1837).  It  is  a  handsome  black  w^asp  with  a 
green  tint  on  head  and  thorax,  and  the  abdomen  of  dirty  ochre- 
yellow  colour  ;  this  is  our  commonest  species  in  N.  S.  Wales. 
Smith,  in  the  British  Museum  Catalogue  of  Hymenoptera,  Part  v. 
(1857),  and  in  the  Trans.  Ent.  Society  of  London  (1864-66-68-69), 
described  a  number  of  others. 

162.  PARAGIA. 
Paragia,  Shuck.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1837. 
AUSTRALis,  Sauss.  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  France,  I.  (3),  Bull.  p.  xxi. 
(1853)  ;  Mon.  Fam.  Masar.  p.  58,  6,  t.  2,  fig.  3,  $  (1856). 
Tasmania. 
BicoLOR,  Sauss.  I.e.  p.  21  ;  Mon.  Fam.  Masar.  p.  58,  6,  t.  2, 
fig.  3,  $  (1856). 
Australia. 
BIDENS,  Sauss.  Mon.  Fam.  Masar.  p.  59,  7,  $  (1856). 
Adelaide,  S.A. 


BY    WALTER    W.  FROGGATT.  225 

960  CALIDA,  Sm.  Trans.  Eat.  Soc.  II.  (3),  p.  392  (1864-6). 
Adelaide,  S.A. 
CONCiNNA,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1869,  p.  251. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
DECIPIENS,  Shuck.  Trans.   Ent.  Soc.  II.  p.  82,  pi.  viii.  fig.  3 
(1837) ;   Sauss.   Mon.  Earn.  Masar.  p.  54  (1856)  ;  Ann. 
Soc.  Ent.  France,  I.  p.  21  (1853);  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc. 
11.  (3),  p.  391  (1864-6). 
K  S.  Wales  ;  Adelaide,  S.A.,  etc. 
EXCELLENS,  8m.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1869,  p.  309. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
MOROSA,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  251. 
Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
965  NASUTA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  252. 
Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
ODYNEROiDES,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  I.  (2),  p.  42,  pi.  v.  fig.  2, 
9  ;  Sauss,  Mon.  Earn.  Masar.  p.  56  (1856). 
Hunter  River,  KS.W. 
PICTIFRONS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  2  (1857). 

Swan  River,  W.A. 
PRiEDATOR,  Sauss.  Mon.  Fam.  Masar.  p.  59,  8,  9  (1856). 

Australia. 
SAUSSURii,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  2  (1857);  tricolor, 
Sauss.  Mon.  Fam.  Masar.  p.  54,  9  (1856). 
Perth,  W.A. 
970  soBRiNA,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1869,  p.  309. 
Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
TRICOLOR,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.   Soc.  I.  (2),  p.  41,  t.  5,  fig.  1,  $ 
(1850j;  smithii,  Sauss.  Mon.  Fam.  Masar.  p.  55,  3,  t.  2, 
tig.  1,  9  (18.56). 
Adelaide,  S.A. 
VENUSTA,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  II.  (3),  p.  393  (1864-6), 

Swan  River,  W.A. 
VESPiPORMis,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  393,  9  ;  he.  1868,  p.  251. 
Swan  River,  W.A. 


226      CATALOGUE  OF  THE  DESCRIBED  HYMENOPTERA  OP  AUSTRALIA, 

Family  EUMENID^. 

The  solitary  wasps  belong  to  this  family,  and  most  of  the 
foreign  genera  are  represented  in  Australia.  Many  of  them  are 
handsome  insects,  black  and  yellow  or  orange  in  colour.  They  are 
large  and  aggressive-looking  insects,  armed  with  a  large  sting ; 
several  are  commonly  known  as  "  mason-wasps,"  from  their 
building  large  clay  nests  in  any  convenient  sheltered  place,  which 
they  provision  with  the  larvae  of  moths  or  spiders.  Saussnre, 
who  has  made  the  Vespidce  a  special  study,  has  described  most  of 
our  wasps  in  his  "  Monograph  des  Guepes  Solitaires,"  Vol.  1. 1851, 
and  in  other  papers  in  the  Annales  Soc.  Ent.  France  (1857),  in 
the  Reise  No  vara,  Hymenoptera  (1865),  &c.  Fabricius  described 
several  of  our  earliest  known  species  in  his  Syst.  Piez.  (1804). 
Gu6rin  described  some  in  the  "Voyage  de  la  Coquille"  (1830), 
and  St.  Fargeau  dealt  with  others  in  his  Natural  History, 
Hymenoptera,  Vol.  IV.  (1846).  Smith,  in  his  British  Museum 
Catalogue  of  Hymenoptera,  Part  y.  (1857),  gave  a  list  of  these, 
and  described  several  new  species. 

163.  ELIMUS. 

Elimus,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  p.  7  (1852), 

AUSTRALIS,  I.e.  p.  8.  " 

S.  Australia. 

164.  DISCOLLIUS. 

Discollius,  Latreille,  Gen.  Crus.  Ins.  IV.  (1809). 
975  ELONGATUS,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  Suppl.  p.  124,  11,  pi.  vi 
fig.  7,  $. 

Australia. 
EPHippiUM,  Sauss.  I.e.  p.  125,  13,  pi.  vi.  fig.  8,  5. 

Australia. 
iNsiGNis,  Sauss.  I.e.  p.  126,  14,  5. 

Australia. 
SPINOSUS,  Sauss.  I.e.  p.  125,  12,  9. 

N.  S.  Wales. 
VERREAUXii,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  p.  26,  Q. 

Tasmania. 


BY    WALTER    W.   FROGGATT.  227 

165.  EUMENES. 
Eumenes,  Latr.  Hist.  Nat.  III.  (1802). 

980  ARCUATUS,  Fabr.  Sysfc.  Piez.  p.  287  ;  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol. 
p.  63;  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  29  (1857) ;  Journ. 
Linn.  Soc.  VII.  p.  37  (1864)  ;  Vespa  arcuata,  Fabr. 
Syst.  Ent.  p.  371,  40  ;  Sp.  Ins.  I.  p.  467  ;  Mant.  Ins.  I. 
p.  292,  66 ;  Ent.  Syst.  II.  p.  276,  83  ;  Oliv.  Ency.  Meth. 
VI.  p.  670;  iiphex  arcuata,  Christ,  Hym.  p.  312  (1791). 
Australia,  New  Guinea,  &c. 
BiciNCTA,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  p.  44. 

Central  Australia. 
ciRCiNALis,  Fabr.  Syst.  Piez.  286  ;  Sauss.   Mon.  Guepes  Sol. 
p.  47,  No.  27  ;  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  22  (1857). 
Australia,  India,  (fcc. 
ESURIENS,  Fabr.  Syst.   Piez.  p.  286,  7  ;   Sauss.   Mon.   Guepes 
Sol.  p.  56,  No.  40  ;  gracilis,  Sauss.   I.e.  p.  57,  No.  41  ; 
caminformis,  Sauss.  I.e.  p.  55,  No.  38. 
Australia,  India,  Africa,  &c. 
FLUCTUANS,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  p.  43. 
Australia. 

985    LATREILLEI,   SaUSS.  l.C.  p.  51,  pi.   X.  fig.   5. 

Australia. 
PHILANTES,  Sauss.  l.C.  p.  54,  37. 

Australia. 

166.  NORTONIA. 

Nortonia,  Sauss.  Ent.  Zeit.  Stettin,  1869. 
AMALi^,  Sauss.  Ent.  Zeit.  Stettin,  1869,  p.  53. 

Rockhampton,  Q. 

167.  ABTSPA. 

Ahispa,  Mitchell,  Exp.  E.  Aust.  (1838). 

AUSTRALis,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  Pt.  v.  p.  42  (1857). 

Port  Essington,  N.A, 

EPHIPPIUM,   Fabr.  (VespaJ,  Syst.   Ent.  p.   362,  No.  2;  Mant. 

Ins.  I.  p.  287,  No.  3  ;   Ent.  Syst.  II.  p.  254,  3 ;  Syst. 

Piez.  p.  254,  3  ;  Christ,  Hym.  p.  237 ;  Oliv.  Ency.  Meth. 

VI.  p.  677  ;  Gmelin.  Ed.  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  I.  p.  2748,  36  ; 


228      CATALOGUE  OF  THE  DESCRIBED  HYMENOPTEKA  OF  AUSTRALIA, 

Abispa  ephippium,  Mitchell,  Exped.  East  A.ust.  I.  104 ; 
Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  I.  (2),  p.  180,  t.  16,  fig.  5  ;  Alono- 
rebia  epliippiu,m,  Sauss.  Men.  Guepes  Sol.  p.  100,  2,  t.  15, 
fig.  9. 
Australia. 
990  SPLENDiDA,    Guer.    (Odynerus),    Voy.    Coq.    Ins.    p.    265  ; 
Monorebia  splendida,  Sauss.   Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  p.  99, 
No.    1  ;    Abispa   splendida,    Sauss.   Mon.   Guepes    Sol. 
Suppl.  p.  169,  t.  15,  fig.  8. 
Australia  and  Tasmania, 

168.  RHYNCHIUM. 

Rygchium,  Spin.  Ins.  Lig.  I.  (1806) ;  Rhynchium,  Sauss. 

Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  Suppl.  170  (1854-56). 

ALECTO,  St.  Farg.  ( Odynerus ),  Hym.   II.   p.   647,  No.   32; 

Rhynchium  alecto,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  I.  p.  114, 

20  (1852). 

Australia. 

DECORATUM,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  Suppl.  p.  180,  No.  72, 

t.  9,  fig.  6. 

Australia. 

MAGNIFICUM,  Sm,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1869,  p.  310  ;  Brenchley's 

Cruise  of  the  Cuvagoa,  p.  463,  fig.  4,  pi.  XLV. 

NicolBay,  N.W.A. 

MiRABiLE,   Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  p.   106,  No.  6,   t.   14, 

fig.  5  ;  Sm.  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  Vol.  III.  p.  163,  ^  (1859). 

Tasmania  and  Australia. 

995  ROTHi,  Kirby,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  XVIII.  p.  324  (1885). 

Queensland. 

SUPERBUM,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  p.  113. 

Australia. 

169.  ALASTOR. 

Alastor,  St.  Farg.  Hym.  II.  p.  668  (1841;. 

ALBOCiNCTUS,  Sm.  Brit,  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  Pt.  iv.  p.  91  (1857). 

Tasmania. 

ARGENTIPRONS,  Sm.  l.C.  p.   90. 

Australia, 


BY    WALTER    W.  FROGGATT.  229 

AUREOCiNCTUS,  Guer.  (Odynerus),  Voy.  Coq.  Zool.  p.  266, 
t.  9,  fig.  4  ;  Sauss.  Mon,  Guepes  Sol.  p.  252,  No.  5. 

Australia. 
1000  AUSTRALis,  Sauss.  l.c.  p.  250,  2. 

Australia. 
CARiNATUS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  90  (1857). 

Adelaide,  S.A. 
CLOTHO,  St.  Farg.  Hym.  II.  p,  668,  1  ;  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes 
Sol.  p.  250,  1. 

Australia. 
CRUENTATUS,  Sauss.  Reise  Novara,  Hym.  p.  18,  fig.  12. 

Sydney,  N.S.W. 
EJiARGiNATUS,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  p.  254,  18. 

Tasmania. 
1005  ERiURGUS,  Sauss.  l.c.  p.  251,  4. 

Australia. 
LACHESis,  Sauss.  l.c.  p.  251,  3. 

Tasmania. 
LATERITUS,  Sauss.  Reise  Novara,  Hym.  p.  17. 

Australia. 
PARCA,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  p.  254,  9. 

Australia. 
PiCTETi,  Sauss.  l.c.  p.  256,  12. 

Tasmania. 
1010  PUNCTULATUS,  Sauss.  l.c.  p.  255,  10. 

Tasmania. 
siMiLis,  Sauss.  l.c.  p.  256,  11. 

Australia. 
TASMANIENSIS,  SausH.  l.c.  p.  253,  6. 

Tasmania, 

TUBERCULATUS,  Sauss.  l.c.  p.  253,  7. 

Tasmania. 

170.  ODYNERUS. 

Odynerus,  Latr.  Nat.  Hist.  III.  (1804). 

ALARiFORMis,  Sauss.  Mou.  Gut'pes  Sol.  Suppl.  p.  165,  t,  14 

fig.  6. 

Australia. 


230       CATALOGUE  OP  THE  DESCRIBED  HYMENOPTERA  OF  AUSTRALIA, 

1015  ALARis,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  p.  203,  106,  t.  18,  fig.  5. 
Tasmania. 
ALASTORiPENNis,  Sauss.  l.c.  p.  147,  34,  t.  16,  fig.  5. 

Tasmania. 
ANGCJLATUS,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  Suppl.  p.  284,  168,  t.  14, 
fig.  7. 
Australia. 
BALYi,  Sauss.  l.c.  p.  283,  167,  t.  14,  fig.  6. 

Australia. 
BiciNCTtJS,  Fabr.  fVespa),  Ent.  Syst.  II.  p.  271,  65  ;  Syst. 
Piez.   265  ;   St.  Farg.  Hym.  II.  p.  644 ;    Sauss.   Mon. 
Guepes  Sol.  Suppl.  p.  224  ;  Odyneriis  bizonatus,  Boisd. 
Voy  de  I'Astrol.   Eutom.  p.  459  ;  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes 
Sol.  p.  156,  40. 
Australia. 
1020  BICOLORATUS,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  Suppl.  p.  281,  164. 
Australia. 
BicoLOR,  Sauss.  l.c.  p.  284,  169. 

Macintyre  River,  Q. 
CITREO-CINCTUS,  Sauss.  Reise  No  vara,  Hym.  p.  10,  fig.  5. 

Sydney,  N.S.W. 
OLYPEATUS,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  p.  200,  101,  t.  18,  fig.  6. 

Tasmania. 
CONCOLOR,  Sauss.  l.c.  p.  202,  104,  t.  18,  fig.  7. 
Tasmania. 
1025  CRUENTATUS,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  Suppl.  p.  221,  115. 
Australia. 
DECiPiENS,  Sauss.  Reise  Novara,  Hym.  p.  11,  fig.  6. 

Sydney,  N.S.W. 
DiEMENSis,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  Suppl.  p.  201,  103. 

Tasmania. 
DIETRICHIANUS,  Sauss.  Ent.  Zeit.  Stettin,  1869,  p.  54. 

Rockhampton,  Q. 
DREWSENi,   Sauss.  Ann.    Soc.   Ent.  France,   V.   (3),  p.  318 
(1857). 
Australia. 


BY    WALTER    W.   FROGGATT.  231 

1030  EXTRAN^us,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  Suppl.  p.  224 ;  Ody- 
nerus  exilis,  Sauss.  I.e.  p.  224. 

Tasmania. 
FLAMMIGER,  Sauss.  l.c.  p.  282,   166. 

N.  S.  Wales. 
FLAVo-cixcTUS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  64  (1857). 

Australia. 
FLUViALis,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  Suppl.  p.  215,  106. 

Australia. 
MACiLENTUS,  Sauss.  Reise  Novara,  Hym.  p.  16,  %.  10. 

Sydney,  N.S.W. 
1035  METATHORACicus,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  Suppl.  p.  286, 171. 

Australia. 
NiGROCiNCTUS,  Sauss.  l.c.  p.  201,  102. 

Tasmania. 
PUSiLLUs,  Sauss.  l.c.  p.  287,  172. 

Australia. 
SANGUINOLENTUS,  Saiiss.  l.c.  p.  221,  116. 

Australia. 
SAUCius,  Sauss.  l.c.  p.  280,  163. 

Australia. 
1040  suBALARis,  Sauss.  l.c.  p.  28U,  162,  t.  14,  fig.  5. 

Australia. 
succiNCTUS,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  p.  204,  107. 

Australia  and  Tasmania. 
TAMARiNUS,  Sauss.  l.c.  p.  203,  105. 

Tasmania. 
TASMANiENSis,  Sauss.  l.c.  p.  119,  t.  18,  fig.  5, 

Tasmania. 
TRIANGULUM,  Sauss.   Moii.  Guepes  Sol.  Suppl.  p.  285,  170 
t.  14,  fig.  8. 

Australia. 
1045  TUBERCULATUS,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Sol.  p.  253. 

Tasmania  and  Australia. 
VERNALis,  Sauss.  l.c.  p.  148,  35. 

Tasmania . 


232      CATALOGUE  OF  THE  DESCRIBED  HYMENOPTERA  OF  AUSTRALIA, 

Family  VESPID^. 

This  family  contains  the  two  genera  into  which  all  our  social 
paper-nest  wasps  are  divided  ;  in  habits  both  groups  are  alike, 
but  they  are  easily  and  naturally  divided  into  the  genera  Icaria, 
small  wasps  in  which  the  apical  segments  of  the  abdomen  telescope 
into  each  other,  and  Polistes,  wasps  usually  much  larger  and  having 
all  the  segments  of  the  abdomen  closely  fitted  together,  and  pointed 
at  the  apex.  The  nests  of  the  first  are  usually  irregular  in  shape, 
while  those  of  the  latter  are  mostly  round,  and  sometimes  they 
attain  a  considerable  size.  The  young  wasps  when  hatched  hang 
head  downwards,  and  are  fed  by  the  attendant  adults  with  small 
spiders.  Fabricius  described  several  of  our  commonest  species,  but 
it  is  to  Saussure  that  we  are  indebted  for  most  of  the  information 
about  this  group  (Monograph  des  Guepes  Sociales  [1853-58]). 

171.  ICARIA. 
Icaria,  Sauss,  Mon.  Guepes  Soc.  p.  22  (1853). 
CABETi,  Sauss.  I.e.  p.  26,  4,  t.  5,  fig.  2, 

Tasmania. 
GREGARIA,  Sauss.  Ent.  Zeit.  Stettin,  XXIIT.  p.  137  (1862). 
PLEBEJA,   Sauss.    Mem.    Soc.    Phys.    Geneve,   XVTI.   pt.   1, 
p.  235  (1863). 
1050  REVOLUTiONALis,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Soc.  p.  29,  7,  t.  5,  fig.  7. 
Tasmania  and  Australia. 
ROMANDi,  Le  Guillou  (Polistes),  Ann.   Soc.  Ent.  France,  X. 
(1),  p.  322  ;  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Soc.  p.  41. 
Australia. 
sociALiSTiCA,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Soc.  p.  27,  5. 

Tasmania. 

172.  POLISTES. 
Polistes,  Latr.  Hist.  Nat.  Ins.  XIII.  (1804). 
BERNARDii,  Le"  Guil.  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  France,  X.  (1),  p.  23  ; 

Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Soc.  p.  70,  29. 
ERYTHRiNus,    Holmgren,    Eugenies    Eesa,    Hym.    p.    440 
(1858-68). 
1055  FACiLis,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Soc.  p.  53,  9. 
Australia. 


BY    WALTER    W.   FROGGATT.  233 

HUMiLis,    Fabr.  (VespaJ,  Spec,  Ins.   I.  p.  461,   20;    Mant. 
Ins.  I.  p.  288,   23 ;   Ent.  Syst.  II.  p.  261,   28  ;   Oliv. 
Ency.  Meth.  VI.  p.  682,  62 ;  Fabr.  Syst.  Piez.  p.  270, 
5  ;  Saiiss.  Mon.  Guepes  Soc,  p.  52,  8. 
N.  S.  Wales. 
NOVARiE,  Sauss.  Reise  Novara,  Hym.  p.  19,  figs.  13  &  14. 

Australia, 
piCTETi,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Soc.  p.  69,  28,  t.  6,  fig.  8. 

Australia  and  Ceram. 
SCHACH,  Fabr.  (VespaJ,  Spec.  Ins.  I.  p.  461,  18  ;  Mant.  Ins, 
I.  p.  288,  21  ;  Ent.  Syst.  II.  p.  260,  25  ;   Oliv.  Ency. 
Meth.   VI.   p.   682,   60  ;    Fabr.   Syst.  Piez.  p.  270,   2 ; 
Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Soc.  p,  50,  3  ;    Vespa  orientalis, 
St.  Farg.  Hym,  I.  p.  519. 
Australia. 
1060  SYNCECUS,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes  Soc.  p.  65,  22,  t.  6,  fig.  5. 
Australia, 
TASMANIENSIS,  Sauss.  l.c.  p.  66,  23,  t.  6,  fig.  5. 

Australia. 
TEPiDus,   Fabr.  (VftsjM),  Syst.  Ent,  p.  366,  17;  Spec.  Ins. 
I.  p.  462,  21  ;  Ent.  Syst.  II.  p,  262,  31  ;  Mant.  Ins.  I, 
p.  287 ;  Christ,  Hym.  p.  242 ;  Oliv.  Ency.  Meth.  VI. 
p.  682,  64;  Fabr.  Syst.  Piez.  p.  271,  7  ;  Sauss,  Mon, 
Guepes  Soc,  p.  68,  27,  t.  8,  fig.  1. 
Australia,  New  Guinea,  and  Solomon  Islands. 
TRICOLOR,  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes,  p.  67,  25. 

Australia. 
VARIABILIS,  Fabr.  (Vespa),  Syst.  Ent.  II.  p.  274,  73  ;  Oliv. 
Ency.   M6th.  VI.  p.  690,  104  ;  Fabr.  Syst..  Piez.  273, 
20  ;  Sauss.  Mon.  Guepes.  Soc.  p.  66,  24. 
Sydney,  S.  Australia,  &c. 

Family  ANDRENID^. 

Nearly  all   the    species  of   this    family   from  Australia    were 
described  by  the  late  F,  Smith,  Esq.,  of  the  British  Museum,  and 


234       CATALOGUE  OP  THE  DESCRIBED  HYMENOPTEKA  OF  AUSTRALIA, 

the  majority  of  the  descriptions  will  be  found  in  the  British 
Museum  Catalogue  of  Hymenoptera  (1853),  in  the  Transactions 
of  the  Entomological  Society  of  London  (1862-64,  1866,  1868), 
and  in  "New  Species  of  Hymenoptera,  British  Museum"  (1879). 
This  family  contains  the  bees  with  short  tongues,  solitary  in  their 
habits,  while  many  of  them  are  parasitic  ;  but  hardly  anything  is 
known  about  the  habits  of  any  of  our  Australian  Andrenidce. 

173.  PARACOLLETES. 
FaracoUetes,  Sm.  MSS. ;  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  Pt.  i.  p.  6 
(1853). 

1065  ABDOMiifALis,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  5  (1879). 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
CRASSIPES,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.   p.  6  (1853). 

Swan  River,  W.A. 
FERViDUS,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym,  Brit.  Mus.  p.  4  (1879). 

N.  Holland. 

MARGINATUS,  Sm.  l.C.  p.  4. 

Queensland. 
NiTiDUS,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  3. 
N.W.  Coast,  Australia. 

174.  LEIOPROCTUS. 
Leioproctus,  Sm.  MSS. ;  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  Pt.  i.  p.  8 

(1853). 

1070  ELEGANS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  9  (1853). 

Adelaide,  S.A. 
FiMBRiCATUS,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  6  (1879). 

Australia. 
FRONTALIS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  9  (1853). 

N.  Holland. 
VIGILANS,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit  Mus.  p.  7  (1879). 

Swan  Biver,  W.A. 


BY    WALTER    W.  FROGGATT.  235 

175.  LAMPROCOLLETES. 
Lamprocolletes,  Sm.  MSS.  ;    Brit.   Mus.  Cat.  Pt.  i.  p.  10 
(185.3). 
AMABiLis,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  9  (1879). 
Australia. 
1075   ANTENNATUS,  Sm,  l.c.  p.  10. 
Swan  River,  W.A. 

ARGENTIFRONS,  Sm.  l.C.  p.   11. 

Swan  River,  W.A. 
AURIFRONS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  13  (1853). 

Adelaide,  S.A. 
BicoLOR,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  10. 

Swan  River,  W.A. 

BIMACULATUS,   Sm.  l.C.  p.   10. 

Swan  River,  W.A. 
1080  CARiNATUS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  11  (1853). 
New  Holland. 
CHALYBEATA  ( Andrena),  Erichs.  Wiegm.  Arch.  1842,  p.  268, 
243. 
Tasmania. 
ciNEREUS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  12  (1853). 

S.  Australia. 
CLADOCERUS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  I.  (3),  p.  57  (1862-64); 
l.C.  II.  (3),  p.  397,  1)1.  XXI.  fig.  3  $  (1864-66). 
Sydney,  N.S.W. 
CRISTATUS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  11  (1853). 
Australia. 
1085  CUPREUS,  Sm.  l.C.  p.  13. 
Adelaide,  S.A. 
PULVus,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  9  (1879). 

Queensland. 
IRRORATUS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  12  (1853). 

Port  Phillip,  Vic. 
METALLicus,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  8  (1879). 

Australia. 
NANUS,  Sm.  l.C.  p.  9. 
W.  Australia. 


236       CATALOGUE  OP  THE  DESCRIBED  HYMENOPTERA  OF  AUSTRALIA, 

1090  OBSCURUS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  11  (1853). 

Tasmania. 
PLUMOSUS,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  12. 

Swan  River,  W.A. 
PROViDUS,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  8  (1879). 

Australia. 
PUNCTATUS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  14  (1853). 

Adelaide,  S.A. 
RUBELLUS,  Sm.  Trans.  Eat.  Sec.  1868,  p.  253. 

W.  Australia. 
1095  RUFicoRNis,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  10  (1879). 

W.  Australia. 
VENUSTUS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  See.  I.  (3),  p.  57  (1862-64). 

S.  Australia ;  Lower  Plenty,  Vic. 
VERSICOLOR,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  14  (1853). 

Adelaide,  S.A. 

176.  DASYCOLLETES. 

DasycoUetes,  Sm,  MSS. ;  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  p.  14. 
HUMEROSUS,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  1 1  (1879). 

Melbourne,  Vic. 
RUBELLUS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  I.  (3),  p.  58  (1862-64). 

S.  Australia  ;  Lower  Plenty,  Vic. 
1100  viTRiFRONS,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  11  (1879). 

Swan  Eiver,  W.A. 

177.  ANTHOGLOSSA. 

Antlioglossa,  Sm.  MSS.  ;  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym,  Pt.  i.  p.  16 
(1853). 
PLUMATA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  16  (1853). 

W.  Australia. 

SERiCEA,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc  I.  (3),  p.  59  (1862-64). 

Australia. 

178.  EURYGLOSSA. 

Euryglossa,  Sm.  MSS.;  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  Pt.i.  p.  17 

(1853). 

BICOLOR,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  I.  (3),  p.  58  (1862-64). 

Adelaide,  S.A. 


BY    WALTER    W.   FROGGATT. 


237 


BLANDA,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  13  (1879). 

W.  Australia. 
1105  CUPREO-CHALYBEA,  Stii.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  17  (1853). 

Australia. 
DEPRESSA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  18. 

Australia. 
EPHiPPiATA,  Sm.  Trans.  Eut.  Soc.  I.  (3),  p.  58  (1862-64). 

Adelaide,  S.A. 
PLAVOPICTA,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  14  (1879). 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 

HALICTIFORMIS,   Sm.  l.C.  p.   15. 

Swan  River,  W.A. 
1110  JUCUNDA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  13.  f 

Champion  Bay  and  Swan  Eiver,  W.A. 

MACULATA,   Sm.  l.C.  p.    13. 

Swan  River,  W.A. 
NIGRA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  13. 
Australia. 

NITIDIFRONS,  Sm.  l.C.  p.    14. 

Australia. 
QUADRIMACULATA,   Sm.  l.C.   p.    13. 

Queensland. 

1115    RUBRICATA,  Sm.  l.C.  p.   14. 

Swan  River,  W.A. 
SIMILLIMA,  Sm.  l.C.  p.  12. 

Swan  River,  W.A. 
TERMINATA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  18  (1853). 

Australia. 
TRICOLOR,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  15  (1879) 

Swan  River,  W.A. 
VILLOSULA,  Sm.  l.C.  p.  15. 

Swan  River,  W.A. 

179.  STILPNOSOMA. 
Stilpnosoma,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  16  (1879). 

1120    LiEVIGATUM,  Sm.  l.C.  p.   16. 

Queensland. 


238       CATALOGUE  OF  THE  DESCRIBED  HYMENOPTERA  OF  AUSTRALIA, 
180.    PROSOPIS. 

Frosopis,  Fabr.  Piez.  Syst.  p.  293  (1804). 

ALBOMACULATA,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  24  (1879). 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
ALCYONEA,  Erichs.  Wiegm.  Arch.  1842,  p.  267,  241. 

Tasmania. 
AMICULA,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  19  (1879). 

Melbourne,  Vic. 
BicoLORATA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  27  (1853). 

Adelaide,  S.A. 
1125   BIDENTATA,  Sm.  l.c.  p.  28. 

Australia. 
BiTUBERCULATA,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  18  (1879). 

Melbourne,  Vic. 
COGNATA,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  18  (1879). 

Champion  Bay  and  Swan  River,  W.A. 
CONFUSA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  30  (1853);  Frosopis 
perplexa,  Sm.  Appen.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  42  (1853), 

Australia. 
DESPONSA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  31  (1853). 

Australia. 
1130  ELEGANS,  Sm.  l.c.  p.  28. 

Adelaide,  S.A. 
ELONGATA,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  18  (1879). 

Adelaide,  S.A. 
FULVicoRNis,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus,  Cat.  Hym.  p.  27  (1853). 

Adelaide,  S.A. 
HONESTA,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit,  Mus.  p.  19  (1879). 

Tasmania. 
IMPRESSIFRONS,  Sm,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat,  Hym.  p.  31  (1853). 

Australia. 
1135  LATERALIS,  Sm.  New  Sp,  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  23  (1879). 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
METALLICA,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent,  Soc,  I,  (3),  p,  59  (1862-64), 

Australia, 


BY    WALTER    W.  FROGGATT.  239 

iMOROSA,  Sm,  New  Sp.  Hyni.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  26  (1879). 

Australia. 
NiGRiFRONS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  30  (1853). 

Australia. 
NUBILOSA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  31. 

Port  Phillip,  Vic. 
1140  OBTUSATA,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mas.  p.  17  (1879). 

Swan  River,  W.A. 

PENKTRATA,  Sm.  l.C.  p.   25. 

Australia. 
QUAD  RATA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  28  (1853). 

Australia. 
QUADRICEPS,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  17  (1879). 

Australia. 
RUBRiCATA,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  25  (1879). 

Swan  Kiver,  W.A. 
1145  RUFicEPS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  29  (1853). 

Adelaide,  S.A. 
RUFiPES,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  27. 

Australia. 
ROTUNDicEPS,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  19  (1879). 

Melbourne,  Vic. 
SIMILLIMA,  Sm.  l.C.  p.  26. 

Moreton  Bay,  Q. 
siMiLis,  Sm.  Brit  Mus.  Cat  Hym.  p.  26  (1853). 

Australia. 
1150  suLciFRONs,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  27. 

Australia. 
TORRiDA,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  25  (1879). 

Queensland. 
VARICOLOR,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  24. 

Port  Bowen,  Q. 
viciNA,  Sichel,  Reise  Novara,  Hym.  p.  143. 

Tasmania  and  New  Zealand. 
VIDUA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  29  (1853). 

Australia. 
16 


240       CATALOGUE  OF  THE  DESCRIBED  HYMEXOPTERA  OF  AUSTRALIA, 

1155  viOLACEA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  26. 
Swan  River,  W.A. 

181.  HYLEOIDES. 
Hyleoides,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  Pf.  i.  p.  32  (1853). 
CONCINNA  (Vespa),  Fabr.  Syst.  Eiit.  II.  p.  263,  38;  Cab. 
Banks.  Mus.  Linn.  Soc. ;  Syst.  Piez.  p.  259,  30. 
Port  Philli}),  Vic. 
zoNALis,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  32  (1853), 
Hunter  River,  N.S.W. 

182.  MEROGLOSSA. 
Meroglossa,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  Pt.  i.  p.  33  (1853). 
CANALicuLATA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  33  (1853). 
Port  Essington,  N.A. 

183.  SPHECODES. 
Sphecodes,  Latr.  Hist.  Nat.  XIII.  p.  368  (1805). 

ANTIPODES,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  37  (1853). 
Sydney,  N.S.W. 

184.  PARASPHECODES. 

Parasphecodes,  Sm.  Brit. Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  Pt.i.  p.  39  (1853) 
1160  ALTiCHUS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  42  (1853). 

Tasmania. 
HILACTUS,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  39. 

Swan  River,  W.A. 
HILTACUS,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  39. 

Australia. 
LACTHius,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  40. 

Australia. 
LICHATUS,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  40. 

W.  Australia. 
1165   LICTHUSCA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  41. 

Tasmania. 
STUCHiLA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  42. 

Tasmania. 


BY    WALTER    W.  FROGGATT.  241 

SULTHICA,  Sill.  I.e.  p.  40. 

Australia. 
TALCHIUS,  Sui.  I.e.  p.  42. 

Tasmania. 
TALUCHis,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  43. 

Tasmania. 
1170   TILACHUS,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  41. 

Tasmania. 

TUCHILAS,  Sra.   I.e.  p.    41. 

Australia. 

185.  HALTICUS 

Halticus,  Latr.  Hist.  Nat.  XIII.  p.  364  (1805). 
BiciNGULATus,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  57  (1853). 

Melbourne,  Vic. 
CARBONARIUS,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  58. 

Sydney,  N.S.W. 
COGNATUS,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  59. 

Tasmania. 
1175  coNSPicuus,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  34  (1879). 

Australia. 
CONVEXUS,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  35. 

Vietoria. 
FLORALis,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  57  (1853). 

Australia. 
GLOBOSUS,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  59. 

Tasmania. 
HUMiLis,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  36  (1879). 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
1180  INCLINANS,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  36. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
LANUGiNosus,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  34. 

Australia. 
LANARius,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  57  (1853). 

Hunter  River,  N.S.W. 
LIMBATUS,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  59. 

Tasmania. 


242      CATALOGUE  OP  THE  DESCRIBED  HYMENOPTERA  OF  AUSTRALIA, 

OBLiTUS,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  35  (1879). 

Swan  River,  W.A. 
1185  ORBATUS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  58  (1853). 

Tasmania. 
PUNCTATUS,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  36  (1879).   ' 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
REPR^SENTANs,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  60  (1853). 

Australia  and  Tasmania. 
RUFIPES,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  56. 

Melbourne,  Vic. 
SPHECODOIDES,  Sm.  l.c.  p.  58. 

Australia. 
1190  URBANUS,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  35  (1879). 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
VITRIPENNIS,  Sm.  l.c.  p.  34. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A, 
viviDus,  Sm.  l.c.  p.  35. 

Swan  River,  W.A. 

186.  CALLOMELITTA. 
Callomelitta,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  p.  85  (1853). 
PICTA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  85  (1853). 
Tasmania. 

187.  NOMIA. 
Nomia,  Latr.  Hist.  Nat.  XIII.  p.  369  (1805). 
ARGENTiFRONs,  Sm.  Tran.s.  Ent.  Soc.  I.  (3),  p.  60  (1862-64). 
Australia. 

188:  ANDRENA. 
Andrena,  Fabr.  Syst.  Ent.  p.  376  (1793). 

1195  ADVENA,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  I.  (3),  p.  60  (1862-64). 
Australia. 

189.   STENOTRITUS. 
Stenotritus,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  p.  119  (1853). 
ELEGANS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  119  (1853). 
Sydney,  N.S.W. 


BY    WALTER    W.  FROGGATT.  243 

SMARAGDiNUS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  II.  (3),  p.  254  (1864-66). 
Champion  Bay,  W.A. 

190.  MELLITIDIA. 
Mellitidia,  Guer.  Voy.  Coq.  Zool.  II.  p.  269  (1830). 
AUSTRALis,  Guer.  Voy.  Coq.  Zool.  II.  p.  269. 

Australia. 

191.  SCRAPTER. 

Scrapter,  St.  Farg.  Ency.  Meth.  X.  p.  403. 
BICOLOR,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  I.  (3)  p.  61  (1862-64). 
Australia. 
1200  CARINATA,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  60. 
Australia. 

192.  ^STROPSIS. 

jEstropsis,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1864-66. 
PUBESCENS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  (1868),  p.  253. 
Champion  Bay,  W.A.  ;  S.  Australia. 

Family  APID^. 

This  very  interesting  family  is  well  represented  in  Australia, 
although  there  have  been  few  workers  at  our  Australian  bees. 
Smith  has  described  the  majority  of  our  known  species  in  the 
British  Museum  Catalogue  of  Hymenoptera  (1853),  where  he  also 
catalogues  those  previously  described  by  Fabricius,  St.  Fargeau, 
and  others.  Since  then  he  has  contributed  further  papers  in  the 
Transactions  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  London  (1862-64, 
1864-66,  and  1868),  in  the  Zoologist  for  1859,  and  in  "New 
Species  of  Hymenoptera  in  the  British  Museum  "  (1879). 

In  the  genus  Megachile  we  have  a  great  number  of  handsome 
bees  that  form  nests  in  trees  and  walls,  the  cells  of  which  they 
line  with  leaves ;  while  several  species  of  the  genus  Xylocopa 
(the  carpenter  bees)  are  numerous  in  Australia,  and  one  species 
forms  its  nest  in  blie  flower-stem  of  the  grass-tree  (Xanthorrhcea). 

Only  one  species  of  native  bee  (Trigonla  carbonaria)  has  been 
described,  though  there  are  certainly  two,  if  not  three  sjjecies  in 


244       CATALOGUE  OF  THE  DESCRIBED  HYMENOPTERA  OP  AUSTRALIA, 

N.  S.  Wales ;  they  form  flask-shaped  cells  to  contain  the  honey, 

and  coat  the  inner  side  of  the  cavity  in  which  they  construct  their 

nest  with  gum. 

193.  MEGACHILE. 

Megachile,  Latr.  Hist.  Nat.  III.  (1802). 
ABDOMiNALis,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  Pt.  i.  p.  169  (1853). 

Australia. 
ALBOBASALis,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  65  (1879). 

Torres  Straits,  N.A. 
APiCATA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  Pt.  i.  p.  172  (1873). 
Adelaide,  S.A. 
1205  AURiFRONS,  Sm.  I.e.  p.  168. 

Australia. 
CALiDA,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  64  (1879). 

Queensland. 
CANIFRONS,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  171  (1853). 

W.  Australia. 
CHRYSOPYGA,  Sm.  l.c.  p.   173. 

Tasmania. 
CLYPEATA,  Sm.  l.c.  p.  170. 

W.  Australia. 

1210  ERYTHROPYGA,  Sm.  l.C.  p.  167. 

W.  Australia. 
FABRICATOR,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  "-56. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
FEROX,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  64  (1879). 

Swan  River,  W.A. 
FUMIPENNIS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  257. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
HERiADiFORMis,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  172  (1853). 

Adelaide,  S.A. 
1215    IGNITA,  Sm.  l.c.  p.  169. 

Australia. 
IMITATA,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  251. 

Cham]>ion  Bay,  W.A. 
LATiPES,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  169  (1853). 

Australia. 


BY    WALTER    W.  FROGGATT.  245 

LEUCOPYGA,  Sm,  I.e.  p.  173. 

Tasmania. 
LUCIDIVBNTRIS,  Sm.  l.c.  p.  168. 
Australia. 
1220  MACULATA,  Sm.  l.c.  p.  170. 
W.  Australia. 
MODESTUS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  II.  (3),  p.  62  (1862-64). 

Australia. 
MONSTROSA,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  256  ;  Brenchley's 
Cruise  of  Cura9oa,  p.  463,  pi.  xlv.  fig.  5,  Q  (1873). 
N.W.  Australia  ;  Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
MYSTACEA  (Apis),  Fabr.   Syst.  Ent.  p.  385,  41 ;  Ent.  Syst. 
II.  p.  336,  97 ;  Anthophora  tnystacea,  Fabr.  Syst.  Piez. 
p.  377,  24;  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  166  (1853). 
Port  Essington,  N.A. 
NASUTA,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  258. 
Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
1225  OBLONGA,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mas.  p.  65  (1879). 
W.  Australia. 
OBTUSA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  170  (1853). 

W.  Australia. 
ORDINARIA,  Sm.  l.c.  p.  174. 
Tasni  ania. 

piCTiVENTRis,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  65  (1879). 

Richmond  River,  N.S.W. 
PUNCTATA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  168  (1853). 

Australia. 
1230  RUGOSA,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  65  (1879). 

W.  Australia. 
SEMi-LUCTUOSA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  172  (1853). 

Adelaide,  S.A. 
SENEX,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  II.  (3),  p.  61  (1862-64). 

Richmond  River,  N.S.W. 
SEXMACULATA,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  257. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 


246       CATALOGUE  OF  THK  DESCRIBED  HYMENOPTERA  OF  AUSTRALIA, 

SIMPLEX,  Sm.  Bvit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  169  (1853). 
Australia. 
1235  usTULATA,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  II.  (3),  p.  61  (1862-64). 
Australia. 

194.  LITHURGUS. 
Lithurgus,  Latr.  Gen.  Crust,  et  Ins.  II.  p.  350. 
COGNATUS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1862,  p.  255. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
DENTiPEs,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  146  (1854). 

Australia. 
RUBRICATUS,  Sm.  l.c.  p.  146. 
Australia. 

195.  ALLODAPE. 
AUodape,  St.  Farg.  Hym.  II.  p.  531. 
PICTA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  Pt.  ii.  p.  231  (1854). 
Australia. 
1240  siMiLLiMA,  Sm.  l.c.  p.  229. 
Macintyre  River,  Q. 
UNICOLOR,  Sm.  l.c.  p.  230. 
Australia. 

196.  EXONEURA. 
Exoneura,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  Pt.  ii.  p.  232  (1854). 
BICOLOR,  Sm.  l.c.  p.  232. 
Swan  River,  W.A. 

197.  CROCISA. 
Crocisa,  Jurine,  Hym.  p.  239  (1807). 
ALBO-MACULATA,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  258. 

Champion  Bay,  W.A. 
LAMPROSOMA,  Boisd.  Voy.  de  1' Astrolabe,  p.  653,  t.  12,  fig.  4; 
Crocisa  novm-hollandice,  St.  Farg.  Hym.  II.  p.  450. 
Hunter  River,  N.S.W. 
1245  LUGUBRis,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  107  (1879). 
Australia. 


BY    WALTER    W.  FROGGATT.  247 

NITIDULA  (Melecta),  Fabr.  Syst.  Piez.  p.  386,  2  ;  Latr.  Gen. 
Crust.  Ins.  IV.  p.  172;  Crocisa  pulchella,  Guer.  Icon. 
Reg.  Anim.  p.  454,  74. 
Hichmond  River,  N.S.W. 

198.  TETRALONIA. 
Tetralonia,  Spinola,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.  VII.  (1838). 
BREVicoRNis,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  303  (1854). 
More  ton  Bay,  Q. 

199.  SAROPODA. 
Saropoda,  Latr.  Gen.  Crust,  et  Ins.  IV.  p.  179  (1809). 
BOMBiFORMis,  Soi.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  318  (1854). 
Richmond  River,  N.S.W. 

200.  ANTHOPHORA. 
Antho^yhora,  Latr.  Hist.  Nat.  Cr.  et  Ins.  XIV.  p.  45  (1804). 
iERUGiNOSA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  336  (1854). 
Hunter  River,  N.S.W. 
1250  ciNGULATA   (Aiidrena),  Fabr.   Ent.   Syst.    II.   p.  314,    30  ; 
St.  Farg.  Hym.  II.  p.  46,  20 ;  Megilla  cingidata,  Fabr. 
Syst.  Piez.  p.  332,  18  ;  Megilla  cincta,  Fabr.  Syst.  Piez. 
p.  330. 
Australia. 
EMENDATA,  Sm.  New  Sp.  Hym.  Brit.  Mus.  p.  123  (1879). 

Australia. 
PULCHRA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  335  (1854). 
Moreton  Bay,  Q. ;  Hunter  River,  N.S.W.,  &c. 

201.  XYLOCOPA. 
Xylocopa,  Latr.  Nat.  Hist.  Ins.  III.  p.  379  (1802). 
^STUANS  (Apis),  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  I.  p.  961,  53 ;  Fabr.  Syst. 
IL  p.  323,    41;    St.   Farg.   Hym.   IL    p.    193;   Apis 
leucothorax,  De  Geer,  Ins.  III.  p.  573,  4,  t.  28,  fig.  7  ; 
Bombus  cestuans,  Fabr.  Syst.  Piez.  p.  351,  44. 
Australia  and  the  islands. 
DiMiDiATA,  St.  Farg.  Hym.  III.  p.  191,  44. 
N.  Queensland  ;  Timor,  &c. 


248       CATALOGUE  OF  THE  DESCRIBED  HYMENOPTERA  OF  AUSTRALIA. 

1255  MUSCARIA  (Apis),  Fabr.  Ent.  Syst.  II.  p.  339,  105;  Oliv. 
Ency.   Meth.  IV.  p.  77,  88  ;   Centris  muscaria,  Fabr. 
Syst.  Piez.  p.  358,  20  ;  Lestis  7)iuscaria,  St.  Farg.  Hyni. 
11.  p.  211,  1. 
Australia. 
NiGRiTA,  Sm.  Zoologist,  1859,  p.  64,  68. 

Australia. 
SLMiLLiMA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  357  (1854). 
Australia. 

202.  LESTIS. 

Lestis,  St.  Farg.  Hym.  II.  p. 
yERATUS,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  I.  (2),  p.  180  (1850-51). 

Hunter  River,  N.S.W.  ;  Tasmania. 
BOMBYLANS  (Apis),  Fabr.  Ent.   Syst.  II.  p.  338,  104 ;  Sm. 
Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  I.  (2),  p.  180  (1850-51). 
Australia. 

203.  TRIGONA. 
Trigona,  Jurine.  Hym.  (1807). 
1260  CARBONARiA,  Sm.  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Hym.  p.  414  (1854). 
N.  S.  Wales. 

204.  THAUMATOSOMA. 
Thaumatosoma,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1864. 
DUBOULAii,  Sm.  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.   II.  (3),   p.   395,   pi.  xXL 
fig.  1  (1864-66). 
Champion  Bay,  W.A. 


249 


ON  TWENTY  NEW  SPECIES  OF  AUSTRALIAN 
LEPIDOPTERA. 

By  Thomas  P.  Lucas,  M.R.C.S.E.,  L.S.A.  Lond.,  &  L.R.C.P.Ed. 

I  have  been  enabled  by  the  assistance  of  Mr.  E.  Meyrick  to 
contribute  this  further  paper  to  the  tabulation  of  the  Australian 
Lepidoptera.  In  the  greater  number  of  cases  the  specimens  have 
been  examined  by  Mr.  Meyrick,  and  I  have  to  acknowledge  the 
great  trouble  he  has  taken  to  examine  the  literature  and  collections 
at  home,  and  for  the  valuable  hints  and  knowledge  communicated 
by  him  and  placed  at  my  service.  In  one  instance  he  has  estab- 
lished a  new  genus  to  receive  a  species.  The  species  not  examined 
by  him  have  been  carefully  studied  by  his  monographs  and  other 
available  literature. 

Section  HETEROCERA. 

Group  BOMBYCES,  Family  ARCTIAD^. 

Hectobrocha,  Meyr. 

A.  Hind  wings  ochreous-yellow. 

a.  Without  hindmarginal  grey  border pentacyma. 

b.  With  hindmarginal  grey  border mxdtilinea. 

B.  Hindwings  not  ochreous-yellow. 

Grey  with  cloudy  border suhnigra. 

Hectobrocha  pentacyma. 
Brisbane:  March,  1892. 


250       ON    TWENTY    NEW    SPECIES    OF    AUSTRALIAN    LEPIDOPTERA, 

Pelobrochis,  Meyr.,  MS.,  gen.nov. 

Tongue  weak  ;  antennae  in  ^  bipectinated  throughout ;  palpi 
moderate,  loosely  haired ;  forewings  with  7  and  8  out  of  9,  11 
anastomosing  with  1 2  ;  hind  wings  with  3  and  4  stalked,  6  and  7 
stalked,  8  from  f. 

Allied  to  Nudaria. 

Pelobrochis  rava,  Lucas. 

This  species  was  provisionally  described  by  me  under  the  genus 
Scaeodora  [P.L.S.N.S. W.  Vol.  iv.  (ser.  2),  27th  Nov.  1889]. 
Meyrick  has  confirmed  my  opinion  there  expressed  and  estab- 
lished for  it  a  new  genus. 

Family  LIPARID.^. 

Artaxa  lucifuga,  Isp.nov.,  or  a  very  wide  variety  of 
A.  chrysophcea,  Walk. 

(J.  17-20  mm.  Head,  palpi,  thorax,  and  abdomen  ferruginous- 
fulvous.  Antennae  fulvous,  pectinations  fuscous.  Forewings 
oblong  ohovate,  costa  gently  rounded,  hindmargin  obliquely 
rounded,  ferruginous-fulvous  tending  to  orange-brown  ;  two 
faintly-marked  ochreous  wavy  transverse  lines  at  ^  and  |,  but 
in  most  specimens  hidden  by  ground-colour  diffusion :  cilia 
ochreous-ferruginous.  Hindwiiigs  smoky  black ;  cilia  as  fore- 
wings. 

Brisbane  ;  at  light. 

I  sent  this  to  Meyrick,  who  believed  it  to  be  a  form  of  A. 
chrysophoba.  I  have  taken  eight  or  nine  specimens  at  light ;  they 
are  constant  and  do  not  vary  :  the  forewings  are  elongate-obovate, 
and  not  triangular,  and  the  hindwings  are  black.  I  have  not 
been  able  to  refer  any  females  to  this  species.  It  is  very  much 
smaller  than  A.  chrysophma,  and  a  more  prim,  less  lax-looking 
insect.  I  found  the  tyj)ical  form  of  A.  chrysophcea  abundant  at 
Cooktown,  and  again  at  Eumundi,  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Brisbane, 


BY    THOMAS    P.  LUCAS.  251 

but  did  not  meet  with  any  A,  lucifuga.  But,  remenabering  the 
great  variation  of  Forthesia  fulviceps,  I  cannot  pronounce  with 
certainty  without  the  $  ;  for  comparison  I  will  briefly  describe 
A.  chrysophoea  and  A.  iobrota,  Meyr.  (MS.),  which  last  is  certainly, 
I  believe,  a  variety  of  the  former,  and  would  appear  to  be  a 
connecting  link  between  it  and  A. 


Artaxa  chrysophcea,  Walk. 

^.  18-28  mm.  Head,  palpi,  thorax,  and  abdomen  light 
ochreous-fulvous,  in  some  specimens  the  ochreous  prevailing, 
in  others  the  fnlvous  becoming  browner.  Antennae  ochreous, 
pectinations  black.  Forewings  triangular-obovate,  gently  dilate, 
ochreous-fulvous,  with  two  circular  ti'ansverse  ochreous  lines  at 
J-  and  1^.  Hindwings  in  most  specimens  same  colour  as  forewings, 
in  others  darker. 

2-  22-30  mm.  Altogether  an  ochreous  or  creamy-ochreous. 
Pectinations  of  antennjB  short,  ochreous,  or  ochreous-fuscous. 

Cooktown  to  Brisbane. 

Artaxa  iobrota,  Meyr.  (MS.),  =  A.  chrysophcea,  var. 

^.  19-24  mm.  Head,  palpi,  thorax,  and  abdomen  ferruginous- 
ochreous.  Antennae  ferruginous-ochreous,  pectinations  black. 
Forewings  ferruginous-ochreous,  with  circular  wavy  ochreous 
lines  at  ^  and  |.     Hindwings  ferruginous-fuscous. 

9.  24-28  mm.  Like  dark  males  of  A.  chrysophcea  in  forewings, 
darker  brown  in  hindwings. 

Cooktown  and  Eumundi ;  flying  freely  with  former. 

As  I  have  every  variety  between  A.  chrysophcea  and^.  iobrota, 
and  as  I  took  them  indiscriminately  flying  together,  J  feel  satisfied 
that  they  are  one  species.  Whether  or  not  A.  Incifuga  will  prove 
yet  a  wider  variety  must  remain  a  speculation  until  we  can 
discover  its  natural  haunts  and  habits. 


ZOl'       ON    TWENTY    NEW    SPECIES    OF    AUSTRALIAN    LEPIDOPTERA, 

Group  GEOMETRINA,  Family  GEOMETRID^. 
lODIS    COMMODA,  Sp.UOV. 

(J.  29  mm.  Head  purple-grey,  face  purple  shading  into  car- 
mine, fillet  ochreous,  postorbital  rims  ochreous-white.  Collar 
narrow,  crimson.  Palpi  crimson-grey,  terminal  joint  short. 
Antennae  creamy  grey,  pectinations  grey.  Thorax  greyish-blue- 
green,  with  a  dorsal  ochreous  colour  streak  in  posterior  two- 
thirds,  undersurface  white.  Abdomen  greyish-blue-green,  with 
an  ochreous  dorsal  streak,  sides  and  apex  white.  Anterior  and 
middle  legs  reddish-carmine,  pink-white  beneath,  posterior  pair 
creamy-grey.  Forewings  with  costa  straight,  gently  arched  before 
apex,  hindraargin  oblique,  scarcely  rounded,  greyish-blue-green  ; 
costa  at  base  carmine,  thence  shaded  into  light  ochreous,  which 
colour  forms  a  gradually-narrowing  line  to  apex  ;  a  light  ochreous 
line  from  ^  inner  margin  obliquely  for  one-third  the  width  of 
wing,  and  parallel  to  a  second  line  of  same  colour,  from  ^  inner 
margin  to  costa  just  before  apex,  becoming  fainter  towards  costa, 
line  slightly  waved,  but  scarcely  dentate ;  an  indistinct  blue-grey 
discal  spot  midway  between  termination  of  first  line  and  costa  at 
^  :  cilia  light  ochreous.  Hindwings  as  forewings,  very  slightly 
angled  at  vein  4,  a  dentate  circular  line  from  opposite  costa  at  |^ 
to  opposite  h  inner  margin  ;  first  line  indistinctly  defined  at  f 
costa,  rapidly  shading  into  ground-colour  ;  cilia  as  forewings. 

Brisbane ;  one  specimen. 

Allied  to  /.  assimilis,  Luc,  and  /.  dichloraria,  Gn. 

lODIS    NITIDA,  Sp.nOV. 

Q.  29  mm.  Head  gi'een,  becoming  white  on  face.  Palpi  (1). 
Antennae  annulated  white  and  green.  Thorax  green,  snow-white 
anteriorly,  patagia  green.  Alxlomen  green  (^shaded  with  white). 
Forewings  :  costa  gently  rounded,  hindmargin  obliquely  rounded, 
bright  pea-green,  or  rather  a  delicate  yellow-green  with  ochreous 
white  lines  ;  costa  broadly  banded  with  snow-white,  which  narrows 
to  a  line  at  ^  costa,  is  there  tinted  with  purple  to  |  costa,  and 


BY    THOMAS    P.  LUCAS.  253 

with  green  to  apex  ;  an  ochreous-white  line  from  J  inner  margin 
is  bent  outwardly  on  itself  at  right  angles  to  form  a  rhomboid 
pocket,  thence  broadly  dentate  to  opposite  costa  at  §  ;  a  faint 
fuscous  discoidal  spot  near  median  vein  opposite  1  costa  ;  a  2nd 
rounded  denticulate  line  from  ^  costa  to  ^  inner  margin  ;  hind- 
marginal  line  white :  cilia  white,  tinted  with  purple-grey,  but  too 
irregularly  to  form  bands.  Hindwings  coloured  as  forewings,  a 
few  faint  ill-defined  crenulate  greenish-ochreous  lines ;  a  con- 
spicuous black  discal  spot ;  cilia  white,  with  a  median  band  of 
purple-grey.  Undersurface  of  all  wings  with  conspicuous  fuscous 
discal  spot,  and  a  dentate  band  of  blue-green,  bordered  by  white, 
running  from  |  costa  of  forewings  to  |  inner  margin  of  hind- 
wings  ;  inner  border  of  forewings  and  of  hindwings  freely  dusted 
with  white  ;  an  interrupted  row  of  black  hindmarginal  dots  ; 
cilia  of  all  wings  banded  by  a  fuscous-purple  line  of  detached 
arches. 

Eumundi,  Queensland  ;  one  specimen. 

Unfortunately  the  ants  ate  the  dorsum  of  abdomen  and  the 
crown  of  head  and  face  while  on  setting  board. 

Family  HYDRIOMENIAD.E. 

ASTHENA    PELLUCIDA,   Sp.nOV. 

9.  27  mm.  Head  silver-white,  face  ochreous-fuscous.  Palpi 
silvery-fuscous.  Antennae  ochreous-fuscous,  basal  portion  silver- 
white.  Thorax  silver-white.  Abdomen  silver-white,  with  a  pale 
fuscous-green  spot  on  either  side  of  anterior  segments.  Forewings 
triangular,  costa  gently  rounded,  hindmargin  bowed,  oblique, 
silver-  or  pearly-white,  iridescent  ;  about  thirteen  transverse 
greyish-green  lines ;  1st  and  2nd  near  base  wavy  dentate,  3rd 
and  4th  at  equal  distances  beyond,  straighter,  once  or  twice 
denticulate,  5th  wider,  composed  of  two  lines  interlacing  and 
diffused  from  I  costa  to  J  inner  margin,  6th  and  7th  at  equal 
distances  with  others,  dentate,  a  discal  spot  at  ^,  one-third  from 
costa,  a  band  of  three  lines,  8th,  9th,  and  10th  parallel  with 
hindmargin,  dentate  and  more  or  less  diflused  into  a  fascia  at  | 


254      ON    TWENTY   NEW   SPECIES   OF   AUSTRALIAN    LEPIDOPTERA, 

costa  to  I  hindmargiii,  11th,  12th,  and  13th  lines  before  hind- 
margin,  11th  and  13th  more  or  less  indistinct  and  interrupted: 
cilia  white,  base  grey-green.  Hindwings  as  forewings,  angled  in 
middle  of  hindmargin,  with  eight  transverse  lines ;  a  discal  spot 
at  f,  beyond  this  1st,  2nd,  3rd,  and  4th  grouped,  the  3rd  and  4th 
more  or  less  diffused  and  more  denticulate,  5th  line  interrupted 
and  less  distinct,  6th,  7th,  and  8th  lines  at  equal  distaiices  to 
hindmargin,  very  denticulate ;  cilia  as  forewings. 

Brisbane;  one  specimen. 

Appears  to  come  nearest  to  A.  rirarcha,  Meyr. 

Group  NOCTURE,  Family  HELIOTHID^. 

Chariclea  sanguinata,  sp.nov. 

(J 5.  24-30  mm.  Head  fuscous,  tinted  with  deep  red.  Palpi 
ochreous-fuscous.  Antennse  fuscous-red.  Thorax  ochreous-fus- 
cous,  deeply  tinted  with  carmine.  Abdomen  fuscous  tinted  with 
red.  Forewings  elongate,  gently  dilate,  costa  rounded,  hind- 
margin obliquely  rounded,  light  ochreous,  wdth  deep  lines  of 
carmine  to  blood-red;  a  carmine  costal  band,  more  diffused  toward 
apex,  and  prolonged  as  a  band  round  hindmargin  to  anal  angle ; 
a  broad  band  of  carmine  from  base  near  inner  margin  through 
entire  length  of  wing  to  i  hindmargin  :  cilia  carmine,  tipped  with 
lighter  pink.     Hindwings  pale  greyish-white  ;  cilia  white. 

Brisbane  ;  very  rare. 

Easily  known  by  the  carmine  or  blood-colour  bands  along  costa 
and  through  middle  of  wing. 

Family  ORTHOSIID^. 

LUPERINA    DITATA,  sp.nOV. 

(J9.  30-40  mm.  Head  light  fuscous-grey.  Palpi  ashy-grey. 
Antennse  ochreous-fuscous.  Thorax  fuscous,  finely  mottled  with 
white  and  black,  white  posteriorly.  Abdomen  ochreous-fuscous, 
segments  fringed  with  lighter  fuscous  and  bordered  laterally  by 


BY    THOMAS    P.   LUCAS.  255 

smoky-fuscous.  Forewings  :  costa  gently  rounded,  hindmargin 
rounded,  fuscous,  irrorated  with  darker  fuscous  and  ashy-grey 
and  marked  with  black  lines ;  costa  finely  irrorated  with  ashy- 
grey,  a  black  line,  sometimes  double,  and  black  dot  at  base  from 
costa  to  a  basal  suffusion  of  fuscous-ochreous  on  inner  margin,  a 
dotted  interrupted  irregular  black  line  from  ^  costa  to  J  hind- 
margin,  a  well-defined  sinuous  black  line  from  ^  costa  to  |  inner 
margin,  a  black-lined  kidney -shape  discal  ring  immediately  beyond  ; 
a  second  rhomboidal  black-lined  ring  immediately  beyond  and 
nearer  costa,  containing  a  fuscous-grey  dot  and  a  sufi"usion  of 
ashy-grey  posteriorly  ;  a  sharply-defined  rich  black  line  from  § 
costa  twice  dentate  obliquely  outwards,  thence  parallel  to  2nd 
ring  beyond  and  opposite,  thence  obliquely  inwards  as  a  wavy 
line  to  f  inner  margin,  bordered  posteriorly  with  ashy-grey,  and 
again  with  a  difiused  line  of  fuscous-grey;  another  line  just  before 
apex  of  costa  in  a  semilunar  wave,  then  sinuous  and  twice  sharply 
dentate  to  just  before  hindmargin  ;  a  submarginal  line  of  light 
grey-fuscous  dots,  followed  by  a  hindmarginal  fuscous-ochreous 
Hue ;  posterior  fourth  of  wing  deeply  irrorated  with  ashy-grey  : 
cilia  ochreous-f uscous,  with  median  and  terminal  lines  of  fuscous- 
grey.  Hindwings  deep  fuscous-ochreous,  with  veins  fuscous,  and 
a  very  broad  hindmarginal  band  and  suffusion  of  smoky-fuscous  ; 
cilia  as  forewings. 

Duaringa  and  Brisbane. 

Family  NOCTUID/E. 

Prionophoka  torquesauria,  sp.nov. 

^2-  18-23  mm.  Head,  palpi,  and  thorax  dark  chocolate-fuscous. 
Antennae  fuscous.  Abdomen  light  ochreous-fuscous.  Forewings 
elongate,  costa  gently  rounded,  hindmargin  obliquely  rounded, 
rich  chocolate-fuscous,  lined  and  trellised  with  fuscous  and  black, 
and  with  short  lines  or  bars  of  light  gold  ;  costa  with  a  black 
spot  near  middle  and  several  toward  apex ;  a  gold  bar  from  ^  to 
-?  costa  and  almost  touching  costa,  a  2nd  gold  bar  from  centre  of 
17 


256      ON   TWENTY   NEW    SPECIES    OP    AUSTRALIAN    LEPIDOPTERA, 

base  parallel  to  median  vein  as  far  as  J,  narrowed  and  in  some 
specimens  fuscous  at  base,  a  deep  chocolate  or  blackish  line  from 
above  second  bar  at  base  runs  parallel  to  costa  and  near  median 
vein,  and  has  developed  upon  it  two  gold  bars,  extending  with  a 
uniting  black  dot  along  middle  third  of  wing,  a  more  or  less 
interrupted  zig-zag  black  and  chocolate-fuscous  line  from  |  costa 
to  5  inner  margin,  a  zig-zag  diagonal  black  line  edged  with  light 
chocolate  from  apex  of  hindmargin,  has  developed  on  it  more  or 
less  completely  from  point  of  apex  an  undulating  gold  line  or 
linear  bar  towards  middle  third  of  wing,  thence  the  line  forks 
into  two  branches  from  another  gold  bar,  the  posterior  branch 
runs  to  near  anal  angle  of  inner  margin,  where  it  is  rounded  to 
run  parallel  and  near  to  inner  margin  along  its  whole  distance  ; 
the  anterior  branch  runs  to  §  inner  margin  where  it  crosses  the 
posterior  branch  ;  three  or  four  other  dark  fuscous  bands  run 
through  entire  length  of  wing  parallel  to  inner  margin,  but  are 
interrupted  by  transverse  lines  and  give  the  appearance  of  a 
number  of  cones  pointing  to  base,  these  bands  are  at  points 
diffused  with  black  and-  are  bordered  by  creamy-chocolate  lines 
and  marbled  by  shadings  of  darker  chocolate ;  golden  bars  lined 
with  black  on  inner  border  :  cilia  chocolate  with  lighter  median 
band  and  patches  of  ochreous-fuscous.  Hindwings  reddish- 
ochreous,  with  an  undulating  dentate  fuscous  line  from  costa 
at  f  to  anal  angle  of  inner  margin  ;  Ijeyond  this  is  a  broad 
hindmarginal  fuscous  or  fuscous-red  border,  attenuated  before 
anal  angle ;  cilia  ochreous-fuscous,  in  some  specimens  irrorated 
with  darker  fuscous. 
Brisbance ;  rare. 

Family  PLUSIAD^. 

HoLOCRYPTis,  Meyr.,  MS.,  gen.nov. 

Face  loosely  scaled.  Eyes  naked.  Ocelli  absent.  Tongue 
developed.  Antennae  in  male  ciliated.  Labial  palpi  moderate, 
subascending,  very  slender,  somewhat  loosely  scaled,  terminal 
joint  moderate.  Thorax  smooth.  Abdomen  not  crested  (?). 
Legs  smooth,  slender,  without  spines.     Forewings  with  veins  7 


BY    THOMAS    P.   LUCAS.  257 

and  8  rising  out  of  9,  10  free.     Hindwings  with  veins  3  and  4 
stalked,  5  well-developed,  nearly  parallel  to  4,  6  and  7  stalked. 

The  genus  agrees  with  Rivula  in  the  neuration  of  the  forewings, 
but  is  separable  by  the  slender  palpi. 

HOLOCEYPTIS    PHASIANURA,  Sp.nOV. 

(J2.  15-22  mm.  Head  white.  Palpi  light  fuscous.  Antennae 
grey-white.  Thorax  creamy-white,  snow-white  on  shoulders. 
Abdomen  fuscous-white.  Forewings  somewl^at  elongate,  gently 
dilate,  costa  rounded,  hindmargin  rounded,  white,  freely  mottled 
with  fuscous  markings  ;  two  black  dots,  with  a  suffused  interim 
at  t  costa,  a  black  discal  spot  above  median  before  middle  of 
wing,  a  black  outlined  E  suffused  with  grey-blue  on  inner  margin 
at  i,  two  black  spots  immediately  between  this  and  hindmargin, 
and  a  conspicuous  rich  black  spot  in  middle  of  hindmargin,  a  light 
fuscous  dash  on  costa  near  base,  a  broad  fuscous  fascia  at  ^  inner 
margin  to  just  before  costa  at  |^,  a  light  fuscous  waved  line  from 
\  costa  to  ^  inner  margin,  a  fuscous  fascia  from  J  inner  margin, 
suffused  toward  last  line,  to  f  costa,  thence  broadened  and 
rounded  to  meet  a  like-coloured  fascia  from  near  costa  just  before 
apex,  and  in  union  with  it  gradually  narrows  to  anal  angle  of 
inner  margin ;  hindmarginal  line  light  fuscous :  cilia  creamy- 
white.  Hindwings  as  forewings,  a  fuscous  band  at  J  diffused  on 
costal  half  posteriorly  to  an  elongated  black  discal  spot,  a  waved 
dentate  band  of  black  from  |  costa  to  |  inner  margin,  broadened 
posteriorly  with  grey-blue,  a  fascia  of  fuscous  between  this  and 
hindmargin,  hindmarginal  line  light  fuscous  ;  cilia  as  forewings. 

Brisbane  to  Mackay  ;  in  scrubs  ;  rare. 

The  pattern  is  like  a  pheasant's  wing. 

Family  OPHIUSID.'E. 

Grammodes  excellens,  sp.nov. 

(J$.  36-40  mm.  Head  fuscous-giey,  orbicular  rims  creamy- 
white.  Palpi  fuscous.  Antennae  grey.  Thorax  iron-grey. 
Abdomen  fuscous-grey.     Forewings :   costa  sti'aight,  apical  third 


258       ON    TWENTY    NEW    SPECIES    OP    AUSTRALIAN    LEPIDOPTERA, 

gently  rounded,  hindmargin  gently  rounded,  rich  fuscous-black, 
with  cream-colour  bars  ;  a  broad  bar  from  ^  costa  to  f  inner 
margin,  2nd  bar  from  |  costa  to  just  before  |  hindmargin,  where 
it  is  bent  back  on  itself  and  is  continued  as  a  circular  line  round 
to  inner  margin  to  just  before  anal  angle,  forming  a  ring, 
within  which  is  a  sharply-defined  black  ring  formed  by  the 
continuation  of  the  hindmarginal  line ;  this  ring  contains  a  large 
black  spot  shot  with  blue  and  bounded  by  a  black  line  and  a 
cream-coloured  line  prolonged  at  either  angle  to  hindmarginal 
line  :  cilia  white,  with  median  bar  of  brown.  Hindwings  as 
forewings,  a  broad  white  concavo-convex  white  bar  from  a  base  \ 
to  \  costa  to  a  point  at  |  inner  margin ;  an  interrupted  submar- 
ginal  white  line,  a  hindmarginal  black  line ;  cilia  white,  with  a 
suffusion  of  brown  in  middle  and  gradually  to  anal  angle. 

Brisbane  to  Mackay. 

Allied  to  G.  oculicola,  Walk.,  but  altogether  a  more  handsome 
insect,  with  broader  bands  and  with  a  complete  ring  of  rings  or 
ocellus,  which  is  replaced  by  a  semilunar  line  in  G.  oculicola  ;  in 
the  latter  there  is  a  creamy-fuscous  line  from  a  dot  in  anal  angle 
to  before  apex  of  hindmargin,  which  cuts  off  a  well-defined  piece 
of  groundcolour  ;  this  is  absent  in  G.  excellens. 

Grammodes  pulcherrima,  sp.nov. 

(J9.  26-30  ram.  Head  fuscous-grey,  orbicular  rims  white. 
Palpi  and  antennae  fuscous-grey.  Thorax  iron-grey,  with  a  black 
collar  edged  anteriorly  with  creamy-grey.  Abdomen  lighter 
fuscous-grey.  Forewings  :  costa  nearly  straight,  hindmargin 
gently  rounded,  fuscous-black,  with  creamy-white  bars ;  1st  bar 
^  costa  to  I  inner  margin,  attenuated  to  a  point  at  costa  and 
hindmargin  ;  2nd  bar  |  costa  obliquely  to  opposite  f  hindmargin, 
thence  sharply  angled  on  itself  as  a  semilunar  ring  to  ^  inner 
margin,  anterior  border  in  costal  half  bowed  toward  base  ;  a  white 
line  on  costa  at  ^  with  au  elongated  dot  subtended  in  wing ;  a 
smoky-grey  bar  or  line  from  near  apex  of  hindmargin  to  angle  of 
2nd  bar,  thence  diffused  as  ground  colour  or  orbicular  ring,  and 


BY    THOMAS    P.   LUCAS.  259 

containing  a  black  dot  bordered  by  blue-grey  ;  a  submarginal 
lunulated  grey  line,  bordered  by  hindraarginal  ii-on-grey  line: 
cilia  fuscous-grey,  with  median  bar  of  darker  fuscous.  Hindwings 
as  forewings,  with  a  white  bar  from  a  base  ^  to  f  costa,  slightly 
concave,  deeply  convex,  to  a  point  opposite  anal  angle  ;  a  light 
fuscous-grey  line  immediately  beyond  ;  an  irregular  submarginal 
diffused  broken  line  of  creamy-grey,  a  black  hindmarginal  line ; 
cilia  white,  barred  with  fuscous  in  centre  and  diffused  fuscous  to 
anal  angle. 

Brisbane  ;  rare. 

Allied  to  G.justa,  Walk.,  and  to  G.  oculicola,  Walk.,  but  with 
finer  bars,  apical  line  and  dot,  and  in  general  appearance  a  more 
delicate  and  showy  in.sect. 

Grammodes  divaricata,  sp.nov. 

(J^.  40-46  mm.  Head  olive-fuscous.  Palpi  deep  fuscous, 
friuged  by  purplish-fuscous.  Antennae  olive-fuscous,  laterally 
finely  annulated  with  purplish-white.  Thorax  olive-fuscous,  with 
purple-fuscous  on  dorsum.  Abdomen  light  olive-fuscous,  segments 
fringed  with  purplish  fuscous.  Forewings  triangular,  broadly 
dilate,  costa  nearly  straight,  hindmargin  obliquely  rounded,  deep 
olive-fuscous,  with  a  broad  median  fascia  of  white,  tinted  with 
purple  and  dusted  excepting  on  borders  freely  with  fuscous, 
anterior  border  \  costa  to  f  inner  margin  slightly  concave  toward 
base,  posterior  border  f  costa  to  |  inner  margin  deeply  concave 
toward  hindmargin  ;  a  dark  fuscous  line  from  f  costa  parallel  for 
^  to  hindmargin,  thence  obliquely  rounded  to  posterior  border  of 
median  band  on  inner  margin,  bordered  posteriorly  by  a  fine 
white-grey  line,  becoming  fuscous-grey  beyond  angle ;  beyond  this 
a  suffusion  of  light  fuscous-drab,  becoming  ashy-grey  tinted  with 
purple  toward  hindmargin  ;  an  apical  spot  of  chocolate-fuscous 
boi'dered  by  a  grey-white  line  ;  veins  darker  fuscous,  bordered  on 
costal  edge  in  hindmarginal  eighth  with  purplish-white  :  cilia 
ashy-grey,  with  a  basal  and  terminal  band  of  fuscous-grey.  Hind- 
wings  deep  olive-fuscous,  with  a  white  median  band  tinted  with 
purple  ;  a  short  denticulate  waved  line  from  apex  of  inner  margin 


260       ox    TWENTY    NEW    SPECIES    OF    AUSTRALIAN    LEPIDOPTERA, 

to  one-third  distance  of  wing,  and  parallel  to  a  hindmarginal 
diffusion  of  same  colour,  which  is  very  narrowly  continued  to 
apex ;  a  fuscous  black  hindmarginal  line ;  cilia  ashy-grey,  with 
median  band  of  fuscous-grey. 

Brisbane. 

Grammodes  fallens,  sp.nov. 

(^9.  42-50  mm.  Head,  palpi,  antennae,  thorax,  and  abdomen 
a  reddish-drab  or  light  ochreous-fuscous.  Forewings  triangular, 
broadly  dilate,  costa  slightly  sinuous,  rounded,  apex  acute,  hind- 
margin  nearly  straight,  light  ochreous-fuscous,  sparingly  dusted 
with  black  ;  veins  raised ;  an  irregular  row  of  five  black  dots  in 
middle  two-fourths  of  wing  opposite  |  costa  to  opposite  |  inner 
margin,  in  many  specimens  ill-defined  ;  in  some  specimens  an 
indistinct  darker  ochreous-fuscous  wavy  line  parallel  to  hind 
border  at  |^ ;  a  hindmarginal  row  of  black  dots :  cilia  light 
ochreous-fuscous.  Hindwings  as  forewings,  lighter  toward  costa 
and  hindmargin  ;  a  deep  black  fascia  in  middle  two-fourths  of 
wing  at  half  its  own  width  from  hindmargin  and  diffused  as  a 
light  smoky-fuscous  shade  toward  costa  and  less  so  toward  anal 
angle;  a  row  of  hindmarginal  black  dots,  faint  in  some  specimens; 
cilia  as  forewings. 

Brisbane. 

Family  DELTOID.^. 

Herminia  semicircularis,  sp.nov. 

(J9.  24-28  mm.  Head  dark  fuscous.  Palpi  fuscous.  Antennae: 
$  pectinated,  pectinations  shorter  on  inner  border  and  toward 
apex;  9  simple,  light  fuscous.  Thorax  dark  fuscous,  collar 
ochreous-fuscous.  Abdomen  grey-fuscous.  Forewings :  costa 
nearly  straight,  hindmargin  rounded,  deep  fuscous ;  costal  border 
ochreous-fuscous,  attenuated  to  a  point  at  4  costa,  beyond  this  an 
ochreous  dot  and  a  black  diffusion  to  apex  ;  veins  deeper  fuscous ; 
a  small  ochreous  dot  bordered  by  black  at  i  above  median  vein,  a 
dark  fuscous  line  from  |  costa  to  f  inner  margin,  not  always  well 


BY    THOMAS    P.   LUCAS.  261 

defined,  this  passes  and  becomes  darker  round  an  ochreous  discal 
spot  above  median  vein  ;  a  very  fine  ochreous  faint  line  beyond  ^ 
costa  obliquely  to  opposite  f  costa,  thence  as  a  well-defined 
ochreous  line  to  ^  inner  margin,  denticulate  in  costal  half  and 
bordered  anteriorly  by  an  interrupted  smoky-fuscous  line  ;  a 
faint  interrupted  sinuous  ochreous-fuscous  line  from  just  before 
apex  of  costa  to  |  inner  margin,  more  distinctly  ochreous  and 
forming  an  ochreous  dot  or  indent  opposite  discal  spot;  hind- 
marginal  wavy  black  line  :  cilia  fuscous,  barred  and  tinted  with 
ochreous  and  darker  fuscous.  Hindvvings  as  forewings,  with 
median  ochreous  line  continuous  with  that  of  forewings  from  h 
costa  to  f  inner  margin,  with  a  dark  fuscous  line  on  anterior 
border ;  an  ill-defined  faint  line  waved  and  dentate  from  f  costa 
to  ^  inner  margin  ;  a  hindmarginal  smoky-fuscous  line ;  cilia  as 
forewings. 

Brisbane  ;  rare. 

Group  PYRALIDINA,  Family  HYDROCAMPID.E. 

Nymphula  sinuosa,  sp.nov. 

^Q.  8-12  mm.  Head,  palpi,  antennae,  thorax,  and  abdomen 
creamy-grey.  Forewings  elongate- triangular,  gently  dilate,  costa 
gently  rounded,  hindmargin  rounded,  creamy-grey,  with  smoky- 
fuscous  and  ochreous  lines  ;  costa  irrorated  with  sraoky-fuscous 
dots,  a  smoky-fuscous  line  beyond  base,  interrupted  in  centre  of 
wing,  diffused  on  inner  margin  ;  a  faint  wavy  ochreous  line  at  ^  ; 
a  median  fascia,  anterior  border  -|  costa  to  ^  inner  margin,  wavy, 
dentate  on  costa  and  before  inner  margin,  posterior  border  f 
costa  to  f  inner  margin,  twice  dentate,  and  nearly  straight  to 
middle,  thence  obliquely  toward  inner  margin,  the  space  contained 
banded  by  an  ochreous  line  more  or  less  suffused  ;  a  faint  ochreous 
sinuate  denticulate  line  from  just  Vjefore  apex  of  costa  to  |  inner 
margin,  in  some  specimens  suffused  with  fuscous ;  a  narrow 
hindmarginal  fascia  with  fuscous  linear  borders  and  suffused  with 
bars  and  lines  of   fuscous  :    cilia  smoky-fuscous.      Hind  wings  as 


262       ON    TWENTY    NEW    SPECIES    OF    AUSTRALIAN    LEPIDOPTERA, 

forewings,  a  fascia  at  j  anterior  border  suffused  fuscous  parrty 
wanting,  posterior  border  a  dark  fuscous  line,  space  contained 
more  or  less  ochreous  ;  a  median  fascia  formed  of  three  fuscous 
black  lines  interlacing  from  costa  at  ^  to  a  point  one-third  from 
inner  margin,  thence  as  a  single  line  to  just  before  anal  angle  of 
inner  margin  ;  an  ochreous  line  beyond,  diffused  with  fuscous  in 
^  ;  a  hindmarginal  fuscous  black  line ;  cilia  as  forewings. 

Brisbane  ;  in  scrub. 

Family  BOTYDID.E. 
NOTARCHA    EXCULTA,  sp.nOV. 

(Jj.  22-26  mm.  Head  creamy-grey,  with  crown  and  face 
fuscous-grey.  Palpi  fuscous-grey.  Antennae  light  fuscous. 
Thorax  fuscous-grey,  mottled  and  bordered  with  creamy-white. 
Abdomen  fuscous- black,  segments  fringed  with  creamy- white. 
Forewings  elongate,  costa  gently  rounded,  hiudmargin  rounded, 
creamy-grey,  largely  diffused  with  fuscous  mottled  wuth  fuscous- 
grey,  and  dotted  and  lined  with  black  ;  a  black  dot  more  or  less 
diffused  at  base,  a  semilunar  black-grey  line  enclosing  this  or 
suffused  with  it;  a  black  dot  on  costa  at  i  subtending  an  irregular 
row  of  dots  to  a  large  diffused  spot  at  ^  inner  margin,  centre  dots 
faint ;  a  dot  over  median  vein  at  |,  another  in  a  line  below  it, 
and  a  faint  arch  or  diffusion  of  three  dots  to  inner  border  at  J  ; 
a  prominent  discal  spot  opposite  costa  at  ?,  with  a  second  dot 
between  it  and  inner  border  at  f,  and  surrounded  with  diffused 
spots  of  smoky-fuscous  ;  a  denticulate  line  of  dots  between  veins 
t  costa  for  §  distance  of  wing  to  opposite  |  inner  margin,  continued 
to  hindmargin  as  suffused  cones ;  hindmarginal  line  smoky-black  : 
cilia  creamy-white,  with  median  and  terminal  light  fuscous  bars. 
Hindwings  white  in  centre,  with  a  diffused  smoky-fuscous  costal 
border,  continued  as  a  broad  hindmarginal  band,  which  hindmar- 
ginal band  is  marbled  by  two  cream-colour  denticulate  lines,  the 
one  submarginal,  the  other  parallel  and  half  distant  to  white 
centre ;  four  dots,  1st  diffused  at  base,  2nd  small  and  fainter 
near  costa  at  I,  3rd  a  square  discal  spot  in  centre,  and  a  4th  in 


BY    THOMAS    P.   LUCAS.  263 

centre  denticulate  line,  opposite  -|  hindmargin ;  hindmarginal  line 
black  ;  cilia  creamy- white,  with  median  band  and  bars  of  fuscous. 

Brisbane  ;  in  scrub  ;  rare. 

Pyrausta  straminea,  sp.nov. 

(J 9.  20-24  mm.  Head  ochreous-fuscous,  face  darker  fuscous. 
Palpi  fuscous.  Antennae  creamy-fuscous.  Collar  dark  fuscous. 
Thorax  ochreous-fuscous.  Abdomen  ochreous-fuscous,  whiter 
anteriorly.  Forewings  straight,  rounded  at  apex,  hindmargin 
obliquely  rounded,  ochreous-fuscous  tinted  with  light  ferruginous 
on  borders,  and  marked  with  black  dots  and  fuscous  lines ;  costal 
edge  dark  fuscous,  a  curved  row  of  4  black  dots  from  opposite 
i  costa  to  ^  inner  margin,  the  third  and  fourth  dots  faint  and 
indefinite ;  a  black  dot  on  median  vein  with  a  second  dot  midway 
between  it  and  costa  at  ^  ;  -a,  circular  fuscous  line  with  darker 
dots  on  veins,  from  §  costa  to  a  black  spot  opposite  |  inner 
margin ;  a  hindmarginal  dark  smoky-fuscous  line  :  cilia  grey, 
with  a  smoky-fuscous  median  line.  Hindwings  ochreous-fuscous, 
more  or  less  suffused  with  smoky-grey,  mostly  toward  hindmargin  ; 
a  conspicuous  black  discal  spot ;  a  fuscous  line  of  dots  between 
veins  nearly  parallel  with  hindmargin  from  |  costa  to  |  inner 
margin  ;  hindmarginal  line  dark  smoky-fuscous  ;  cilia  as  fore- 
wings. 

Queensland ;  rare. 

Pyrausta  violacea,  sp.nov, 

(J9.  20  mm.  Head  fulvous-ochreous.  Palpi  long,  fulvous- 
ochreous,  inclining  to  fuscous  laterally.  Thorax  sepia-fuscous. 
Abdomen  fulvous-fuscous.  Forewings  :  costa  gently  rounded, 
hindmargin,  apical  half  straight,  inner  half  rounded,  dark  fuscous 
shaded  with  purple  and  iridescent  violet,  dusted  with  sepia- 
fuscous  and  marked  with  deep  fuscous  lines ;  a  sepia-fuscous  line 
from  1  costa  to  J  inner  margin,  space  between  it  and  base  difiused 
with  sepia-fuscous ;  a  discoidal  ring  of  dark  sepia  shaded  with 
violet,  in  some  specimens  diffused  with  sepia-fuscous  to  form  a 


264       ON    TWENTY    NEW    SPECIES    OF    AUSTRALIAN    LEPIDOPTERA, 

conspicuous  blotch  extending  to  costa  at  §  ;  a  second  sepia-fuscous 
line  on  posterior  border  of  this  to  |  inner  margin  ;  a  hindmarginal 
sepia  line  :  cilia  fuscous,  with  a  median  band  of  dark  sepia- 
fuscous.  Hindwings  as  forewings,  with  inner  border  broadly 
diffused  with  grey,  and  edged  with  f  ulvous-ochreous  hairs ;  a 
broad  Y-shaped  figure  of  sepia-fuscous  from  J  and  ^  costa  stalked 
opposite  ^  hindmargin,  stalk  curved  toward  anal  angle ;  hind- 
marginal  line  of  sepia-fuscous ;  cilia  fuscous,  with  median  and 
terminal  lines  of  sepia-fuscous. 

Brisbane ;  rare. 

CONOGETHES    PUNCTIFERALIS,  Gn.,  var.  JOCATA. 

About  f  size  of  type.  Spots  and  lines  identical,  but  minimised. 
With  a  fuscous-red  suffusion  over  centre  of  forewings. 

Hamilton  Scrub,  near  Brisbane. 

CONOGETHES    NUBIFERA,  Sp.nov. 

(J$.  12-16  mm.  Head  and  antennae  chronie-yellow.  Palpi 
purple-red.  Thorax  chrome-yellow,  collar  purple-red  subtending 
a  square  dot  on  dorsum,  and  a  spot  laterally  of  same  colour, 
epaulettes  chrome-yellow,  with  base  purple-red.  Abdomen  chrome- 
yellow,  with  base  and  sides  of  centre  segments  purple-red.  Fore- 
wings :  costa  rounded,  hindmargin  gently  rounded  ;  light  chrome 
or  ochreous-yellow,  with  purple-red  dots,  lines,  and  suffusions,  a 
dot  at  base  on  costa,  a  line  or  broken  into  two  or  three  dots  near 
base  across  wing  ;  a  second  line  from  ^  costa  to  ^  inner  margin, 
curved  outward  in  middle  third,  in  some  specimens  lines  on  folds 
connecting  these  two  lines,  a  discal  dot  at  §  near  costa  ;  3rd  line 
from  near  but  not  touching  costa  at  |  to  ^  inner  margin,  parallel 
to  2nd  line,  dentate  in  inner  half  ;  4th  line  |  costa  to  |  inner 
margin,  thicker  at  costa  and  inner  margin,  enclosed  space  more 
or  less  filled  with  a  suffusion,  except  on  costa,  and  forming  an 
irregular  fascia,  a  suffusion  on  centre  of  posterior  border,  and 
three  clusters  of  8  or  9  dots  between  4th  line  and  hindmargin  : 


BY    THOMAS    P.  LUCAS.  265 

cilia  chrome-yellow.  Hindwings  coloured  as  forewings,  but 
lighter  yellow,  markings  more  sparse,  a  dot  near  costa  at  5,  two 
dots  from  inner  margin  at  f  toward  centre  of  wing,  a  line  from  | 
costa  to  anal  angle  of  hind  margin  broken  up  into  dots  in  hind- 
marginal  half,  a  blotch  just  before  apex  of  costa,  in  a  line  with  a 
series  of  three  or  four  dots  to  centre  of  hindmargin  ;  cilia  as  fore- 
wings. 

Birpengarry,  Brisbane  ;  six  specimens  taken  by  Dr.  T.  L. 
Bancroft. 

The  difference  in  the  markings,  the  purple  suffusion,  and  the 
smaller  size  readily  distinguish  this  from  C.  punctiferalis  or  var. 
jocata. 

Family  PHYCITID.E. 

Myelois  flaveotincta,  sp.nov. 

^5.  17-20  mm.  Head  grey,  freely  dusted  with  black,  face 
fuscous.  Palpi  fuscous,  grey  at  base.  Antennae  smoky-fuscous. 
Thorax  grey,  freely  dusted  with  black.  Abdomen  fuscous,  apex 
of  each  segment  grey,  in  $  the  abdomen  dusted  or  tinted  with 
fulvous,  and  with  the  apical  segment  fulvous.  Forewings  elongate, 
narrowly  dilate,  costa  gently  rounded,  hindmargin  obliquely 
rou  tided,  white-grey,  freely  dusted  and  mottled  with  fuscous-grey 
and  black,  and  marbled  with  about  7  indefinite  black  wavy  dentate 
transverse  circular  lines,  at  equal  distances  from  base  to  hind- 
margin of  wing ;  in  most  specimens  the  lines  are  hidden  by  the 
diffusion  of  fuscous-grey  and  black ;  a  conspicuous  black  dot  on 
inner  border  near  base,  a  2nd  at  ^  inner  border,  with  another  at 
I  costa,  a  4th  at  |^  inner  margin,  and  a  5th  just  before  apex  of 
costa ;  a  hindmarginal  smoke-colour  line  of  spots :  cilia  grey, 
with  a  band  of  smoky-grey.  Hindwings  ftyaline,  veins  light 
fuscous ;  cilia  white,  with  a  grey  basal  band.  In  the  $  the 
bases  of  all  wings  when  fresh  are  tinted  with  a  shading  of 
fulvous,  more  widely  on  hindwings. 

Brisbane  ;  at  light. 


266       ON    TWENTY    NEW   SPECIES   OF   AUSTRALIAN    LEPIDOPTERA. 
HOM^OSOMA    DELINEATA,  sp.nov. 

^$.  14-24  mm.  Head  grey- white,  in  some  specimens  a  fuscous 
spot  on  crown,  in  others  minute  scattered  fuscous  dots.  Palpi 
fuscous.  Antennae  fuscous- drab.  Thorax  and  abdomen  grey- 
white.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  rounded,  hindmargin  rounded, 
grey-white,  dusted  or  more  or  less  diffused  with  grey,  and  spotted 
with  fuscous  dots,  well  marked  or  more  or  less  obscure  ;  costal 
border  fuscous,  darker  in  apical  third,  the  fuscous  colour  becoming 
more  diffused  at  apex  ;  a  first  line  of  two  dots,  the  one  at  ^  and 
near  inner  border,  the  second  opposite  to  it  on  median  vein ;  a 
dot  in  middle  of  wing  at  ?  ;  a  second  line  of  seven  dots  with 
interposed  dashes  from  ^  costa  to  opposite  f  inner  border ;  in 
some  specimens  there  is  a  more  or  less  distinct  fuscous  line 
between  the  inner  marginal  dots ;  a  submarginal  line  or  diffusion 
of  grey  dashes ;  a  hindmarginal  row  of  fuscous-grey  dots  :  cilia 
grey.  Hindwings  grey,  veins  smoky -grey;  submai-ginal  and  hind- 
marginal  lines  of  fuscous-grey  inclose  a  narrow  band  of  light 
fuscous ;  cilia  as  forewings. 

Brisbane ;  rare. 


267 


FURTHER  NOTES  ON  THE  OVIPARITY  OF 

THE  LARGER  VICTORIAN  PERIPATUS,  GENERALLY 

KNOWN  AS  P.  LEUGKARTII. 

By  Arthur  Dendy,  D.Sc. 

(Communicated  by  Professor  W.  A.  Hasweli.) 

My  observations*  on  the  oviparous  habit  of  the  larger  Victorian 
Peripatus  (hitherto  generally  regarded  as  identical  with  the 
Peripatus  leicckartii  of  Sang.)  have  excited  a  good  deal  of  hostile 
criticism,  chiefly  emanating  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  J.  J.  Fletcher. 
On  three  different  occasions  since  the  publication  of  my  notes 
Mr.  Fletcher  has  brought  the  question  before  the  Linnean  Society 
of  New  South  Wales,  and  his  remarks  have  been  published  (I  do 
not  know  whether  in  full  or  not)  in  the  Abstracts  of  Proceedings 
of  the  Society.! 

I  have  already  replied  to  the  earlier  criticisms  in  a  short  paper 
read  at  the  Hobart  Meeting  of  the  Australasian  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science,  which  will,  I  am  informed,  be  published 
shortly.  Mr.  Fletcher's  latest  observations,  however,  compel  me 
to  return  to  the  question,  and  I  am  the  more  willing  to  do  so  as  I 
have  some  further  information  to  communicate  in  support  of  my 
views. 

The  object  of  Mr.  Fletcher's  latest  contribution  to  the  literature 
of  the  subject  is  explained  in  the  opening  paragraph,  which  runs 
as  follows  : — "This  paper  is  a  reply  to  certaia  views  expressed  by 
Dr.  Dendy  with  regard  to  the  repi'oduction  of  the  New  South 

*  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Victoria  for  1891,  p.  31  ;  "Nature,"  September  17, 
1891  ;  and  "  Zoologischer  Anzeiger,"  No.  380,  1891. 

t  September  30,  1891  ;  February  24,  1892  ;  April  27,  1892. 


268      ON   THE    OVIPARITY    OP   THE    LARGER   VICTORIAN    PERIPATUS, 

Wales  Peripatus,  which  on  the  ipse  dixit  of  Dr.  Dendy  himself  is 
P.  leuckartii,  Sang.  ;  the  questions  at  issue  being  not  whether  or 
no  the  Victorian  Peripatus  is  oviparous,  but  whether,  firstly,  Dr. 
Dendy  was  justified,  on  the  evidence  before  him  and  in  the  absence 
of  any  personal  knowledge  of  the  reproduction  of  the  N.S.W. 
Peripatus,  in  contradicting  statements  which  were  quite  in  order ; 
and  secondly,  as  Dr.  Dendy's  views  were  published  in  September, 
1891,  and  as  certain  information  on  the  subject  was  subsequently 
brought  under  his  notice,  whether  it  is  not  now  nearly  time  that 
Dr.  Dendy  took  steps  to  explain  that  his  views  apply  wholly  and 
solely  to  the  Victorian  Peripatus,  and  to  withdraw  his  insinuations 
respecting,  and  his  erroneous  interpretation  of,  '  Mr.  Fletcher's 
observations,'  because  already  Dr.  Dendy's  statements  are  finding 
their  way  into  the  records  of  zoological  literature,  and  confusion 
and  misapprehension  may  result  therefrom." 

In  reply  to  Mr.  Fletcher's  indictment  I  wish  to  make  the 
following  remarks ;  — 

(1)  I  do  not  understand  the  meaning  of  the  statement  that  the 
New  South  Wales  Peripatus  is,  "  on  the  ipse  dixit  of  Dr.  Dendy 
himself,"  P.  leuckartii.  I  cex'tainly  am  not  responsible  for  this 
identification,  which  was,  I  believe,  first  made  by  Mr.  OllifF,  who 
remarks,*  on  first  recording  the  animal  from  New  South  Wales, 
that  "  The  species  is  identical  with  that  recently  recorded  by  Mr. 
Fletcher  from  Gippsland,  and  is  probably  the  Peripatus  leuckartii 
of  Sanger."  I  need  scarcely  point  out  that  the  name  leuckarti 
has  since  been  applied  by  Mr.  Fletcher  himself  to  the  New  South 
Wales  species. 

Possibly  Mr.  Fletcher  means  to  refer  to  the  larger  Victorian 
species,  of  which  the  first  recorded  specimen  was  identified  by 
himself \  as  "in  all  probability  an  example  of  P.  leuckartii, 
Sanger."  If  Mr.  Fletcher  will  refer  to  my  earliest  communication 
on  the  subject,!  he  will  find  that  in  recording  the  discovery  of 

*  P.L.S.N.S.W.  Vol.  ii.  p.  981. 

t  P.L.S.N.S.W.  Vol.  ii.  p.  450. 

:J:  "  Victorian  Naturalist,"  January,  1889. 


BY    ARTHUR    DENDY.  269 

two  specimens  at  Warburton  (only  one  specimen  having  been 
previously  recorded  from  this  colony)  I  made  the  following 
statement:  "After  carefully  studying  Professor  Sedgwick's  full 
description  of  A  leuckartii,  I  am  fairly  certain  that  they  do  not 
belong  to  that  species,  but  to  a  new  one,  which  I  for  the  present 
refrain  from  naming  " — basing  my  conclusion  on  the  remarkable 
pattern  of  the  skin.  Professor  Sedgwick,  however,  in  reply  to  my 
observations,  expressed  the  opinion*  that  the  species  probably 
was  subject  to  a  considerable  range  of  variation  in  colour.  Having 
studied  more  specimens,  I  myself  came  to  the  same  conclusion,! 
and  have  since  then  followed  Mr.  Fletcher  in  calling  the  larger 
Victorian  species  P.  leuckartii.  This  use  of  the  name  leiickartii 
on  my  part  seems  to  be  Mr.  Fletcher's  chief  grievance  against  me, 
but  I  would  ask  him  to  remember  that  T  have  only  followed  his 
own  lead  in  this  respect. 

(2)  I  am  not  aware  that  I  have  contradicted  any  statements,  for 
the  simple  reason  that  I  cannot  find  that  there  were  any  definite 
statements  as  to  the  mode  of  reproduction  of  the  New  South 
Wales  Peripatus  for  me  to  contradict.  There  was  merely  the 
assumption  by  Mr.  Fletcher  (which  I  quoted  and  characterised  as 
very  natural)  that  the  young  animals  which  he  found  in  company 
with  the  parent  had  been  born  alive. 

(3)  I  consider  that  I  was  fully  justified  in  assuming  that  the 
mode  of  reproduction  of  the  N.S.  W.  Peripatus  was  the  same  as 
that  of  the  Victorian  one,  as  at  the  time  when  I  wrote  there  were 
no  definite  observations  published  as  to  the  mode  of  reproduction 
of  the  former,  and  it  was  almost  inconceivable  that  diflferent 
individuals,  which  Mr.  Fletcher  himself,  in  common  with  all 
other  writers  on  the  subject,  regarded  as  belonging  to  one  and 
the  same  species,  should  be  oviparous  in  the  one  colony  and 
viviparous  in  the  other.  I  have  no  doubt  now  that  the  New 
South    Wales    Peripatiis    is    viviparous,    as    maintained    by    Mr, 

*  "Nature,"  February  '2Sth,  1889. 
+  "Observations  on  the  Australian  Species  of  Peripatus."     Proc.  Roy. 
Soc.  Victoria,  July  Uth,  1889. 


270       ON    THE    OVIPARITY    OF    THE    LARGER    VICTORIAN    PERIPATUS, 

Fletcher  and  Professor  Haswell,  but  I  would  ask  Mr.  Fletcher 
to  remember  that  when  I  wrote  the  only  published  observations 
as  to  the  mode  of  reproduction  of  the  New  South  Wales  species 
were  (a)  the  finding  of  the  young  in  company  with  the  mother, 
though  there  was  nothing,  so  far  as  the  published  account  goes, 
to  show  that  they  had  not  been  hatched  from  eggs  laid  for  some 
time,  and  (b)  a  footnote*  to  one  of  Mr.  Fletcher's  observations, 
stating  that  a  female  had  been  dissected  and  found  to  be  pregnant; 
the  term  pregnant  is  not  defined,  and  might,  in  my  opinion,  be 
correctly  applied  to  a  female  containing  large  but  undeveloped 
eggs  in  the  uterus  ;  nothing  is  said  by  Mr.  Fletcher  about  the 
embryos. 

Mr.  Fletcher  may  personally  have  had  abundant  evidence  that 
the  New  South  Wales  Peripatus  was  viviparous,  but  that  evidence 
was  not  published,  and  not  known  to  me  when  I  waote,  and 
therefore  I  consider  that  I  was  quite  justified  in  stating  that  the 
mode  of  reproduction  of  /■*.  leuckartii  was  unknown,  and  in  placing 
my  own  interpretation  upon  the  only  recorded  facts  as  to  the 
life-history  of  the  New  South  Wales  form.  Naturally,  I  inter- 
preted them  in  the  light  of  my  own  observations  on  the  Victorian 
species.  That  interpretation  I  now  fully  admit  to  be  incorrect, 
and  I  congratulate  myself  that  if  my  observations  have  had  no 
other  good  result  they  have  at  least  elicited  some  definite  infor- 
mation as  to  the  mode  of  reproduction  of  the  New  South  Wales 
Peripatus. 

(4)  Mr.  Fletcher  seems  to  be  very  greatly  troubled  because 
my  statements  are  already  "  finding  their  way  into  the  records 
of  zoological  literature,  and  confusion  and  misajiprehension  may 
result  therefrom."  There  is  not  the  slightest  need  for  confusion 
now  that  we  have  at  length  a  definite  statement  as  to  the  repro- 
duction of  the  N.S.W.  species.  It  must  be  perfectly  obvious  to 
every  reader  that  my  own  observations  were  based  entirely  on 
Victorian  specimens,  as  stated  distinctly  in  the  paper,  and  that 
my  suggestion  as  to  the  New  South  Wales  form  was  a  perfectly 

*  P.L.S.N.S.W.  Vol.  iii.  p.  892. 


BY    ARTHUR    DENDV.  271 

justifiable,  though,  as  it  turns  out,  incorrect,  deduction  from  the 
only  published  facts.  It  is  perhaps  unfortunate  that  both  the 
New  South  Wales  and  Victorian  forms  should  have  been  included 
under  the  name  leuckartii ;  but  for  this  Mr.  Fletcher  himself  is 
at  least  as  much  responsible  as  any  one. 

(5)  Mr.  Fletcher  states  that  the  question  at  issue  is  not  whether 
or  no  the  Victorian  species  is  oviparous.  Herein  1  must  beg  to 
differ  from  him,  as  this  is  the  real  question  which  I  have  been  all 
along  trying  to  solve,  and  compared  with  which  the  mere  question 
of  nomenclature  is,  in  my  opinion,  insignificant.  In  concluding 
his  observations  he  also  indulges  in  certain  offensive  and  unjustifi- 
able personalities,  which  I  need  not  quote.  It  is  greatly  to  be 
regretted  that  he  should  have  considered  such  a  proceeding 
advisable,  and,  for  my  own  part,  I  entirely  fail  to  see  the  advan- 
tage to  be  derived  therefrom  and  must  refuse  to  follow  his 
example  in  this  respect. 

Probably  the  solution  of  the  whole  difficulty  will  be  found  to 
lie  in  the  fact  that  my  original  opinion  was  correct  after  all,  and 
that  our  larger  Victorian  Peripatus  is  specifically  distinct  from 
P.  leuckartii.  For  the  present,  however,  I  still  refi-ain  from 
giving  it  a  distinctive  name,  as  I  have  had  very  few  specimens 
from  other  localities  to  compare  it  with,  and  do  not  wish,  if  it 
can  be  helped,  to  create  a  new  species  merely  on  account  of  the 
oviparous  habit.  This  question,  however,  is  discussed  in  my 
communication  to  the  Australasian  Association  already  referred 
to. 

As  to  the  oviparous  habit  of  our  larger  Victorian  species  (so 
called  to  distinguish  it  from  the  smaller  P.  insignis)  I  have  some 
additional  evidence  to  offer,  and  I  would  like  at  the  same  time  to 
recapitulate  the  main  arguments  in  favour  of  my  view.  My 
critics  have  entirely  ignored  all  that  is  new  in  my  observations, 
such  as  the  remarkable  sculptured  egg-shell,  and  have  suggested 
that  what  I  have  observed  is  simply  a  case  of  abnormal  extrusion 
of  eggs  such  as  takes  place  sometimes  in  P.  novce-zealandice. 
Professor  Hutton,  however,  who  made  the  observation  on  the 
New  Zealand  species,  merely  states  that  the  eggs  are  often 
18 


272      ON   THE   OVIPARITY    OF   THE    LARGER   VICTORIAN    PERIPATUS, 

extruded  before  development  is  complete  and  then  always  die. 
Professor  Sedgwick  quotes  these  statements  in  his  Monograph  of 
the  genus,  and  yet  in  replying*  to  my  letter  in  "  Nature  "  he 
states  that  "  no  one  knows  whether  the  eggs  so  extruded  undergo 
complete  development " !  I  suppose  that  most  animals  sometimes 
extrude  eggs  which  never  complete  their  development,  but  this 
has  I'eally  little  to  do  with  the  question.  What  I  have  been 
endeavouring  to  prove  is  that  the  larger  Victorian  species  of 
Peripatus  is  normally  oviparous.  The  two  principal  arguments 
originally  brought  forward — both  of  which  have  been  entirely 
overlooked  by  my  critics — were  (1)  that  female  specimens  dissected 
at  various  times  of  the  year  were  never  found  with  embryos  in 
the  uterus,  as  has  been  so  frequently  described  for  other  species, 
but  generally  with  large  undeveloped  eggs  of  definite  oval  shape 
and  with  a  thick  membrane ;  (2)  that  the  shell  or  membrane  of 
the  eggs  after  (but  not  before)  being  laid  is  very  definitely  and 
characteristically  sculptured  on  the  outer  surface,  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  recall  the  eggs  of  many  insects.  This  sculpturing 
alone  appears  to  me  to  indicate  a  truly  oviparous  habit,  and, 
inasmuch  as  it  affords  another  character  common  to  Peripatus 
and  the  Insecta,  to  deserve  special  attention.  I  am  not  aware 
that  a  sculptured  egg-shell  has  hitherto  been  observed  in  Peripatus, 
and  I  should  be  glad  to  learn  from  Mr.  Fletcher  whether  anything 
of  the  kind  has  ever  been  found  around  embryos  of  the  New 
South  Wales  species  which  have,  as  he  informs  us,*^  been  extruded 
in  the  process  of  drowning. 

The  additional  evidence  on  the  subject  which  I  now  wish  to 
bring  forward  consists  in  the  subsequent  history  of  the  fourteen 
eggs  which  were  laid  in  my  vivarium  between  the  18th  May  and 
the  31st  July  last  year,  and  of  one  which,  though  possibly  laid 
about  the  same  time,  was  not  discovered  until  September  16. 
Before  going  any  further,  however,  I  may  premise  that  the  fact 
that  the  eggs  are  really  those  of  Perijmtus  has  been  absolutely 

*  "  Nature,"  September  24th,  1891. 
*  P.L.S.N.S.W.  September  30,  1891. 


BY    ARTHUR    DENDY.  273 

proved  by  their  development.     It  may  also  be  as  well  to  relate 
the  fate  of  the  parent  animals  by  which  the  eggs  were  laid. 

It  may  be  remembered  that  on  the  31st  July,  1891,  when  the 
eggs  were  first  found,  there  were  in  the  vivarium  three  females 
and  one  male,  all  apparently  in  good  health.  The  male  specimen 
died  shortly  afterwards,  but  on  August  17th  the  females  were 
still  all  alive  and  apparently  healthy.  On  August  31st,  as 
mentioned  in  a  postscript  to  my  first  communication  on  the 
subject,  one  of  the  female  specimens  was  found  dead.  On  being 
dissected  the  reproductive  organs  appeared  very  well  developed, 
but,  although  the  ovary  and  oviducts  were  both  large  (the  former 
containing  a  great  many  ovarian  eggs),  there  was  not  a  single  egg 
in  either  of  the  oviducts,  all  having  been  doubtless  laid. 

On  September  16th  the  two  remaining  females  were  still  alive. 
I  killed  and  dissected  one.  The  organs  appeared  healthy  and 
well  developed.  In  the  lower  part  of  each  oviduct  one  large  egg 
was  found.  The  eggs  presented  the  usual  characters,  having  a 
very  thick  but  unsculptured  envelope  filled  with  yolk.  Both 
eggs  were  cut  open  and  examined  microscopically,  but  I  did  not 
succeed  in  recognising  any  trace  of  an  embryo  in  either. 

On  completely  turning  out  the  vivarium  and  examining  its 
contents  carefully  I  found  one  more  Peripatus  egg  amongst  the 
rotten  wood  (September  16th).  It  looked  much  healthier  than 
those  which  had  previously  been  transferred  from  the  vivarium, 
many  of  the  latter  having  already  begun  to  shrivel  up  and  acquire 
a  dark  colour.  In  the  newly  found  egg,  and  also  in  the  healthier 
looking  of  those  previously  obtained,  there  now  appeared  to  be  a 
dark  spot  in  the  interior,  but  this  was  only  dimly  visible  through 
the  thick  sculptured  shell. 

On  September  2.5th  the  last  remaining  female  was  still  appar- 
ently in  good  health,  but  on  October  1st  it  was  found  dead — how 
long  it  had  been  so  I  do  not  know.  On  dissection  I  found  the 
internal  organs  in  a  bad  condition.  Neither  eggs  nor  embryos 
were  visible  in  the  oviducts.     The  ducts  of  the  slime  glands  were 


274       ON    THE    OVIPARITY    OF    THE    LARGER    VICTORIAX    PERIPATUS, 

very  much  enlarged  and  swollen  out,  while  the  branched  portions 
appeared  feebly  developed,  in  fact  not  distinctly  recognisable.  The 
alimentary  canal  was  almost  empty,  and  the  animal  seemed  to 
have  died  of  starvation. 

On  October  3rd  I  dissected  one  of  the  eggs  from  the  hatching- 
box.  I  could  find  no  embryo  in  it,  but  only  the  same  semi-liquid, 
yolk-like  contents  as  when  in  utero,  full  of  little  oil  or  yolk 
globules.  Inside  the  thick  sculptured  "shell"  there  was,  as 
usual,  a  very  thin  and  delicate  transparent  membrane.  Probably 
a  young  embryo  was  really  present  but  was  broken  up  in  opening 
the  egg  and  overlooked;  even  at  a  much  later  period  the  embryonic 
tissues  are  extremely  delicate. 

On  November  30th  I  noted  that  several  of  the  eggs  were  showing 
indications  of  an  embryo  appearing  coiled  up  within  them,  but 
the  shell  was  so  thick  and  opaque  that  it  was  impossible  to  make 
out  any  details.  I  dissected  the  egg  which  was  found  on  Septem- 
ber 16th,  and  which  had  since  then  been  kept  separate  from  the 
rest.  I  found  in  it  a  beautiful  embryo  Peripatus  in  an  advanced 
stage  of  development.  The  embryo  was  surrounded  by  a  delicate 
transparent  membrane,  which  fitted  closely  on  to  it  and  was  very 
difficult  to  I'emove ;  outside  this  came  the  sculptured  shell.  The 
embryo  possessed  a  distinct  head,  with  clearly  recognisable  brain, 
eyes  and  ringed  antennae,  and  there  were  at  least  seven  pairs  of 
appendages  behind  the  antennae.  It  lay  tightly  coiled  up,  with 
the  posterior  extremity  resting  against  the  side  of  the  neck,  in 
such  a  position  as  to  make  it  very  difficult  to  count  the  appen- 
dages.    The  specimen  was  stained  and  mounted  in  Canada  bal.sam. 

This  embryo,  then,  developed  for  more  than  10  weeks  after  the 
egg  had  been  laid  and  did  not  show  the  least  sign  of  "  going  to 
the  bad." 

I  need  hardly  say  that  during  the  heat  of  the  summer  months 
I  found  it  \i  very  difficult  matter  to  keep  the  eggs  in  a  suitable 
condition  of  moisture,  especially  as  I  had  no  previous  experience 
to  guide  me.  Hence  it  is  not  to  be  wondered  at  that  the  majority 
of  the  eggs  perished,  shrivelling  up  and  being  attacked  by  a  mould. 


BY    ARTHUR    DENDY,  275 

As  I  was  away  from  Melbourne  for  some  weeks  during  the  summer, 
I  entrusted  the  eggs  to  the  care  of  the  Rev.  W.  Fielder,  who  most 
kindly  looked  after  them  for  me  in  my  absence.  Frequent  atten- 
tion was  necessary  in  renewing  the  supply  of  moisture. 

On  April  14th,  1892,  only  three  eggs  remained  in  the  hatching 
box,  the  others  having  been  removed  as  they  showed  signs  of 
going  bad.  One  of  the  remaining  three  had  been  showing  dark 
pigment  inside  for  some  days  past.  This  egg  I  lemoved  and 
carefully  dissected.  I  found  the  shell  of  a  much  darker  (yellow) 
colour  than  when  laid,  a  good  deal  crumpled  on  the  surface,  and 
very  soft,  as  though  beginning  to  decay  away.  The  contained 
embryo  was  removed  and  found  to  be  in  excellent  condition, 
although  outside  it  there  appeared  under  the  microscope  a  great 
many  very  fine  threads,  which  I  take  to  be  the  hyphse  of  a  fungus. 
Possibly  this  fungus  might  have  ultimately  killed  the  embiyo, 
but  the  latter  was  so  far  advanced  that  it  seemed  to  be  on  the 
verge  of  hatching.  It  was  enclosed  within  the  usual  transparent 
delicate  membrane  lying  within  the  thick  shell.  I  could  not 
determine  whether  the  fungal  hyphse  had  penetrated  witiiin  this 
inner  membrane,  but  I  think  it  very  doubtful.  The  embryo  was 
tightly  coiled  up  as  in  the  previous  case.  When  uncoiled  it 
measured  about  5  mm.  in  length  (exclusive  of  the  antennae)  and 
1  mm.  in  breadth.  All  the  appendages  were  developed,  viz., 
antennae,  oral  papillae,  two  pairs  of  jaws  and  fifteen  pairs  of 
claw-bearing  legs.  The  eyes  were  conspicuous  at  the  bases  of  the 
antennte,  and  the  antennae  themselves  showed  each  about  twenty 
deeply  pigmented  annuli.  The  remainder  of  the  body  was  nearly 
white,  but  very  distinct  isolated  pigment  patches  (chiefly  indigo- 
blue,  with  a  few  specks  of  orange)  appeared  scattered  pretty 
abundantly  over  the  legs  and  back.  The  mouth  was  surrounded 
by  the  very  characteristic,  thick,  transversely  furrowed  lip.  The 
dermal  papillae  were  very  obvious  and  exhibited  the  characteristic 
spines,  the  cuticle  being  very  strongly  developed.  The  claws  on 
the  feet  were  very  distinct.  The  alimentary  canal  was  full  of 
granular  food  yolk.  The  specimen  was  stained  with  borax 
carmine  and  mounted  in  Canada  balsam. 


276       ON    THE    OVI PARITY    OF    THE    LARGER    VICTORIAN    PERIPATUS. 

This  embryo,  then,  developed  for  at  least  eight  months  and  a 
half  after  the  egg  was  laid,  and  at  the  end  of  that  time  was  a 
perfect  young  Peripatus,  differing  externally  from  the  adult  only 
in  its  smaller  size  and  less  deeply  pigmented  skin. 

There  are  still  two  eggs  left  in  the  hatching  box,  but  they  do 
not  look  to  me  at  present  as  if  they  were  going  to  hatch.  Whether 
they  do  so  or  not,  however,  I  think  I  may  fairly  claim  to  have 
now  definitely  proved  that  the  larger  Victorian  Peripatus  at  any 
rate  sometimes  lays  eggs,  and  that  these  eggs  are  capable  of 
undergoing  development  outside  the  body  until  perfect  young 
animals  are  produced.  The  great  length  of  time  required  for  the 
dev^elopment  of  the  eggs  is  very  remarkable,  but  is  only  what  one 
might  expect  on  considering  the  unusual  length  of  time  required 
for  intra-uterine  development  in  other  species. 


277 


NOTES    AND    EXHIBITS. 


Mr.  Palmer  exhibited  a  broken  aboriginal  stone  axe  fonnd  l)y 
liim  in  a  cave  shelter  at  Lawson,  Blue  Mts. 

Mr.  Pedlej  exhibited  a  very  fine  and  perfect  saw,  about  5  ft.  long, 
of  the  saw-fish  Pristis  zysron,  Bleeker.  The  fish  without  the  saw 
was  about  19  ft.  long,  and  was  captured  in  a  net  at  Evans  River, 
N.S.W.  The  number  of  pairs  of  rostral  teeth  for  this  species  is 
usually  given  as  from  26-32  ;  the  specimen  exhibited  had  only  25 
pairs,  all  in  place. 

Mr.  Whitelegge  exhibited  the  following  interesting  collection 
of  mosses  obtained  by  him  at  Lord  Howe  Island,  and  determined 
by  Professor  Brothei'us  of  Helsingfors.  Twenty  species  are  repre- 
sented, of  which  seven  are  new,  some  of  the  remainder  also  not 
having  been  previously  recorded  from  Lord  Howe  Island. 

Euptychiuni  mucronatiom,  Hanipe. 

Euptychium  robustum,  Hampe. 

Macromitritvm  j^eraristatum,  Brotherus,  n.sp. 

Macromitrium  brevisetaceum,  Hampe. 

Rhizogonitcm  undulatum,  Lindberg. 

Rhizogonium  Parramattense,  C.  Miiller. 

Bryum  Whiteleggei,  Brotherus,  n.sp. 

Bryum  leticacanthum,  Hampe. 

Distichophyllum  leucolonia,  Brotherus,  n.sp. 

Cyatlwpliorum  ^iennatum,  Bridel. 

Thuidium  protensuluin,  C.  Miiller. 

Trichosteleum  (?)  muscicola,  Brotherus,  n.sp. 

Dicranum  dicarpum,  Hornschuch. 

Campy lopus  bartramioides,  Bi-otherus,  n.sp. 

Leucobryum  pseudo-caiididuin,  Brotherus,  n.sp. 

Pterobryella  praetdtens,  Hampe. 

Pilotrichella  trichophoroides,  Hampe. 

Porotrichum  vagiom,  Hornschuch. 

Fissidens  ( C onomitrium )  huweanus,  Brotherus,  n.sp. 

Spiridens  MUlleri,  Hampe. 


278  NOTES    AND    EXHIBITS. 

Mr.  Froggatt  exhibited  three  feraale  specimens  of  an  undescribed 
species  of  Coelostoma  (Fam.  Coccidce)  found  on  Acacia  stricta;  the 
only  other  known  species,  C.  australe,  was  recently  described  by 
Mr.  Maskell  in  the  Proceedings  of  this  Society.  Also  a  robber-fly 
(Fam.  Asilidoi)  together  with  a  bee  {Ajns  melUfica),  its  victim  ; 
and  he  mentioned  that  one  of  these  flies,  Trupania  apivora,  Feitch, 
in  North  America  was  known  to  be  a  ruthless  destroyer  of  honey 
bees. 

Mr.  Hedley  exhibited,  on  behalf  of  Mr.  Eainbow,  a  spider  of 
the  family  Epeiridce.  This  rare  and  remarkable  insect  furnishes 
an  addition  to  our  fauna,  and  a  new  genus  maybe  required  for  its 
reception. 


279 


WEDNESDAY,  29th  JUNE,  1892. 


The  President,  Professor  Haswell,  jVI.A.,  D.Sc,  in  the  Chair. 


Mr.  Oswald  Trebeck  was  introduced  as  a  visitor. 


DONATIONS. 

"  United  States  National  Museum — Proceedings."  Vol.  xiv., 
Nos.  884-886  (1892).     From  the  Museum. 

"  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York — Bulletin." 
Vol.  iv.,  pp.  33-64  (1892).     From  the  Museum. 

"  Bolletfcino  dei  Musei  di  Zoologia  ed  Anatomia  comparata 
della  R.  Universita  di  Torino."  Vol.  vii.,  Nos.  112-119  (1892). 
From  the  Mthsetim. 

Two  pamphlets  entitled — "  On  the  Oleo-Resin  of  Canariuvi 
muelleri,  Bailey ;  together  with  Notes  on  Manila  elemi,"  and 
"  Notes  on  the  Exudations  yielded  by  some  Australian  Species 
of  Pittosjjorum."  By  J.  H.  Maiden,  F.C.S.,  &c.  From  the 
Author. 

Pamphlet  entitled — "  On  Thirty-Four  new  Species  of  Australian 
Lepidoptera,  with  additional  Localities,  &c."  By  T.  P,  Lucas, 
M.R.C.S.,  &c.     From  the  Author. 

"  Perak  Government  Gazette."- — Vol.  v.,  Nos.  10-14  (April-May, 
1892).     From  the  Government  Secretary. 

"Bulletin  de  la  Societe  d'Horticulture  du  Doubs."  No.  16 
(April,  1892).     F^-om  the  Society, 

"Department  of  Agriculture,  Brisbane — Annual  Report,  1890- 
91  ";  "Bulletin."  No.  17  (May,  1892).  From  the  Under  Secre- 
tary for  Agriculture. 


280  DONATIONS. 

"  Zoologischer  Anzeiger."  xv.  Jabrg.,  Nos.  389-391  (April- 
May,  1892).     From  the  Editor. 

*'  Wood  ward  ian  Museum,  Cambridge — Catalogue  of  the  Type 
Fossils  in  the  Museum"  (1891).     From  the  Museum. 

"  Verhandlungen  des  Naturhistorischen  Vereines  der  preussis- 
chen  Rheinlande,  Westfalens  and  des  Reg.-Bezirks  Osnabriick." 
Eiinfte  Folge,  viii.  Jahrg.,  Zweite  Halfte  (1891).  From  the 
Society. 

"  Videnskabelige  Meddelelser  fra  den  Naturhistoriske  Forening 
i  Kjobenhavn  for  Aaret  1891."     From  the  Society. 

"  Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Geological  Society."  Vol.  xlviii., 
Part  2,  No.  190  (May,  1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Entomological  Society  of  London — Transactions  for  the  year 
1892."     Part  1  (March).     From  the  Society. 

"Zoological  Society  of  London — Transactions."  Vol.  xiii., 
Part  4  (April,  1892);  "Proceedings,  1891."  Part  4  (April, 
1892);  "  Proceedings— Index  1881-90  (1892)";  "Abstract, 
3rd  May,  1892";  "Additions  to  Menagerie  during  March,  1892." 
From  the  Society. 

"Journal  of  the  Royal  Microscopical  Society,  1892."  Part  2 
(April).     From  the  Society. 

Two  Conchological  Pamphlets  entitled — "  Descriptions  of  new- 
Species  of  Shells  from  New  South  Wales,  Nev.'  Guinea,  the  Caro- 
line and  Solomon  Islands,"  and  "  Descriptions  of  new  Species  of 
Shells  from  Mauritius  and  California."  By  E.  A.  Smith,  F.Z.S. 
From  the  Author. 

"  Report  of  the  Third  Meeting  of  the  Australasian  Association 
for  the  Advancement  of  Science  held  at  Christchurch,  New 
Zealand,  in  January,  1891."     From  the  Association. 

"  University  of  Melbourne — Examination  Papers  (Matricula- 
tion)."    May,  1892.     From  the  University. 

"  The  Victorian  Naturalist."  Vol.  ix.,  Nos.  2-3  (June-July, 
1892).     Froon  the  Field  Naturalists''  Club  of  Victoria. 

"  Societe  Zoologique  de  France — Memoires."  T.  iv..  No.  5 
(1891) ;  T.  v.,  No.  1  (1892) ;  "  Bulletin."  T.  xvii..  No.  2  (1892). 
From  the  Society. 


DONATIONS.  281 

"  Results  of  Meteorological  Observations  made  in  N.S.W. 
during  1889"';  "Results  of  Rain,  River,  and  Evaporation  Obser- 
vations made  in  N.S.W.  during  1890 " ;  and  two  pamphlets 
entitled — "  Notes  on  the  Growth  of  some  Australian  Trees,"  and 
"  A  Cyclonic  Storm  or  Tornado  in  the  Gwydir  District."  By  H. 
C.  Russell,  B.A.,  C.M.G.,  F.R.S.  From  the  Government  Astrono- 
mer, Sydiiey. 

"  Department  of  Mines,  Victoria — Annual  Report  of  the  Secre- 
tary for  Mines  for  the  year  1891."  From  the  Secretary  for  Mines. 
"  Nouvelles  Archives  du  Museum  d'Histoire  Naturelle."  •3'"'* 
Serie,  Tome  iii""*  (1891) ;  "  Zeitschrift  fiir  wissenschaftliche  Zoo- 
logie."  liii.  Band,  4  Heft  u.  Supplement.  The  Gift  of  the  late 
Hon.  Sir  William  Macleay,  F.L.S.  (by  the  Executors). 

"  Sydney  Morning  Herald."  In  monthly  numbers  for  the  years 
1883,  1884,  1885, 1886  (except  October),  1887  (except  September 
and  October),  1888  (except  October  and  December),  1889,  1890, 
1891  (January  to  July).     From  Dr.  J.  C.  Cox,  F.L.S. 

"  Institute  of  Jamaica — A  Provisional  List  of  the  Fishes  of 
Jamaica  ;  Bulletin  No.  1  "  (1892).     From  the  Institute. 

"  Bulletin  de  la  Societe  Royale  Linn^enne  de  Bruxelles."  xvii""^ 
Annee,  Nos.  1-6  (November,  1891,  to  April,  1892).  From  the 
Society. 

"Bulletin  de  la  Societe  Royale  de  Geographie  d'Anvers."  T. 
xvi.,  3'^  Fasc.  (1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Journal  of  the  College  of  Science,  Imperial  University,  Japan." 
Vol.  v..  Part  1  (1892).     From  the  University. 

"Societe  Botanique  de  Lyon —Bulletin  Trimestriel."  ix'"® 
Ann^e,  Nos.  3  et  4  (Juillet-Decembre,  1891).  From  the  Society. 
"  Naturkundige  Verhandelingen  van  de  Hollandsche  Maat- 
schappij  der  Wetenschappen."  3'^''  Verz.,  Deel  v.,  2"^^  Stuk 
(1892);  "Programma,  1889-91";  "Naamlijst,  1889-91."  From 
the  Dutch  Society  of  Sciences  at  Haarlem. 

"Agricultural  Gazette  of  N.S.W."  Vol.  iii..  Part  5  (May, 
1892);  "Index  to  Vol.  i."  (1890).  From  the  Director  of  Agri- 
culture. 


282  DONATIONS. 

"  Australian  Museum,  Sydney — Catalogue  of  the  Marine  Shells 
of  Australia."  No.  xv.,  Part  2— Pteropoda  (1892).  From,  the 
Trustees. 

"  Royal  Irish  Academy — Transactions."  Yol.  xxix.,  Part  19 
(1892).     From  the  Academy. 

"  Australasian  Journal  of  Pharmacy."  Vol.  vii.,  No  78  (June, 
1892).     From  the  Editor. 

"  Geological  and  Natural  History  Survey  of  Canada — Contri- 
butions to  the  Micro-Palseontology  of  the  Cambro-Silurian  Rocks 
of  Canada."     Part  1  (1883),  Part  2  (1889).     From  the  Director. 

"  American  Naturalist."  Vol.  xxvi.,  Nos.  304-305  (April-May, 
1892).     From  the  Editors. 

"  Canadian  Record  of  Science."  Vol.  v.,  No.  2  (1892).  From 
the  natural  History  Society,  Montreal. 

"  Zoological  Society  of  Philadelphia  —  Twentieth  Annual 
Report."     April,  1892.      Froo^i  the  Society. 

"  Royal  Society  of  Tasmania — Papers  and  Proceedings  for 
1891."     From  the  Society. 

"  Natuurkundig  Tijdschrift  voor  Nederlandsch-Indie,  uitge- 
geven  door  de  Koninlijke  Natuurkundige  Vereeniging."  Deel  li. 
(1892).     Fro7n  the  Society. 

"Archiv  for  Mathematik  og  Naturvidenskab."  Femtende  Bind, 
Nos.  1-3  (1891-92).  From  the  Royal  University  of  Norioay, 
Christiania. 

"  Gesellschaf t  fiir  Erdkunde  zu  Berlin — Verhandlungen."  Bd. 
xix.  (1892),  No.  4:  "Zeitschrift."  Bd.  xxvii.  (1892),  No.  1. 
From  the  Society. 

"  Marine  Biological  Association  of  the  United  Kingdom — 
Journal."  n.s.  Vol.  ii.,  No.  3  (May,  1892).  From  the  Asso- 
ciation. 

"  K.  K.  Naturhistorisches  Hofmuseum,  Wien  —  Annalen, ' 
Band  vi.,  Nos.  1-2  (1891).     From  the  Director. 


283 


PAPERS    READ. 


NOTES   ON   AUSTRALIAN   COLEOPTERA,  WITH 
DESCRIPTIONS   OF   NEW   SPECIES. 

By  the  Rev.  T.  Blackburn,  B.A.,  Core.  Mem. 

Part  XII. 

HYDROPHILID.E. 
Volvulus  punctatus,  Blackb. 

When  I  described  this  species  (P.L.S.N.S.W.  1888,  p.  838)  I 
was  unable  to  ascertain  its  habitat.  I  have  since  received  it  from 
the  Northern  Territory  of  S.  Australia. 

LAMELLICORNES. 

Onthophagus  hostilis,  Har. 

There  is  little  doubt  that  this  is  identical  with  0.  Adelaidce, 
Hope.     Hope's  is  the  older  name. 

Heteronyx  nasutus,  Blackb, 

I  find  that  my  description  of  this  species  (P.L.S.N.S.W.  1889, 
p.  147)  was  founded  on  an  abraded  example,  and  that  in  fresh 
specimens  the  upper  surface  is  thinly  clothed  with  shortish 
adpressed  hairs  in  addition  to  the  long  erect  ones.  This  discovery 
calls  for  an  alteration  in  the  tabulation,  in  which  the  following 
should  be  substituted  for  the  last  13  lines  of  page  141  (loc.  cit). 


284  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

B.  Size  considerably  exceeding  3  lines. 
C.   Prothorax  not  closely  punctulate. 
D.   "Trilobed  outline"  of  head  very 
strongly    defined,     middle    lobe 
(i.e.,  labium)  very  narrow   and 
very  prominent. 
E.   Prothorax    strongly    narrowed 

in  front H.  fervidus,  Blackb. 

EE.   Prothorax  but  little  narrowed 

in  front ...  H.  nasutus,  Blackb. 

DD.   "Trilobed  outline"  of  head  much 

less  strongly  defined  H.  ffranulifer,  Blackb. 

CC.  Prothorax  closely  punctulate H.  normalis,  Blackb. 

JBB.  Size  less  than  3  lines ff.  hrevicornis,  Blackb. 

Heteronyx  rhinoceros,  sp.nov. 

Sat  elongatus ;    postice  vix  dilatatus  ;  minus  nitidus ;    pallide 

fusco-testaceus;  minus  distincte  pubescens;  clypeo  crassissime 

rugulosofere  tuberculato,  capite  postice  prothoraceque  fortiter 

sparsim,   elytris  (his  subtiliter   coriaceis  et   longitudinaliter 

obsolete  carinatis)  leviter  subtilius  sat  sparsim,  pygidio  (hoc 

pilis  erectis  sparsim  vestito)  fere  ut  elytra  sed  magis  obsolete, 

punctulatis ;    labro    clypeum    fortiter    sat    late    superanti ; 

antennis  9-articulatis  ;  unguiculis  bifidis  ;  coxis  posticis  quam 

metasternum    vix    brevioribus,    quam    segmentum    ventrale 

secundum  multo  longioribus.  [Long.  3 J,  lat.  1|  lines. 

The  sculpture  of  the  clypeus  (so  coarsely  rugose  as  to  resemble 

a  system  of  closely  placed  tubercles)  is  in  itself  almost  sufficient 

to  distinguish  this  species  from  all  its  congeners.     The  outline  of 

the  head  is  also  remarkable,  the  labrum  being  so  prominent  and 

the  sides  of  the   clypeus  so  sti'ongly   reflexed   that  the  trilobed 

outline  appears   most  exceptionally  distinct,  all  the  three  lobes 

very   well  defined,  the   uiiddle  one   slightly  narrower   than    the 

lateral    ones,  but   projecting    more  strongly.     The   prothorax    is 

twice  as  wide  as  long,  very  little  narrower  in  front  than  behind, 

the  front  margin  moderately  emarginate,  the  base  not  distinctly 


BY    THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  285 

lobed,  the  front  angles  almost  right  angles  and  scarcely  at  all 
produced,  the  hind  angles  rounded  off,  the  sides  strongly  rounded. 
The  lower  two  external  teeth  of  the  front  tibiae  are  very  strong 
and  sharp,  the  uppermost  is  very  minute.  The  apical  piece  of  the 
hind  claws  is  a  little  longer  than  the  produced  apex  of  the  basal 
piece,  which  is  truncate  at  the  apex. 

In  my  tabulation  of  the  group  of  Reteronyjc  (Section  iii.,  Group 
VI.,  P.L.S.N.S.W.  1889,  p.  426-8)  in  which  this  species  finds  a 
place  it  falls  on  p.  427,  BB.  (line  7)  beside  hidentatus,  from  which 
its  totally  different  puncturation  and  the  strongly  developed 
trilobed  outline  of  its  clypeus  will  at  once  distinguish  it. 

W.  Australia ;  sent  to  me  by  C.  French,  Esq. 

Heteronyx  marcidus,  sp.nov. 

Sat  elongatus  ;  postice  leviter  dilatatus;  minus  nitidus;  piceus, 

pedibus  obscure  rufescentibus,  palpis  antennisque  pallidiori- 

bus ;    subtiliter    sat    sparsim    pubescens ;    capite    confertim 

rugulose  nee  crasse,  prothorace  subtiliter  sat  confertim,  elytris 

subtiliter  confertim  subsquamose,  pygidio  sparsim  subfortiter, 

punctulatis  ;  labro  clypeum  vix  superanti ;  antennis  8-articu- 

latis ;  unguiculis  appendiculatis ;  coxis  posticis  quam  metas- 

ternum  sat  brevioribus  quam  segmentum  ventrale  secundum 

sat  longioribus.  [Long.  5,  lat.  2|  lines. 

This  species  is  exceptional  in  its  group  through  the  very  slight 

prominence  of  the  labrura,  owing  to  which  the  trilobed  appearance 

of  the  outline  of  the  head  is  very  feeble,  the  even  curve  of  the 

outline  (from  the  most  favourable  point  of  view)  being  disturbed 

only  to  the  extent  of  appearing  to  bulge  forward  into  manifestly 

greater  convexity  in  the  middle.     The  fi'ont  tibiae  are  strongly  but 

not  sharply  tridentate  externally.      The  prothorax  is  much  wider 

than  long  (as  12  to  7),  the  base  (which  is  bisinuate  but  scarcely 

lobed)  much  wider  than  the  front  (as  11  to  7),  the  sides  gently 

arched,    the   front   angles   sharp  but  little  prominent,   the    hind 

angles  roundly  obtuse  (but,  viewed  from  above,  appearing  right 

angles).     The  elytra  bear  scarcely  a  trace  of  striation.     The  apical 

piece  of  the  hind  claws  is  about  equal  in  length  to  the  basal  piece. 


286  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

This  insect  falls  in  my  Section  iii.,  Group  V.,  of  Heteronyx  {vide 
P.L.S.N.S.W.  1889,  p.  1219),  which  is  tabulated  in  P.L.S.N.S.W. 
1889,  pp.  141-145.  In  that  tabulation  it  falls  beside  nigricans  on 
page  142,  though  the  puncturation  of  its  elytra  is  a  little  more 
close  than  in  that  species,  though  markedly  less  so  than  in 
mulwalensis  and  pu7ictipennis.  From  nigricans  it  may  be  at  once 
distinguished  by  the  imperfect  trilobed  outline  of  its  head,  its 
clypeus  forming  an  even  surface  with  the  rest  of  the  liead,  &c. 
Its  nearest  ally  is  consanguineus,  Blackb.,  (P.L.S.N.S.W.  1891, 
p.  490),  from  which  it  differs  iiiter  alia  by  the  same  characters 
mentioned  above  as  distinguishing  it  from  nigricans. 

Victoria  ;  Swan  Hill. 

COEYNOPHYLLUS    METALLICOLA,   sp.nOV.   {^) 

Castaneus,  capite  prothoraceque  rufescentibus,  hoc  (exempli 
typici)  nigro-cincto  et  utrinque  macula  picea  ornato  ;  subtus 
dense  longe  fulvo-hirsutus  ;  capite  sat  crebre  (postice  sparsim) 
punctulato,  ante  oculos  transversim  carinato,  carina  media 
breviter  acute  tuberculiformi ;  prothorace  quam  longiori  (et 
postice  quam  antice)  duplo  latiori,  sparsim  subtiliter  punctu- 
lato, obsolete  canaliculato,  antice  nee  concavo  nee  tuberculato 
sed  pone  marginem  anticum  fovea  parva  punctiformi  im- 
presso ;  elytris  leviter  geminatim  punctulato  striatis,  inter- 
stitiis  fere  lisvibus ;  antennarum  flabello  sat  lato,  intus  in 
medio  subangulatim  dilatato.  [Long.  8,  lat  4?  lines. 

The  absolutely  simple  front  margin  of  the  prothorax,  which  is 
merely  bisinuate  without  any  trace  of  a  tubercle  will  distinguish 
this  species  from  all  its  previously  described  congeners. 

N.  S.  Wales ;  Broken  Hill. 

Aneurystypus  collaris,  sp.nov.  [^) 

Ferrugineus,  antennis  pallidioribus  ;  subtus  dense  longe  fulvo- 
hirsutus  ;  capite  crebre  rugulose  (^clypeo  vix  rugulose)  punc- 
tulato, ante  oculos  obsolete  carinato ;  prothorace  quam 
longiori  (et  postice  quam  antice)  paullo  plus  quam  dimidio 
latiori,   subfortiter  minus   sparsim  punctulato,  late  obsolete 


BY    THE    REV,  T.  BLACKBURN.  287 

canaliculate,    antice    nee    concavo    nee    tuberculato ;   elytris 

obscure  in^qualiter   rugulosis,    leviter   getninatim    striatis ; 

antennarnm  llabello  elongato-ovali,  quam  stipes  sat  longiori. 

[Long.  6,  lat.  31  lines. 

At   once    distinguished    from    its    two    previously    described 

congeners  by  the  front  margin  of  the  prothorax  of  the  male  not 

being  raised  into   a  tubercle  in  the  middle,  and  the  transverse 

carina  of  the  head  being  extremely  feeble.     The  flabellum  of  the 

antennae  in  the  male  is  intermediate  in  length  between  that  of 

A.  calvus,'Bla,ckh.,  and  A.  Eichardsce,  Blackb.,  being  about  once  and 

a  third  as  long  as  the  stipes.     The  puncturation  of  the  prothorax 

is   similarly  intermediate,   being  evidently   stronger  than  in   A. 

Eichardsce,  but  scarcely  so  strong  as  in  ^.  calvus.     The  elytra  are 

vei-y   evidently   more   rugulose  than  in  either  of  the  previously 

described  species.     The  prothorax  has  a  very  massive  appearance 

owing  to  its  anterior  narrowing  not  commencing  until  quite  close 

to  the  front. 

W.  Australia ;  Eyre's  Sandy  Patch, 

I 

BUPRESTID.^. 
Melobasis  vittigera,  Thoms. 
I  believe  this  to  be  merely  a  variety  of  M.  cujoreo-vittata,  Saund. 
I  have  intermediate  forms  in  my  collection. 

Melobasis  subcyanea,  sp.no v. 
Sat  convexa ;  minus  nitida ;  obscure  cyanea,  elytris  basin 
lateraque  versus  indeterminate  cupreo-purpurascentibus, 
capite  (nonnullis  exemplis)  viridescenti ;  hoc  leviter  convexo, 
crebre  subrugulose  punctulato  ;  prothorace  quam  longiori  fere 
duplo  (postice  quam  antice  circiter  tertia  parte)  latiori,  crebre 
minus  fortiter  (latera  versus  magis  crebre  rugulose)  punctulato, 
vix  manifeste  canaliculato,  lateribus  sat  arcuatis  ;  scutello  vix 
punctulato ;  elytris  ad  apicem  rotundatis,  antice  in  disco 
utrinque  gibbosis,  obscure  punctulato-striatis,  interstitiis  hie 
illic  ineequaliter  convexis,  lateribus  postice  subtiliter  denti- 
culatis  ;  coipore  subtus  crebre  punctulato,  prosterno  antice 
declivi.  [Long.  5,  lat.  2  lines. 

19 


288  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

The  uniform  dark  blue  colour  of  the  under  side  and  legs  (which 
seems  constant)  and  the  distinct  gibbosity  (like  a  round  swelling) 
on  each  elytron  a  little  behind  the  base  render  this  species  easy 
to  distinguish.  It  is  a  very  solid-looking  convex  insect.  The 
apical  ventral  segment  in  all  the  examples  T  have  seen  is  deeply 
emarginate  and  bispinose. 

S.  Australia. 

ELATERID^. 

Lacon  mansuetus,  sp.nov. 

Opacus ;  niger,  epipleuris  antice  Isete  testaceis,  antennis  pedi- 

busque  (et  nonnullis  exempli s  parte  circa  scutellum  corporisque 

subtus    parte    mediana)    rufis ;    obscure    squamosus ;    capite 

prothoraceque  crebresat  fortiter  punctulatis;  illo  subdepresso; 

hoc  obscure  inasquali  baud  distincte  canaliculate,  longitudine 

latitudini  sequali,   basi    quam   margo  anticus    duplo  latiori, 

lateribus   subtiliter    crenulatis    leviter    arcuatis    postice  vix 

sinuatis,  angulis  posticis  subacutis  retrorsum  directis  ;  elytris 

basi    singulatim   sat   fortiter    arcuatis,   quam  prothorax   vix 

latioribus  minus   quam  duplo  longioribus,   modice  convexis, 

punctulato-striatis,    sutura    et    interstitiis    alternis    elevatis, 

angulis  humeralibus  acute  rectis  ;  sulcis  tarsorum  in  prosterno 

sat  distincte  (fere  ut  L.  hrightensis,  Blackb.),  in  metasterno 

obsolete,  impressis.  [Long.  2|,  lat.  1  line. 

A  small  ordinary-looking  Lacon.     In  Dr.  Candeze's  tabulation 

of  the  genus  [Mem.  Liege  (2)  iv.]    it  would  stand  in   company 

with  carinulatus,  Cand.,  and  sculptus,  Cand.,  from  both  of  which 

its  small  size  distinguishes  it ;  it  differs  from  the  former  also  inter 

alia  by  its  5th  elytral  interstice  not  more  costiform  than  the  3rd, 

and  by  the  non-carinate  hind  angles  of  its  prothorax.     It  should 

be  noted  that  strictly  speaking  this  insect   would    not   fit    into 

Dr.   Candeze's  tabulation  at  all,  as  he  makes  no  group  in  which 

the  tarsal  furrows  of  the  metathorax  are  "  feebly  defined,"  but  I 

have  no  doubt  Dr.  Cand^ze  would  place  it  in  the  group  devoid  of 

metathoracic  farrows ;  in  this  and  several   included  in  that  group 

the  furrows  are  just  barely  traceable. 


BY    THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  289 

This  species  falls  into  the  small  group  of  Lacon  which  T 
tabulated  in  P.L.S.N.S.W.,  1891,  pp.  508  and  509.  In  that 
tabulation  it  stands  beside  L.  lacrymosus,  Cand.,  from  which  it 
differs  in  its  elytral  costte  not  being  tuberculate  behind.  It  is 
perhaps  near  L.  granulatus,  Macl.,  but  hite?-  alia  the  prothorax  of 
that  species  is  said  to  be  "  much  longer  than  its  width." 

N.  S.  Wales ;  taken  by  Mr.  Musson  near  Xarrabri. 

Lacon  squalescens,  sp.nov. 

Minus  opacus  ;  piceus,  antennis  pedibusque  ferrugineis ;  squamis 

pallide  f ulvis  sat  dense  vestitus  ;  capite  prothoraceque  fortiter 

minus  confertim  punctulatis  ;  illo  depresso  postice  sulcato  ; 

hoc    fortiter    convexo    subgibbo,    haud    canaliculato,    quam 

longiori  paullo  latiori,  postice  quam  antice  plus  quam  dimidio 

latiori,  latitudine  majori  ante  medium  posita,  lateribus  antice 

sat  rotundatis  postice  fere  parallelis  crenulatis,  angulis  anticis 

fortiter  productis  posticis  oblique  truncatis  ;  elytris  basi  fere 

rectis,  quam  prothorax  vix  latioribus  plus  quam  duplo  longi- 

oribus,  modice  convexis,  punctulato-striatis,  interstitiis  trans- 

versim    rugulosis   inter   se    sequalibus,   angulis   humeralibus 

oblique  truncatis ;  sulcis  tarsorum  in  prosterno  sat  distincte 

impressis,  in  metasterno  fere  nuUis.       [Long.  5,  lat.  li  lines. 

The  very  conspicuous   pale  fulvous  scales  clothing  the  upper 

surface,  together  with  the  shape  of  the  prothorax,  which  is  at  its 

widest  very  little  behind  the  front,  render  this  a  very  distinct 

species.     In  Dr.  Candeze's  tabulation  of  the  genus  [Mem.  Liege  (2) 

iv.]  it  falls  beside  L.  humilis,  Er.,  a  very  different  species. 

N.  Queensland ;  in  the  collection  of  C.  French,  Esq. 

Lacon  yilgarnensis,  sp.nov. 

Opacus  ;  f  usco-niger,  antennis  pedibus  coxis  et  abdominis  lateri- 
bus ferrugineis  ;  obscure  squamosus  ;  capite  prothoraceque  sat 
fortiter  minus  confertim  punctulatis ;  illo  vix  convexo ;  hoc 
sat  convexo,  postice  biimpresso,  late  leviter  canaliculato, 
transverso,  subparallelo,  apicem  summum  versus  angustato, 
basi  quam  margo  anticus  fere  duplo  latiori,  lateribus  subtiliter 


290  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  OOLEOPTERA, 

crenulatis  vix  arcuatis  postice  baud  sinuatis,  angulis  posticis 
rectis ;  elytris  basi  subrectis,  quain  prothorax  baud  latioribus 
plus  quara  duplo  longioribus,  sat  depressis,  vix  striatis, 
seriatim  punctulatis,  interstitiis  alternis  elevatis  (3*  antice 
piano),  angulis  humeralibus  subrectis  ;  sulcis  tarsovum  in 
prosterno  sat  distincte,  in  metasterno  obsolete,  impressis. 

[Long.  3|,  lat.  1|  lines. 
The  elytra  in  places  incline  to  a  reddish  tone,  which  is  probably 
variable.  In  Dr.  Candeze's  tabulation  [Mem.  Liege  (2)  iv.]  this 
species  stands  beside  L.  variabilis,  Cand.,  and  parallelus,  Cand., 
from  the  former  of  which  it  differs  inte7'  alia  by  the  strong  carina- 
tion  of  the  5th  and  7th  interstices  of  its  elytra,  and  its  more  convex 
prothorax ;  from  L.  parallelus,  Cand.,  it  differs  inter  alia  by  its 
prothorax  being  transverse. 

W.  Australia ;  Yilgarn  ;  sent  to  me  by  C.  French,  Esq. 

Glypheus  alpinus,  sp.nov. 

Elongatus ;  parallelus  ;  nitidus  ;  sparsim  villosus  ;  piceus  vel 
rufescens ;  prothorace  convexo  baud  canaliculato,  sparsim 
subtiliter  punctulato,  angulis  posticis  vix  divaricatis  acute 
carinatis ;  elytris  leviter  punctulato  striatis. 

[Long.  3^,  lat.  1  line  (vix). 

At  once  distinguished  from  the  previously  described  species  by 

its  elongate,  slender  and  parallel  form  with  the  tarsi  longer,  their 

joints  2-4  less  dilated.     The  tarsal  characters  might  perhaps  justify 

its  being  regarded  as  the  type  of  a  new  genus. 

Victoria  ;  on  the  higher  mountains  of  the  Alpine  range. 

Glyphochilus  montanus,  sp.nov. 

Sat  angustus  ;  sat  parallelus  ;  nitidus  ;  pubescens  ;  obscure 
rufo-ferrugineus,  elytris  fuscis ;  antennis  palpis  pedibusque 
testaceis ;  fronte  convexa  punctulata  ;  prothorace  latitudine 
(trans  angulos  posticos)  longitudini  sequali,  hoc  antice  angus- 
tato,  subtilius  minus  crebre  (latera  versus  magis  crebre) 
punctulato,  angulis  posticis  breviter  carinatis ;  elytris  minus 
parallelis,  punctulato-striatis,  interstitiis  leviter  rugulosis. 

[Long.  4-4 J,  lat.  1^  lines. 


BY    THE    REV.   T.   BL4.CKBURN.  291 

Like  G.  leptus,  Cancl.,  but  differently  coloured  and  not  quite  so 
narrow  and  parallel,  with  the  puncturation  of  the  prothorax  finer. 
Compared  with  G.  occidentalism  Oand.,  (which  I  have  not  seen),  it 
appears  to  differ  by  its  colour^  its  prothorax  more  narrowed 
anteriorly,  &c. 

2^.  S.  Wales  ;  Blue  Mountains. 

MONOCRRPIDIUS    INGENS,  Sp.nOV. 

Latus ;  sat  nitidus  ;  pube  tenui  vestitus ;  obscure  rufus,  pro- 
thorace  in  medio  et  ad  latera  et  prosterni  medio  nigris, 
corpore  subtns  plus  minusve  infuscato,  elytrorum  basi 
iitrinque  cocciuea ;  antennarum  articulo  4°  quam  3"*  fere 
duplo  longiori  ;  pi'othorace  quam  longiori  (maris  vix,  feminse 
sat  evidenter)  trans  angulos  posticos  latiori,  vix  in  medio 
breviter  canaliculate,  angulis  posticis  bicarinatis  vix  divari- 
catis ;  elytris  quam  prothorax  vix  latioribus,  ad  apicem 
emai'ginatis  (baud  oblique)  et  biacutis,  seriatim  punctulatis 
(puncturis  apicem  versus  gradatim  subtilioribus),  interstitiis 
antice  latis  planatis  postice  angustis  subconvexis  ;  prosterno 
in  medio  canaliculato  minus  fortiter  minus  crebre  nee  rugulose 
punctulato,  suturis  prosternalibus  arcuatis. 
Maris  antennis  prothoracis  basin  leviter  superantibus ;  pro- 
thorace  in  medio  subspai'sim  latera  versus  crebre  punctulato, 
Feminse  antennis  prothoracis  basin  haud  attingentibus ;  pro- 
thorace  toto  subsparsim  punctulato. 

[Long.  11-13,  lat.  3|-3|  lines. 
Resembles  M.  aphiloides,  Cand.,  in  build,  but  distinguished 
inter  alia  by  its  colour  and  non-rugulose  prosternum  ;  like 
M.  eruhescens,  Cand.,  in  colour,  but  distinguished  inter  alia  by  it.s 
different  shape,  arched  prosternal  sutures  and  prothorax  less 
closely  punctured  and  canaliculate  only  very  feebly  and  for  a 
short  distance  in  the  middle  of  its  length  ;  from  M.  Brucki,  Cand., 
it  differs  by  the  flanks  of  its  prothorax  not  folded  to  form  a 
gutter ;  from  all  the  other  large  Australian  Ilonocrepidii  the  well- 
defined  channel  on  the  middle  of  its  prosternum  in  front  of  the 
front  coxae  will  distinguish  it.     I  cannot  specify  any  good  character 


292  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

to  distinguish  this  species  from  M.  punctatostriatus,  Cand.,  except 
the  presence  of  very  well  defined  bright  red  spots  at  the  base  of 
the  elytra  which  seem  to  be  constant ;  M.  Candeze  particularises 
that  M.  punctatostriatus  has  "  no  red  spots  at  the  base  of  the 
elytra." 

Victoria ;  Alpine  district. 

MONOCREPIDIUS    TERR^-REGIN^,  sp.nOV. 

Minus  angustus,  postice  angustatus ;  subnitidus  ;  pube  fulva 
vestitus  ;  ferrngineus,  metasterno  elytrisque  infuscatis,  scu- 
tello  et  elytrorum  parte  antica  declivi  rufescentibus,  antennis 
(harum  articulo  S*^  quam  5"^  parum,  quam  4"®  manifesto, 
breviori)  palpis  pedibusque  testaceis ;  prothorace  confer- 
tissime  sUbaspere  punctulato  (puncturis  certo  adspectu 
strigas  longitudinales  formantibus),  postice  in  medio  canali- 
culato  antice  longitudinaliter  obsolete  carinato,  angulis 
posticis  bicarinatis,  leviter  divergentibus ;  elytris  quam 
prothorax  vix  latioribus,  ad  apicem  vix  emarginatis,  punc- 
tulato-striatis,  puncturis  in  striis  antice  sat  magnis  postice 
fere  obsoletis,  interstitiis  convexis  subtiliter  punctulatis ; 
prosterno  in  medio  sat  fortiter  vix  crebre  punctulato,  latera 
versus  sequali,  suturis  prosternalibus  sat  rectis;  pronoti  carina 
laterali  haud  in  prosternum  deflexa;  tarsorum  lamella  sat 
lata. 
Mas  (?)  latet. 

Feminfe  (?)  antennis  prothoracis  basin  nullomodo  attingentibus  ; 
prothorace  quam  trans  angulos  posticos  latiori  paullo  longiori. 

[Long.  8,  lat.  2^^^  lines. 
Not  very  near  any  described  species,  I  think ;  a  robust,  dark  red 
insect  with  the  external  carina  of  the  hind  angles  of  the  prothorax 
elongate  and  diverging  (from  the  lateral  margin)  from  the  apex  of 
the  angle  forward.  The  longitudinally  strigose  appearance  of  the 
pronotum  is  a  strong  character,  as  also  is  its  appearance  of  being 
slightly  carinate  down  the  middle  in  the  front  half. 
N.  Queensland  ;  presented  to  me  by  C.  French,  Esq. 


BY    THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  293 

MONOCREPIDIUS    PICTICOLLIS,  Sp.nOV. 

Sat  angustus;   postice   minus   angustatus;    sat   nitidus;    pube 

f ulva  vestitus ;  brunneo-ferrugineus,  elytris  basi  sanguineis, 

prothorace  antice   utrinque   macula   nigra   Isevi    subverruci- 

formi  ornato,  antennis  (harum   articulo  3"^  quam  2"^  duplo 

longiori,  quam  5"^  manifeste  quam  4"^  fere  duplo   breviori) 

palpis  pedibusque  testaceis ;   prothorace  insequaliter  punctu- 

lato,  canali    mediano  subtili  integro  sat   fortiter   impresso, 

ad   basim  utrinque  ante  scutellum   tumido,  angulis  posticis 

unicarinatis  sat  fortiter  divergentibus  ;,  elytris  quam  piothorax 

paullo   latioribus,   ad    apicem    oblique    emarginato-truncatis, 

punctulato-striatis,  puncturis  in  striis  sat  parvis  postice  sub- 

obsoletis,  interstitiis  convexis  subtiliter  granulatis;  prosterno 

in  medio   sat  fortiter  vix   crebre  punctulato,  latera  versus 

latissime  deplanatis,  suturis  prosternalibus  sat  rectis ;  pronoti 

carina  laterali  antice  sat  fortiter  (fere  in  presternum)  deflexa; 

tarsorum  lamella  sat  lata.  [Long-  §2'  ^**-  ^l  ^i"®^- 

The  large  slightly  elevated  pustule-like  shining  black  blotch  on 

either  side  of  the  middle  line  of  the  prothorax,  a  little  in  front  of 

the  middle,  renders  this  species  incapable  of  confusion  with  any  of 

its  congeners. 

N.  Queensland ;  presented  to  me  by  C.  French,  Esq. 

MONOCREPIDIUS    NARRABRENSIS,  sp.nOV. 

Sat  angustus,  sat  parallelus  ;  minus  nitidus ;  pube  fulva 
vestitus ;  obscure  brunneus,  scutello  et  elytrorum  parte 
antica  declivi  fulvis,  antennis  (harum  articulo  3°  quam 
5"^  fere  duplo  breviori)  palpis  pedibusque  testaceis;  pro- 
thorace confertim  rugulose  punctulato,  postice  canaliculato, 
angulis  posticis  bicarinatis  (carina  interna  perbrevi)  sat 
divergentibus  ;  elytris  quam  prothorax  vix  latioribus,  ad 
apicem  rotundatis,  punctulato-striatis,  interstitiis  convexis 
subtiliter  punctulatis;  prosterno  medio  sat  crebre  vix  fortiter 
punctulato  ;  pronoti  carina  laterali  antice  in  prosternum 
deflexa  sed  hand  sulcum  formanti ;  suturis  prosternalibus 
sat  rectis  ;  tarsorum  lamella  perangusta. 


294  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

Maris  (1)  an  tennis  prothoracis  basin  articulo  apicali  superanti- 
bus  ;  )>rothorace  quam  trans  angulos  posticos  latiori  vix 
longiori.  [Long.  7,  lat.  2  lines. 

This  species  is  isolated  frorti  most  of  its  Australian  congeners 
by  the  very  narrow  lamellae  of  its  tarsi.  The  structure  of  the 
lateral  margins  of  its  prothorax  is  also  unusual.  These  margins 
instead  of  being  continuously  lateral  (as  they  are  in  M.  Austra- 
lasice)  are  deflexed  near  the  front  and  pass  on  to  the  prosternum, 
but  without  forming  a  prosternal  gutter  (as  they  do  in  M.  carinatus, 
&c.) ;  nor  are  the  lateral  portions  of  the  prosternum  f  which  are 
very  closely  punctulate-strigose)  explanate,  having  only  the  very 
slight  narrow  flattening  which  is  seen  in  AI.  Australasice  and 
numerous  other  species.  These  characters,  together  with  the 
extreme  brevity  of  the  inner  carina  of  the  hind  angles  of  the 
prothorax,  the  decidedly  convex  elytral  interstices,  and  the  distinct 
(though  not  very  conspicuous)  reddish  spot  on  either  side  of  the 
scutellum  will  render  the  species  easy  to  identify.  To  a  casual 
glance  it  looks  much  like  M.  Australasice,  though  not  in  reality 
closely  allied  to  it. 

N.  S.  W. ;  taken  by  Mr.  Musson,  near  Narrabri. 

MONOCREPIDIUS    MENTITOR,  Sp.nOV, 

Minus  latus  ;  subnitidus  ;  pube  grisea  sat  dense  vestitus ; 
obscure  brunneus,  antennis  (havum  articulo  3°  quam  4"^ 
vix  bieviori)  palpis  pedibusque  testaceis,  elytris  juxta 
scutellum  utriuque  macula  rufa  plus  minusve  distincte 
ornatis  ;  prothorace  confertissime  aspere  punctulato,  longi- 
tudine  latitudini  (trans  angulos  posticos)  sequali,  canalicula 
mediana  postice  leviter  impressa,  angulis  posticis  bicarinatis 
(carinis  antrorsum  fortiter  divergentibus)  divaricatis  ;  elytris 
quam  prothorax  vix  latioribus,  ad  apicem  emarginatis  (leviter 
oblique),  punctulato-striatis,  interstitiis  sat  convexis  sub- 
aspere  (prsesertim  feminse)  crebre  punctu'.atis ;  prosterno  in 
medio  sat  fortiter  sat  crebre  uec  rugulose  punctulato  latera 
versus  deplanato,  suturis  proster-nalibus  sat  rectis  ;  tarsorum 
lamella  sat  lata. 


BY    THE    REV.   T.   BLACKBURN.  295 

Maris  antennis  prothoracis  basin  articulis  2  superantibus. 

Feminse  antennis  prothoracis  basin  vix  attingentibns. 

[Long.  6-8|,  lat.  13-2i  lines. 

This  species  may  be  at  once  distinguished  from  M.  Australasice, 
Boisd.,  inter  alia  by  the  third  joint  of  the  antennae  being  very 
much  longer,  and  the  interstices  of  the  elytral  strise  distinctly 
convex  ;  from  M.  tabidus,  Er.,  (as  described  by  its  author),  by  the 
base  of  its  elytra  being  red  ;  from  31.  tabidus  (as  described  by  M. 
Candeze)  by  the  front  margin  of  its  clypeus  being  quite  strongly 
rounded  and  the  mesosternum  not  showing  the  characters 
described ;  from  M.  Eveillardi  (at  least  in  the  male)  by  the  3rd 
joint  of  the  antennae  being  scarcely  shorter  than  the  4th  and  not 
at  all  shorter  than  the  5th,  and  by  the  excessively  close  asperate 
punctui'ation  of  the  prothorax  (this  character  also  distinguishing 
it  from  M.  Australasice)  ;  from  erubescens,  Cant).,  by  the  absence 
of  a  well-defined  prothoracic  channel ;  it  is  superfluous  to  point 
out  the  differences  from  the  other  species  having  the  elytra  red  at 
the  base. 

Victoria ;  Alpine  district. 

MoNOCREPiDius  Olliffi,  sp.nov. 

Sat  .angustus ;  sat  parallelus  ;  minus  nitidus ;  pube  fulva 
vestitus  ;  brunneo-piceus,  scutello  rufescenti,  jiixta  hoc 
linea  brevi  utrinque  coccinea,  antennis  (harum  articulo  3° 
quam  2"^  plus  quam  duplo  longiori,  quam  5"^  vix  breviori) 
palpis  pedibusque  testaceis  ;  prothorace  confertim  minus  for- 
titer  punctulato  postice  canaliculato,  angulis  posticis  bicari- 
natis  vix  divergentibus,  carinis  antrorsum  subparallelis  ; 
elytris  quam  prothorax  vix  latioribus,  ad  apicem  oblique 
leviter  truncatis  vel  emai-ginatis,  punctulato-striatis,  inter- 
stitiis  vix  convexis  confertim  punctulatis  ;  prosterno  medio 
sat  crebre  vix  fortiter  punctulato,  hoc  ad  latera  deplauato 
suturis  prosternalibns  rectis ;  tarsorum  lamella  sat  lata. 

Maris  antennis  prothoracis  basin  leviter  superanti  ;  prothorace 
quam  trans  angulos  posticos  latiori  longiori. 


296  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

Feminae  antennis  prothoracis  basin  haud  attingenti  ;  prothorace 
quam  longiori  nonnihil  latiori.  [Long.  Gg-T,  lat.  I5-2  lines. 

The  well-defined  bright  red  line  on  either  side  of  the  scutellum 
if  constant  (I  have  seen  only  two  examples,  so  cannot  feel  confident 
on  the  point)  renders  this  species  easily  recognisable.  If  it  be 
liable  to  pass  into  a  red  spot  like  that  of  M.  Australasim  the 
species  may  be  distinguished  from  the  others  having  a  red  elytral 
basal  spot  by  the  wide  flattened  or  slightly  concave  lateral  margin 
of  the  flanks  of  the  prothorax,  which  however  is  very  difierent 
from  the  gutter  formed  in  some  species  (e.g.  M,  carinatus,  Cand.) 
by  the  folding  under  of  the  margins  of  the  pronotum  ;  this  structure 
which  may  perhaps  be  best  described  as  the  lateral  margins  of  the 
prosternum  being  explanate  is  scarcely  traceable  in  M.  Australasice, 
Boisd.,  but  in  the  present  insect  is  very  strongly  defined.  The 
lateral  portions  of  the  prosternum  are  much  more  finely  and 
closely  punctulate  than  the  middle  piece.  If  the  red  mark  at  the 
base  of  the  elytra  is  liable  to  be  altogether  wanting  this  species 
may  be  distinguished  by  the  above-mentioned  prosternal  structure 
in  combination  with  the  elongate  3rd  joint  of  the  antennae,  the 
reddish  scutellum,  and  the  hind  angles  of  the  prothorax  scarcely 
divergent,  from  all  its  congeners  having  unicolorous  elytra  and 
wide  tarsal  lamellae. 

N.  S.  Wales ;  Blue  Mountains. 

JEOLVS    QUEENSLANDICUS,  Sp.nOV. 

Minus  nitidus  ;  pubescens ;  piceus,  prothoracis  angulis  posticis 

elytrorum  vitta  lata  antennis  coxis  pedibusque  ferrugineis ; 

capite    convexo    sat    crebre    punctulato;    prothorace    quam 

longiori  parum  latiori,  confertim  subtilius  punctulato,  haud 

canaliculato,  angulis  posticis  brevibus  apice  penicillatis  haud 

carinatis,  carinis  lateralibus  autice  in  prosternum  deflexis ; 

elytris  punctulato-striatis,  interstitiis  crebre  minus  subtiliter 

punctulatis.  [Long.  2,  lat.  f  line. 

This  little  species  must  be  referred  to  J^olus,  I  think,  on  account 

of  the  4th  joint  of  its  tarsi  being  dilated  and  produced  beneath 

the  5th  joint,  but  without  forming  a  distinct  lamella,  while  the 


BY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  297 

front  margin  of  its  clypeus  is  distinctly  carinate  and  very  evidently 
(almost  widely)  reflexed  ;  the  structure  of  the  hind  angles  of  its 
prothorax  places  it  in  Dr.  Candeze's  "third  section"  of  the  genus, 
of  which  no  Australian  species  has  hitherto  been  described.  The 
flanks  of  the  presternum  are  punctured  much  more  strongly  than 
the  median  part. 

N.  Queensland  ;  sent  to  me  by  Mr.  French. 

ELATER. 

The  little  species  described  below  has  not  altogether  the  facies 
of  this  genus,  but  its  structure  seems  to  place  it  here.  The  front 
of  the  clypeus  presents  a  clearly  defined  continuous  raised  border  j 
the  tai'si  are  quite  simple  and  filiform  ;  the  prosternal  sutures  are 
straight  and  in  front  excavated  ;  the  mesosternum  is  declivous ; 
the  hind  coxse  are  those  of  a  typical  Elater  except  that  the  external 
hind  angle  of  their  dilated  portion  is  very  feeble.  In  the  last  of 
these  characters  this  species  resembles  E.  perplexus,  Cand. 

•  Elater  wentworthensis,  sp.nov. 

Pallide  brunneo-testaceus,  capite  prothoraceque  obscurioribus 
metasterno  abdomineque  rufescentibus  latera  versus  plus 
minusve  infuscatis,  elytris  mox  pone  medium  macula  obscura 
fusca  ornatis ;  pube  pallide  fulva  vestitus  ;  capite  sat  fortiter 
subci-ebre,  prothorace  subtiliter  minus  crebre,  punctulatis;  hoc 
subparallelo  antice  parum  angustato,  haud  canaliculato, 
angulis  posticis  vix  divergentibus  carina  sat  elongata  mox 
intra  marginem  lateralem  instructis ;  elytris  striatis,  inter- 
stitiis  subplanis  leviter  sat  crebre  vix  subtiliter  punctulatis. 
(J  prothorace  quam  latiori  paullo  longiori. 

9  prothorace  quam  longiori  paullo  latiori.  [Long,  lt-2 1,1a 1. 1  line. 
The  minute  size  and  general  appearance  of  this  insect — its  pale 
brownish  testaceous  colour,  with  the  head  and  prothorax  reddish, 
and  a  distinct  (but  not  very  strongly  defined)  fuscous  spot  on  each 
of  the  elytra  immediately  behind  the  middle — render  it  very 
distinct  from  any  previously  described  Australian  Elaterid. 
N.  S.  Wales ;  near  Wentworth  Falls. 


298  NOTES  ox  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA, 

xMALACODERMID.E. 
Macrohelodes,  gen.nov. 
Helodi  affinis  sed   major,  integumentis  magis  solidis,   corpore 
supra  glabro,  elytrorum  epipleuris  sat  latis  integris,  palporum 
labialium  articulo  apicali  ad  prsecedentis  apicem  adfixo. 
The  type  of  this  genus  is  an  insect  which  I  described  as  Helodes 
princeps  (P.L.S.N.  S.W.  1891,  p.  517),  remarking  on  its  being  only 
doubtfully  referable  to  Helodes,  but  as  I  had  only  a  single  example 
I  thought  it  better  not  to  propose  a  new  generic  name.     Since  I 
described  it  I  have  had  the  good  fortune  to  capture  six  specimens 
evidently    congeneric    with    it,    and     representing    four    distinct 
species.     These  insects  occur  in  very  marshy  places  on  the  higher 
mountains   and  are  found  clinging  to  the  stems  of  rushes,  &c., 
generally  implanted  in  water.     The  readiness  of  the  specimens  to 
drop  and  the  necessity  usually   to  go  into  the  water  after  them 
render  them  difficult  to  secure.      They  are   quite  distinct  from 
Helodes,  though  undoubtedly  allied  to  it.     I  have  failed  to  discoA^er 
sexual  differences  among  the  specimens  before  me. 

Macrohelodes  lucidus,  sp.nov. 

Late  ovalis  ;  convexus  ;  nitidissi«ius  ;  supra  glaber  ;  subtus  sat 
dense  breviter  sericeo-pubescens ;  supra  niger,  elytrorum 
sutura  anguste  rufescenti ;  subtus  rufo-piceis,  antennarum 
basi  pedibusque  concoloribus ;  capite  subtiliter  sat  crebre, 
prothorace  subtiliter  sparsim,  punctulatis  ;  elytris  fere  l?evi- 
bus ;  antennarum  articulis  2°  3°que  conjunctis  quam  4"*  vix 
brevioribus ;  cetera  ut  M.  jyvinceps,  Blackb. 

[Long.  4,  lat.  '2\  lines. 

N.  S.  Wales ;  Blue  Mountains. 

Macrohelodes  crassus,  sp.nov. 
Late  ovalis  ;  convexus  ;  nitidus  ;  supra  glaber  ;  subtus  sat  dense 
breviter  sex'iceo-pubescens ;  niger,  prothorace  (hoc  indeter- 
minate nigro-plagiato)  elytris  (horum  sutura,  et  maculis 
ternis  discoidalibus  longitudinalLter  positis,  nigris)  tibiis 
tarsorum  articulis  1°  5°que,  antennarumque  articulis  2°  3*^ 


BY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  299 

que,  rufis ;  capite  (hoc  inter  oculos  biimpresso)  confertim 
minus  snbtiliter,  prothorace  sparsius  subtiliter,  elytris  crasse 
sat  crebre,  punctulatis ;  antenuaium  articulis  2°  3°que  con- 
junctis  quam  4"^  vix  brevioribus.  [Long.  3?,  lat.  2  lines. 

N.  S.  Wales  ;  Blue  Mountains. 

Macrohelodes  intricatus,  sp.no v. 
Ov^alis,  fere  ab  elytrorum  basi  retrorsum  angustatus  ;  convexus  ; 
nitidus,  supra  glaber ;  subtus  sat  dense  breviter  sericeo- 
pubescens  ;  supra  pallide  iuteus,  capite  prothoraceque  (hoc  ad 
latera  albo-luteo-marginato  et,  nonnullis  exemplis,  indetermi- 
nate fusco-maculato)  rubris,  elytris  antice  et  (ante  medium)  ad 
latera  fere  albidis  et  ubique  plus  minus  crebre  nigro-irroratis  ; 
scutello  fusco ;  subtus  obscure  luteo-brunneus,  pedibus 
(tai'sorum  articulis  3°  4°que  nigris)  antennisque  (harum 
articulis  4-7  ad  apicem,  8-11  totis,  nigris)  rufis;  cetera  ut 
M.  crassus.  [Long.  4,  lat.  2  lines. 

In  spite  of  very  great  differences  in  colour  and  markings  and  a 
considerable  difference  in  shape  (this  species  being  more  narrowed 
hindward),  I  think  it  possible  that  tliis  may  be  a  variety  of  the 
preceding,  from  which  it  scarcely  differs  in  respect  of  the  punc- 
turation  of  its  several  parts. 
N.  S.  Wales  ;  Blue  Mountains. 

Macrohelodes  gravis,  sp.nov. 
Latissimus,  fere  ab  elytrorum  basi  retrorsum  angustatus;  minus 
convexus ;  nitidus  ;  supra  glaber ;  subtus  sat  dense  breviter 
sericeo-pubescens  ;  totus  rufus ;  capite  (hoc  inter  oculos  pro- 
funde  biimpresso)  subtiliter  vix  crebre,  prothorace  sparsim 
subtiliter  (fere  obsolete),  elytris  (his  obsolete  3-costatis) 
fortiter  sat  crebre,  punctulatis  ;  antennarum  articulis  2°  3'"' 
que  conjunctis  quam  4"^  manifesto  brevioribus. 

[Long.  41,  lat.  2?  lines. 
The  elytra  in  this  species  are  evidently  less  coarsely  punctured 
than  those  of  the  preceding  two,  and  the  head  is  considerably  more 
finely  punctured. 

N.  S.  Wales  ;  Blue  Mountains. 


300  NOTES  ON  AUSTRALIAN  COLEOPTERA. 

Helodes  (Cyphon)  fenestratus,  sp.nov. 
Ovalis ;  sat  convexus ;  pubescens ;  fusco-piceus,  antennarum 
basi  tibiis  tarsisque  rnfescentibus,  elytris  fascia  communi 
arcuata  ad  latera  abbreviata  mox  ante  medium  posita  fulva 
ornatis ;  capite  prothoraceque  crebre  subtiliter  punctulatis ; 
hoc  perbrevi  valde  transverse,  angulis  posticis  obtusis  ;  elytris 
subfortiter  minus  crebre  punctulatis,  puncturis  apicem  versus 
gradatim  subtilioribus  ;  antennarum  articulis  2°  3°que  con- 
junctis  (hoc  quam  ille  multo  minore)  sat  brevioribus. 

[Long.  1|,  lat.  I  line. 
Resembles  H.  pictus,  Blackb.,  in  shape,  but  is  evidently  and 
uniformly  smaller,  with  the  elytra  a  little  more  tinely  punctulate. 
The  uniform  fuscous  colour  of  the  upper  surface  interrupted  only 
by  a  fulvous  arched  fascia  crossing  the  elytra  immediately  in  front 
of  the  middle  and  not  nearly  reaching  the  lateral  margins  renders 
this  a  very  distinct  species.  The  antennae  also  are  exceptionally 
dark.  I  hesitate  to  refer  to  this  species  an  example  (also  from 
N.  S.  Wales)  in  which  the  fulvous  mark  is  wanting  and  the  punc- 
turation  seems  a  trifle  coarser,  but  it  is  quite  possible  it  may  be  a 
variety.  The  examination  of  more  specimens  would  be  necessary 
to  determine  it. 

N.  S.  Wales ;  Blue  Mountains. 

PTINID^. 
DiPLOcoTES  NIGER,  v.  de  PoU.  (Notes,  Leyd.  Mus.  1886,  p.  238). 

There  seems  to  be  little  doubt  that  this  is  identical  with 
Diphohia  familiaris,  OUiff,  published  in  the  P.L.S.N.S.W.,  same 
year  (1886).     I  am  uncertain  which  name  takes  the  precedence. 

TENEBRIONID^. 

Licinoma  pallipes,  Blackb. 

In  describing  this  species  (P.L.S.N.S.W.,  1891,  p.  542)  I 
accidentally  omitted  to  mention  its  habitat,  which  is  the  Victorian 
Alps. 


301 


NOTE  ON  A  NEW  DECAPODOUS  CRUSTACEAN, 
PROSOPON  ETHERIDGEI,  H.  Woodw.,  FROM 
THE   CRETACEOUS   OF   QUEENSLAND. 

By  Henry  Woodward,  LL.D.,  F.R.S.  (of  the  British 
Museum,  London), 

Communicated,  with  a  Note  on  the  same,  by  R.  Etheridge,  Junr. 
(Plate  iv.) 

Having  been  desired  by  my  friend  Mr,  Robert  Etheridge,  Junr., 
of  the  Australian  Museum,  Sydney,  to  compare  the  drawing 
of  the  carapace  of  a  new  crustacean,  from  the  Cretaceous 
beds  of  Queensland,  I  have  much  pleasure  in  stating  the  result 
of  my  examination  of  the  figure  of  this  interesting  form. 
There  is  no  recent  crab  with  which  I  am  acquainted  sufficiently 
like  the  Queensland  fossil  to  institute  a  satisfactory  comparison, 
unless  the  recent  genera  Dorippe  and  Homola  may  serve  the 
purpose ;  but  there  are  several  fossil  forms  so  closely  resembling 
it  as  to  leave  no  doubt  in  my  mind  in  referring  it  to  the 
Prosopoidea*  of  Reuss  and  to  the  genus  Prosopo7ii  of  Von  Meyer, 

The  forms  which  most  closely  resemble  the  Australian  crab  are 
the  Prosopon  verrucosum,  Reuss  {Op.  cit.,  p,  21,  taf.  iv.  fig.  31), 
from  the  Neocomian  of  Boucherans  in  the  Department  of  the 
Jura;  Prosopon  aculeatum,  Meyer  (Palaeontographica,  1860,  taf. 
xxiii,  fig.  24);  P.  ornatum,  Meyer  (Op.  cit.  figs.  25,  26);  P.  Heydeni, 

*  Prof.  Dr.  August  Reuss,  Zur  Kenntniss  fossiler  Krabben :  Denkschrift, 
der  Math.  Naturwiss.  Classe  der  k.  k.  Akademie  der  Wissenschaften, 
XVII.  Band,  12  Nov.  1857.     Wien  1859  (24  plates  &  pp.  90,  4to). 

t  H.  von  Meyer,  Jarhbuch  flir  Mineralogie,  1835,  p.  329.  Neue  Gattungen 
fossiler  Krebse,  aus  gebilden  vom  Biinter  Sandstem  bis  in  die  Kreide, 
Taf.  I-IV.  pp.  28.  Stuttgart  1840,  4to.  Palaeontographica,  Deer.  1860. 
Bd,  VII.  Th.  4,  pp.  183-222,  Taf.  xxii 


302        NOTE    ON    A    DECAPODOUS    CRUSTACEAN    FROM    QUEENSLAND, 

Meyer  {Oj).  cit.,  figs.  27  and  28) ;  P.  aeqmcm,  Meyer  (Op.  cit.,  fig.  29) ; 
P.  torosum,  Meyer  (0^?.  cit.,  fig.  30)  ;  P.  imradoxum,  Meyer  {Op.  cit., 
fig.  31)  ;  and  P.  tuberosum,  Meyer  [O]).  cit.,  fig.  33).  With  the 
exception  of  the  last-named  species,  which  is  from  Boucherans, 
these  are  all  from  the  White  Jura  of  the  Oerlinger  Thai,  in 
WiirtemVjurg. 

I  have  also  figured  and  described  a  species  belonging  to  the 
genus  Prosopon  (P.  mammillatum,  H.  Woodw.),  from  the  Great 
Oolite  of  Stonesfield,  near  Oxford  (see  Geol.  Mag.,  1868,  Vol.  v. 
pi.  I.  fig.  2,  pp.  3-5).  In  noticing  this  species  I  have  endeavoured  to 
analyse  the  series  of  twenty-nine  species  of  Prosopon  described  by 
H.  von  Meyer  in  the  Palaeontographica,  1860,  and  have  pointed  out 
that  certain  of  these  forms  do  not  belong  to  the  genus  Prosopon, 
but  should  be  relegated  to  the  Pinnotheridce  under  the  genus 
Plagioplithalmus  of  Bell*  Into  this  genus  should  be  removed  all 
those  forms  at  present  included  under  the  genus  Pi'osopon,  which 
have  "  an  evenly  egg-shaped  carapace  with  the  front  slightly 
produced  and  bent  downwards,  the  surface  nearly  smooth,  and 
marked  by  two  shallow  transverse  furrows,  nearly  parallel  to 
each ,  other,  the  orbits  very  small,  elongate-oval,  aud  placed 
obliquely  within  the  margin,  appearing  as  if  pierced  in  the 
substance  of  the  carapace."     (Bell,  Oj).  cit.  p.  9.) 

Plagiojjhthalmus,  Bell,  would  thus  probably  include  within  it 
the  following  species  of  H.  von  Meyer's  genus  Prosopon,  namely, 
Prosopon  hebes,  P.  simplex,  P.  rostratutn,  P.  spinosum,  P. 
elongatuvi,  P.  depressum,  P.  obtusum,  P.  stotzinyense,  P.  sublceve, 
P.  Iceve,  P.  punctatum.f  The  following  are  doubtful  :  P.  insigne, 
P.  cequilatum,  P.  marginatum,  P.  grande,  P.  excisum,  and  P. 
liyigulatum.  They  all  occur  merely  as  small  detached  carapaces 
without    appendages,    and  the    underside    of    the    fossil    usually 

*  See  Pi-of.  Bell's  Monograph  on  the  Fossil  Malacostracous  Crustacea 
from  the  Gault  and  Greensand  (Palaeontographica!  Society's  Vol.  xiv.  for 
1860),  Part  ii.  p.  9,  pi.  ii. 

1 1  now  retain  Prosopon  tuherosum,  fomierly  excluded  by  me. 


BY    HENRY    WOODWARD.  303 

adheres  firmly  to  the  matrix,  and  is  therefore  seldom  to  be  seen 
or  studied. 

The  new  form,  from  the  Cretaceous  beds  of  Queensland,  may 
be  thus  described  : — 

Carapace,  or  cephalothorax — general  form  oval,  truncated 
behind;  the  cephalic,  gastric,  hepatic  and  cardiac  regions  covered 
with  smooth  wart-like  excrescences ;  the  branchial  regions 
"  quadrant  "-shaped  and  tuberculated ;  the  branchial  furrow, 
separating  the  hepatic,  cardiac,  and  branchial  regions,  strongly 
marked  ;  the  nuchal  furrow,  separating  the  frontal  and  orbital 
regions  from  the  hepatic,  is  less  marked.  Length  along  the 
median  line  of  the  carapace,  40  millimetres ;  greatest  breadth  of 
carapace,  35  ram.  ;  breadth  of  posterior  border,  28  mm. 

The  frontal,  or  cephalic  portion  of  the  carapace  is  rounded,  and 
but  very  slightly  prominent,  and  is  marked  by  two  smooth, 
sub-central,  elongated,  wart-like  prominences  on  the  median  line, 
their  extremities  forming  the  obtuse  rostrum,  and  flanked  by 
three  or  four  smaller  rounded  tubercles  irregularly  disposed  over 
the  orbital  region.  The  orbits  are  not  distinctly  marked. 
Immediately  behind  the  frontal  (rostral)  swellings,  are  four 
smooth,  elongated,  rounded,  sub-central  prominences,  upon  the 
epigastric  region,  the  two  inner  ones  being  narrow  and  ridge-like, 
with  their  longer  axes  parallel  to  the  median  line,  and  the  two 
outer  ones  lying  parallel  to  them,  but  larger  and  more  oval  in 
outline  ;  behind  these  again  and  marking  the  median  line,  and  the 
centre  of  the  gastric  region,  is  a  single,  small,  smooth,  rounded 
tubercle,  flanked  by  two  sub-central,  transversely-elongated,  some- 
what elliptical  prominences  (like  eyes),  each  having  a  small 
tubercle  upon  its  summit ;  these  are  followed  by  two  other  similar 
sub-median,  transversely-elongated  prominences,  widest  next  the 
median  line,  each  (like  the  preceding  pair)  bearing  an  eye-like 
tubercle  on  its  centre.  The  gastric  region  is  bounded  behind  by  a 
narrow,  transversely-elongated,  crescent-shaped  prominence,  the 
horns  of  which  are  directed  slightly  forward  and  bearing  a  single 
tubercle  upon  its  centre.  The  hepatic  region  is  marked  by  one 
20 


304       NOTE    ON    A    DECAPODOUS   CRUSTACEAN   FROM    QUEENSLAND, 

large  oval  prominence  projecting  on  either  side  upon  the  hepatic 
border,  and  three  lesser  wart-like  elevations  on  the  left  side,  and 
two  rather  larger  ones  on  the  right  side,  which  skirt  the  branchial 
furrow.  The  cardiac  region  occupies  the  median  line  between  the 
two  large  branchial  lobes,  and  is  marked  by  a  lai*ge  peg-top-shaped 
swelling,  having  the  slender  point  directed  towards  the  posterior 
border  and  separated  by  a  deep  clear-cut  furrow  from  the 
branchial,  hepatic,  and  gastric  regions.  The  branchial  regions  are 
roughly  quadrant-shaped,  having  the  arc  of  the  quadrant  directed 
forward  and  inward  towards  the  median  line  and  the  cardiac 
region  ;  the  sides  and  surface  are  somewhat  inflated,  and  the 
posterior  border  is  straight  and  marked  by  the  line  of  articulation 
with  the  abdomen,  which  by  its  great  breadth  indicates  that  the 
individual  was  a  female.  The  branchial  region  of  the  carapace  is 
covered  with  small  rounded  pustules  or  tubercles,  evenly 
distributed  over  the  surface.  There  is  a  trace  on  the  matrix 
behind  the  carapace,  which  indicates  the  remains  of  the  abdomen. 

Affinities  and  Differences. — This  Queensland  crustacean  carapace 
offers  points  of  close  affinity  with  Prosopon  verrucosum,  Reuss, 
and  P.  tuberosum,  Von  Meyer,  both  Neocomian  species  from  the 
Cretaceous  of  Boucherans,  Dept.  Jura.  It  differs  from  both  these 
forms  in  its  more  rounded  contour,  its  more  prominent  branchial 
regions,  as  well  as  in  the  general  and  well-marked  distinctive 
arrangement  of  the  lobes  marking  the  several  regions  of  the 
carapace. 

There  can,  however,  be  no  doubt  that  there  is  a  relationship 
between  these  forms  and  the  genus  Dromilites  of  the  London 
Clay  ;  we  must,  however,  wait  for  information  as  to  the  appendages 
before  venturing  to  say  more.  Meantime,  I  dedicate  tliis  Queens- 
land fossil  to  my  old  friend  and  colleague,  Robert  Etheridge,  Junr., 
naming  it  Prosopon  Etherldgei  in  compliment  to  one  who  has 
contributed  so  much  to  our  knowledge  of  the  Palaeontology  of 
Australia. 


BY    HENRY    WOODWARD.  305 

APPENDIX. 

Note  on  Queensland  Cretaceous  Crustacea. 
By  R.  Etheridge,  Junr. 

No  Crustacean  has  been  described  from  the  Queensland 
Cretaceous  rocks  up  to  the  present  time,  but  I  am  in  the  tem- 
porary possession  of  another  specimen  from  the  Queensland 
Museum  collection,  in  addition  to  the  present  species,  through 
the  kindness  of  the  Curator,  Mr.  C.  W.  De  Vis,  M.A.  This 
will  be  further  referred  to. 

Prosopon  Etheridgei,  H.  Woodw.,  was  presented  to  the  Queens- 
land Museum  by  Mr.  H.  St.  George,  and  although  without  precise 
locality,  its  general  appearance  and  mode  of  preservation  is  so 
manifestly  that  of  the  large  Inocerami  from  the  Flinders  River, 
that  I  think  the  specimen  may  be  said,  without  much  doubt,  to 
come  from  somewhere  in  the  Central  Queensland  Cretaceous  area. 
It  is  on  the  weathered  surface  of  a  concretionary  buff-coloured 
nodule  of  limestone.  It  will  therefore  appertain  to  the  Lower 
Series  of  the  Queensland  Cretaceous,  or  the  "  Rolling  Downs 
Series." 

The  second  specimen  appears  to  be  a  portion  of  one  of  the  large 
chelse  of  a  Macrourus  Decapod,  and  is  preserved  in  a  blue-grey 
concretionary  limestone,  much  resembling  that  of  the  Walsh  River 
District,  and  therefore  from  the  same  division  of  the  Cretaceous 
as  P.  Etheridgei.  I  have  not  yet  succeeded  in  determining  this 
fossil,  but  it  seems  to  accord  better  with  the  structure  of  the 
family  Astacomorpha,  or  that  of  the  Thalassinidse,  than  with  that 
of  any  others. 

The  first  Cretaceous  Crustacean  found  in  Australia  was  by  Mr, 
Norman  Taylor,  who  acted  as  Geologist  to  W.  Hann's  North 
Queensland  Exploring  Expedition  in  1872.  The  fossil  comes  from 
the  Mitchell  River,  and  is  perhaps  identical  with  one  thus  referred 


306   NOTE  ON  A  DECAPODODS  CRUSTACEAN  FROM  QUEENSLAND. 

to  by  Mr.  Taylor  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  R.  L.  Jack,  Government 
Geologist  for  Queensland.  He  says : — "  In  a  creek,  a  short 
distance  to  the  north-east  of  camp  81  (return  journey),  there 
occur  large  quantities  of  ironstone  nodules,  in  one  of  which  I 
discovered  a  fine  and  very  perfect  Crustacean,  which,  however, 
appears  to  have  been  lost,  as  it  was  not  noticed  by  Mr.  Etheridge, 
Senr.,  when  describing  the  collection."*  Had  it  not  been  the 
mention  of  the  ironstone  nodule,  I  should  have  concluded  that  this 
second  specimen  in  the  Queensland  Museum  was  Mr.  Taylor's 
long  lost  fossil,  and  it  may  even  yet  prove  to  be  so.  In  a  letter 
recently  received  from  that  gentleman  he  remarks  that  it  was  an 
"  imperfect  body  and  claw,  like  a  lobster,  but  small  and  very  little 
bigger  than  a  large  prawn,"  which  is  certainly  rather  the  appear- 
ance of  the  specimen.  At  any  rate,  there  now  remains  the  obvious 
fact  that  representatives  of  both  the  Brachyura  and  Macrura 
existed  in  the  Queensland  Cretaceous  seas. 

*  i.e.,  the  Daintree  collection.     See  Geol.  and  Pal.  Queensland  and  New 
Guinea,  by  R.  L.  Jack  and  E.  Etheridge,  junr.,  in  lit.  p.  391. 


307 


ON    LEAIA    MITCHELLI,    Etheridge,    fil.,    FROM    THE 

UPPER   COAL   MEASURES    OF   THE 

NEWCASTLE   DISTRICT. 

By  R.  Etheridge,  Junr. 

(palieontologist  to  the  australian  museum,  and  geological 
Survey  op  N.  S.  Wales.) 

At  the  present  time  but  one  fossil  genus  of  Phyllopocla  is  known 
from  the  whole  of  Australia,  viz.,  Estheria,  comprising  two  species. 
The  first  discovered  was  Estheria  Goghlani,  Cox,  from  the  Estheria 
Shales,  above  the  productive  Upper  Coal  Measures,  obtained  from 


several  bores  in  the  Sydney  District.  The  second  species  was 
collected  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Simmonds,  of  Brisbane,  in  the  Ipswich 
Coal  Measures,  and  communicated  by  him  to  the  writer.  It  does 
not  appear  to  differ  from  Estheria  mangaliensis,  Jones,*  of  the 
Damuda  beds  of  Central  India. 

It  has  often  been  a  matter  of  conjecture  to  the  writer  and 
several  geological  friends  how  to  account  for  the  absence,  under 
such  favourable  conditions,  of  Estherice,  from  the  vast  accumula- 
tions of  estuarjne  and  swamp  deposits  represented  by  our  Upper 

*  Mod.  Foss.  Estheriaj  (Pal.  Soc),  1862,  p.  78,  pi.  ii.  f.  16-23. 


308  ON    LEAIA    MITCHELLI, 

Coal  Measures.  This  hiatus  has  now  been  filled  by  Mr.  Mitchell's 
discovery  at  Charlestown,  between  Newcastle  and  Lake  Macquarie, 
of  a  Leaia,  one  of  the  most  interesting  genera  of  extinct  Phyllopoda. 
As  a  slight  mark  of  appreciation  of  my  friend's  persevering  efforts 
in  assisting  to  unravel  the  Paljeontology  of  N.  S.  Wales,  I  beg  to 
name  the  fossil  Leaia  Mitchelli. 

There  are  at  present  known  eight  forms  of  Leaia,  species  or 
varieties,*  as  the  case  may  be,  extending  from  the  Old  Red  Sand- 
stone to  the  Permian  in  Geological  time,  with  which  the  new 
form  will  be  compared. 

Leaia  Mitchelli  possesses  transversely  oblong  carapace  valves, 
and  as  usual  a  more  or  less  straight  dorsal  margin,  angular  at  the 
posterior  end,  but  the  anterior  and  ventral  margins  rounded. 
The  lateral  carinse,  two  in  number  on  each  valve,  increase  in 
thickness  as  the  umbones  are  receded  from,  the  anterior  being 
slightly  curved,  the  posterior  straight  and  diagonal,  and  sepa- 
rating the  valves  into  two  unequal  moieties.  The  concentric 
laminae  resemble  those  of  other  species. 

The  type  species,  L.  Leidyi,  Lea,  sp.,t  is  easily  distinguished 
from  our  form  by  its  remarkably  oblong-i'ectangular  outline  and 
very  scanty  coarse  concentric  laminse,  the  direct  anterior  carinse, 
and  the  sweep  of  the  posterior  ridges.  The  same  remarks  practi- 
cally apply  to  the  var.  Williamsoniana,  Jones,  |  from  the  Upper 
Coal  Measures  of  Manchester  (Eng.). 

The  second  variety  of  the  type  species,  var.  Salteriana,  Jones,§ 
is  more  akin  to  L.  Mitchelli,  but  the  much  shorter,  wider  and 
more  robust  appearance  of  the  former,  and  the  emarginate 
posterior  end  of  the  latter  separate  the  two.  Var.  Salter iana 
occurs  in  the  Calciferous  Sandstone  Series  of  Fifeshire  (Scot.). 

The  Coal  Measures  of  Saarbrilck,  North  Germany,  have  yielded 
a  Leaia,  known  as  L.  klieveriana,  Goldenberg,  in  which  there  is  a 

*See  Etheridge,  junr.,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  1879,  iii.  (5),  p.  262;  Etheridge, 

Woodward,  and  Jones,  Brit.  Assoc.  Report  for  1887  [1888],  Pt.  1,  p.  66. 

t  Jones,  Mon.  Foss.  Estheria3  (Pal.  See),  1862,  t.  5,  f.  11  and  12. 

t  Loc.  cit.,  t.  1,  f.  19  and  20. 

§  Jones,  loc.  cit.,  t.  1,  f.  20. 


BY    R.   ETHERIDGE,  JUNE.  309 

third  carina  on  each  valve,  iutermediate  between  the  anterior  and 
posterior.  It  is  much  shorter  than  these,  reaching  across  only 
about  one-third  of  the  valves'  width.  It  is  obvious  that  the 
Newcastle  species  could  not  be  referred  to  L.  klieveriana. 

Leaia  Jonesi,  mihi,*  is  another  species  from  the  Scotch  Calcif erous 
Sandstone  Series,  but  here  the  diagonal  carina  is  entirely  absent 
from  both  valves ;  and  it  is  thus  equally  obvious  that  no  specific 
relation  can  exist  between  it  and  L.  Mitchelli.  The  valves  of  L. 
Jonesi  are  thus  divided  into  two  very  unequal  portions. 

In  the  Coal  Measures  of  Illinois,  a  peculiar  species  is  met  with, 
named  by  Messrs.  Meek  and  Worthen,  L.  tricarinata.j  In  general 
outline  it  is  not  dissimilar  to  the  Australian  form,  but  like  L. 
klieveriana  it  possesses  a  third  carina.  This,  however,  is  obliquely 
placed  immediately  under  the  dorsal  margin,  and  when  the  united 
valves  are  viewed  in  apposition  from  above,  the  dorsal  margin  of 
each  valve  is  seen  to  be  inflected  "  at  right  angles  to  the  plane  of 
the  valves,  so  as  to  form  a  distinct  lanceolate  corselet."  Now,  in 
all  the  examples  of  L.  Mitchelli  I  have  seen,  there  is  no  trace  of 
this  third  keel. 

The  remaining  species  of  Leaia,  L.  loettinensis,  Lespeyres,  from 
the  Coal  Measures  of  Wettin,  and  L.  hcentschiana,  Geinitz,  from 
the  German  Lower  Permian,  I  am  not  able  to  refer  to,  from  the 
absence  of  the  necessary  literature,  but  full  references  will  be 
found  to  them  in  my  previously  quoted  paper,  J  and  the  "  Fifth 
Report  of  the  British  Association  Committee  on  the  Fossil 
Phyllopoda  of  the  Palaeozoic  Rocks. "§ 

It  follows  from  this  that  we  have  in  our  Upper  Coal  Measures 
a  Leo.ia  possessing  all  the  general  features  of  the  genus,  and  most 
nearly  allied  to  L.  Leidyi  var.  Salteriana,  Jones. 

For  the  figures  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Charles  Hedley,  F.L.S. 

The  following  is  the  abbreviated  diagnosis  : — 

*  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  1879,  iii.  (-5),  p.  257. 

t  Illinois  Geol.  Survey  Report,  1868,  iii.  p.  541,  f.  B  1-3,  and  ?  C. 

t  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  1879,  iii.  (5),  p.  262. 

§  Brit.  Assoc.  Report  for  1887  [1888],  p.  66. 


310  ON    LEAIA    MITCHELLI. 

Leaia  Mitchelli,  sp.nov. 

aS^.  char. — Carapace  valves  transversely  oblong  ;  dorsal  margin 
straight,  and  without  any  trace  of  inflection ;  anterior  outline 
rather  produced  and  rounded;  posterior  margin  obliquely  truncate, 
slightly  em arginate  at  its  junction  with  the  dorsal  margin,  rounded 
below  and  graduating  invisibly  into  the  ventral  margin;  umbones 
sharp,  anterior,  but  not  terminal ;  lateral  carinse  prominent  and 
well  marked,  increasing  in  thickness  as  the  umbones  are  receded 
from,  the  anterior  slightly  curved,  but  reaching  the  ventral 
margins  at  a  point  almost  vertically  beneath  the  umbones,  the 
posterior  straight  and  diagonal,  separating  the  valves  into  unequal 
halves,  the  anterior  being  the  larger;  surface  bearing  fine,  regular, 
concentric  laminae,  angulated  at  the  carinse  to  correspond  with  the 
outline  of  the  valves,  but  frill-like  on  crossing  the  former. 

Loc.  and  Horizon. — Charlestown,  between  Newcastle  and  Lake 
Macquarie  : — Upper  Coal  Measures — Coll.  Mitchell. 


311 

ON  THE  GENUS  PERRIERIA. 
By  C.  Hedley,  F.L.S. 

Having  occasion  to  study  the  shell  known  to  Australian 
naturalists  as  Coeliaxis  australis,  Forbes,  sp.,  I  am  surprised  to 
find  that  the  species  has  no  claim  to  that  generic  title.  On 
turning  to  Fischer's  "Manuel  de  Conchyliologie,"  p.  482,  the 
type  of  Coeliaxis,  Adams  and  Angas,  is  found  misquoted  as 
C.  exigua ;  further  search,  however,  shows  that  the  authors  of 
that  genus  instituted  not  exigita,  but  layardi  as  their  type. 

The  preface  (P.Z.S.  1867,  p.  907)  to  the  description  of  C. 
exigua,  clearly  indicating  that  "the  species  upon  which  Coeliaxis 
was  founded  "  was  the  African  C.  layardi,  Adams  and  Angas, 
runs  as  follows  : — 

"  In  a  paper  read  at  the  meeting  of  the  Society  on  the  10th 
January,  1865,  we  gave  a  description  of  a  new  species  of  land- 
shell  from  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  for  which  the  sub-generic 
name  Coeliaxis  was  proposed.  Adult  specimens  of  a  second 
species,  possessing  a  continuous  peritreme  and  distinct  parietal 
plate,  have  since  been  received  by  us  from  the  Solomon  Archi- 
pelago, from  which  it  would  appear  that  Coeliaxis  must  be  con- 
sidered a  distinct  genus,  having  more  affinity  with  Gihhulina  and 
Ennea  than  with  Suhidina,  to  which  we  at  the  time  referred  it. 
Of  the  species  on  which  Coeliaxis  was  founded,  only  two  examples 
in  the  British  Museum  Collection  have  their  aperture  at  all 
complete,"  &c.,  &c. 

I  cannot  read  in  the  foregoing  quotation  the  meaning  placed 
upon  it  by  Fischer,  who  remarks  (Jour,  de  Conch.  Vol.  xxxi. 
1883,  p.  99)— "Par  le  fait,  le  sous-genre  Coeliaxis  de  1865  est 
supprime;  le  genre  Coeliaxis  date  de  1867  et  a  pour  type  le 
Coeliaxis  exigua,  Adams  and  Angas,  des  isles  Salamon."  Messrs. 
21 


312  ON    THE    GENUS    PERRIERIA, 

Adams  and  Angas  show  no  intention  of  suppressing  their  genus, 
but  merely  offer  a  modification  of  it.  If  they  had  deliberately 
made  the  alteration  imputed  to  them  by  Fischer,  such  an  illegal 
procedure  could  not  be  tolerated. 

An  examination  of  the  figures  and  description  (P.Z.S.  1867,  p. 
907,  pi.  XLiii.  figs.  16,  17)  of  G.  exigua  has  satisfied  me  that  the 
authors  of  that  species  had  before  them  no  Solomon  Island  shell, 
but  the  Queensland  (P.)  australis,  Forbes.  My  colleague  Mr. 
Brazier,  who  at  my  request  compared  the  Australian  shell  with 
the  figures  and  description  in  question,  quite  supports  this  identi- 
fication. C.  exigua  may  therefore  be  considered  an  absolute 
synonym  of  C.  australis,  and  the  habitat  assigned  to  the  former 
to  be  erroneous. 

So  manifold  are  the  difierences  between  layardi  and  australis 
that  no  zoologist  will  be  hardy  enough  to  confine  the  two  within 
the  limits  of  a  single  genus.  Coeliaxis  being  appropriated  to 
layardi,  another  genus  must  be  found  for  the  reception  of 
aicstralis.  It  will  not,  however,  be  necessary  to  invent  one.  In 
the  "Comptes-rendus  de  I'Acad.  des  Sciences,"  Vol.  Ixxxvi.  1878, 
p.  1150,  Tapparone-Ganefri  thus  defined  the  genus  Perrieria: — • 
"  Testa  sinistrorsa,  f  usiformis,  multispira,  apice  truncata ;  aper- 
tura  elliptica ;  peristoma  continuum  expansum  ;  axis  sinuosus, 
basi  contortus  et  columellam  truncatam  atque  subdentatam  simu- 
lans."  A  single  species,  clausiliaeforynis,  Tapparone-Canefri,  from 
Port  Dorey  and  Mount  Arfak,  Dutch  New  Guinea,  furnished  the 
above  generalisation,  which  with  the  exception  of  "  sinistrorsa " 
perfectly  agrees  with  the  Australian  representative.  So  many 
genera,  Partula,  Pujja,  Clausilia,  for  example,  are  indifferently 
dextral  or  sinistral,  the  indifference  even  extending  to  species, 
that  slight  importance  can  be  attached  to  this  feature.  With 
the  admission  of  the  second  species,  australis,  the  definition  of 
Perrieria  will  therefore  require  motlification  in  this  particular. 

As  Nevill  points  out  in  the  "Hand  List  of  Mollusca  in  the 
Indian  Museum,"  p.  QS,  Crosse  and  Fischer  have  been  most  lax 
in  the  matter  of  types ;  Fischer's  "  Manuel  de  Conchyliologie,"  in 
the   main   a  very  useful    work,   contains    many   errors   of   this 


BY    C.  HEDLEY.  313 

description.  Thus,  not  inaequalis,  but  greenwoodi,  is  the  type  of 
Rhytida ;  perlucidus  should  have  been  named  as  the  type  of 
Hyalimax,  not  maillardi  ;  and  as  shown  above  exigua  is  misquoted 
as  the  type  of  Goeliaxis,  which  was,  is,  and  must  remain,  layardi. 


The  bibliography  of  Ferrieria  artstraUs,  Forbes,  1852,  may  be 
thus  summarised  : — 

Synonym. — exigua,  Adams  and  Angas,  1867. 

Illustration s. — (Shell)  Voyage  of  the  Rattlesnake,  pi.  ii. 
figs.  9a,  9b;  P.Z.S.  1867,  pi.  xliii.  tigs.  16,  17  ;  Journ.  de  Conch. 
Vol.  XXXI.  fig.  4;  Monogr.  Aust.  L.  Shells,  pi.  xii.  figs.  16,  16a; 
P.L.S.N.S.W.  (2),  Vol.  VI.  pi.  XXI.  figs.  4,  7  ;  (Animal)  loc.  cit. 
fig.  9 ;  (Dentition),  Journ.  de  Conch,  xxxi.  pi.  in.  figs.  5  &  6. 

Descriptions. — Voy.  Rattlesnake,  ii.  p.  380  ;  Mon.  Hel. 
Viv.  III.  p.  584  ;  op  cit.  vi.  p.  395  ;  P.Z.S.  1867,  p.  907  ;  Monog. 
Aust.  L.  Shells,  p.  81  ;  (Anatomy)  Journ.  de  Conch,  p.  101  ; 
(Habits)  P.L.S.N.S.W.  (2)  vi.  pp.  559  and  570. 

Type  in  the  British  Museum. 

Habitats. — Not  Solomon  Islands  (Adams  and  Angas)  :  but 
Port  Mackay  (Turner),  Port  Molle  (MacGillivray),  Warro  Station, 
Port  Curtis  (Musson,  Blackman),  Cania  (Musson),  North  Pine 
River  (Musson),  and  Caboolture  (Wilde) ;  all  on  the  Queensland 
coast. 


NOTES    AND    EXHIBITS. 

Professor  Haswell  showed  an  inexpensive  adaptation  of  the 
simple  microscope  for  the  efiective  exhibition  in  museum  cases  of 
small  objects  requiring  moderate  magnification. 

Mr.  Etheridge  exhibited  the  fossils  described  in  the  papers  by 
Dr.  Woodward  and  himself. 


314  NOTES    AND    EXHIBITS. 

Mr.  C.  W.  Darley  exhibited  pliotographs  of,  and  communicated 
particulars  respecting,  some  extensive  aboriginal  kitchen  middens 
on  the  banks  of  North  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Richmond  River. 
Two  of  the  largest  have  the  following  dimensions  :  590  yards  long, 
55  feet  wide,  10  feet  high  ;  and  500  feet  long,  30-40  feet  wide, 
and  5-15  feet  high.  They  are  composed  almost  entirely  of  oyster 
shells,  with  occasional  traces  of  ashes  and  cinders  ;  now  and  then 
a  few  stones  or  a  stone  implement — a  specimen  of  the  latter  was 
exhibited — are  met  with.  The  shells  are  in  course  of  removal, 
chiefly  for  road-metalling,  and  before  very  long  the  mounds,  which 
antedate  the  occupation  of  the  locality  by  the  white  man,  will 
have  disappeared.  It  must  have  been  a  favourite  haunt  of  the 
blacks ;  oysters,  fish  and  wild  fowl  were  plentiful,  while  the  spot 
was  well  sheltered  and  not  liable  to  danger  from  floods. 

Mr.  Maiden  exhibited,  for  Baron  von  Mueller,  flowering  and 
fruiting  specimens  of  a  new  species  of  Acacia  allied  to  A. 
glaucescens,  Wild.  Up  to  the  present  it  has  been  found  on  the 
Richmond  River  and  about  Port  Stephens.  It  will  be  described 
at  the  next  meeting. 

Mr.  Froggatt  exhibited  a  living  specimen  of  a  small  Geckt) 
{Gymnodactylus  miliusii,  Gray)  from  Bendigo,  Victoria ;  this 
lizard  is  found  from  Sydney  southwards  round  to  Champion  Bay, 
W.A. 

Mr.  Whitelegge  exhibited  well-preserved  specimens  of  a 
Physalid  {Alophota  sp.)  from  Coogee  Bay,  an  addition  to  our 
marine  fauna  ;  also,  from  Sydney  Cove  a  specimen  of  Rhegmatodes 
ihalassina,T^ron,  one  of  the  Leptornedusm,  only  previously  recorded 
from  off  the  coast  of  Arnheim's  Land.  N.  Australia. 

Mr.  Trebeck  showed  photographs  of  the  coccus  and  galls  of  one 
of  the  Brachyscelidoi ;  also  specimens  of  the  common  sow-thistle 
infested  with  the  leaf-mining  larvse  of  the  fly  {Phytomyza  sp.),  so 
abundant  during  the  spring  of  last  year. 


P.L.SNI  S.W.  (2"'^Ser)V0L.Vll 


PI  IV 


PRO  SOP  ON    ETHERIDGEI,  Woodward 


315 


WEDNESDAY,  JULY  27th,  li 


The  President,  Pi'ofessor  Haswell,  M.A.,  D.Sc,  in  the  Chair. 


Mr.  J.  A.  Schofield,  Dr.  C.  J.  Martin,  and  Mr.  H.  Richards 
were  introduced  as  visitors. 


Mr.  T.  Cooksey,  B.Sc.   Ph.D.,  Australian  Museum,  was  elected 
a  Member  of  the  Society. 


The  President  announced  that  the  Rev.  R.  Collie,  F.L.S.,  a 
Member  of  the  Society  lately  deceased,  had  bequeathed  to  the 
Society  all  his  books  on  Natural  History,  together  with  an 
extensive  series  of  botanical  specimens. 

The  President  also  called  attention  to  the  Programme  of  the 
proposed  Botanical  Congress  at  Genoa  in  September  next,  to 
which  the  Society  had  been  invited  to  send  delegates. 


"  Department  of  Mines  and  Agriculture,  New  South  Wales — 
Annual  Report  for  the  year  1891."  From  the  Hon.  the  Minister 
for  Mines. 

"  Societe  d' Horticulture  du  Doubs,  Besan^on  —  Bulletin." 
Nouvelle  Serie,  No.  17  (May,  1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Zoologischer  Anzeiger."     xv.  Jahrg.  Nos.  392  and  393  (May 
and  June,  1892).     From  the  Editor. 
•22 


316  DONATIONS. 

"  Societe  Imperiale  des  Natural istes  de  Moscou — Bulletin," 
Annee  1891.     No.  4.     From  the  Society. 

"  Pharmaceutical  Journal  of  Australasia."  Vol.  v.  No.  6  (June, 
1892).     From  the  Editor. 

"  Royal  Physical  Society  of  Edinburgh — Proceedings."  Vol.  xi. 
Part  1  (Session  1890-91).     From  the  Society. 

"  Societe  Royale  Malacologique  de  Belgique — Annales."  Tome 
XXV,  (1890)  ;  "  Proces-Verbaux  des  Seances."  T.  xix.  Nos.  9-12 
(September-December,  1890) ;  T.  xx.  Nos.  1-6  (January-June, 
1891).     From  the  Society. 

"  Agricultural  Gazette  of  New  South  Wales."  Vol.  iii.  Part  6 
(June,  1892).     From  the  Director  of  Agriculture. 

"  Verhandlungen  der  Russisch-Kaiserlichen  Mineralogischen 
Gesellschaft  zu  St.  Petersburg."  Zweite  Serie,  xxviii.  Band 
(1891).     From  the  Society. 

"  University  of  Sydney — Calendar  for  the  year  1892."  From 
the  Senate. 

"Perak  Government  Gazette."  Vol.  v.  Nos.  15  and  16  (June, 
1892).     From  the  Government  Secretary. 

"  An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Botany"  ( 1 892).  By  Arthur 
Dendy,  D.Sc,  F.L.S.,  and  A.  H.  S.  Lucas,  M.A.,  B.Sc.  From  the 
Publishers. 

"  Abhandlungen  herausgegeben  vom  naturwissenschaftlichen 
Vereine  zu  Bremen."     xii.  Bd.  2  Heft  (1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Report  on  the  Proposed  National  Aquarium  in  Sydney,  New- 
South  Wales"  (1892).  From  the  Trustees  of  the  Australian 
MusetLm. 

"  Smithsonian  Institution — United  States  National  Museum, 
Washington  —  Annual  Report,  1891."  pp.  1-50.  From  the 
Museum. 

"American  Naturalist."  Vol.  xxvi.  No.  306  (June,  1892). 
From  the  Editors. 


DONATIONS.  317 

"  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Harvard  College — Bulle- 
tin."    Vol.  xxiii.  No.  2  (April,  1892).     From  the  Curator. 

"  Gessellschaft  fiir  Erdkunde  zu  Berlin — Verhandlungen."  Bd. 
xix.  No.  5  (1892).     Fro^yi  the  Society. 

"  Societe  Royale  Linne'enne  de  Bruxelles — Bulletin."  xvii™* 
Annee,  No.  8  (May,  1892).      From  the  Society. 

"  Bombay  Natural  History  Society — Journal";  Index  to  Vol.  vi. 
(1891) ;  Vol.  vii.  No.  1  (1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Royal  Irish  Academy — Proceedings."  Third  Series,  Vol.  ii. 
No.  2  (1892).     Fro7n  the  Academy. 

"  Catalogue  of  Books  added  to  the  RadclifFe  Library,  Oxford 
UniversityyMuseum,  during  the  year  1891."     From  the  Trustees. 

"Johns  Hopkins  University  Circulars."  Vol.  xi.  No.  99  (June, 
1892).     From  the  University. 

"  Australasian  Journal  of  Pharmacy."  Vol.  vii.  No.  79  (July, 
1892).     From  the  Editor. 

"  Geological  Survey  of  Queensland  —  Twenty-six  Geological 
Reports  by  Members  of  the  Survey"  (1886-92).  From  the  Govern- 
ment Geologist. 

Pamphlet  entitled — "The  Moas  of  New  Zealand."  By  Captain 
F.  W.  Hutton,  F.G.S.     From  the  Author. 

"  Catalogue  of  the  Marine  Shells  of  Australia  and  Tasmania." 
Part  i. — Cephalopoda  ;  Part  ii. — Pteropoda.  By  John  Brazier, 
C.M.Z.S.,  F.L.S.     From  the  Author. 

"  Journal  of  Conchology."  Vol.  vii.  Nos.  1-2  (January-April, 
1892).  From  the  C onchological  Society  of  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland. 

"Zoological  Society  of  London — Absti-acts."  May  17th  and 
June  14th,  1892,     From  the  Society. 

"Archives  Neerlandaises  des  Sciences  Exactes  et  Naturelles." 
T.  xxvi.  !'■«  liiv.  (1892).  From  the  Dutch  Society  of  Sciences^ 
Haarlem. 


318  DONATIONS. 

"  Royal  Microscopical  Society — Journal,  1892."  Part  3  (June); 
"  Charter  and  By-laws,  &c."  (1892).     From  the  Society. 

"Department  of  Agriculture,  Brisbane  —  Bulletin  No.  18" 
(1892):  "Lithograms  of  the  Ferns  of  Queensland."  By  F.  M. 
Bailey,  F.L.S.  (1892).     From  the  Colonial  Botanist,  Brisbane. 

"  Societe  Geologique  de  Belgique — Annales."  T.  xix.  2""®  Liv. 
(1891-92).     From  the  Society. 

Pamphlet  entitled — "  Le  Role  de  I'eau  dans  les  Cylindres  a 
Vapeur."     Par  L.  Anspach  (1892).     From  the  Author. 

"  Bollettino  dei  Musei  di  Zoologia  ed  Anatomia  Comparata 
della  R.  Universita  di  Torino."  Vol.  vii.  Nos.  120-126  (1892). 
From  the  Museum. 


319 


PAPERS   READ. 


OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE  POISONOUS  CONSTITUENTS 
OF  THE  VENOM  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  BLACK 
SNAKE  (PSEUD  EC  HIS  PORPHYRIACUS). 

By  C.  J.  Martin,  M.B.,  B.Sc,  Lond. 

Demonstrator  of  Physiology  Univ.  of  Sydney,  late  Demonstr. 

OF  Physiology  King's  Coll.,  London. 

With  the  exception  of  a  few  observations,  I  can  find  no  record  of 
investigations  into  the  chemistry  of  the  venom  of  the  Australian 
snakes  such  as  have  been  undertaken  with  the  poison  obtained 
from  Indian  and  American  species. 

The  first  investigation  into  the  chemistry  of  snake  poisons  of 
any  importance  was  by  Prince  Lucien  Bonaparte  with  the  venom 
of  an  adder  ( Pelias  herns)  in  184-3.  An  interesting  account  of 
this  is  given  by  Sir  Joseph  Fayrer  in  a  paper  in  the  Proceedings  of 
the  Medical  Society,  London,  1884. 

Bonaparte  found  that  the  activity  of  the  poison  was  associated 
with  the  portion  coagulable  by  alcohol,  and  gave  the  name  of 
viperine  to  this  coagulated  material. 

In  the  first  volume  of  the  Analyst  (1876),  Winter  Blyth  states 
that  he  found  in  cobra  poison  a  crystalline  highly  poisonous  body, 
to  which  he  gives  the  name  "  cobric  acid,"  and  that  this  is  the 
sole  poisonous  constituent.  Blyth's  conclusions  are  criticised  by 
Wolfenden  (Journal  of  Physiology,  Vol.  vii.)  who  at  the  same 
time  shows  that  the  toxic  qualities  of  cobra  venom  are  resident 
in  its  proteid  constituents. 

In  1878  Professor  Pedler,*  of  Calcutta,  published  an  account  of 
his  investigations.  He  made  an  ultimate  analysis  of  the  dried 
poison,  and  showed  that  in  percentage  composition  it  closely  corre- 
sponded with  that  of  albuminous  bodies  generally.  He  also  claimed 
to  have  separated  a  ".semi-crystalline"  body  of  an  "  alkaloidal 
nature,"  to  which  he  ascribed  the  potency  of  cobra  venom. 

*  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  1878. 


320     THE  VENOM  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  BLACK  SNAKE, 

Armstrong,*  and  still  earlier  Dumas,  had  made  ultimate 
analyses  with  similar  results. 

In  1883  Wall  published  a  very  interesting  book,  "  Indian 
Snake  Poisons,  their  Nature  and  Effect,"  in  which  are  two  facts 
of  special  importance,  viz.: — (i)  That  the  whole  of  the  poisonous 
properties  reside  in  the  coagulum  by  absolute  alcohol,  and  that  if 
the  alcohol  be  absolute,  the  filtrate  is  innocuous,  (ii)  That  the 
poisonous  principle  is  taken  up  by  distilled  water  from  this  pre- 
cipitate by  alcohol,  and  that  the  solution  so  obtained  possesses 
all  the  properties  of  cobra  poison. 

Since  then  three  papers  by  Norris  Wolfendenf  have  appeared 
in  the  Journal  of  Physiology.  In  these  papers  Dr.  Wolfenden 
establishes  the  proteid  nature  of  the  poison,  and  excludes  the 
possibility  of  alkaloids,  ptomaines,  germs  and  any  body  of  the 
nature  of  cobric  acid.  He  claims  to  have  separated  an  albumen, 
an  albuminate,  and  a  globulin  from  cobra  venom,  to  all  of  which 
he  ascribes  poisonous  properties. 

Investigations  into  the  nature  of  the  poisons  of  the  American 
rattle-snakes,  the  mocassin  and  copper-heads  have  been  carried  on 
by  Drs.  Weir  Mitchell  and  Reichert,  whose  results  appeared  as  a 
preliminary  report  in  the  Medical  News,  Philadelphia,  1883. 

A  complete  account  was  published  by  the  same  authors  in  the 
Smithsonian  Contribution  to  Knowledge  for  1890. 

They  prove  the  proteid  character  of  snake  poison  in  American 
snakes,  and  ascribe  poisonous  properties  to  three  varieties  of 
globulin,  which  they  separated  by  "appropriate  processes,"  and  a 
peptone.  The  reactions  given  by  their  so-called  peptone  are 
characteristic  of  that  class  of  bodies  which  we  now  know  as 
albumoses. 

With  the  idea  of  determining  the  presence  of  albumoses,  in  the 
venom  of  our  Australian  snakes,  I  proceeded  in  the  following 
manner. 

I  placed  the  poison  from  the  ducts,  and  the  squeezings  from  the 
glands,  of  two  black  snakes  under  a  laige  volume  of  absolute 
alcohol  for  three  months.     By  this  treatment  the  whole  of  the 

*  Snake  Comm.  Rep.  1874. 
+  Journ.  Physiol.  Vol.  vii. 


BY   C.  J.  MARTIN.  321 

proteid  was  precipitated,  and  all  proteids  except  albumoses  and 
peptones  rendered  insoluble. 

The  alcohol  was  filtered  off  and  allowed  to  evaporate  very 
slowly  under  a  bell  jar,  at  the  ordinary  temperature  of  the 
laboratory.     This  alcoholic  extract  I  shall  refer  to  as  solution  A. 

The  precipitate,  after  the  adherent  alcohol  had  been  driven  off 
by  evaporation  at  40°  C,  was  treated  with  1%  NaCl  solution  for 
some  hours  and  filtered.  This  solution  of  pi-ecipitated  proteids  I 
shall  refer  to  as  solution  B. 

By  these  procedures  any  body|  of  the  nature  of  an  alkaloid, 
ptomaine,  or  Blyth's  hypothetical  cobric  acid,  would  be  in  solution 
A,  and  those  proteids  not  rendered  insoluble  by  the  prolonged 
sojourn  under  alcohol  in  solution  B.  All  germs,  if  such  were 
present,  would  be  destroyed. 

Examination  of  Solution  A. 

The  solution  is  yellow  in  colour,  with  a  disagreeable  pungent 
smell,  and  of  a  marked  acid  reaction. 

During  the  slow  evaporation  of  the  solution  no  crystals 
appeared.  The  lower  portion  of  the  fluid  was  repeatedly  drawn 
off  and  examined  under  the  microscope  with  negative  result. 

The  i-esidue  after  evaporating  off"  the  alcohol  was  dark  brown  in 
colour,  greasy,  and  of  an  acid  reaction.  The  acid  present  in  it 
was  freely  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether.  Litmus  paper  reddened 
by  either  of  these  solutions  returned  to  the  neutral  tint  on  drying. 

This  alcoholic  extract  contained  no  proteid  and  the  whole  of  it 
was  mixed  with  a  little  salt  solution  7%  and  injected  into  the 
peritoneal  cavity  of  a  guinea  pig  without  result. 

Examination  of  Sohttion  B. 
This  solution  was  clear,  colourless  and  neutral,  and  although  it 
was  a  very  weak  one,  1  cc.  injected  into  the  jugular  vein  of  a 
guinea  pig  caused  its  death  in  23  minutes  with  the  usual  symptoms 
of  snake  poison.  The  remainder  was  then  submitted  to  the 
following  chemical  tests  : — 

(1.)  Boiling.     No  coagulation. 

(2.)  Nitric  acid.  Slight  turbidity,  on  the  addition  of  salt  a 
precipitate,  which  disappeared  on  warming  and  I'e-ap- 
peared  on  cooling. 


322      THE  VENOM  OP  THE  AUSTRALIAN  BLACK  SNAKE. 

(3.)  Copper  sulphate  and  potash.     Rose  buiret. 
(4.)  Saturation  with  magnesium  sulphate.      Causes  a  pre- 
cipitate. 
(5.)  Saturation  with  ammonium   sulphate.      Causes  a  pre- 
cipitate. 

Of    a    small    test   tube    |-    inch    was    filled    with    the 
crystals  of  MgS04  ^^  -^^2  ^^4  and  then  the  solution 
poured  on  to  them  so  as  to  cover  the  crystals  by  i  inch. 
The  tubes  were  then  allowed  to  stand  24  hours  in  a  warm 
place.     At  the  end  of  this  time  the  crystals  in  both  tubes 
were  found  to  be  covei'ed  with  a  layer  of  flocculi. 
(6.)  Of  the  solution  2  cc.  were  shaken  for  24  hours  with  A  mo 
SO. 2  crystals,  to  which  one  drop  of  5%  H^  SO 4  had  been 
added*  and  then  filtered. 
The  filtrate  was  proteid  free. 
On  account  of  the  minute  quantity  at  my  disposal  I  have  not 
been  able  to  accomplish  more  than  this  at  present,  but  these  few 
experiments  enable  me  to  answer  in  the  aflirmative  the  question 
whether  our  snake  poison  contains  poisonous  albumoses. 

The  question  whether  any  other  proteid  constituents  of  snake 
venom,  not  separated  by  these  means,  possess  toxic  powers  {e.g., 
albumins  or  globulins),  is  so  far  unanswered. 

I  am  at  the  present  time,  in  conjunction  with  Mr.  T.  McGarvie 
Smith,  conducting  a  systematic  investigation  into  the  chemistry  of 
snake  poison.  The  great  difficulty  we  have  to  contend  with  is  the 
scarcity  of  material.  For  though  we  have  reason  to  believe  that 
the  virulence  of  the  poison  of  the  black  snake  is  as  great  as  that 
of  the  cobra,  the  amount  of  poison  voided  at  one  time  by  the 
latter  snake  is  10  or  20  times  as  great  as  that  procured  from  the 
largest  snakes  we  have  had  in  our  possession,  some  of  which  have 
been  remarkably  fine  specimens. 

In  conclusion,  I  take  this  opportunity  of  acknowledging  'my 
indebtedness  to  Mr,  Smith,  whose  kindness  enabled  me  to  compare 
the  effects  of  the  injection  of  ray  isolated  albumoses  with  those 
produced  by  the  fresh  poison. 

*  Vide  Neumeister,  Zeitscrift  f,  Biologie,  Bd.  xxvi. 


323 

GALL-MAKING   BUPEESTIDS.  ;/ 

By  Walter  VV.  Froggatt. 

in  the  following  short  paper  I  give  an  account  of  three  species 
of  the  genus  Ethon,  whose  larvee  have  the  rather  uncommon  habit, 
for  Coleoptera,  of  producing  galls  or  fleshy  excrescences  on  their 
food-plants.  Through  my  connection  with  the  Technological 
Museum  as  one  of  its  collectors  1  have  had  many  opportunities 
of  hunting  out  the  immature  insects  in  all  stages  of  their  develop- 
ment, and  of  working  at  their  life-histories  during  the  winter 
months.  In  this  work  I  have  been  greatly  assisted  by  my  chief, 
INIr.  J.  H.  Maiden,  who  has  given  me  every  facility  both  for 
collecting  entomological  specimens,  and  in  the  identification  of 
their  food-plants. 

I  consider  the  latter  one  of  the  most  important  points  in  the 
life-history  of  an  insect,  and  though  many  of  our  entomologists 
have  worked  at  introduced  pests  attacking  cultivated  trees  and 
plants,  they  are  often  completely  in  the  dark  when  called  upon  to 
say  what  has  killed  an  indigenous  plant  ;  while  the  habits  of  very 
few  of  even  our  commonest  beetles  have  been  recorded. 

Ethon  afpine,  Laporte  and  Gory,  Monograph  of  the  Buprestidse 
ii.,  Ethon,  p.  4  pi.  i.  fig.  5  (1851). 

This  pretty  little  beetle  is  well  described  and  faithfully  figured 
in  the  above  fine  monograph  oh  the  Family  Buprestidse ;  since 
then  it  has  been  described  under  the  synonyms  of  E.  aurijiua, 
Hope,  and  E.  proximum,  Boheman. 

While  collecting  botanical  specimens  at  Middle  Harbour  in  the 
early  part  of  last  May  I  noticed  a  number  of  rounded  excrescences 
or  galls  on  the  stems  of  several  large  specimens  of  PuUencea 
stipularis ;  stems  not  much  thicker  than  one's  finger  had  some 


324  GALL-MAKING    BUPRESTIDS. 

four  01*  five  galls  placed  two  or  three  inches  apart.  The  galls 
were  longer  than  broad,  1  inch  2  lines  long,  10  lines  in  width,  7 
lines  deep,  round  at  both  ends ;  many  of  the  largest  ones,  and  all 
of  them  on  several  bushes  that  had  evidently  died  from  their 
attacks,  were  marked  with  a  little  circular  hole  in  the  centre  from 
which  the  insect  had  emerged,  but  from  several  living  bushes  I 
obtained  about  forty  specimens  of  the  gall  in  all  stages  of 
growth. 

The  larva  is  a  white  grub,  7  lines  in  length,  and  of  uniform 
thickness,  slightly  rounded  on  the  segment  carrying  the  mouth 
parts,  and  rather  pointed  at  the  anal  segments ;  the  segments  are 
twelve  in  number  and  very  distinct,  the  mouth  parts  small, 
situated  in  the  centre  of  the  thoracic  segment,  the  jaws  small. 

The  larva  is  surrounded  with  the  dust  or  debris  of  the  wood  it 
has  eaten,  and  it  moves  about  freely  in  the  chamber  at  the  base 
of  the  excrescence  close  to  the  tree  stem  of  the  bush,  so  that  one 
has  to  slice  off  nearly  the  whole  of  the  gall  before  coming  to  the 
grub. 

The  galls  containing  the  perfect  insect,  which  were  in  the 
majority,  were  more  soft  and  spongy  than  those  containing  the 
larvae ;  as  the  beetles  do  not  emerge  until  the  early  summer 
months  they  must  stay  a  considerable  time  in  these  galls  after 
having  undergone  their  metamorphoses. 

The  beetle  is  a  brilliant  metallic  copper-coloured  insect,  the 
elytra  covered  with  finely  punctured  striae,  and  curious  scroll-like 
markings,  formed  by  patches  of  fine  golden  scales,  which  in  old 
specimens  are  liable  to  be  rubbed  ;  it  is  from  4  to  4^  lines  in 
length. 

Ethon  corpulentum,  Boheman,  Res.  Eugen.  Entomol.  Bid.  p.  62 
(1858). 

This  beetle  is  also  described  and  figured  in  Laporte  and  Gory's 
monograph,  but  under  the  synonym  E.  Jissiceps,  Boisduval ;  not 
only  had  Boheman  priority  of  name,  but  the  specific  name ^ssicejos 
had  been  given  to  a  very   distinct  species  (also  Australian)  by 


BY   W.  W.  FROGGATT.  325 

Kirby  in  his  "Century  of  Insects"  [Trans.  Linnean  Society,  xii. 
p.  458  (1817)]. 

When  insect-hunting  over  some  sandy  ground  at  Botany  about 
the  first  week  of  last  June  I  noticed  the  boring  of  lepidopterous 
larvfe  in  the  stem  of  ^  Dillwynia  ericlfolia,  and  when  pulling  it 
up  to  get  this  specimen  I  saw  a  large  oval  gall  on  the  roots  close 
to  the  stem.  Upon  opening  it  I  found  it  to  consist  of  a  thinnish 
shell  containing  a  perfect  specimen  of  this  beetle. 

Since  then  I  have  carefully  hunted  the  same  locality  and  have 
found  that  nearly  every  bush  of  Dillwynia  had  its  roots  more  or 
less  attacked  by  these  beetles,  some  having  as  many  as  twenty  of 
the  curious  excrescences  upon  their  roots.  The  galls  are  about  9 
lines  in  length,  6  lines  broad,  5  in  depth,  rounded  on  the  apex. 

The  larva  is  a  whitish  semi-transf)arent  grub,  consisting  of 
twelve  segments,  which  are  very  distinct  and  almost  globose  in 
shape,  except  the  thoracic  and  anal  ones ;  mouth  parts  small. 

The  perfect  beetle  is  about  the  same  length  as  E.  affine,  but  is 
much  broader,  the  head  and  thorax  bright  bronzy  colour,  the 
elytra  much  darker,  marked  with  punctured  striae,  the  minute 
scales  forming  the  scroll-like  patterns  of  a  silvery  tint  showing 
out  very  distinctly  on  the  apex  of  the  wing  covers. 

As  far  as  I  know  this  is  a  more  common  species  than  the  last, 
but  it  is  evident  that  if  one  looks  for  the  galls  they  are  all 
plentiful. 

Ethon  marmoreum,  Laporte  and  Gory,  Monograph  of  the 
Buprestidse  ii.,  Ethon,  p.  3,  pi.  1,  fig.  3. 

There  seems  to  be  some  misapprehension  about  this  species. 
Saunders  in  his  paper  in  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1868,  p.  60,  gives 
Cisseis  marmorata,  L.  and  G.,  as  a  synonym  of  C.  acuducta  ;  but 
in  his  Catalogue  of  Buprestidse  (1871)  C.  marmorata  appears  as  a 
recognised  species,  and  E.  marmoreum  is  given  as  a  synonym  of 
C.  acuducta.  In  Masters'  Catalogue  C.  marmorata  is  omitted 
altogether,  and  E.  marmoreum  appears  among  the  synonyms  of 
C.  acuducta. 

On  the  roots  of  several  bushes  of  Dillwynia  ericifolia  pulled  up 
by  me  in  the  search  for  the  galls  of  E.  corpulentum,  I  found  longer 


326  GALL-MAKING    BUPRESTIDS. 

cylindrical  swellings  away  from  the  base  of  the  stem  on  the 
smaller  roots  which  were  found  to  contain  beetle  larvse,  and  after 
opening  several  I  was  rewarded  with  a  specimen  of  the  perfect 
insect.  The  galls  are  regular  swellings  of  the  rootlet,  the  young 
larva  apparently  eating  round  between  the  wood  and  the  bark ; 
about  an  inch  long,  often  tapering  at  the  ends,  and  6  lines  wide  at 
the  centre. 

The  larva  is  a  flat,  slender,  white  grub,  about  9  lines  in  length  ; 
jaws  small,  head  segment  much  larger  and  rounder  than  the  follow- 
ing— 2nd  and  3rd  small,  4-llth  flat,  anal  segment  small  and 
bearing  two  sharply-pointed  spines  like  a  pair  of  calipers ;  mouth 
parts  and  anal  appendages  ferruginous ;  all  the  segments  flat,  the 
outer  margins  very  thin  and  rounded,  the  divisions  between  the 
segments  very  truncate. 

The  perfect  beetle  is  4  lines  in  length,  2  lines  in  breadth,  of  a 
much  more  brilliant  reddish  copper  colour,  and  not  striated  or 
punctured  on  the  elytra  like  E.  affine ;  but  the  elytra  are  very 
closely  and  minutely  punctured,  the  greater  portion  being  covered 
with  tiny  little  golden  fish-like  scales,  forming  regular  scroll-like 
markings  of  a  very  different  pattern  from  the  others. 


327 


ON  THE  PLIOCENE  MOLLUSCA  OF  NEW  ZEALAND.* 

By  Professor  F.  W.  Hutton,  F.G.S.,  Hon.  Mem.  L.S.N.S.W. 


CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  OUR  KNOWLEDGE  OF 

CERATODUS* 

Part.  I. — The  Blood  Vessels. 

By  W.  Baldwin  Spencer,  M.A.,  Professor  op  Biology  in  the 
University  op  Melbourne. 

(Communicated  by  Professor  Haswell.) 


NOTES  ON  AN  UNDESCRIBED  ACACIA  FROM 
NEW  SOUTH  WALES.* 

By  Baron  von  Mueller,  K.C.M.G.,  M.  &  Ph.D.,  LL.D.,  F.R.S. 


These  papers  will  be  published  in  the  Macleay  Memorial  Volume. 


328 


NOTES   AND    EXHIBITS. 


Mr.  Baker,  on  behalf  of  Mr,  H.  Smith,  showed  a  specimen  of 
Barytes  in  Hawkesbury  sandstone  from  Gosford,  and  he  stated  that 
in  a  paper  read  before  this  Society  on  29th  April,  1891,  Mr.  Smith 
had  called  attention  to  the  presence  of  Barytes  at  Marrickville, 
the  first  record  of  the  occurrence  of  this  mineral  in  the  Hawkes- 
bury Sandstone.  In  a  subsequent  paper  communicated  to  the 
Royal  Society  of  N.S.W.,  attention  was  again  called  to  its  presence 
in  a  second  locality  some  considerable  distance  from  the  first,  and 
the  opinion  was  expressed  that  it  was  laid  down  contemporaneously 
with  the  shale  beds,  and  that  its  pi'esence  would  be  found  over  a 
large  area.  The  specimen  exhibited  was  from  the  Ballast  Quarry 
not  far  from  Broadwater,  100  or  200  yards  from  Gosford  Railway 
Station,  and  from  the  same  formation  as  the  Marrickville  speci- 
mens and  from  about  the  same  level.  It  was  obtained  and  pre- 
sented to  the  Museum  by  Mr.  Wall.  Though  the  specimen 
exhibited  was  from  the  conglomerate,  a  specimen  of  shale  with 
Barytes  was  also  obtained  at  the  same  place.  The  occurrence  of 
the  mineral  at  Gosford  suggests  the  probability  that  the  area  from 
Sydney  to  Gosford,  at  any  rate,  is  a  portion  of  a  lacusti'ine 
formation. 

Dr.  Norton  exhibited  a  portion  of  a  root  of  Stenocarpus  cunning- 
hamii,  R.Br.,  showing  an  extraordinary  development  of  fibrous 
rootlets. 

Dr.  Norton  also  related  a  remarkable  instance  of  antipathy  to 
the  smell  of  fish  on  the  part  of  a  horse  in  his  possession. 

Mr.  Rainbow  exhibited  the  two  sexes  of  an  undescribed  Sydney 
spider  (IfepJiila  sp.)  the  webs  of  which  were  said  to  be  strong 
enoueh  to  catch  small  birds. 


329 


WEDNESDAY,  AUGUST  31st,  1892. 


Mr.  Henry  Deane,  M.A.,  Vice-President,  in  the  Chair. 


Dr.  James  Graham,   Liverpool   Street,  and  Dr.  C.  J.  Martin, 
Sydney  University,  were  elected  members  of  the  Society. 


The  Chairman  with  deep  regret  reminded  the  members  of  the 
Society  that  since  the  last  meeting  there  had  passed  away  another 
of  our  scientific  worthies,  Mr,  R.  D.  Fitzgerald,  so  well  and  so 
widely  known  for  his  knowledge,  and  for  his  artistic  and  beautiful 
delineation,  of  Australian  Orchids.  He  felt  sure  therefore  that 
the  Council  in  having  taken  steps  to  make  known  to  the  members 
of  the  deceased  gentleman's  family  the  feelings  which  have  been 
evoked  by  this  sad  event — the  sense  of  loss  sustained  by  Botanical 
Science  in  Australia,  the  appreciation  of  his  work,  the  respect  for 
his  memory,  and  the  sympathy  with  those  who  had  been  bereaved, 
the  Council  had  but  voiced  the  sentiments  of  every  member  of  the 
Society. 


DONATIONS. 

"  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal — Journal."  Vol.  Ix.  (1891),  Part  i. 
Nos.  2  and  3  ;  Part  ii.  N"os.  2-4  and  Index  :  Vol.  Ixi.  (1892), 
Part  i.  No.  1  ;  Part  ii.  No.  1  :  "  Proceedings  for  1891."  Nos. 
7-10  ;  "  Proceedings  for  1892."     Nos.  1-3.     From  the  Society. 

"Zoological  Society,  London — Proceedings  for  the  year  1892." 
Part  1  (June).     From  the  Society. 


330  DONATIONS. 

"  Societe  Imperiale  des  Naturalistes  de  Moscou — Bulletin." 
Annee  1892,  No.  1.     From  the  Society. 

'' Entomological  Society  of  London — Transactions  for  the  year 
1892."     Part  2.     Fro7n  the  Society. 

"Perak  Government  Gazette."  Vol.  v.  Nos.  17-22  (June  and 
July,  1892).     From  the  Government  Secretary. 

"  Pharmaceutical  Journal  of  Australasia."  Vol.  v.  No.  7  (July, 
1892).     From  the  Editor. 

"  Agricultural  Gazette  of  New  South  Wales."  Vol.  iii.  Part  7 
(July,  1892).     From  the  Director  of  Agriculture. 

"  New  Zealand  Institute  —  Transactions  and  Proceedings." 
Vol.  xxiv.  (1891).     From  the  Institute. 

"  Societe  d'Horticulture  du  Doubs,  BesanQon  —  Bulletin." 
Nouvelle  Serie,  No.  18  (June,  1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Zoologischer  Anzeiger."  xv.  Jahrg.  Nos.  394-396  (June  and 
July,  1892).     From  the  Editor. 

"  Geological  Survey  of  India — Records."  Vol.  xxv.  Part  2 
(1892).     From  the  Director. 

Pamphlet  entitled — "Echinologica."  By  Professor  Sven  Loven 
(1892).     From  the  Author. 

South  Australia — "Further  Geological  Examination  of  Leigh" 
Creek  and  Hergott  Districts ;  also,  Report  upon  a  Shale  Deposit 
in  the  Encounter  Bay  District."  By  the  Government  Geologist. 
Also,  papers  on  "  South  Australian  Lower  Silurian  and  Mesozoic 
Fossils."  By  R.  Etheridge,  Junr.,  F.G.S.,  &c.  (1892).  From  the 
Government  Geologist. 

"  Naturwissenschaftlicher  Verein  fiir  Steiermark,  Graz — Mit- 
theilungen."     Jahrgang  1891,     From  the  Society. 

"Technological  Museum,  Sydney  —  Illustrations  of  Types  of 
Wool."  By  A.  Hawkesworth.  [Technical  Education  Series, 
No.  9  (1892).]     From  the  Curator. 

"Johns  Hopkins  University  Circulars."  Vol.  xi.  No.  100 
(July,  1892).     From  the  University. 


DONATIONS.  331 

"  Geological  Survey  of  Queensland — Six  Geological  Reports," 
Nos.  3,  43,  75  (with  map),  81,  83,  and  84  ("Styx  River  Coal 
Field");  Geological  Map  of  Queensland  (1886).  From  the 
Government  Geologist. 

"  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture — Division  of  Ento- 
mology— Insect  Life."  Vol.  iv.  Nos.  9  and  10  (June,  1892)  ; 
"Bulletin."  Nos.  26  and  27  (1892).  From  the  Secretary  of 
Agriculture. 

"  American  Naturalist."  Vol.  xxvi.  No.  307  (July,  1892). 
From  the  Editors. 

"Canadian  Institute — Transactions."  Vol.  ii.  Part  2  (1892); 
"Annual  Ai'clipeological  Report"  (Session  1891);  "An  Appeal 
to  the  Institute  on  the  Rectification  of  Parliament."  By  S. 
Fleming,  C.M.G.,  LL.D.,  &c.  (1892).     From  the  Institute. 

"  Victorian  Naturalist."  Vol.  ix.  No.  4  (August,  1892).  From 
the  Field  Hatwalists'  Club  of  Victoria. 

"  Royal  Society  of  South  Australia — Transactions."  Vol.  xv. 
Part  1  (July,  1892).     Fro7n  t/ie  Society. 

"Royal  Society  of  London — Proceedings."  Vol.  li.  No.  311 
(July,  1892).     From  the  Society. 

"Societe  Beige  de  Microscopie — Bulletin."  Tome  xviii.  Nos.  6 
and  7  (1891-92).     From  the  Society. 

"  Verein  fiir  Erdkunde  zu  Leipzig  —  Mittheilungen,  1891; 
Wissenschaftliche  Veroffentlichungen."  Erster  Band  (1891). 
Fro7n  the  Society. 

"  Societe  Zoologique  de  France — Bulletin."  Tcfme  xviii.  No.  4 
(April,  1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Zoologische  Station  zu  Neapel — Mittheilungen."  x.  Band 
3  Heft  (1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Smithsonian  Institution — Bui'eau  of  Ethnology — Contribu- 
tions to  North  American  Ethnology."  Vol.  vi.  (1890);  "Cata- 
logue of  Prehistoric  Works."  By  C.  Thomas  (1891);  "Omaha 
and  Ponka  Letters."  By  J.  0.  Dorsey  (1891).  From  the 
Director. 

23 


332  DONATIONS. 

"  Societe  de  Physique  et  d'Histoire  Natnrelle  de  Geneve — 
Memoives.  Volume  Supplementau'e  ;  Centenaire  de  la  Fondation 
de  la  Societe  "  (1890).     From  the  Society. 

"  Smithsonian  Institution — United  States  National  Museum — 
Annual  Report  for  the  year  ending  June  30th,  1889."  From  the 
Museum. 

"American  Philosophical  Society — Proceedings."  Vol.  xxix. 
No.  136  (July-December,  1891)  ;  "List  of  Surviving  Members" 
(January,  1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Scientific  Laboratories  of  the  Denisou  TJnive-sity — Bulletin." 
Vol.  vi.  Parts  1  and  2  (January,  1892).     From  the  University. 

"  American  Museum  of  Natural  History — Bulletin."  Vol.  iii. 
No.  2  (December,  1891).     From  the  Ahiseum. 

•'  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelphia— Procet-dings  for 
1891."     Part  3  (September-December).     From  the  Academy. 

"  Rochester  Academy  of  Science— Proceedings."  Vol.  i.  Bro- 
chure 2  (1891).     From  the  Academy. 

"  Cincinnati  Society  of  Natural  History — Journal."  Vol.  xiv. 
Nos.  3  and  4  (1891-92).     From  the  Society. 

"  Naturwissenschaftlicher  Verein  fiir  Schleswig-Holstein  — 
Schriften."  Band  viii.  Zweites  Heft  ;  Band  ix,  Erstes  Heft 
(1891).     From  the  Society. 

"  Zoologisch-Botanische  Gesellschaf t  in  Wien  —  Verhandlun- 
gen."     xli.  Band,  3  u.  4  Quartal  (1891).     From  the  Society. 

"  L'Academig  Imperiale  des  Sciences  de  St.  Petersbourg — 
Memoires."  T.  xxxviii.  Nos.  4-6  (1891);  "Melanges  Biolo- 
giques,"     T.  xiii.  Liv.  1  (1891).     From  the  Academy. 


333 


PAPERS    READ. 

SOME  NEW  SOUTH   WALES  PLANTS  ILLUSTRATED. 

By  R.  T.  Baker,  Assistant  Curator,  Technological 
Museum,  Sydney. 

No.  ii.  Tarrietia  argyrodendron,  Benth.  ;  with  a  Note  on  the 
Oi'gans  of  Reproduction. 

(Plate  V.) 

This  plant,  under  the  name  Argyrodendron  trifoliatum,  g.  et 
sp.n.,  was  tirst  described  by  Baron  von  Mueller  in  the  "  Frag- 
uienta"  (Vol.  i.,  2;  vide  also  Vol.  ii.,  177).  A  few  years  later, 
in  tlie  "Flora  Australiensis "  (Vol.  i.,  230),  Mr.  Bentham  referred 
it  to  the  genus  Tarrietia^  with  the  specific  name  which  it  still 
bears.  At  this  time,  and  even  as  late  as  the  date  of  the  issue  of 
Vol.  i.  of  the  "Genera  Plantarutn  "  (1862-67),  Mr.  Bentham  had 
apparently  only  seen  unisexual  flowers,  for  he  gives  this  as  one  of 
the  generic  characters.  In  his  original  description  Baron  von 
Mueller  says:  "Flores  hermaphroditi  vel  polyganii."  Subsequently 
the  Baron  subdivided  the  original  species,  and  described  ("Frag- 
meuta,"  Vol.  ix.,  42-43)  a  second  species  under  the  name  T. 
trifolialata  ;  the  two  species  being  distinguished  more  particularly 
by  the  characters  of  the  leaves  and  the  relative  breadth  of  the 
anthers.  In  the  description  of  T.  foliolata  the  Baron  says  : 
"  Flores  polygami." 

I  have  recently  had  the  opportunity  of  examining  a  good  series 
of  specimens  of  T.  argyrod eiidron  from  the  Richmond  River 
district  ;  and  as,  I  believe,  no  figure  of  this  species  has  hitherto 
been  published,  it  seems  to  me  a  good  opportunity  of  remedying  the 
deficiency.  The  .specimens  examined  by  me,  like  those  described 
by  the  Baron,  are  polygamous ;  but  trees  with  male  and  hermaph- 
i  odite  flowers  would  seem  to  be  more  common  than  those  with  male 
flowers  exclusively. 


334  SOME    NEW    SOUTH    WALES    PLANTS    ILLUSTRATED. 

An  examination  of  the  hermaphrodite  flowers  sliowed  that  some 
of  the  stamens  at  the  base  of  the  ovary  were  sterile,  although  in 
external  appearance  they  resemble  the  fertile  anthers  of  the 
staminal  column  of  male  flowers  on  the  same  tree.  The  anthers 
of  flowers  from  trees  with  exclusively  male  flowers  are  somewhat 
smaller. 

I  wish  to  acknowledge  my  indebtedness  to  Mr.  J.  H.  Maiden, 
F.L.S.,  for  his  kindness  in  allowing  me  the  use  of  his  herbarium. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE. 

Fig.  L — Part  of  plant  showing  inflorescence  (nat.  size). 

Fig.  2. — Male  flower  (enlarged). 

Fig.  3."  Hermaphrodite  flower  (enlarged). 

Fig.  4. — Anthers  and  pollen  (enlarged). 

Fig.  5. — Fruit-carpels  at  an  early  stage. 

Fig.  6. — Samara  (nat.  size). 

Figs.  7-8. — Parts  of  sepals  magnified. 


335 


THE  RANGE  OF  FLACOSTYLUS ;  A  STUDY  IN 
ANCIENT  GEOGRA'PHY. 

By  C.  Hedley,  F.L.S. 

The  genus  Placostt/his  appears  a  more  fruitful  subject  of  study 
than  any  other  molluscan  genus  inhabiting  the  same  area.  Their 
large  and  handsome  shells  have  attracted  the  attention  of  the  most 
superficial  and  unscientific  collectors;  as  a  I'esult  an  extensive  series 
of  them  have  been  brought  to  our  knowledge  from  remote  localities. 
Close  and  attentive  scrutiny  would  scarcely  justify  an  observer  in 
declaring  that  a  particular  minute  shell  did  not  inhabit  any  given 
island,  whereas  a  casual  survey  would  decide  whether  a  conspicuous 
shell  like  Placostylus  did  or  did  not  compose  a  portion  of  that 
island's  fauna.  A  larger  mass  of  evidence,  both  negative  and 
positive,  is  therefore  at  our  disposal  in  dealing  with  Placostylus 
than  awaits  us  in  studying  smaller  species. 

The  genus  ranges  from  Faro  Island,  )Solomons  {P.  founaki),  in 
the  north,  to  Whangarei,  New  Zealand  (P.  bovinus),  in  the  south, 
and  from  Lanthala,  Fijis  (P.  morosus),  in  the  east,  to  Lord  Howe 
Island  {P.  hivaricosus)  in  the  west ;  and,  so  far  as  is  yet  known,  is 
distributed  as  follows  : — New  Caledonia,  34  ;  Solomons,  16  ;  New 
Hebrides,  3  ;  Fiji,  16;  New  Zealand,  1;  Lord  Howe,  1.  The  area 
of  distribution  of  Placostylus  corresponds  generally  to  that  great 
arc  of  volcanic  activity  which  stretches  across  the  South-west 
Pacific  from  the  Solomons  through  the  New  Hebrides  to  New 
Zealand.  On  either  side  of  this  earth  wave  extend  banks  to  New 
Caledonia,  Fiji  and  Lord  Howe,  indented  by  abyssal  gulfs.  This 
plateau,  which  for  want  of  a  better  name  I  will  call  the  Melanesian 
Plateau,  is  probably  circumscribed  by  the  1300  fathom  zone  and 
probably  the  various  archipelagoes  upon  it  are  connected  by 
comparatively  shallow  banks,  but  the  fragmentary  knowledge  we 


336  THE    RANGE    OF    PLACOSTYLUS, 

yet  possess  of  the  contour  of  the  floor  of  the  South  Pacific  does  not 
enable  us  to  trace  its  margin. 

Eastwards  of  Fiji,  the  molluscan  fauna  indicates  the  abrupt 
termination  of  the  Melanesian  Plateau.  Between  the  Samoas  and 
Pijis  a  sounding  of  2600  fathoms  has  been  obtained.  Significant 
of  this  is  the  absence  of  Placostylus  from  Savaii,  Upolu  or  Tutuila. 
The  Samoan  Islands  appear  as  well  fitted  as  the  Fijian  to  nourish 
an  extensive  series  of  Placostylus.  They  are  large,  densely  wooded, 
with  a  warm,  moist  and  equable  climate.  The  distance  from 
their  western  neighbours  is  no  greater  than  from  the  latter  to  tlie 
groups  to  the  westward,  and  not  to  be  compared  to  the  spaces 
between  New  Caledonia  and  Lord  Howe  or  New  Zealand,  which 
have  proved  no  obstacle  to  the  spread  of  the  genus.  Yet  the 
Samoas  possess  a  distinctly  oceanic  mollusc  fauna  comparable  to 
that  of  Tahiti,  while  the  mollusc  fauna  of  the  Fijis  is  as  distinctly 
continental. 

On  the  westward  we  learn  from  the  "  Challenger "  soundings 
that  about  the  20th  parallel  a  bank  of  a  maximum  depth  of 
1300  fathoms  connects  the  Melanesian  Plateau  with  the  Great 
Barrier  Reef.  This  bank  was  not  actually  plumbed,  but  its 
existence  is  inferred  from  the  fact  that  soundings  in  the  Coral  Sea 
diminished  in  temperature  down  to  1300  fathoms,  and  below  that 
level  to  2450  fathoms  the  thermometer  readings  were  stationary. 
The  inrush  of  cold  water  from  the  Antarctic  abyss  is  therefore 
stopped  by  banks,  whose  lowest  depth  is  1300  fathoms,  hemming  in 
the  abyss  of  the  Coral  Sea.  But  the  canal  whose  floor  is  the  1300 
fathom  level  may  lie,  not  between  the  Great  Barrier  Reef  and 
New  Caledonia,  but  at  the  head  of  the  gulf  between  the  Loyalties 
and  the  New  Hebrides. 

Wallace,in  his  "Island  Life," advances  the  theory '^•' that  Australia 
and  New  Zealand  were  formerly  connected  by  a  bridge  of  dry  land 

*"  Confining  ourselves  strictly  to  the  direct  relations  between  the  plants 
of  New  Zealand  and  of  Australia,  ....  I  think  I  may  claim  to  have 
shown  that  the  union  between  the  two  countries  in  the  latter  {jart  of  the 
Secondary  epoch  ....  does  sufficiently  account  for  all  the  main 
features  of  the  New  Zealand  Flora"  ;  ^nd  Ed.  p.  506. 


BY   C.  HEDLEY,  337 

occupying  somewhat  the  position  of  the  Caledonian-Barrier  bank. 
This  theory  is  totally  opposed  to  the  distribution  of  t\\e  Placostylus 
in  particular  and  of  the  Melanesian  mollusc-fauna  in  general. 
"Were  it  true,  then  Lord  Howe,  the  furthest  western  outpost  of 
the  Melanesian  Plateau,  would  be  tenanted  by  forms  bearing  some 
resemblance  to  Queensland  mollusca.  Had  the  stream  of  life 
reached  Lord  Howe  from  the  north-west  instead  of  from  the  north- 
east, then  Placostylus  would  have  been  replaced  by  Hadra  ami 
Chloritis,  while  Pupina  and  Relicina  would  have  been  substituted 
for  Realia  and  Omphalotropis. 

The  various  islands  inhabited  by  Placostylus  would  seem  to 
have  been  joined,  if  not  into  one  continuous  and  contemporaneous 
whole,  yet  into  larger  fragments,  which,  temporarily  united, 
allowed  the  passage  of  snails  from  one  tract  to  another.  Should 
it  be  proved  that  the  islands  occupied  by  Placostylus  are  now 
sundered  by  deeper  channels  than  that  between  Australia 
and  the  Melanesian  plateau,  even  that  would  not  defeat  the 
argument  of  their  former  union  and  of  their  eternal  separation 
from  Australia.  Not  the  depth  but  the  permanence  of  the  ocean 
is  the  real  limit  to  the  distribution  of  forms  of  life.  The  geology 
of  the  Solomon-New  Zealand  arc,  imperfectly  as  it  is  yet  read, 
shows  a  most  tempestuous  record  of  lands  now  sunk  in  the 
stillest  ocean  deeps  and  anon  flung  into  lofty  mountain  ranges. 
The  history  of  the  North-East  Australian  coast  exhibits  no  such 
vicissitudes,  but  it  appears  to  have  retained  its  present  outline  for 
long  ages  past.  The  channel  joining  the  abysses  of  the  Coral  and 
of  the  Tasman  Seas  would  therefore  be  more  permanent  than 
channels,  possibly  deeper,  intersecting  the  Melanesian  plateau. 

The  genus  Placostylus  divides  itself  naturally  into  halves.  The 
southern  portion  are  inhabitants  of  New  Caledonia,  Lord  Howe 
and  New  Zealand.  Almost  all  are  heavy  massive  shells,  dark  in 
colour,  confined  to  the  ground  by  the  mere  weight  of  the  shell 
and  singularly  unfitted  to  cross  distant  seas  by  any  means  that 
I  can  imagine.  The  northern  portion  are  usually  tree  dwellers, 
the  shell  of  a  light  sti'ucture  and  sometimes  brilliantly  coloured. 
Between    New   Zealand   and   Fiji  a  line  of  soundings   has  been 


338  THE    RANGE    OF    PLACOSTYLUS, 

I'ecorded  of  over  2000  fathoms,  while  between  New  Caledonia 
and  the  New  Hebrides  two  soundings  of  2650  and  of  2525 
fathoms  would  indicate  that  a  gulf  running  south-east  from  the 
Coral  Sea  here  intervenes.  The  differences  between  the  northern 
and  southern  types  of  Placostylus  are  supplemented  by  other 
features  of  their  respective  mollusc  faunas.  The  northern  type 
is  everywhere  accompanied  by  Trochomorflm^  which  is  never 
associated  with  the  southern.  Species  of  the  so-called  Melanopsis 
occur  in  New  Zealand  and  in  New  Caledonia,  but  are  unknown  in 
the  northern  archipelagoes.  These  scanty  data  appear  to  show 
that  early  in  the  history  of  the  existing  fauna  the  Melanesian 
plateau  was  rent  in  twain  and  has  never  since  been  united. 

The  forms  of  Placostylus  inhabiting  the  Fijis  resemble  in 
shape  and  colour  sundry  of  the  Solomon  Island  species.  Thus 
elobatus  from  Levuka  and  christovalensis  from  San  Christoval 
are  much  alike,  both  in  shape  and  colour-pattern,  and  seemanni 
from  Kandavu  finds  a  close  parallel  in  macfarlandi  from  the 
Solomons.  The  remainder  of  the  land  mollusca  of  each 
archipelago  contribute  further  evidence  of  affinity,  thus  Nanina 
nitidissima  from  the  Solomons  resembles  N.  casca  from  Fiji ;  both 
areas  also  possess  a  Pwpina.  Such  affinity  would  wari'ant  the 
deduction  that  the  Solomons  were  the  source  of  the  Fijian 
moUuscan  fauna  ;  theugh  the  former  group  had  probably  not  then 
received  from  Papua  the  newer  genera  of  Chloritis  and  Pajmina. 
Eastwards  from  the  Melanesian  plateau  Placostylus  was  unable  to 
extend  its  range  ;  but  its  derivative  and  representative  Partula, 
together  with  other  Melanesian  emigrants,  ^wc/oc/o^i  to,  Tornatellina, 
Helicina,  and  similar  minute  forms,  drifting  eastwards  from 
island  to  island,  colonised  the  oceanic  groups  of  the  south-east 
Pacific. 

Summary. — I  would  remark,  firstly,  on  the  essential  unity  of 
the  Placostylus  area  as  a  zoological  province,  embracing  the 
archipelagoes  of  Solomon,  Fiji,  New  Hebrides,  Loyalty,  New 
Caledonia,  Norfolk  I.  (1),  Lord  Howe  and  New  Zealand  ;  a  unity 
explicable    only   on    the    theory    that    they    form    portions  of   a 


BY    C.   HEDLEV.  339 

shattered  continent  and  are  connected  by  shallow  banks  formerly 
dry  land.  This  continental  area  I  ])ropose  to  call  the  Melanesian 
plateau.  Secondly,  that  this  Melanesian  plateau  was  never 
connected  with,  nor  populated  from  Australia ;  probably  its  fauna 
was  derived  from  Papua  via  New  Britain.  The  pi-esence  of 
genera  common  to  Australia  and  New  Zealand  is  explicable  on 
the  ground  that  they  migrated,  not  from  the  one  territory  to  the 
other,  but  each  from  a  common  source,  New  Guinea.  Thirdly, 
that  New  Zealand  and  New  Caledonia  were  early  separated  fi'om 
the  northern  archipelagoes  and  ceased  to  receive  overland  immi- 
grants therefrom.  Fourthly,  that  the  Fijis  remained  to  a  later 
date  in  communication  with  the  Solomons,  but  were  severed  from 
that  group  before  the  latter  had  acquired  from  Papua  much  of  its 
present  fauna. 


3-40       JOTTINGS  FROM  SYDNEY  UNIVERSITY  BIOLOGICAL  LABORATORY, 


JOTTINGS  FROM  THE  BIOLOGICAL  LABORATORY  OF 
SYDNEY  UNIVERSITY. 

By  Professor  William  A.  Haswell,  M.A.,  D.Sc. 

No.  17.     Three  Zoological  Novelties. 

I.    The  occurrence  of  a  .second  species  of  Phoronis  in  Port 
Jackson. 

Phoronis  australis,  shortly  characterised  by  me  some  years  ago* 
and  more  recently  described  in  detail  by  Benhara,t  differs  widely 
from  all  the  known  European  species,  not  only  in  its  relatively 
gigantic  size  (two  and  a  half  to  five  inches),  but  also  in  the  form 
of  the  lophophore  and  the  arrangement  of  the  tentacles.  In  these 
respects  it  approaches  a  species  obtained  by  the  "  Challenger"  Expe- 
dition to  the  south  of  the  Philippines,  and  described  by  Mcintosh; 
in  the  "  Reports  "  under  the  name  of  Phoronis  Buskii.  Phoronis 
australis  has  only  been  found  in  one  part  of  Port  Jackson — far  up 
opposite  the  promontory  of  Ball's  Head,  in  a  depth  of  about  12 
fathoms.  Its  mode  of  occurrence  is  extremely  remarkable,  and, 
as  both  Benham  and  Cori§  have  misunderstood  my  statements!]  on 
the  subject,  it  may  be  well  to  repeat  them  here. 

Phoronis  australis  occurs  in  communities  of  twenty  or  thirty 
in  spaces  in  the  substance  of  the  wall  of  the  tube  inhabited  and 
formed  by  a  species  of  Cerianthus.      Each  worm  has  a  tube  of  its 

''  '  P.L.S.N.S.W.'  Vol.  vii.  (1S82). 

+  '  Quart.  Jouni.  Micro.  Set.'  Vol.  xxx.  (1889). 

+  "  Zoology,"  Vol.  xxvii.  (ISSS). 

§  '  Zeitschr.  f.  wiss.  Zool.'  li.  Bd.  (1891). 

II  '  P.L.S.N.S.W.'  Vol.  ix.  p.  1019  (1884). 


BY    AVILLIAM    A.  HASWELL.  341 

own,  very  delicate  and  ti-ansparent,  made  up  of  several  layers — the 
mouth  opening  on  the  outer  surface  of  the  tube  of  the  Cerianthus. 
The  Cerianthus  tubes  sometimes  come  up  empty,  as  we  should 
naturally  expect — the  anemone  having  dropped  out ;  but  a  suffi- 
cient number  of  occupied  tubes  are  found  to  show  that  under 
ordinary  circumstances  a  living  Cerianthus  occupies  the  interior 
of  the  tube,  and  a  community  of  Phorones  live  in  its  wall.  This 
species  of  Phoronis  is  never  found  anywhere  else ;  and  the  species 
of  Cerianthus  is  very  rarely  found  without  the  Phorones. 

1  had  long  since  observed  two  kinds  of  Actinotrocha  on  the  surface 
of  Port  Jackson,  differing  considerably  not  only  in  size  but  in  other 
respects  ;  but  the  second  adult  form  was  only  found  recently.  It 
was  dredged  some  weeks  ago  in  considerable  abundance  in  the 
same  locality  as  that  inhabited  by  the  large  species,  growing 
thickly  over  empty  mussel  shells.  This  second  species  is  no 
larger  than  the  European  kinds,  being  only  about  a  half  to  three- 
quarters  of  an  inch  in  length.  The  tubes  are  membranaceous, 
tough  and  flexible,  almost  hyaline,  closely  twisted  together.  On 
a  comparison  with  the  descriptions  of  the  European  species  I  can 
find  hardly  any  point  of  any  importance  to  distinguish  the  Port 
Jackson  form  from  P.  psammophila  of  Cori  from  Messina  ;  the 
number  of  tentacles  is  greater  (about  100),  and  there  are  no  sand- 
grains  affixed  to  the  tubes  ;  but  these  are  perhaps  not  constant 
diffiirences. 

II.  An  Alloioccele  Turbellarian  inhabiting  the  underground 
waters  of  Canterbury,  New  Zealand. 
The  Alloioccele  Turbellaria  hitherto  known  are  all,  with  only 
two  exceptions,  inhabitants  of  the  sea.  The  exceptions  are 
Plagiostoma  Lemani,  Forel  et  Duplessis,  and  Monotus  meso- 
pharynx,  Diesing — the  former  found  at  depths  of  2  to  300  metres 
in  various  of  the  Swiss  lakes,  the  latter — the  position  of  which  is, 
however,  very  doubtful — at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.*  I'he  occur- 
rence, therefore,  of  a  fresh- water  representative  of  this  group  in 
New  Zealand  is  of  considerable  interest. 

(1)  Von  Graff,  "  Monographie  der  Turbellarien,"  I.  Rhabdoccelida,. 


342       JOTTINGS  FROM  SYDNEY  UNIVERSITY  BIOLOGICAL  LABORATORY. 

I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Chas.  Chilton,  B.A.,  of  Port  Chalmers, 
New  Zealand,  for  specimens  of  this  very  interesting  Turbellarian, 
obtained  from  deep  wells  in  two  localities  about  a  hundred  miles 
apart  in  the  province  of  Canterbury.  All  are  devoid  of  eyes  and 
completely  destitute  of  pigment.  They  are  of  comparatively  large 
size,  the  largest  being  nearly  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length.  A 
detailed  account  of  them  will  be  published  shortly. 

III.  A  new  genus  of  the  Temnocejihalece. 

Temnocephala  is  such  an  aberrant  member  of  the  Platyhelminthes 
that  the  discovery  of  a  related  form  is  of  considerable  interest. 
In  Temnocephala  there  are  at  the  anterior  end  of  the  body  a 
number  (four  to  six)  of  long  slender  tentacles  ;  at  the  opposite 
end  a  large  ventral  sucker.  In  the  new  genus,  which  I 
propose  to  call  Actinodactylus,  twelve  tentacles  are  present 
distributed  along  the  lateral  margins  of  the  body  and  radiating 
outwards  from  it.  A  ventral  sucker  occupies  the  same  position  as 
in  Temnocephala.  Eyes  are  completely  absent ;  but  in  most  other 
respects  the  resemblance  to  Temnocephala  is  fairly  close.  The 
new  form  occurs  in  the  branchial  cavities  of  Engceiis  fossor,  the 
burrowing  land-crayfish  of  Gippsland. 

Postscript. — Since  the  above  was  written  I  have  had  the  oppor- 
tunity of  examining  living  specimens  of  Actinodactylus,  and 
certain  features  not  recognised  in  the  alcohol  specimens  separate 
the  new  form  so  widely  from  Temnocephala  that  I  do  not  think 
that  it  can  be  included  in  the  same  family.  An  account  of  this 
remarkable  new  form  will  be  published  in  the  Macleay  Memorial 
Volume. 


343 


OBSERVATIONS   UPON  THE  ANATOMY  OF   THE 
MUZZLE  OF  ORNITHORHYNCHUS* 

By   J.    T.    Wilson,  M.B.,    Professor    op    Anatomy    in    the 

University  of  Sydney,  and   C.  J.  Martin,  M.B.,  B.Sc, 

Demonstrator  of    Physiology    in    the    University    of 
Sydney. 


ON  THE  PECULIAR  ROD-LIKE  TACTILE  ORGANS  IN 
THE  INTEGUMENT  AND  MUCOUS  MEMBRANE 
OF  THE  MUZZLE  OF  ORNITHORHYNCHUS* 

By  J.  T.  Wilson,  M.B.,  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the 
University  of  Sydney,  and  C.  J.  Martin,  M.B.  B.Sc, 
Demonstrator  of  Physiology  in  the  University  of 
Sydney. 


*  These  papers  will  be  published  in  the  Macleay  Memorial  Volume. 


344 


NOTES    AND    EXHIBITS. 


Mr.  Brazier  exhibited,  in  a  good  state  of* preservation,  a  copy  of  a 
very  old  work,  Index  Testarum  Conchylio7'um,  by  Gualtier,  printed 
and  published  in  Florence,  Italy,  in  1742.  Also  a  specimen  of 
Cassis  nana,  Tenison-Woods,  from  Ballina,  Richmond  River,  the 
first  record  of  this  species  from  the  N.S.W.  coast,  the  type  having 
been  found  at  Moreton  Bay  by  the  late  Mr.  C.  Coxen.  Also 
examples  of  Murex  octogonus,  Quoy,  from  Auckland,  received  from 
Professor  Hutton,  and  of  M.  umbilicatus,  Tenison-Woods,  from 
South  Australia ;  the  latter  was  named  M.  scalaris  by  A.  Adams 
in  1853,  but  the  name  being  preoccupied,  that  of  umbilicatus, 
T. -Woods,  must  be  reverted  to. 

Mr.  J.  H.  Maiden  exhibited  fruits  and  seeds  of  the  following 
from  Bellenden  Ker  Range,  N.  Queensland  : — Garcinia  mestoni, 
Bail.  ;  "  Coohoy,"  Cryptocarya  pafmerstoni,  Bail.  ;  C.  insignis, 
Bail. ;  Eloiocarpus  bancrofti,  F.v.M.  et  Bail.  Also  from  the 
Herbert  River,  fruits  of  the  "  Herbert  River  Cherry,"  Antidesma 
dallacliyanumi,  Bail.,  ( Euj)horbiacece ). 

Mr.  A.  G.  Hamilton  sent  for  exhibition  photographs  of  the 
trunk  of  a  fossil  tree  in  situ  in  the  l»ank  of  American  Creek,  Mt. 
Kembla,  Illawarra,  355  feet  below  the  4-foot  seam  of  coal.  The 
tree  is  embedded  in  soft  coarse  sandstone  underlying  a  bed  of 
clayey  shale  of  considerable  thickness.  Six  to  ten  feet  below  is  a 
larger  trunk  under  water  in  the  bed  of  the  creek.  The  trunks  lie 
horizontally,  or  nearly  so,  in  the  matrix.  All  the  creeks  in  the 
neighbourhood  contain  many  loose  blocks  of  fossil  wood  among 
the  stones  in  their  beds. 

Mr.  W.  W.  Froggatt  exhibited  leaves  of  Eucalyptus  obtusifolia 
attacked  by  an  undetermined  coccid,  which  forms  little  pits  in 
the  leaves  and  twigs  in  which  it  buries  itself,  the  pits  after- 
wards turning  into  large  blisters. 

Mr.  Harry  Stockdale  exhibited,  and  made  some  remarks  upon, 
three  oil-paintings — portion  of  a  series  intended  for  the  Chicago 


NOTES    AND    EXHIBITS.  345 

Exhibition — illustrative  of  the  mode  of  the  disposal  of  the  dead  in 
vogue  among  the  aborigines  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Alligator 
River,  Port  Essington. 

Mr.  Baker  showed  drawings  and  specimens  of  the  Tarrielia 
referred  to  in  his  paper,  together  with  microscopic  preparations. 

Professor  Wilson  and  Dr.  Martin  showed  series  of  micro-photo- 
graphs, sections,  and  dissections  illustrative  of  the  anatomical 
characters  of  the  muzzle  of  the  Ornithorhynchns,  described  in 
their  papers. 

Mr.  A.  Sidney  Olliff  exhibited  photographs  of  some  remarkable 
native  gods  at  Banks  Island  in  the  New  Hebrides. 


Mr.  John  Mitchell  communicated  the  following  "  Note  on  the 
occurrence  of  certain  fossils  in  previously  unrecorded  localities  in 
N.8. VV.,  with  remarks  on  the  correlation  of  certain  beds  in  the 
Newcastle  and  lUawarra  districts." 

Thimifehlia  odontopter aides,  Feistni. — Some  months  back  I 
oljtained  a  good  specimen  of  this  fossil  from  a  cutting  on  the  main 
Southern  Road  at  Razorback.  Long  ago  the  Rev.  W.  B.  Clarke 
1  ecorded  it  from  Clark's  Hill  near  Cobbity,  associated  with  several 
other  fossil  fei-ns  that  have  not  since  been  met  with  by  any  other 
collector  ;  and  doubts  are  entertained  in  some  quarters  whether 
in  the  case  of  Odontopteris  micropkylln,  McCoy,  there  was  not  a 
mistake  in  quoting  it  from  this  locality.  Specimens  which  I  have 
lately  collected  at  Glenlee  will  tend  to  confirm  Clarke's  quotation. 
Razorback  is  about  eight  miles  southerly  from  Clark's  Hill  and 
on  the  same  horizon  of  the  Wianamatta  series.  I  have  obtained 
what  appear  to  be  fragments  of  the  same  fossil  from  a  railway 
cutting  near  Glenlee. 

MacroUenurpterls. — I  have  collected  several  specimens  of  this 
fossil  from  the  railway  cutting  opposite  Glenlee  homestead,  con- 
tained in  a  very  dark  friable  carbonaceous  shale. 

Tcenio]Aeri^. — From  a  railway  cutting  near  Glenlee. 


346  NOTES    AND    EXHIBITS 

Sphenopteris,  Pecopteris,  and  Alethopteris. — From  Glenlee  I  have 
collected  specimens  of  each  of  these  genera  embracing  of  the  first 
two  several  species.  This  discovery  of  Pecopteris  is  of  considerable 
interest.  The  only  Pecopteris,  as  far  as  I  am  aware,  described 
from  the  Wianamatta  Beds  up  to  the  present  time  is  the  very 
doubtful  P.  tenuifoUa,  McCoy,  from  Clark's  Hill. 

Neuropteris. — From  Glenlee.  Several  specimens  by  their 
neuration  appear  to  belong  to  this  genus. 

Odontopteris. — Among  the  specimens  from  Glenlee  are  some 
that  I  must  rank  in  this  genus,  for  the  present,  notwithstanding 
that  it  is  such  a  pronounced  carboniferous  one.  One  of  my 
specimens  bears  some  resemblance  in  the  form  of  the  pinnules  to 
a  Rhacopteris ;  but  the  venation  is  too  indistinct  to  admit  of 
determination  ;  and  as  the  genus  has  not  been  met  with  above  the 
Lower  Carboniferous  Beds,  up  to  the  present,  to  do  more  than  note 
the  resemblance  would  not  be  prudent.  From  the  same  locality 
are  a  number  of  pinnules  I  am  unable  to  identify  ;  but  I  have  little 
doubt  that  some  of  them  are  referable  to  the  genus  Podozamites. 
All  are  from  the  Wianamatta  Beds. 

The  specimens  will  be  described  later  on. 

On  the  sea-shore  near  the  Bellambi  Jetty  (Illawarra)  in  July 
last,  from  a  fragment  of  rock  appai-ently  washed  from  the  reef 
stretching  out  from  Bellambi  Point,  I  obtained  Glossoj)teris  linearis, 
G.  densinervis  (?),  and  other  species  which  appear  to  be  G.  tencmp- 
teroides  and  G.  gangamopteroides,  and  one  other  which  in  the 
character  of  its  venation  difters  so  much  from  all  the  Australian 
species  figured  by  Feistmantel*  that  I  am  inclined  to  believe  it  will 
turn  out  to  be  a  new  species.  Associated  with  the  above  is  Nogger- 
athiopsis,  and  some  impressions  bear  a  strong  resemblance  to 
Gangamopteris.  The  occurrence  of  these  fossils  (some  of  which 
are  characteristic  of  the  Newcastle  Beds),  and  the  outcrop  of  the 
Upper  Marine  Beds  at  Wollongong,  leave  little  room  to  doubt 
that  the  Newcastle  and  Illawarra  Coal  Beds  are  identical. 


*  Coal  and  Plant-bearing  Beds  of  PaUvozoic  and  Mesozoic  Age  in  Eastern 
Australia,  &c.     Published  by  Department  of  Mines,  N.S.W. 


NOTES    AND    EXHIBITS.  347 

In  June,  1890,  in  company  with  Mr.  Englehardt,  I  examined 
the  Upper  Marine  Beds  at  Jamberoo,  and  found  the  common 
fossils  identical  with  those  most  common  in  the  same  beds  at 
Campbell's  Hill,  West  Maitland.  On  Stockyard  Mountain,  and 
about  700  feet  above  the  Marine  Beds,  and  immediately  beneath 
what  is  there  known,  in  descending  order,  as  the  second  coal-seam, 
we  found  a  Glossopteris  Bed,  in  which  I  recognised  a  number  of 
the  Newcastle  species,  together  with  Vertebraria  australis,  and 
Pliyllotheca  australis.  These  fossils  are  incontestible  proofs  of 
the  identity  of  the  Southern  Coal-bearing  Beds  with  the  Newcastle 
Beds. 

Mr.  Geological  Surveyor  David  (now  Prof.  David)  in  the 
annual  report  of  the  Department  of  Mines,  N.S.W.,  for  1890, 
declares  the  Newcastle  and  Illawarra  Beds  to  be  identical ;  but  if 
I  mistake  not,  his  opinion  was  arrived  at  from  other  evidence 
than  the  occurrence  in  the  Illawarra  district  of  the  typical 
Newcastle  fossil  flora. 


24 


348 


WEDNESDAY,  SEPTEMBER  26th,  1892. 


Mr.  Henry  Deane,  M.A.,  Vice-President,  in  the  Chair. 


Mr.  Henry  Richards,  Leichhardt,  and  Mr.  A.  Lea,  Dept.  of 
Agriculture,  Sydney,  were  elected  Members  of  the  Society. 


DONATIONS. 

"Journal  of  the  Linnean  Society  of  London— Botany."  Vol. 
xxvi.  No.  176;  Vol.  xxviii.  Nos.  194-196;  Vol.  xxix.  Nos.  197- 
201  :  "  Zoology."  Vol.  xxiii.  No.  148  ;  Vol.  xxiv.  Nos.  149-151 : 
"Proceedings."  November,  1888,-June,  1890  :  "List  of  Fellows." 
1891-92.     From  the  Society. 

"  Royal  Society  of  London— Proceedings."  Vol.  1.  Nos.  306-307 
(1892)  ;  Vol.  li.  Nos.  308-310  and  312  (1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Australian  Museum,  Sydney — Records."  Vol.  ii.  Nos.  2  and 
3  (August,  1892).     From  the  Trustees. 

"  Royal  Geographical  Society  of  Australasia,  Queensland  Branch 
— Proceedings  and  Transactions."  Vol.  vii.  Part  2  (1891-92). 
From  the  Society. 


DONATIONS.  349 

"  The  Pharmaceutical  Journal  of  Australasia."  Vol.  v.  No.  8 
(August,  1892).     From  the  Editor. 

"  Geological  Society  of  London — Quarterly  Journal.  Vol.  xlviii. 
No.  191  (August,  1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Societe  d'Horticulture  du  Doubs,  Besan9on — Bulletin."  Nou- 
velle  Serie,  Nos.  19-20  (July  and  August,  1892).    From  the  Society. 

"  Naturwissenschaftlicher  Verein  des  Regierungs-Bezirks, 
Frankfurt  a/0  "  :  "  Monatliche  Mittheilungen."  vii.  Jahrgang, 
Nr.  3-12  (June,  1889,-March,  1890);  viii.  Jahrgang,  Nr.  1-3 
und  12  (April-June,  1890,  and  March,  1891):  "Helios."  ix. 
Jahrgang,  Nr.  1-6  (April-September,  1891):  "  Societatum  Lit- 
terje."  iii.  Jahrgang,  Nr.  4-12  (April-December,  1889);  iv. 
Jahrgang,  Nr.  1-6  (January- June,  1890);  v.  Jahrgang,  Nr.  2-8 
(February -August,  1891).     From  the  Society. 

"College  of  Science,  Imperial  University,  Japan — Journal" 
Vol.  V.  Part  2  (1892).     From  the  University. 

"  Royal  Society  of  Tasmania  —  Abstracts  for  April-August, 
1892."     From  the  Society. 

"  Societe  Beige  de  Microscopic — Annales."  T.  vii.-x.  (1880-84) ; 
T.  xvi.  (1892):  "Bulletin."  T.  xi.-xiii.  (1884-87).  From  the 
Society. 

"  Hooker's  Icones  Plantarum."  Fourth  Series,  Vol.  ii.  Part  1 
(July,  1892).     From  the  Bentham  Trustees. 

"  Royal  Irish  Academy— Transactions."  Vol.  xxix.  Part  18 
(1892);  "Proceedings."  Third  Series,  Vol.  ii.  No.  1  (1892). 
Froin  the  Society. 

"Geological  and  Natural  History  Survey  of  Canada — Catalogue 
of  Canadian  Plants."  Part  vi. — Musci.  By  J.  Macoun,  M.A., 
F.L.S.,  F.R.C.S.  (1892).     From  the  Director. 


350  DONATIONS. 

"Victorian  Naturalist."  Vol.  ix.  No.  5  (September,  1892). 
From  the  Field  Natu7'alists'  Cluh  of  Victoria. 

"  Zoologischer  Anzeiger."  xv.  Jahrg.,  Nos.  397-398  (August, 
1892).     From  the  Editor. 

"The  Perak  Government  Gazette."  Vol.  v.  Nos.  23-27  (July 
August,  1892).     From  the  Govermnent  Secretary. 

"American  Naturalist."  Vol.  xxv.,  No.  300  (December,  1891)  ; 
Vol.  xxvi.,  No.  308  (August,  1892).     From  the  Editors. 

"  American  Geographical  Society — Bulletin."  Vol.  xxiv.  No.  2 
(June,  1892).     From  the  Society. 

"Smithsonian  Institution  — United  States  National  Museum — 
Report  for  1890."  pp.  253-383,  395-680  :  "Proceedings."  Vol. 
XV.  Nos.  889-904  (1892) :  "Bulletin."  No.  39,  Parts  F.  and  G. 
(1892).     From  the  Museum. 

"Kansas  University  Quarterly."  Vol.  i.  No.  1  (July,  1892). 
From  the  University. 

"  Soci6t^  Entomologique  de  France — Annales."  G''  Serie,  Tome 
x"^«  (1890-91).     From  the  Society. 

"Journal  de  Conchyliologie."  3®  Serie,  Tome  xxxi.  Nos.  1-4 
(1891).     From  the  Director. 

"  Societe  Zoologique  de  France — Bulletin."  Tome  xvi.,  No.  3 
(March,  1891):  "  Memoires."  Tome  iii.  No.  5  (1890).  From 
the  Society. 

"Societe  des  Sciences  Naturelles  de  I'Ouest  de  la  France — 
Bulletin."     T.  i.-ii.,  Nos.  1-2  (1891-92).     From  the  Society. 

"  Societe  Linneenne  de  Normandie — Bulletin."  4^  Serie,  Vols, 
iv.-v.     (1891-92).     From  the  Society. 

"  Societe  d'Etudes  Scientifiques  d' Angers — Bulletin."  Nouvelle 
Serie,  xx"^  Annee  (1890).     From  the  Society. 


DONATIONS.  351 

"  Viclenskabs-Selskabet  i  Christiania  —  Forhandlinger."  Aar 
1886,  1888,  and  1890.     From  the  Society. 

"  Academie  Royale  des  Sciences  et  des  Lettres  de  Daneniark, 
Copenhague — Bulletin  pour  1891."  No.  3  (October-December); 
"  Bulletin  pour  1892."  No.  1  (January-February).  From  the 
Academy. 

"American  Museum  of  Natural  History — Bulletin."  Vol.  iv. 
No.  1  (July,  1892).     From  the  Museum. 

"  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Harvard  College — Bulle- 
tin."    Vol.  xxiii.  No.  3  (June,  1892).     Fro7n  the  Ctirator. 

"Zoological  Society  of  London — Proceedings  for  1892."  Part 
ii.  (August  1st).     From  the  Society. 

"Agricultural  Gazette  of  N.S.VV."  Vol.  iii.  Part  8  (August, 
1892).     From  the  Director  of  Agricultiore. 

"  Physical  Geography  and  Climate  of  N.S.W."  2nd  Edition 
(1892).  By  H.  C.  Russell,  B.A.,  C.M.G.,  F.R.S.  :  "President's 
Address  delivered  at  the  Royal  Society  of  N.S.W."  (May,  1892 j. 
By  H.  C.  Russell,  B.A.,  C.M.G.,  F.R.S.     From  the  Author. 

Two  pamphlets  entitled — "  Note  on  the  Nidification  of  Manu- 
codia  comrii,  Sclater,"  and  "  Additions  to  the  Avifaunas  of 
Tasmania  and  Norfolk  and  Lord  Howe  Islands."  By  A.  J. 
North,  F.L.S.     From  the  Author. 

"University  of  Melbourne — Calendar  for  1893."  From  the 
Council. 

"  Free  Public  Library,  Melbourne — Report  of  the  Trustees  for 
1891";  "Catalogue  of  Newspapers,  Magazines,  &c."  From  the 
Librarian,  Public  Library,  Melbourne. 

"  Australasian  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 
Hobart,  Tasmania  (January,  1892) — Proceedings  of  Section  D" 
Two  Sheets.     From  the  Secretary. 


DONATIONS.  352 

"  Australasian  Journal  of  Pharmacy."  "Vol.  vii.  No.  81  (Sep- 
tember, 1892).     From  the  Editor. 

"Department  of  Agriculture,  Brisbane — Bulletin."  No.  19 
(September,  1892).     From  the  Under  Secretary  for  Agriculture. 

Two  conchological  pamphlets  entitled — "On  the  Land-Shells 
of  St.  Helena ;  and  On  the  Shells  of  the  Victoria  Nyanza  or  Lake 
Oukerewe."     By  E.  A.  Smith.     From  the  Author. 

"  Queensland  Museum — Annual  Report  of  the  Trustees  for 
1891."     From  the  Tr\ 


"Royal  Microscopical  Society — Journal  for  1892."     Part  ii. 
(August).     From  the  Society. 


PAPERS    READ. 

DESCRIPTION   OF  A   NEW   UAKEA   FROM 
EASTERN    NEW    SOUTH   WALES.* 

By  Baron  von  Mueller,  K.C.M.G.,  M.  &  Ph.D.,  F.R.S.,  and 
J.  H.  Maiden,  F.L.S.,  F.C.S. 


*  This  Paper  will  appear  in  the  Macleay  Memorial  Volume. 


353 


NOTES  ON  THE  FAMILY  BRAGHYSGELIDyE,  WITH 
SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THEIR  PARASITES,  AND 
DESCRIPTIONS  OF  NEW  SPECIES. 

Part  I. 

By  Walter  W.  Froggatt,  Technological  Museum,  Sydney. 

(Plates  vi.-vn.) 

These  curious  woody-gall-forming  coccids,  one  of  the  most  well- 
defined  and  interesting  groups  of  the  Coccididce,  were  until  lately 
said  to  be  peculiar  to  Australia  ;  but  in  a  recent  paper  Mr.  W.  M. 
Maskell*  places  in  this  family  the  genus  Carteria,  several  species 
of  which  have  been  described  from  America,  and  he  forms  several 
new  genera  for  the  reception  of  allied  forms  found  chiefly  on  the 
Casuarinas  and  Melaleucas  of  this  country.  The  members  of  the 
genus  Brachyscelis  are  distinctly  Australian,  confining  their  attacks 
to  the  Eucalypts,  and  at  one  time  I  believed  that  each  species  of 
coccid  had  a  partiality  for  a  particular  species  of  Eucalyptus,  but 
observations  extending  over  several  years  have  proved  that,  though 
some  of  the  rarer  species  may  keep  to  one  tree,  most  of  them 
thrive  on  various  Eucalypts  ;  Brachyscelis  ovicola,  Schrader,  one 
of  our  commonest  species,  has  a  very  wide  range  over  the  southern 
parts  of  Australia,  and  is  found  on  at  least  a  dozen  very  different 
sorts  of  Eucalypts. 

Mr.  H.  L.  Schrader,  a  resident  of  Sydney,  was  the  first  to 
record  observations  on  this  group  in  two  interesting  communica- 
tions to  the  Entomological  Society  of  New  South  Wales  in  1862.t 

*  Trans,  and  Proc.  of  the  New  Zealand  Institute,  1891,  Vol.  xxiv. 
t  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  N.S.W.  1862,  Vol.  i.  pp.  1  and  6. 


354  NOTES    ON    THE    FAMILY    BRACHYSCELIDvE, 

In  these  papers  he  described  a  number  of  the  common  species, 
illustrated  with  numerous  drawings.  These,  or  almost  identical, 
papers  were  afterwards  published  in  Germany.* 

Finding  that  these  Brachyscelid  galls  were  much  subject  to  the 
attacks  of  parasitic  Hymenoptei'a,  I  tirst  collected  them  while 
studying  the  habits  of  the  Chalcididce  for  the  inquilines  they 
might  contain,  but  becoming  interested  in  their  curious  homes,  I 
have  obtained  a  large  amount  of  material  from  various  parts  of 
Australia,  and  have  made  so  many  observations  both  on  the 
coccids  and  on  their  parasites  that  I  think  it  desirable  that  both 
should  be  published  together. 

The  field  is  large,  and  I  still  have  the  promise  of  much  new 
material  from  additional  sources,  hence  in  the  present  communica- 
tion I  propose  to  deal  only  with  the  genus  Brachyscelis,  leaving 
the  allied  genera  Opisthocelis  and  Ascelis  for  future  treatment. 
Accordingly,  for  completeness,  I  have  re-described  all  Schrader's 
species,  and  have  added  eight  new  species  from  material  obtained 
from  various  parts  of  Australia. 

To  the  following  gentlemen,  and  others  mentioned  in  the  paper, 
I  am  greatly  indebted  for  specimens,  for  the  identification  of  the 
Eucalypts  or  general  information,  namely,  Mr.  J.  J.  Fletcher, 
Mr.  J.  H.  Maiden,  Curator  of  the  Technological  Museum,  his 
assistant  Mr.  R.  T.  Baker,  and  Mr.  R.  Thornton,  of  Newcastle, 
while  to  the  kindness  of  Mr.  A.  Sidney  Ollifi",  Government 
Entomologist,  I  am  indebted  the  use  of  a  series  of  drawings 
of  Brachyscelid  galls  prepared  by  his  assistant,  Mr.  C.  Fuller,  of 
the  Department  of  Agriculture. 

The  male  galls  are  small  tube-like  excrescences  with  the  apex 
dilated  into  a  bell  or  cup-like  rim,  generally  bright  red  or  yellow, 
and  are  always  found  upon  the  leaves  or  very  slender  twigs,  except 
when  they  spring  direct  from  the  female  galls,  as  in  Brachyscelis 
jyharetrata,  Schrader,  and  several  allied  species,  in  which  the  male 
galls  are  attached  to  the  side  of  the  female  gall,  forming  a  cockscomb- 

*  Verhandlungen  der  K.  K.  Zoologisch-botauischen  Gesellschaft  in  Wein, 
Jahrg.  1863,  p.  189,  Tat.  iii. 


BY    W.   \\.  FROGGATT.  355 

like  growth  consisting  of  a  number  of  cylindrical  tubes  massed 
together,  enveloped  by  a  protective  overlapping  sheath,  often  many 
times  the  size  of  the  female  gall.  The  female  galls  are  variable  in 
shape,  green  or  brown  coloured,  smooth  outwardly,  generally  oval 
or  oblong,  often  surmounted  with  horns  or  other  appendages,  and 
always,  with  the  exception  of  the  cockscomb-like  galls  which  form 
on  the  leaf,  growing  out  from  the  branches  or  branchlets.  Both 
male  and  female  galls  have  an  opening  always  at  the  apex. 

The  female  coccid  is  a  top-shaped,  cylindrical,  fleshy,  white  or 
yellow  grvib,  enveloped  in  a  floury  substance  secreted  by  the 
coccid  ;  the  head  and  thoracic  segments  are  round,  much  crenulated 
on  the  face  ;  it  is  difficult  to  say  which  is  the  head,  as  the  segment 
one  would  take  for  the  head  has  two  rudimentary,  three-jointed 
antenna3,  as  well  as  the  simple  three-jointed  fore-legs,  which  are 
placed  just  under  them,  while  the  eyes  or  eye  spots  are  situated 
close  on  either  side  of  this  overlapping  segment.  The  second  and 
third  thoracic  segments  each  bear  a  pair  of  short  legs,  while  the 
abdominal  segments  are  regular,  well  defined,  and  taper  to  a  point, 
the  tip  being  surmounted  with  a  pair  of  pointed  anal  appendages, 
which  Schrader  says  are  used  to  keep  the  orifice  of  the  gall  clear  of 
obstructions ;  but  I  consider  it  more  likely  that  they  are  of  use 
to  the  coccid  in  drawing  herself  towards  the  opening.  The  coccid 
lies  in  the  fleshy  gall,  which  is  sometimes  a  quarter  of  an  inch 
thick,  head  downwards,  the  tail  pointing  outwards;  she  is  generally 
smaller  than  the  gall  chamber,  and  has  plenty  of  room  to  move 
backwards  and  forwards.  When  full  grown  the  males  emerge 
from  the  neighbouring  galls,  and  by  means  of  their  slender,  pointed 
abdomen  impi^egnate  the  imprisoned  female  through  the  apical 
orifice,  through  which  the  latter  can  exsert  her  anal  appendages. 

After  impregnation  the  males  die,  and  the  females  become  a 
mass  of  eggs,  from  which  the  young  larvae  soon  emerge,  crawling 
through  the  opening  in  the  gall  and  leaving  the  empty  shell  of 
their  mother  behind  in  the  ripe  gall.  The  larvse  [e.g.  of  Brachy- 
scelis  munita]  are  microscopic,  yellow,  active  creatures,  having 
a  circular,  shield-like  body  margined  with  a  fringe  of  cilia,  distinct 
eyes,  antennse,  and   legs.      They  move  about  quickly,  and  those 


356  NOTES    ON    THE    FAMILY    BRACHYSCELID^, 

that  survive  after  escaping  from  the  gall  immediately  bury  them- 
selves in  the  bark  or  leaves,  and  commence  a  fresh  crop  of  young 
galls.  I  believe  that  the  virgin  female  is  cai)able  of  bringing  forth 
larvae,  as  I  have  frequently  found  clusters  of  active  larvje  in  the 
chamber  with  the  perfect  and  evidently  unimpregnated  female 
coccid. 

The  male  of  Brachyscelis  [e.g.  of  B.  mu7iita]  is  a  very  beautiful 
little  two-winged  creature,  not  much  more  than  half  a  line  in 
length,  having  many  jointed  antennse  as  long  as  the  whole  length 
of  the  head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  combined,  terminating  in  three 
hairs  or  filaments  ;  the  joints  of  the  antennae  are  short  and  the 
divisions  indistinct.  The  eyes  are  black,  globular,  and  very 
prominent,  divided  from  each  other,  as  looked  at  from  above,  by  a 
wedge-shaped  bar  between,  widest  in  front.  The  prothorax  is 
rounded,  broadest  in  front,  bright  yellow,  and  shining  ;  the  wings 
are  large,  round  at  the  tips,  constricted  at  their  junction  with  the 
shoulder,  and  bear  a  strong  costal  (transverse  of  Ashmead) 
nervure  with  a  fainter  one  (discoidal  of  Ashmead)  across  to  the 
apex  of  the  under  side  of  wing,  forming  an  elongated  V,  The 
legs  are  long,  the  femora  robust,  the  tibiae  slender,  the  tarsi  short. 
The  abdomen  consists  of  eight  constricted  segments,  and  a  small 
pointed  anal  one  bearing  the  genitalia ;  from  either  side  of  the 
eighth  segment  shoots  out  a  long  white  filament,  twice  the  length 
of  the  whole  insect ;  the  whole  covered  with  scattered  white  hairs. 

The  perfect  males  are  very  delicate,  and  their  galls  are  so  small 
that  it  is  very  difficult  to  breed  them  out  ;  but  of  three  very 
distinct  species  of  galls  from  which  I  have  obtained  specimens  of 
the  insects,  I  can  find  no  difference  in  any  particular  in  the  perfect 
males.  The  characters  of  the  males,  therefore,  seem  to  me  unim- 
portant in  discriminating  species.  To  a  casual  observer  the  female 
coccids  would  appear  very  much  alike,  but  though  there  is  a  very 
strong  general  resemblance  in  most  cases,  there  are,  besides  the 
difference  in  form,  several  very  good  specific  peculiarities:  firstly, 
in  the  form,  shape,  and  situation  of  the  anal  appendages;  secondly, 
in  the  hairy  coating  on  the  abdominal  segments  ;  and  thirdly,  in 
the    number,   shape,   and  regularity  of    the    distribution   of   the 


BY    W.   W.   FHOGGATT.  357 

tubercles  and  fine-toothed  spines  covering  the  upper  side  of  the 
abdominal  segments. 

The  female  galls  of  the  different  species  are  usually  very  distinct 
in  form  from  each  other ;  and  though  with  single  specimens  of 
some  it  might  be  difficult  to  determine  the  species  from  the  gall 
alone,  yet  in  a  large  series  they  are  unmistakable. 

The  female  galls  are  all  very  much  liable  to  attacks  by  parasites, 
and  many  of  the  minute  micro-hymenoptera  belonging  to  the  Chal 
cididce  and  Proctrotrupidcc.  will  be  found  to  emerge  from  the  outer 
skin  of  the  gall,  possibly  being  parasitic  upon  smaller  plant-eating 
larvae  which  they  have  destroyed.  Other  parasites  lay  their  eggs 
upon  or  in  the  coccid,  the  larviB  which  hatch  therefrom  feeding 
upon  her  fleshy  body,  and  undergoing  their  metamorphoses  in  her 
skin.  I  have  obtained  100  specimens  of  a  small  black  Chalcid 
from  a  single  dead  Brachyscelid.  The  larvse  also  of  several 
different  moths  likewise  manage  to  obtain  a  footing  inside  the 
galls,  true  iuquilines,  for  they  soon  smother  the  rightful  owner. 
I  once  opened  a  gall  of  B.  ovicola  in  which  I  found  an  exceedingly 
active  moth  larva  together  with  a  live  coccid  ;  but  the  former  was 
having  much  the  best  of  it,  for  the  coccid  was  not  more  than  half 
the  size  of  a  number  of  its  companions  taken  from  the  same  bunch 
of  galls.  I  have  never  been  able  to  breed  out  the  perfect  moths 
from  these  larvse,  for  as  the  galls  become  dry  the  food  supply  fails 
them  and  they  die. 

A  large  number  of  plant-eating  beetles  are  also  obtainable  from 
the  galls,  most  of  them  belonging  to  the  Cicrculionidce,  chief 
among  which  are  members  of  the  genera  Haplonyx,  of  which  I 
have  bred  five  different  species,  and  Rhadinosomus,  a  remarkable, 
goat-like  little  Curculio.  Several  others  belonging  to  the  genus 
Omadius  (Family  Cleridce)  were  hatched  out  of  the  galls  of  B. 
minor. 

Great  numbers  of  young  Eucalypts  are  annually  attacked  by 
these  insects,  which  if  they  do  not  in  consequence  actually  die 
become  stunted  in  their  growth  from  the  foliage  and  young  growth 
being  robbed  of  so  much  sap,  and  tissue  diverted  from  the  proper 
channel,  to  form  these  peculiar  excrescences ;  it  is   therefore  of 


358  NOTES    ON    THE    FAMILY    BRACHYSCELID^, 

some  economic  interest  for  us  to  be  acquainted  with  the  habits 
and  mode  of  growth  of  the  Brachyscelids  together  with  the  parasites 
by  which  they  are  kept  in  check,  for  as  they  come  forth  in  such 
countless  numbers  and  in  their  earlier  stages  mine  out  of  sight, 
they  might  under  favourable  circumstances  become  a  serious  pest 
in  plantations  of  young  Eucalypts. 

Brachyscelis  duplex,  Schrader,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  N.S.W.  1862, 
Vol.  i.  p.  5,  pi.  IL  fig.  A,  h,  1,  o,  s. 

2-  Gall  springing  from  the  branch  on  a  square  four-sided  stalk 
varying  from  a  quarter  to  half  an  inch  in  length,  swelling  out 
from  this  into  a  four-sided  gall  with  ridged  edges  ;  1^  inches  in 
diameter  ;  2;^  inches  in  length  from  top  of  stalk  to  apical  oi'ifice  ; 
the  latter  a  broad  and  very  narrow  slit,  on  either  side  of  which  the 
gall  is  prolonged  into  a  flattened  broad  horn,  which  is  often  5-6 
inches  long  ;  as  many  as  four  of  these  large  galls  may  be  on  a 
small  twig  a  few  inches  long.  Chamber  containing  coccid  long, 
cylindrical,  and  pointed  at  both  ends  ;  the  walls  4  lines  in  thick- 
ness and  very  solid. 

2.  Coccid  golden  yellow  ;  apical  segments  broad,  slightly 
depressed  in  centre  ;  legs  very  short,  the  joints  of  the  middle  and 
hind  legs  almost  globose,  tarsal  claws  small  and  blunt;  abdominal 
broad  and  well  defined,  of  a  uniform  breadth  until  about  the  third 
above  the  anal  segment,  thence  forming  a  blunt  rounded  base 
from  which  the  anal  segment,  which  has  a  v-like  mark  on  either 
side,  projects,  bearing  two  long  slender  anal  appendages  widely 
apart,  l^  lines  long,  the  pointed  tips  turned  outwards  and  sur- 
mounted with  three  long  filaments  or  hairs ;  long  scattered  hairs 
all  over  the  abdominal  segment,  forming  distinct  tufts  on  the 
lower  part  of  the  outer  edges  of  the  last  four  apical  segments ; 
the  upper  side  of  the  apical  four  marked  with  fine  tubercles  ; 
the  first  with  very  small  and  scattered  tubercles,  the  following 
and  anal  segments  with  the  tubercles  in  regular  rows,  conical, 
spinose,  all  the  segments  fringed  along  the  outer  edges  with  tufts 
of  long  white  hairs.  Length  12  lines,  at  widest  point  of  thorax, 
5i  lines  broad. 


BY    W.  W.  FROGGATT.  359 

^.  Gall  growing  from  the  leaves  and  also  from  the  horns  of  the 
young  female  galls;  not  cylindrical,  but  four-sided,  but  instead 
of  the  circular  rim  at  apex,  divided  into  two  flat  sides  opening  out 
into  a  v-form.     Height  3  lines,  diameter  f  of  a  line. 

Hab. — Newcastle,  on  Eucalyj)tits  sp.  (R.  Thornton) ;.  Lawson, 
Blue  Mts.,  on  E.  sp.  (E.  Palmer). 

In  Schrader's  paper  this  species  is  very  briefly  described,  and 
the  gall  of  the  specimen  figured  has  very  short  horns,  whereas  in 
most  well-shaped  galls  the  latter  are  often  six  inches  in  length. 
I  had  received  several  dried  specimens  of  this  fine  gall  on  various 
occasions,  but  without  any  information  as  to  where  they  were 
obtained,  and  had  never  ol)tained  any  fresh  green  ones  until  a 
short  time  ago,  when  among  a  collection  of  galls  and  botanical 
specimens  received  by  the  Curator  of  the  Technological  Museum 
from  Mr.  R.  Thornton  of  Newcastle,  were  abovit  a  dozen  very 
good  fresh  specimens  of  the  gall  of  this  Brachyscelid. 

Brachyscelis  munita,  Schrader,  I.e.  p.  6,  pi.  ii.  fig.  x. 

9.  Gall  sessile  on  twigs,  round  at  base,  but  with  four  distinct 
angles  above,  from  the  corners  of  which  arise  a  long  horn  broad 
at  base,  slender  at  the  tip,  and  generally  curling  backwards  ; 
height  10  lines,  width  7  lines,  horns  2  inches  in  length;  walls  of 
chamber  solid  but  thin ;  chamber  broad,  oval,  and  conical  at 
apex,  apical  orifice  circular,  small  and  situated  in  the  centre  of 
apex,  where  the  four  ridges  running  back  from  the  horns  conjoin. 

9.  Gall  of  slender  variety  stalked,  the  stalk  broad,  angular ; 
the  surmounting  gall  four-sided,  swelling  out  from  and  about 
twice  the  length  of  the  stalk,  and  broadest  at  apex ;  from  each 
angle  springs  out  a  straight  cylindrical  horn,  broadest  at  base  and 
attenuated  towards  the  tip  ;  length  of  gall  l-^  inches,  including 
the  stalk,  width  at  apex  of  stalk  3  lines,  width  at  base  of  horns  6 
lines,  horns  often  attaining  a  length  of  6  or  7  inches ;  apex  of 
gall  flat  or  slightly  rounded  between  the  horns. 

The  measurements  are  very  variable,  as  the  galls  can  be  found 
of  all  shapes  and  sizes  growing  in  great  clusters,  sometimes  one 
sfrowins:  out  from  another.       I  should  consider  this  an  aborted 


360  NOTES   ON   THE    FAMILY    BRACHYSCELIDiE, 

variety  of  the  more  regularly  formed  one,  for  when  a  tree  is 
attacked  by  this  one  its  sap  becomes  so  impoverished  by  the 
quantity  of  galls  it  has  to  support  that  they  in  turn  become  slender 
and  attenuated  from  want  of  building  material.  This  variety 
grows  upon  Eucalyptus  rohusta,  the  large,  succulent  leaves  of 
which  seem  to  be  attacked  by  many  insect  larvje. 

9.  Coccid  dull  yellow  to  semi-transparent;  8  lines  long,  5  lines 
broad  ;  head  and  thoracic  segments  much  wrinkled ;  legs  small 
and  short ;  abdominal  segments  short  and  broad,  thickly  clothed 
towards  the  apex  and  sides  with  long  yellow  hairs ;  anal 
appendages  short,  blunt,  narrowly  divided  at  base,  turned  slightly 
outwards  at  the  tip,  upper  side  rather  flat ;  anal  segments 
densely  clothed  with  long  yellow  hairs  ;  two  lower  thoracic  and 
first  abdominal  segment  covered  with  very  fine  ferruginous 
tubercles,  the  remaining  abdominal  segments  margined  above  the 
apex  with  a  row  of  fine  pointed  tubercles,  largest  and  stoutest 
towards  the  tip. 

^.  Galls  growing  in  a  cluster  on  a  small  twig,  the  cluster  com- 
posed of  several  hundred  short  twisted  or  straight  male  cells 
sticking  out  at  all  angles  ;  many  of  them  ai'e  doubtless  sterile; 
slightly  dilated  at  the  apex  and  of  a  bright  red  colour,  the  whole 
forming  an  irregular  rounded  or  oval  mass,  often  over  an  inch  in 
diameter. 

In  the  straight-horned  variety  the  male  galls  ai-e  clustered 
together  in  irregular  masses,  but  never  in  such  large  numbers  or 
so  closely  together,  each  gall  standing  out  and  more  independent 
of  the  others. 

This  is  a  well-defined  species,  and  does  not  vary  much  from 
two  forms  which  are  evidently  variations  caused  by  the  stems 
being  attached  by  only  a  few  coccids  or  else  by  a  large  number  ; 
the  large  typical  form  is  not  common  about  Sydney,  and  is  more 
an  inland  species,  while  the  small  variety  seems  to  be  much  the 
commonest  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Sydney. 

In  the  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  (1880,  Vol,  xvii.  p.  U5),  there  is  an 
article  on  "  Eucalyptus  galls,"  by  Mr.  R.  McLachlan,  in  which  he 
describes  and  figures  two  galls  handed  over  to  him  by  Dr.  M.  F. 


BY    W.  W.  PROGGATT.  361 

Masters,  Editor  of  the  Gardener's  Chronicle,  who  received  them 
from  Baron  von  Mueller,  Government  Botanist  of  Victoria.  With 
the  first,  which  is  a  slender,  finger-like  gall  and  is  the  production 
of  a  Cynips  or  Cecidoniyia,  we  have  nothing  to  do ;  but  the  second 
is  a  bunch  of  the  female  galls  of  Brachyscelis  munita,  though  it 
is  described  as  the  gall  of  a  moth,  and  Mr.  McLacblan  says  of  it  : 
"Fortunately  in  this  instance  it  is  possible  to  fix  with  certainty 
tlie  order  to  which  the  gall-maker  belongs.  Baron  von  Mueller 
extracted  larv£e  from  some  similar  galls  and  forwarded  them  in 
fluid.  They  are  Lepidopterous."  He  minutely  describes  the  gall, 
and  considers  the  apical  orifice  as  a  breathing  pore  for  the  larvje, 
left  open  on  accouut  of  the  walls  of  the  galls  being  so  solid. 

^a6.  — Botany,  on  E.  robusta  (W.  W.  Froggatt) ;  near  Parra- 
matta,  on  U.  sp.  (J.  J.  Fletcher)  ;  Wellington,  on  E.  sp.  (W.  W. 
Froggatt);  Newcastle  (R.  Thornton);  Melbourne,  on  E.  sp.  (C. 
French). 

From  some  specimens  obtained  from  near  Parramatta  by  Mr. 
Fletcher  I  bred  one  specimen  of  liaplonyx  ustipennis,  Pascoe 
(Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  1870,  x.  p.  488);  the  larva  was  an  obese  white 
grub ;  though  I  opened  the  gall  before  I  noticed  the  grub,  it 
throve  and  came  out  a  perfect  insect  three  months  later. 

Brachyscelis  tricornis,  n.sp. 

<^.  Gall  triangular,  the  angles  rounded,  smallest  at  base  where 
attached  to  the  twig,  sessile,  swelling  out  and  widest  at  apex ;  the 
horns  standing  out  at  right  angles,  sword-shaped,  very  thick  and 
swollen  at  base,  terminating  in  a  broad  tip;  gall  10  lines  high,  9 
broad  at  base  of  horns ;  length  of  horns,  2^  to  3  inches  ;  apical 
orifice  very  small,  circular,  situated  in  centre  between  the  horns  ; 
chamber  containing  coccid  rounded  at  base,  of  a  uniform  width 
for  two-thirds  of  height,  coming  to  an  obtuse  point  at  the  apex ; 
walls  of  chamber  of  a  medium  thickness. 

^.  Coccid  yellow  to  dull  brown,  rounded  at  apex ;  thoracic 
segments  well  defined ;  basal  joint  of  middle  and  hind  legs  short 
and  globose,  second  joint  short,  cylindrical ;  tai'sal  claw  sharp  and 
hooked  ;  abdominal  segments  narrow  and  tapering  to  a  sharp  tip 


362  NOTES    ON    THE    FAMILY    BRACHYSCELIDiE, 

with  a  few  scattered  hairs  on  apical  margins ;  anal  appendages 
ferruginous,  stout,  close  together  at  base,  but  cleft  in  a  wedge- 
sliaped  opening  outwards  at  the  apex,  truncate  at  tips  ;  upper  side 
of  abdominal  segments  with  a  few  long  hairs  on  apical  portion, 
outer  edges  thickly  fringed  with  long  hairs,  last  four  with  a  short 
irregular  row  of  tubercles  along  their  apical  margin ;  length  7^ 
lines,  4|  broad. 

(J.  Gall  unknown. 

Hah. — Rookwood,  on  the  broad-leaved  iron-bark,  E.  siderophloia 
(J.  J.  Fletcher). 

This  is  a  distinct  species  closely  allied  to  B.  munila,  but  the 
difference  in  shape  and  in  the  number  of  the  horns  renders  it  very 
easily  recognisable. 

Brachyscelis  pileata,  Schrader,  I.e.  p.  3,  PI.  i.  tig.  1,  a,  h,  and  I. 

J.  Gall  nari'owest  at  base  of  attachment  to  the  twig,  generally 
growing  with  the  apex  inclined  downwards  towards  the  branch, 
elongate-oval  in  form,  but  truncate  at  apex,  which  forms  two 
broad  lips  separated  by  the  narrow  slit^like  apical  orifice  ;  length, 
14  to  16  lines;  diameter,  7  lines;  chamber  containing  coccid 
narrow  at  base,  jug-shaped  at  apex,  wall  thin.  When  immature 
the  gall  is  enveloped  in  a  reddish  cap  covering  the  gall  and 
produced  into  a  slender  horn  often  several  inches  in  length,  which 
appears  to  be  an  abnormal  growth  of  the  bark  of  the  twig  above 
the  burrowing  coccid  ;  as  the  gall  increases  in  size  this  envelope 
becomes  a  dry  papery  substance,  splits  off  at  the  base,  and  drops 
off  when  the  gall  is  about  three-parts  grown. 

9.  Coccid  dull  brown  to  almost  transparent;  head  and  thoracic 
segments  rounded  at  base  ;  legs  rather  short ;  tarsal  claws  black  ; 
abdominal  segments  narrow,  not  tapering,  but  broadly  rounded 
towards  the  apex,  each  segment  ornamented  at  the  apical  sides 
with  a  tuft  of  white  silky  hairs ;  anal  appendages  situated  on 
either  side  of  the  broad  anal  segment,  separated  from  each  other 
at  base,  long,  slender,  black,  and  each  surmounted  with  three  long 
stout  hairs ;  upper  side  of  head  and  thoracic  segments  much 
depressed,    often    almost    flat,    covered    with    fine    white    hairs ; 


BY    W.  W.  PROGGATT.  363 

abdominal  segments  clotherl  with  long  white  hairs,  which  overlap 
the  junction  of  the  segments  and  form  large  tufts  at  the  apex  of 
each  ;  the  2nd  and  3rd  thoracic  segments  with  numerous  small 
scattered  spines;  1st  and  2nd  abdominal  segments  with  an 
irregular  double  row  of  spines ;  3rd  with  a  regular  row  of  close 
short  spines  in  clusters  of  twos  and  threes,  with  three  longer  stout 
spines  at  either  margin  ;  4th  and  5th  with  the  spines  stouter, 
disposed  either  in  twos  or  threes,  with  two  longer  curved  spines 
at  either  margin  ;  6th  and  last  above  the  anal  segment  carrying 
four  large  stout  spines  and  a  single  longer  one  on  either  side  ; 
length  6h  lines,  4  lines  broad. 

f^.  Gall  reddish-brown,  short  and  bi'oad,  growing  on  the  leaves, 
pear-shaped  and  often  ribbed,  the  apex  broadest,  this  in  the  mature 
gall  opening  out  into  a  bell-mouthed  rim  ;  3^  to  4  lines  high. 

flab. — Rose  Bay,  on  E.  jnperita  ( W.  W.  Froggatt) ;  Mossman's 
Bay,  on  E.  sipheriana  and  on  E.  capitellata  (W.  W.  Froggatt) ; 
Newcastle,  on  E.  sp.  (R.  Thornton). 

This,  the  common  Sydney  species,  is  confined  to  the  coast 
country,  generally  attacking  small  trees,  which,  when  once  infested, 
produce  galls  year  after  year.  I  have  noted  a  tree  at  Double  Bay 
for  the  last  four  years  which  has  had  a  large  crop  every  season. 

The  galls  obtained  from  E.  capitellata  are  very  much  broader 
and  more  squat  than  the  typical  ones,  with  the  walls  very  stout 
and  thick ;  and  when  immature  have  very  small  spined  caps 
unlike  those  on  E.  pipiertta. 

Brachyscelis  minor,  n.sp.     PI.  vi.  fig.  1. 

9.  Gall  round  at  base,  constricted  about  two-thirds  up  from  base, 
and  truncate  at  apex,  the  small  and  circular  apical  orifice  placed 
in  the  centre  of  a  shallow  depression  ;  walls  of  chamber  moderately 
thick,  solid,  the  chamber  oval,  coming  to  a  sharp  point  at  the 
apical  orifice ;  length  7  lines,  diameter  4|  lines. 

9.  Coccid  dull  yellow,  rouud  at  ajjex  and  coming  down  to  a 
sharp  tip  ;  plump  and  top-shaped  ;  legs  slender  ;  abdominal  seg- 
ments very  regular  and  distinct,  clothed  with  fine  long  hairs, 
thickest   on   the   sides  ;    anal   ap[)endages   short,   close    together, 


364  NOTES    ON   THE    FAMILY    BRACHYSCELID^, 

opening  out  slightly  at  the  apex  ;  upper  side  all  clothed  with  fine 
white  hairs  lightly  scattered  over  the  head  and  thoracic  segments, 
very  close  and  dense  on  the  abdominal  segments,  the  latter  with 
a  row  of  small  acuminate  tubercles  along  their  lower  margins  ; 
anal  appendages  surmounted  on  the  tip  with  several  fine  hairs ; 
5  lines  long,  3  lines  wide. 

(J.  Gall  3  lines  high,  width  ^  line  ;  bright  red  ;  tubular,  with  a 
disc-like  rim  at  the  apex. 

I  have  bred  the  male  coccid  from  these  galls,  but  under  the 
microscope  I  could  not  find  any  diflference  between  them  and 
those  of  B.  pharetrata. 

Hah. — Botany  and  Berowera  on  E.  hcemastoma  ;  Wollongong 
on  a  stunted  Eucalyptus  (W.  W.  Froggatt). 

This  is  a  rather  small  gall  that  might  be  taken  for  a  small 
variety  of  B.  ovicola,  but  is  very  constant  in  its  form;  while  the 
female  coccid  is  very  distinct  from  that  of  the  latter  species. 

I  obtained  a  great  number  of  the  galls  of  both  sexes  on  the 
leaves  and  twigs  of  a  number  of  small  stunted  Eucalypts  growing 
on  the  hillside  opposite  the  railway  station  at  Wollongong ; 
the  twigs  were  covered  with  the  little  seed-capsule-like  galls, 
sometimes  clustered  together  in  bunches  of  a  dozen  or  more,  while 
the  leaves  were  completely  aborted  by  the  immense  number  of 
male  galls  growing  out  of  them.  In  other  localities  I  have  only 
found  them  scattered  in  twos  or  threes  on  the  branches. 

Brachyscelis  variabilis,  n.sp.     PI.  VII.  fig.  2. 

^.  Gall  oval,  sessile,  growing  directly  from  the  stem,  about  two- 
thirds  from  base  constricted  to  a  third,  the  apex  curved  inwards; 
2^  inches  high,  1|  inches  wide  ;  dome  |  inch  high,  1  inch  wide  ; 
walls  of  chamber  above  the  base  7  lines  in  thickness ;  top  of  true 
gall  almost  flat  at  the  apex,  with  a  small  circular  orifice  ;  above 
this  the  dome-shaped  covering  springs  up,  with  thin  walls  enclosing 
an  irregularly-shaped  cavity  with  a  large  opening  on  top  above  the 
orifice  of  the  lower  chamber. 

The  above  measurements  are  taken  from  an  exceptionally  fine 
specimen ;  many  ai'e  much  smaller,  more  rounded  than  pear-i 


BY    W.  W.   FROGGATT.  365 

and  much  aborted  on  the  outside  cuticle  by  the  mining  of  parasitic 
Hymenopteia. 

9.  Coccid  dark  yellow  ;  8  lines  long,  5  broad,  rounded  at  head 
and  thoracic  segments,  swelling  out  on  the  sides  in  a  line  with  the 
middle  pair  of  legs  ;  fore-legs  more  prominent  than  usual ;  all  the 
legs  small,  ferruginous,  and  projecting  oat  from  the  body ;  abdo- 
minal segments  covered  with  fine  silky  hairs,  which  are  very 
dense  on  the  last  three  segments ;  anal  appendages  very  short 
and  stout,  close  together  at  the  base,  straight,  but  slightly  open 
at  the  apex,  the  tip  of  each  concave,  armed  with  a  fine  tooth  on 
loth  sides  ;  on  the  upper  side  the  abdominal  segments  clothed 
with  fine  white  hairs;  the  last  three  segments  only  margined 
across  the  lower  edge  with  a  row  of  very  small  regular  acuminate 
tubercles. 

^.  Galls  small,  reddish,  tubular;  2  lines  long,  with  a  bell-shaped 
swelling  at  the  apex. 

Hab. — Thornleigh,  near  Sydney,  on  U.  piperita  (W.  W.  Frog- 
gatt)  ;  Newcastle,  on  B.  sp.  (R.  Thornton) ;  Cambewarra,  on  B. 
sp.  (W.  Bauerlen)  ;  Lismore,  on  F.  sp.  (R.  Helms). 

This  is  a  very  variable  species,  but  is  very  constant  in  having 
the  chamber  walls  veiy  thick  at  the  base,  the  apex  surmounted 
by  a  dome-like  cup  rising  above  the  true  ajjical  orifice  and  forming 
another  cavity  with  a  large  irregular  opening  at  its  apex.  They 
are  usually  found  singly,  often  on  stout  stems,  but  sometimes  in 
clusters,  and  appear  to  have  a  wide  range  over  the  coastal  districts 
of  New  South  Wales. 

Some  immature  specimens  obtained  lately  at  Ilornsby  give  some 
idea  as  to  how  this  curious  double-celled  gall  is  constructed ;  they 
are  generally  formed  in  a  stout  stem  of  a  young  sapling ;  the  true 
gall  is  formed  of  the  woody  substance  of  the  stem,  while  the  bai  k 
growing  rapidly  covers  the  outer  sides  and  rises  above  the  wooden 
portion  of  the  gall,  a  cavity  forming  on  the  apex  between  the 
bark  and  the  growing  gall. 

Brachyscelis  coniga,  n.sp.      PI.  VI.  fig.  3. 

5.  Gall  cylindrical,  rounded  at  the  base,  generally  widest  in  the 
miildle  and  tapering  towards  the  apex,  which  is  truncate,  some- 


366  NOTES   ON   THE   FAMILY    BRACK YSCELIDiE, 

times  ovate  ;  variable  in  forir,  fresh  galls  always  of  a  bright 
green  colour  with  a  granulated  surface  ;  a  growth  of  brown- 
coloured  wood  forms  several  distinct  rings  at  the  apex  surrounding 
the  apical  orifice ;  the  latter  small,  circular,  situated  at  bottom  of 
a  shallow  depression  ;  walls  of  chamber  containing  female  solid, 
chamber  long,  narrow,  cylindrical;  length  14  lines,  diameter  8 
lines. 

Q.  Coccid  dull  yellow,  head  and  thoracic  segments  rounded  on 
top,  large  and  not  much  wrinkled ;  legs  short  and  thick,  posterior 
ones  prominent ;  abdominal  segments  attenuated  towards  the  anal 
segment,  lightly  clothed  with  hairs  on  the  sides ;  anal  appendages 
short  and  blunt,  deflexed  outwards,  forming  a  triangle  at  tip ;  the 
head  and  thoracic  segments  on  upper  side  rather  flat;  a  few 
scattered  tubercles  on  the  first  abdominal  segments,  the  rest  of 
segments  each  armed  with  a  regular  row  of  fine  sharp  spines; 
length  9  lines,  breadth  4  lines. 

^.  Gall  lai'ge and  tubular,  swelling  out  into  a  legular  bell-shaped 
apex  ;  generally  growing  out  from  the  small  twigs,  but  sometimes 
upon  the  leaves;  length  5  lines,  diameter  1  line. 

ffab. — Yass,  Goulburn,  and  Cooma,  N.S.W.,  on  E.  viminalis 
(W.  W.  Froggatt);  Gippsland,  Victoria,  on  E.  sp.  (F.  0.  Hill), 

This  gall  is  very  plentiful  in  the  Goulburn  and  Yass  districts, 
growing  upon  several  of  the  White  Boxes,  and  also  has  a  much 
wider  range,  as  I  have  had  a  number  sent  me  from  Gippsland, 
collected  by  my  friend  Mr.  F.  0.  Hill,  of  Melbourne. 

This  species  is  much  attacked  by  a  small  hymenopterous  para- 
site, the  larvae  of  which,  after  destroying  the  female  coccid,  form 
little  oval  wooden  cocoons,  often  quite  filling  up  the  chamber ; 
the  lepidopterous  larvae  so  common  in  B.  munita  are  also  common 
in  this  gall. 

Of  parasitic  Coleoptera  I  have  bred  out  several  specimens  of 
that  curious  goat-like  little  Curculio  Jlhadiiiosomus  Lacordairei, 
Pascoe,  which  I  have  also  obtained  from  the  female  galls  of  B. 


BY    W.  W.  FROGGATT.  367 

Brachyscelis  pomiformis,  n.sp.     (PI.  vii.  fig.  7.)       • 

9.  Gall  apple-shaped,  slightly  depressed  at  the  base  where 
attached  to  the  branch,  swelling  out  on  the  sides  and  slightly 
narrowing  towards  the  top ;  at  the  apex  is  a  circular  depression 
or  little  pit  about  3  lines  in  depth,  in  the  centre  of  which  is  the 
very  small  orifice;  colour  greyish-brown;  diameter  3  inches,  height 
2  inches  ;  thickness  of  walls  ^  to  ^  inch;  size  of  chamber  doubtful. 

The  smaller  ones  almost  spherical  in  shape,  but  the  large  ones 
more  squat  at  the  base. 

Only  one  gall  contained  the  remains  of  a  female  ;  the  anal 
segments  a})pear  to  be  robust  and  dark  coloured. 

(J.  Gall  unknown. 

Ilab. — Torrens'  Creek,  N.Q.,  on  E.  sp.  ( —  Chisholm);  Barrier 
Range,  King's  Sound,  N.W.A.,  on  E.  sp.  (W.  W.  Froggatt). 

This  remarkable  gall  is  a  northern  species,  not  found  in  the 
vicinity  of  Sydney  ;  my  specimens  were  obtained  at  King's  Sound, 
N.  W.  Australia,  where  they  grew  on  a  stunted  Eucalypt  under 
the  Barrier  Range,  about  a  hundred  miles  inland.  The  natives 
there  eat  the  large  gall,  which  when  fresh  is  soft  and  acid,  not 
unlike  a  sour  apple,  and  they  look  upon  the  fat  white  Brachyscelid 
as  a  very  dainty  morsel.  Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  J.  H. 
Maiden,  I  have  received  aveiy  large  specimen  of  the  gall  obtained 
by  Mr.  Chisholm,  of  Torrens'  Creek,  near  Charters  Towers,  N- 
Queensland,  together  with  an  interesting  letter  from  the  latter 
gentleman,  in  which  he  says  "  it  is  known  as  the  '  blood-wood 
apple,'  and  the  blacks  are  very  fond  of  eating  it." 

Brachyscelis  ovicola,  Schrader,  I.e.  p.  5,  pi.  ii.  fig.  3,  a,  e,  f. 

5.  Gall  pale  green,  smooth,  narrowest  at  base  of  attachment  to 
twig,  forming  an  oval  with  a  slight  depression  at  the  apex,  in  the 
centre  of  which  is  situate  the  apical  orifice,  which  is  minute  and 
circular;  length  14  lines,  diameter  9  lines;  thickness  of  chamber 
walls  2  lines ;  chamber  round  at  the  base,  coming  to  a  sharp  point 
just  below  the  apical  orifice. 

9.  Coccid  pale  canary-yellow,  shining  when  the  white  floury 
excretion  is  brushed  off ;  centre  of  the  first  segment  rounded  at 


368  NOTES    ON    THE    FAMILY    BRACHYSCELID^, 

top,  widest  in  the  middle  ;  central  pair  of  legs,  thoracic  segments, 
and  head  very  distinct ;  legs,  eyes,  and  antennae  ferruginous ; 
abdominal  segments  narrow,  rapidly  tapering  to  a  point,  the  last 
four  apical  segments  ferruginous;  anal  segment  long  and  slender; 
anal  appendages  black,  deeply  divided  but  cohering,  long,  slender 
and  pointed ;  on  the  upper  side  all  the  abdominal  segments  covered 
with  tine  hairs,  the  thoracic  segments  and  first  abdominal  segments 
covered  with  tine  tubercles ;  on  the  rest  of  the  abdominal 
segment  these  tubercles  produced  into  small  ferruginous  coloured 
spines,  which  form  regular  rows  along  the  lower  margins  of  these 
segments,  but  half  hidden  by  the  tine  hairs  clothing  the  body ; 
length  8  lines,  diameter  4 J  lines. 

(J.  Gall  formed  on  the  leaves  ;  reddish-brown  ;  short  and  broad  ; 
2^  lines  in  height,  slightly  I'idged  and  of  a  uniform  thickness ;  the 
apical  opening  large  but  not  much  dilated  or  bell-mouthed. 

Hab. — Wellington,  N.S.W.,  on  K  sp.  ;  Bendigo,  Victoria,  on 
B.  gracilis,  and  on  jE.  leucoxylon  (W.  W.  Froggatt). 

Of  parasitic  Coleoptera  (Family  Curculonidce)  I  bred  a  single 
specimen  of  the  beetle  Haplonyx  myrrhatus,  Pascoe,  from  a  gall 
of  this  species  obtained  in  the  Whipstick  scrub,  near  Bendigo,  and 
I  noticed  a  large  number  of  galls  obtained  in  tliis  locality  bearing 
circular  openings  through  which  the  perfect  beetles  had  already 
escaped. 

This  species  has  a  wide  range  over  the  southern  portion  of 
Australia,  and  forms  its  galls  upon  a  number  of  very  distinct 
species  of  Eucalypts.  Though  not  very  common  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Sydney,  it  is  often  met  with  on  the  white  gums  in 
the  western  country  ;  like  most  species  it  grows  on  the  young 
twigs,  but  I  have  several  fine  specimens  growing  out  of  young 
flower  buds. 

In  consequence  of  the  thick  fleshy  walls  of  the  gall  being  much 
mined  by  the  attacks  of  parasitic  Chalcids,  they  often  swell  out 
into  great  puffy  masses,  losing  all  their  fine  oval  contour,  while 
the  helpless  female  is  also  subject  to  inquilines  that  either  eat  or 
crowd-  her  out. 


BY    W.   W.   FROGGATT.  369 

Brachyscelis  Baeuerleni,  n.sp.     (PL  vii.  fig.  L.) 

9.  Galls  round,  clustered  together  in  bunches  of  three  or  four  at 
intervals  along  the  branch,  broadly  attached  to  the  twig,  depressed 
at  the  apex ;  9  lines  high,  7  lines  wide  ;  the  walls  consisting  of  a 
double  shell,  the  inner  one  hard  and  thin,  the  outer  one  thick  and 
spongy  ;  sometimes  a  very  slight  cavity  on  either  side  of  the  apical 
orifice,  the  point  of  the  inner  shell  carrying  the  orifice  level  with 
the  top  of  the  gall ;  chamber  broad,  rounded,  conical  at  apex  ; 
orifice  very  small  and  situated  in  centre  of  a  hollow. 

5.  Coccid  dark  yellow,  round  at  apex,  the  first  three  thoracic 
segments  very  large ;  abdominal  segments  very  small ;  head  and 
thoracic  segments  very  much  wrinkled  ;  legs  short  and  globose  ; 
abdominal  segments  regular,  narrow,  lightly  fringed  with  fine 
hairs,  the  apical  ones  ferruginous  ;  anal  appendages  black,  close 
together,  short,  thick,  pointed,  and  slightly  parted  at  the  tips, 
rather  rugose  on  their  outer  edge  ;  on  the  upper  side  the  last 
thoracic  and  all  the  abdominal  segments  armed  with  a  regular 
row  of  fine  acuminate  tubercles ;  length  7  lines,  width  4  lines. 

(J.  Gall  unknown. 

Hab. — Ballina,  on  E.  sp.  (W.  Baueilen). 

I  have  seen  only  one  lot  of  these  galls,  which  were  obtained  by 
the  botanical  collector  of  the  Technological  Museum  in  the  Rich- 
mond River  district ;  they  are  quite  unique,  and  I  have  great 
pleasure  in  dedicating  the  species  to  the  fi^nder,  my  old  comrade  in 
arms  Mr.  William  Bauerlen. 

Brachyscelis  rugosa,  n.sp.     (PI.  vii.  fig.  5.) 

$.  Gall  sessile,  dull  brown,  hemispherical  in  shape,  externally 
very  rugose,  warty  and  irregularly  ridged  ;  depressed  at  apex  ; 
double-shelled,  the  inner  sheath  very  thin  and  hard,  the  enveloping 
husk  spongy,  containing  numerous  small  cavities  between  it  and 
the  inner  shell  ;  opening  at  the  apex  above  orifice  in  first  shell 
rough  and  irregular;  apical  orifice  small,  circular;  length  8  lines, 
diameter  8  lines.    . 

9.  Coccid  dull  yellow,  broad  and  squat  ;  the  head  and  thoracic 
segments    wrinkled,    rather   fiat  3    the    second    thoracic   segment 


370  NOTES   ON   THE    FAMILY    BRACHYSCELIDiE, 

rounded  and  rising  up  on  either  side  to  a  level  with  the  top  of 
first  segment,  which  is  depressed  at  top  ;  legs  small ;  abdominal 
segments  very  small,  lightly  fringed  on  the  margins  with  fine 
hairs,  and  coming  to  a  point  above  the  anal  appendages,  which 
are  ferruginous,  black  at  tips,  short  and  thick,  lying  close  together, 
and  rugose  on  their  outer  margins ;  upper  side  of  abdominal 
segments  covered  lightly  with  fine  hairs  and  each  armed  with  a 
row  of  fine  tubercles  ;  length  6  lines,  4^  wide. 

^.  Gall  unknown. 

Hab.—AlMong,  N.S.W.,  on  E.  sp.  (W.  W.  Froggatt). 

These  galls  were  obtained  by  me  in  considerable  numbers  upon 
the  twigs  and  stems  of  a  stunted  Eu(ialypt  at  Allalong,  in  the 
Maitland  district.     I  have  never  seen  any  other  specimens. 

Brachyscelis  pharetrata,  Schrader,  I.e.  p.  4,  pi.  i.  fig.  2,  o-s  ; 
pi.  ii.  fig.  3,  g. 

2.  Gall  springing  from  the  leaf,  generally  on  the  midrib,  narrow 
at  base  of  attachment,  swelling  out  in  the  middle  and  coming  to  a 
more  or  less  conical  point  at  apex;  the  apical  orifice  small;  length 
5  lines,  2^  diameter. 

9.  Coccid  yellow,  obese,  top-shaped ;  the  head  and  thoracic 
segments  spherical ;  legs  small ;  abdominal  segments  very  narrow 
and  regular,  thinly  clothed  with  fine  hairs  on  the  underside,  but 
much  thicker  on  the  upper  side;  no  spines  or  tubercles  on  the 
upper  side  of  the  abdominal  segments  ;  the  anal  appendages  black, 
short,  deeply  divided ;  tips  thick  and  stout ;  length  3^  lines, 
diameter  2J  lines. 

(J.  Galls  in  large  irregular  mass  appearing  upon  the  side  of 
the  female  gall  after  it  is  nearly  mature  ;  it  is  generally  smooth 
on  the  outside,  which  consists  of  an  overlapping  sheath,  often  when 
full  grown  brilliantly  tinted  with  red  and  yellow  colours  ;  in  this 
sheath  are  a  mass  of  small  tabular  cells  opening  outwards,  each 
containing  a  male  larva,  the  whole  being  five  or  six  times  the 
bulk  of  the  small  female  gall ;  length  of  tubes  3  lines. 

(^.  Coccid  pale  yellow  with  large  grey  wings  and  black  eyes  ; 


BY    W.  W.  FROGGATT.  6 1  1 

The  description  given  of  the  specimens  bred  from  B.  munita 
woukl  not  differ  in  any  particular  from  that  of  this  species. 

Hah. — Botany,  on  E.  sieberiana  ;  Berowera,  on  E.  corymhosa  ; 
Mossman's  Bay,  on  E.  capitellata  (W.  W.  Froggatt) ;  Newcastle, 
E.  sp.  (R.  Thornton) ;  Cambewarra,  on  E.  sp.  (W.  Bauerlen). 

This  is  known  as  the  "cockscomb  gall,"  from  the  cock's-comb-like 
appearance  of  the  male  gall  mass.  It  is  not  an  uncommon  gall 
about  Sydney,  and  I  have  watched  a  patch  of  trees  at  Botany 
attacked  by  this  coccid,  from  which  I  obtained  galls  for  several 
years,  but  they  have  been  all  destroyed  by  the  larvae  of  Haplonyx 
Hopei,  which  get  inside  and  feed  upon  the  female  galls. 

Of  parasitic  Coleoptera  (Family  Curculionidcs)  I  have  bred 
Haplo7iyx  Hojyei,  Bolim.,  from  the  galls  of  this  Brachyscelid. 

Schrader  in  his  paper  gives  a  drawing  of  the  male  galls  of  this 
species  on  the  twigs,  but  there  must  be  some  mistake,  as  I  am 
certain  that  the  male  galls  ai-e  always  produced  upon  the  females. 

Brachyscelis  Thorntoni,  n.sp.     (PI.  VI.  fig.  6.) 

9.  Gall  small,  slightly  rounded  at  base,  cylindrical,  faintly 
ribbed  on  the  sides,  narrowing  towards  the  apex,  which  is  trun- 
cate, the  apical  orifice  small,  encircled  by  a  slight  ridge  ;  length 
8  lines,  diameter  If  lines  ;  chamber  containing  coccid  conical, 
walls  solid  but  thin. 

9.  Coccid  pale  yellow,  cylindrical,  rounded  at  top  of  head  and 
thoracic  segments,  which  are  much  wrinkled ;  legs  small  ;  abdo- 
minal segments  narrow,  divisions  sharply  defined,  lightly  fringed 
with  hairs  on  the  outer  margins  •  coming  to  a  sharp  point  at  anal 
segment  ;  anal  appendages  long,  slender,  distinctly  separated  at 
the  base,  but  close  together  until  close  to  the  tips,  where  they 
open  outwards,  tips  truncate  ;  upper  side  shining,  head  and 
thoracic  segments  with  a  few  scattered  hairs  ;  abdominal  segments 
fringed  on  the  outer  edges  with  short  hairs;  1st  segment  spineless; 
2nd  and  3rd  with  a  few  scattered  spines  along  the  centre ;  4th 
and  5th  with  a  regular  line  of  spines  along  the  ajdcal  edges ;  6th 
with  row  of  stout  spines  along  the  apex  ;  anal  segment  ferruginous, 
slender  ;  length  4  lines. 


•s/ 


372  NOTES    ON    THE    FAMILY    BBACHYSCELIDiE. 

(J.  Galls  growing  out  from  the  side  of  the  9  gall  just  below  the 
apical  orifice  into  a  large  mushroom-like  mass,  the  outer  side 
covered  with  a  wrinkled  epidermis  ;  on  the  under  side  the  tubular 
male  galls  are  all  separated  from  each  other,  short,  straight, 
reddish-brown  in  colour,  most  of  them  toothed  at  the  apex  ;  a 
very  fine  specimen  obtained  from  Newcastle  district  is  17  lines  at 
its  greatest  width  and  contains  over  three  hundred  male  galls  in 
the  one  mass. 

Hah. — Newcastle,  on  E.  sp.  (R.  Thornton). 

This  remarkable  gall  was  found  in  the  Newcastle  district  by 
Mr.  R.  Thornton,  the  well-known  bush  naturalist,  to  whom  I  am 
indebted  for  a  very  fine  collection  of  several  species  of  Brachyscelid 
galls. 

It  is  closely  allied  to  B.  pharetrata  and  B.  nux,  OllifF,  but  differs 
considerably  from  both.  The  female  galls  often  spring  out  in 
clusters  of  five  or  six  at  the  base  of  the  leaves,  and  when  immature 
look  like  a  bunch  of  finger-shaped  excrescences. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATES. 

Fig.  ]. — Brachyscelis  miiior :  a  and  h  two  stages  of  female  galls  ;  r  female 
galls  ;  d  adult  female  coccus. 

Fig.  2. — B.  variabilis :  female  gall  whole  {e)  and  in  section  (/). 

Fig.  0. — B.  conica  :  g  female  galls  ;  h  male  galls. 

Fig.  4. — B.  Bciuerkni :  female  galls. 

Fig.  5. — B.  rugosa:  female  galls  i,  and  adult  female  coccus./. 

Fig.  6.— S.  Thorntoni :  female  galls. 

Fig.  7.  —B.  poniiformis :    Jc  female  gall  seen  from  above  ;    I  under   view 
showing  attachment  to  twig. 

(All  figures  of  the  natural  size.) 


373 


NOTES    AND    EXHIBITS. 

Mr.  R.  Etheridge,  jun.,  exhibited  the  seeds  of  a  j)alm,  66  feet 
high,  from  Giles'  Glen  of  Palms,  near  the  Mission  Station,  Finck 
River,  Central  Australia.  Also  the  seeds  of  the  "  Bean-tree," 
possibly  an  Erythrina,  from  Macdonald  Ranges,  Central  Australia ; 
the  seeds  are  strung  and  used  as  necklaces  by  the  aborigines,  who 
use  the  w^ood  of  the  same  tree  for  producing  fire  by  friction,  and 
also  for  shields,  on  account  of  its  lightness. 

Mr.  Maiden  exhibited  flowering  and  fruiting  specimens  of  the 
new  Uakea  from  Wallsend. 

Mr.  Hedley  wished  it  to  be  noted  that  he  now  regards  the  shell, 
jointly  figured  and  described  (P.L.S.N.S.W.  (2),  vi.  p.  558)  by 
Mr.  Musson  and  himself  uuder  the  name  of  Pujm  anodonta,  as  a 
second  species  of  the  genus  Heterocyclus,  instituted  by  Crosse 
(Journ.  de  Conch.  Vol.  xx.  1872,  p.  156)  for  the  reception  of  H. 
peo'roquini,  Crosse,  from  New  Caledonia.  This  genus  is  considered 
by  Fischer  (Manuel  de  Conchyliologie,  p.  735)  equivalent  to 
Lyogyrus,  a  member  of  the  Valvatidce. 

]\[r.  Froggatt  exhibited  a  large  series  of  mounted  specimens  of 
the  Brachyscelid  coccids  and  galls  mentioned  in  his  paper,  together 
with  a  number  of  the  parasites. 

Mr.  OUitt'  also  showed  a  fine  collection  of  Brachyscelid  galls, 
with  which  he  proposed  to  deal  at  a  future  meeting. 


374 


WEDNESDAY,  OCTOBER  26th,  1892. 


The  President,  Professor  Haswell,  M.A.,  D.Sc,  in  the  Chair. 


Mr.  A.  Henn  was  present  as  a  visitor. 


DONATIONS. 

"  Colonial  Museum  and  Geological  Survey  of  New  Zealand — 
Twenty -fourth  and  Twenty-sixth  Annual  Reports  (1889-90  and 
1890-91)  :  Reports  of  Geological  Explorations  during  1888-89." 
From  R.  Etheridge,  Junr.,  Esq. 

"  Imperial  University  of  Japan — Calendar  for  the  years  1890-91 
and  1891-92."     From  the  Utiiversity. 

Four  pamphlets  entitled — "TheTugeri  Head-hunters  of  New 
Guinea."  By  Professor  A.  C.  Haddon  (1891)  :  "The  newly- 
hatched  Larva  of  Euphyllia."  By  Professor  A.  C.  Haddon  (1891): 
"A  Revision  of  the  British  Actinese."  Part  ii.— Zoanthese.  By 
Professor  A.  C.  Haddon  and  Miss  A.  M.  Shackelton,  B.A.  (1891)  : 
"  Reports  on  the  Zoological  Collections  made  in  Torres  Straits." 
Actinese.  Part  i. — Zoanthese.  By  Professor  A.  C.  Haddon  and 
Miss  A.  M.  Shackelton,  B.A.  (18&1).     From  Professor  Haddon. 

"  Royal  Irish  Academy  — Cunningham  Memoirs."  No.  vii. 
(July,  1892).     From  the  Academy. 

" Zoologischer  Anzeiger."  xv.  Jahrg.  Nos.  399-400  (August- 
September,  1892).      From  the  Editor. 


DONATIONS.  375 

"Perak  Government  Gazette."  Vol.  v.  Nos.  28-29  (August- 
September,  1892).     From  the  Government  Secretary. 

"  Pharmaceutical  Journal  of  Australasia."  Vol.  v.  No.  9 
(September,  1892).     From  the  Editor. 

"Societe  Royale  de  Geographie  d'Anvers — Bulletin."  Tome 
xvi.,  4^  Fasc.  (1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Societe  Zoologique  de  France — Memoires."  Tome  v.  Nos.  2-3 
(1892).     From  the  Society. 

"Victorian  Naturalist."  Vol.  ix.  No.  6  (October,  1892). 
From  the  Field  Naturalists'  Club  of  Victoria. 

"  Hamilton  Association — Journal  and  Proceedings."  No.  viii. 
(1891-92).     From  the  Association. 

"  Geological  and  Natural  History  Survey  of  Canada — Contri- 
butions to  Canadian  Micro- Palaeontology."  Part  iv.  By  Dr.  D. 
Riist  (1892).     From  the  Director. 

"Smithsonian  Institution — United  States  National  Museum — 
Annual  Report  for  1890."  pp.  384-394  (1892).  From  the 
Museum. 

"  American  Naturalist."  Vol.  xxvi.  No.  309  (September, 
1892).     From  the  Editors. 

"  Canadian  Record  of  Science."  Vol.  v.  Nos.  1  and  3  (1892). 
From  the  Natural  History  Society,  Montreal. 

"  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture — Division  of  Ento- 
mology— Insect  Life."  Vol.  iv.  Nos.  11-12  (August,  1892).  Fro7n 
the  Secretary  of  Agriculture. 

"  Australasian  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science — 
Proceedings  of  Section  D."  (one  sheet),  1892.     From  the  Secretary. 

"  Geological  Survey  of  India — Records."  Vol.  xxv.  Part  3 
(1892).     From  the  Survey. 

"  Naturhistorisches  Museum  in  Hamburg — Mitteilungen."  ix. 
Jahrgang,  Zweite  Halfte  (1891).     From,  the  Museum. 


376  DONATIONS. 

"Agricultural  Gazette  of  N.S.W."  Index  to  Vol.  ii  ;  Vol.  iii. 
Part  9  (September,  1892).     From  the  Director  of  Agriculture. 

■'Societe  Royale  Linneeniie  de  Bruxelles — Bulletin."  xvii"'" 
Annee,  No.  9  (September,  1892).     From  the  Society. 

"Horse  Societatis  Entomologicje  Rossicje."  T.  xxvi.  (1891). 
From  the  Society. 

"  Archiv  fiir  Naturgeschichte."  Iviii.  Jahrgang  (1892),  i.  Band, 
2  Heft.     From  the  Editor. 

"  Department  of  Mines  and  Geological  Survey  of  N.S.W. — 
Records."     Vol.  iii.  Part  1  (1892).     From  the  Hon.  the  Ifinister 

for  Mines. 

"  Australasian  Journal  of  Pharmacy."  Vol.  vii.  No.  82  (Octo 
ber,  1892).     From  the  Editor. 

"  Australian  Museum,  Sydney — Report  of  the  Trustees  for  the 
year  1891."     From  the  Trustees. 

"  Nederlandsche  Entomologische  Vereeniging — Tijdschrift  voor 
Entomologie."  xxxiv.  Deel,  3-4  Aflevering.  (1891).  From  the 
Society. 

"  Gesellschaft  fiir  Erdkunde  zu  Berlin — Zeitschrift."  Bd.  xxvii. 
(1892),  No.  2.     From  the  Society. 

Two  pamphlets  entitled — "  The  Great  Austral  Plain,  its  Past, 
Present,  and  Future."  By  E.  Favenc  (1881)  ;  "Aboriginal  Songs : 
A  few  words  of  their  language  and  misspelt  names  of  places." 
By  S.  M.  Mowle  (1891).     From  C.  Hedley,  Esq.,  F.L.S. 


377 


PAPERS    READ. 


NOTE  ON  THE  FRUCTIFICATION  OF  GLOSSOPTERIS. 
By  John  Mitchell,  Public  School,  Narellan. 


The  detection  of  fructification  on  Glossojjteris  is  so  I'are  that  the 
record  of  even  suspected  cases  of  its  detection  must  be  of  interest 
to  palaeontologists.  It  is  for  that  reason  that  I  briefly  note  what 
appears  to  me  to  be  an  instance  of  fructification  on  a  fragment  of 
Glossopteris  broivniana  (?).  Feistmantel*  states  that  in  the  Indian 
vai'iety  of  G.  broivniana  he  has  observed  rounded  sori  placed 
in  longitudinal  rows  between  the 
margin  and  midrib.  Mr.  Carruthers 
thought  that  in  a  Queensland  speci- 
men of  the  same  species,  he  observed 
linear  sori  running  along  the  veins 
between  the  margin  and  midrib,  and 
nearer  the  former  than  the  latter.t 
Tliis  reference  of  Mr.  Carruthers  is 
all,  I  believe,  that  has  been  written 
on  the  fructification  of  Australian 
Glossopte7'is,  and  amounts  to  nothing 
affii-mative. 

My  specimen  consists  of  the  distal 
portion  of  a  frond  two  and  one-fifth 
(■J!)  inches  in  length,  and  of  this  the 
right  side  is  missing  from  near  the 
midrib.  On  the  left  side  are  tliree 
suboval,  convex  impressions,  place<l 
longitudinally  between  the  midrib  and 

*  "  Coal  and  Plant-beariug  Beds  of  Palaeozoic  and  Mesozoic  Age  in 
Eastern  Australia,"  &c.  Mem.  Geol.  Siu'v.  of  N.S.W,,  Palajontology,  No. 
iii.  (1890). 

t  Q.J.G.S.  1872. 


378  NOTE   ON    THE    FRUCTIFICATION    OF   GLOSSOPTERIS. 

margin  and  rather  less  than  half  the  distance  from  the  margin 
that  they  are  from  the  midrib.  The  two  nearest  the  distal  end 
are  very  clearly  outlined  and  exhibit  just  such  features  as  would 
be  expected  in  sori ;  the  proximal  one  is  rather  faint.  They  are 
iiths  of  an  inch  apart,  from  centre  to  centre,  and  ^  of  an  inch  in 
their  greatest  diameter.  In  character  these  sori  (for  such  I  take 
them  to  be)  approach  those  which  Dr.  Feistmantel  has  observed 
in  the  Indian  G.  hrowniana,  and  will  bring  the  Indian  and  Aus- 
tralian fossil  into  closer  relationship  than  that  eminent  palaeonto- 
logist was  disposed  to  admit  them.  The  stone  on  which  the 
impression  is  preserved  is  a  very  fine-grained  chert  from  the 
Newcastle  Beds  at  Lake  Macquarie  Road,  near  Charlestown. 


OBSERVATIONS  ON  CERTAIN  UNDESCRIBED  GALL- 
MAKING  COCCID^  OF  THE  SUB-FAMILY  BRACHY- 

By  a.  Sidney  Olliff,  Government  Entomologist,  New  South 
Wales. 


*  This  Paper  will  appear  in  the  Macleay  Memorial  Volume. 


379 


SOME  NEW  SOUTH  WALES  PLANTS  ILLUSTRATED. 

By  R.  T.  Baker,  Assistant  Curator,  Technological  Museum, 
Sydney. 

No.  iii.  Acacia  pugioniformis,  Wendl. 

(Plate  VIII.) 

My  object  in  delineating  this  species  is  to  record  for  the  first 
time  a  description  of  the  pod,  hitherto  unknown. 

The  description  of  this  Acacia  in  the  Flora  Australiensis  (Vol. 
ii.  p.  338)  reads  as  follows  :— 

"  A  tall  glabrous  shrub,  with  slender  slightly  angular  branches. 
Phyllodia  rather  numerous,  straight  or  slightly  curved,  mostly 
erect,  linear-subulate  IJ  to  2  rarely  3  inches  long,  abruptly  ter- 
minating in  a  short  straight  point,  nearly  tetragonous  by  a 
prominent  nerve  on  each  side.  Stipules  miiaute.  Peduncles 
solitary  or  2  together,  or  3  lines  or  rarely  ^  inch  long,  bearing 
each  a  globular  head  of  numerous  flowers,  mostly  5  merous. 
Sepals  linear-spatulate,  ciliate,  at  length  free  about  ^  as  long  as 
the  corolla.  Petals  smooth,  with  a  prominent  midrib.  Pod 
unknown." 

To  this  may  be  added  : — 

Pod  varying  in  length  from  1-1|  inches,  with .  a  uniform 
breadth  of  about  2  lines  ;  elongated,  straight,  convex  over  the 
seed,  and  with  slightly  thickened  margins.  Seed  obovate-oblong, 
longitudinal,  1^  lines  long  ;  funicle  shortly  folded  and  thickened 
into  a  small  ai'il  under  the  base  of  the  seed. 

Ilab. — Port    Jackson    to    Blue     Mountains    (Fl.    Austr.),    La 
Perouse,  Middle  Harbour,  Woodford,  N.S.W. 
26 


380  SOME   NEW   SOUTH   WALES   PLANTS   ILLUSTRATED. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE. 

(Plate  VIII.) 

Acacia  ptigioni/ormis,  WendL 

Fig.  I. — Portion  of  a  phyllodium  (enlarged). 

Fig.  2.— Pistil  (enlarged). 

Fig.  3. — Unexpanded  flower  (enlarged). 

Fig.  4. — Bracts  (enlarged). 

Fig.  5. — Front  and  back  views  of  a  stamen  (enlarged). 

Fig.  6. — Expanded  flower  (enlarged). 

Fig.  7.— Pod  (nat.  size). 

Fig.  8. — Section  of  pod,  seed  in  situ  (nat.  size). 

Fig.  9. — Portion  of  fruit  valve  with  seed  (enlarged). 


NOTES   AND    EXHIBITS. 

Mr.  W.  W.  Froggatt  exhibited  a  twig  of  Eucalyptus  robusta, 
attacked  by  "  lerp  "-making  Psyllee,  together  with  mounted  speci- 
mens of  the  lerp  and  perfect  insects,  A  large  number  of  the  trees 
liave  had  their  foliage  entirely  destroyed  by  the  countless  numbers 
of  the  larvae  of  the  insects. 

Mr.  A.  Sidney  Olliff  exhibited  drawings  of  the  galls  and  coccids 
described  in  his  paper.  Also  specimens  of  a  very  large  earwig, 
Anisolabris  colossea,  Dohrn,  from  the  Richmond  and  Tweed  River 
districts,  the  examples  exhibited  being  more  than  twice  the  size 
of  Dohrn's  types. 


381 


WEDNESDAY,  NOVEMBER  30th,  1892. 


The  President,  Professor  Haswell,  M.A.,  D.Sc,  in  the  Chair. 


Baron  von  Berg,  and  Messrs,  W.  H.  Elliott  and  J,  Coates  were 
introduced  as  visitors. 


Mr.  J.  Hill,  Demonstrator  of  Biology,  Sydney  University,  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Society. 


The  President  announced  that  a  Special  General  Meeting  would 
be  held  on  Monday,  December  12th,  at  4  o'clock  p.m.,  in  the 
Board  Room,  Free  Public  Library,  by  kind  permission  of  the 
principal  Librarian.  Business :  to  consider  the  proposed  New 
Rules. 


DONATIONS. 

"  L'Acad^mie  Royale  des  Sciences,  Amsterdam — Jaarboek  voor 
1891  ;  Verslagen."  Derde  Reeks,  Achtste  Deel  (1891).  From 
the  Academy. 

"  British  Museum  (Natural  Histoiy) — Catalogue  of  Birds." 
Vols.  xvi.  and  xvii.  (1892).     From  the  Trustees. 

"  Royal  Society  of  London — Proceedings."  Vol.  11.  No.  313 
(1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Hooker's  Icones  Plantarum."  Fourth  Series.  Vol.  iii. 
Part  2  (September,  1892).     From  the  Bentham  Trustees. 

Pamphlet  entitled — "  A  new  British  Hepatic."  By  W.  H. 
Pearson  (September,  1892).     From  the  Author. 


382  DONATIONS. 

"  Cambridge  Philosophical  Society — Proceedings."  Vol.  vii. 
Part  6  (1892)  :  "Transactions."  Vol.  xv.  Part  3  (1892).  From 
the  Society. 

"  Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington — Annual  Report  of  the 
Board  of  Regents  to  July,  1890."     From  the  Secretary. 

"  United  States  National  Museum,  Washington  :  Special  Bulle- 
tin No.  1 — Life  Histories  of  North  American  Birds."  By  C. 
Bendire  (1892) :  "Proceedings."  Vol.  xv.  Nos.  905-907,  909-910 
(1892).     From  the  MusPAim. 

"Bureau  of  Ethnology,  Washington  —  Bibliography  of  the 
Algonquian  Languages."  By  J.  C.  Pilling  (1891).  Fro7n  the 
Director. 

"  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture — Division  of  Ento- 
mology— Insect  Life."  Vol.  v.  No.  1  (1892).  From  the  Secretary 
of  Agriculture. 

"  Nova  Scotian  Institute  of  Science,  Halifax  —  Proceedings 
and  Transactions."  Second  Series,  Vol.  i.  Part  1  (1890-91). 
From  the  Institute. 

"  American  Museum  of  Natural  History — Twenty-third  Annual 
Report"  (1891):  "Bulletin."  Vol.  iv.  No.  1,  pp.  81-111  (Sep- 
tember, 1892).     From  the  Museum. 

"American  Naturalist."  Vol.  xxvi.  No.  310  (October,  1892). 
From  the  Editor. 

"  American  Philosophical  Society,  Philadelphia — Proceedings." 
Vol.  XXX.  Nos.  137-138  (1892).     From  the  Society. 

"Cincinnati  Society  of  Natural  History — Journal."  Vol.  xv. 
No.  1  (April,  1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Geological  and  Natural  History  Survey  of  Canada — Annual 
Report  for  1888-89."  New  Series,  Vol.  iv.  Parts  D.  and  N. 
(12  sheets).     From  the  Director. 

"  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelphia — Proceedings  for 
1880."     Parts  i.-iii. :  1892,  Part  i.     From  the  Academy. 

Pamphlet  entitled — "  Notes  on  Palaeozoic  Crustacea."  No.  2. 
By  A.  W.  Vogdes  (1892).     From  the  Author. 

"  Wisconsin  Academy  of  Sciences,  Arts,  and  Letters — Trans- 
actions."    Vol.  viii.  (1888-1891).     From  the  Academy. 


DONATIONS.  383 

"Johns  Hopkins  University  Circulars."  Vol.  xi.  No.  98 
(May,  1892).     From  the  University. 

"  University  of  Sydney — Chancellor's  Annual  Address  for  the 
years  1886,  1887,  1890,  1891,  and  1892."     From  the  Registrar. 

"  South  Australia — Report  of  the  Board  of  Governors  of  the 
Public  Library,  Museum,  and  Art  Gallery,  with  the  Reports  of 
the  Standing  Committees  for  1891-92."  From  the  General  Direc- 
tor and  Secretary. 

"  Pharmaceutical  Journal  of  Australasia."  Vol.  v.  No.  10 
(October,  1892).     From  the  Editor. 

"  A  Bibliography  of  Australian  Economic  Botany."  Part  i. 
[Technical  Education  Series,  No.  10].  By  J.  H.  Maiden,  F.L.S., 
F.C.S.  (1892).     From  the  Author. 

"Victorian  Naturalist."  Vol.  ix.  No.  7  (November,  1892). 
From  the  Field  Naturalists^  Club  of  Victoria. 

"Department  of  Agriculture,  Tasmania — Bulletin."  No.  1 — ■ 
"A  Handbook  to  the  Insect  Pests  of  Farm  and  Orchard."  Part  1. 
By  E.  H.  Thompson  (1892).     From  t/te  Author. 

"  Geological  Survey  of  India — Contents  and  Index  to  Vols, 
i.-xx.  of  the  Memoirs"  (1859-1883):  "Index  to  the  Genera  and 
Species  described  in  the  Palseontologia  Indica  up  to  the  year 
1891."     From  the  Director. 

"Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal — Journal."  Vol.  Ixi.  (1892),  Parti. 
No.  2 ;  Part  ii.  No.  2  :  "  Proceedings,  1892."  Nos.  4-7  (April- 
July).     Froin  the  Society. 

"  Perak  Government  Gazette."  Vol.  v.  Nos.  28-29,  32-34 
(August-October,  1892).     From  the  Government  Secretary. 

"  Zoologischer  Anzeigei'."  xv.  Jahrg.,  Nos.  401-402  (September- 
October,  1892).     From  the  Editor. 

"  Societe  d'Horticulture  du  Doubs,  Besan(^on — Bulletin."  Nou- 
velle  Serie,  No.  21  (September,  1892).     Frotn  the  Society. 

"Archives  Neerlandaises  des  Sciences  Exactes  et  Naturelles." 
Tome  xxv.  5™®  Livraison ;  Tome  xxvi.  2™**  Livraison  (1892). 
From  the  Society. 

"  Societe  des  Naturalistes  de  la  Nouvelle-Russie,  Odessa — 
M6moires."     T.  xvii.  No.  1  (1892).     From  the  Society. 


384  DONATIONS. 

"Koniglich  Bohmische  Gesellschaft  der  Wissenschaften  in  Piag 
— Abhandlungen."  vii.  Folge,  4  Band  (1892):  "  Jahresbericht 
fiir  das  Jahr  1891":  "Sitzungsberichte,  1891."     From  tJie  Society. 

"Societe  Beige  de  Microscopie — Bulletin."  Tome,  xviii.  Nos. 
8-9  (1 89 1  -92).     From  the  Society. 

'*  Naturhistorischer  Verein  der  Preussischen  Rheinlande,  West- 
falens  und  des  Reg.-Bez.  Osnabriick — Verhandlungen."  Fiinfte 
Folge,  ix.  Jahrgang  (1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Senckenbergische  naturforschende  Gesellschaft  in  Frankfurt 
a.  M.— Abhandlungen."  xvii.  Band  (1884-91);  Bericht,  1892; 
"Katalog  der  Batrachia-Sammlung  im  Museum"  (1892).  From 
the  Society. 

"  K.  K.  Naturhistorisches  Hofmuseum  in  Wien  —  Annalen." 
Band  iv.  Nr.  1  (1889).     From  the  Museum. 

"  Society  Zoologique  de  France — Memoires."  Tome  v.  Part  4 
(1892) ;  "  Bulletin."     T.  xvii.,  No.  6  (1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Royal  Society  of  Victoria — Proceedings."  New  Series.  Vol. 
iv.  Part  2  (1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Department  of  Mines,  N.S.W.  —  Memoirs  :  Palaeontology. 
No.  5 — A  Monograph  of  the  Carboniferous  and  Permo-Carboni- 
ferous  Invertebrata  of  New  South  Wales."  Part  ii.  By  R, 
Etheridge,  Junr.  (1892).     From  the  Hon.  the  Minister  for  Mines. 

"Agricultural  Gazette  of  N.S.W."  Vol.  iii.  Part  10  (October, 
1892).     From  the  Director  of  Agriculture. 

"  Academie  Imperiale  des  Sciences  de  St.  Petersbourg  — 
Memoires."  vii*^  Serie,  Tome  xxxviii.  Nos.  7-8  (1891)  ;  Tome 
xxxix.  (1891).      From  the  Academy. 

"  Verein  fiir  vaterliindische  Naturkunde  in  Wiirttemberg — 
Jahreshefte."     xlviii.  Jahrgang  (1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Australasian  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science — 
Proceedings  of  Section  D."     Nos.  7-8  (1892).     From  the  Secretary. 


385 


PAPERS   READ. 


ON  THE  SUPPOSED  NEW  ZEALAND  SPECIES  OF 
LEPTOPOMA. 

By  O.  F.  von  Moellbndorff,  Ph.D. 

(Communicated  by  C.  Hedley.) 

Mr.  H.  Suter  sent  me  a  few  examples  of  the  so-called  Lepto2)oma 
species  of  New  Zealand,  expressing  some  doubts  on  the  systematic 
position  hitherto  assigned  to  them,  and  asking  my  opinion  on  the 
subject,  as  he  himself  was  in  want  of  the  necessary  literature  and 
specimens  for  comparison,  whilst  he  supposed  that  I,  living  in  the 
centre  of  distribution  of  the  Cyclophoridce,  viz.,  Eastern  Asia, 
should  have  more  experience  in  the  study  of  operculate  pulmonata. 
Mr.  Suter  points  out  the  evident  relation  of  these  shells  with 
Cyclophorus  cytora,  Gray,  and  ])roposes  they  should  form,  together 
with  that  species,  a  separate  subgenus  of  Cyclophorus. 

The  study  of  the  rather  scant  material  before  me  and  the 
comparison  of  the  numerous  small  cyclophoroid  forms  of  Eastern 
Asia  and  Indonesia  have  led  me  to  the  conclusion  that  the  New 
Zealand  species  in  question  belong  to  Lagochilus,  Blfd.  The 
operculum  is  certainly  that  of  Cyclophorus,  Lagochilus  or  Lepto- 
poma,  there  existing  but  minute  differences  in  this  respect  between 
the  three  genera.  Likewise  the  dentition  and  the  outer  aspect  of 
the  animal  as  described  by  Prof.  Hutton  correspond  perfectly  with 
that  of  the  subfamily  of  Cyclophorince.  The  conical  shape,  the 
small  size,  the  thin  but  opaque  and  scarcely  transparent  shell,  its 
more  or  less  dark  colour,  the  peculiar  structure  of  the  cuticula, 
forming  thin,  deciduous  ribs  occasionally  produced  into  mem- 
branaceous processes  or  fimhrioi,  the  angle  formed  by  the  upper 
margin  of  the  peristome  at  its  insertion,  all  decidedly  point  to 


386     ON  THE  SUPPOSED  NEW  ZEALAND  SPECIES  OP  LEPTOPOMA. 

Lagochilus.  The  chief  peculiarity  of  that  genus,  expressed  by  its 
name,  viz.,  a  slit  or  incision  in  the  upper  lip  at  its  insertion,  is 
formed  by  the  margins,  or  rather  the  upper  margin  and  the 
parietal  callosity,  meeting  in  an  angle  and  is  of  course  distinctly 
visible  only  in  those  species  which  liave  a  thickened  lip  and 
connected  margins,  but  there  are  many  recognised  species  of 
Lagochilus  with  a  thin  lip  and  remote  margins  in  which  the  above- 
mentioned  formation  is  only  represented  by  the  angular  insertion 
of  the  upper  margin.  Of  the  New  Zealand  species  Lagochilus 
cytora,  Gray,  belongs  to  the  tirst  group,  having  a  double  lip  and 
continuous  peristome  and  showing  a  distinct  slit  or  groove  at  tlie 
upper  angle  of  the  aperture,  whilst  L.  pannosum,  Hutt.,  calvuvi, 
Hutt.,  pallidum,  Hutt.,  and  the  new  species,  L.  torquillum,  Suter, 
are  formed  in  the  latter  way. 

The  question  whether  my  classification  is  correct  or  not  can  only 
be  decided  with  certainty  by  the  examination  of  the  animals,  as 
Lagochilus  is  characterised  by  a  glandular  slit  in  the  extremity  of 
the  foot.  Judging,  however,  from  the  shells  alone,  I  have  very 
little  doubt  that  the  species  in  question  belong  to  Lagochilus. 
They  differ  from  the  species  known  to  me  by  the  absence  of  elevated 
spiral  lines  or  keels  and  by  the  more  conically  elevated,  almost 
pyramidate  shape,  but  I  do  not  think  it  necessary  to  create  a 
special  section  for  them,  at  least  not  before  the  geographical  dis- 
tribution of  Lagochilus  is  more  fully  known.  The  genus  ranges 
from  India  and  China  to  the  Philippines,  the  Malayan  Archipelago 
and  New  Guinea  {L.  trilirahim,  Pfr.,  jjoirierii,  Tapp.-Can.,  and 
perhaps  also  rugatellum,  Tapp.-Can.,  described  as  Cyclotus).  I 
am  all  but  sure  that  Cyclophorus  liricinctus,  Bens.,  and  C.  orbicu- 
latus,  Bens.,  from  Western  Australia,  both  of  which  are  described 
with  "  apertura  superne  angulata,"  the  latter  besides  "  subcanali- 
culata,"  belong  to  our  genus.  Cyclophorus  tvhitei,  Braz.,  of  Fitzroy 
Island,  might  also  be  a  Lagochilus,  but  possibly  as  well  a  Ditropis, 
as  Brazier  contends.  The  genus  may  yet  be  discovered  on  the 
Melanesian  islands;  Cyclophorus  fornicatus,  Pfr.,  from  the  New 
Hebrides,  I  feel  inclined  to  con.sider  a  representative  of  Lagochilus. 


387 


SCHIZOGLOSSA;  A   NEW  GENUS  OF  CARNIVOROUS 

SNAILS. 

By  C.  Hedley,  F.L.S. 
(Plates  IX. -X.) 

After  describing  his  ascent  of  Kakepuku,  a  hill  in  the  Middle 
Waikato  Basin,  1531  feet  high,  situated  near  the  junction  of  the 
Waipa  and  Mangawero  Rivers,  Hochstetter  says  (New  Zealand, 
English  Edition,  1867,  p.  317)  :  "The  top  is  said  to  have  formerly 
been  fortified  and  cultivated  ;  only  on  the  south-west  side  there  is 
a  small  tract  of  forest  remaining,  which  the  chief,  who  is  the 
owner  of  that  ground,  had  ordered  to  be  spared.  This  sylvan 
grove  welcomed  us  to  its  cooling  shade,  and  was  moreover  found 
to  be  rich  in  small,  but  also  rare  landshells.  Besides  numerous 
small  species  of  Helix,  Bealia  turricidata,  Pfr.,  and  Daudebardia 
novoseelandica,  Pfr.,  are  found  here  frequently." 

From  specimens  there  collected  Pfeifter  described  [Malak.  Blatt., 
Vol.  viii.,  1861  (1862),  p.  146]  Daudebardia  novoseelandica* 
remarking  that  he  had  no  information  of  this  animal,  the  shell 
of  which  was  larger  than  that  of  any  known  Daudebardia. 
Translations  (Manual  of  the  New  Zealand  Mollusca,  1880,  p.  12, 
&c.)  and  reprints  (Mon.  Hel,  Viv.  v.  p.  10,  &c.)  of  Pfeiffer's 
original  diagnosis  constitute  the  remainder  of  the  literature 
relating  to  this  species.  No  animals  seem  to  have  reached 
the  hands  of  any  naturalist,  and  no  figures  of  the  shell  have 
been  published.  Prof.  Hutton  described  (Trans.  N.Z.  Inst. 
Vol.  xiv.  p.  152)  the  exterior  and  the  dentition  of  a  snail  deprived 
of  its    shell,   under   the    illusion   that  he   was    dealing    with  D. 

*  Dr.  von  Martens  has  proposed  (Critical  List  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  v.)  to  reduce 
all  specific  names  meaning  of  or  from  New  Zealand  to  the  common  form  of 
neozelauicas,  but,  except  to  correct  an  evident  misprint  or  obvious  eiTor  in 
spelling,  it  is  undesirable  to  swerve  from  fixity  of  nomenclature. 


388  A   NEW   GENUS   OF   CARNIVOROUS   SNAILS, 

novoseelandica,  the  shell  but  not  the  animal  of  which  he  knew. 
Complete  specimens  from  the  same  source  proved  later  (Op.  cit. 
"Vol.  XV.,  p.  140)  to  be  a  species  of  Testacella. 

Mr.  Brazier,  having  recently  received  from  Mr.  R.  Murdoch,  of 
Wanganui,  N.Z.,  specimens  of  this  mollusc  collected  by  that 
gentleman  near  Stratford,  a  township  inland  from  Mt.  Egmont, 
has,  most  liberally,  placed  these  treasures  at  my  disposal  for 
dissection  and  description.  These  animals  had,  I  understand,  been 
carefully  drowned  in  water  before  being  placed  in  alcohol,  and 
probably  present  a  tolerable  resemblance  to  the  living  snails. 
Their  external  appearance  is  quite  suggestive  of  the  European 
carnivores  Daudebardia  and  Testacella;  the  rudimentary  shell 
quaintly  perched  on  the  creature's  tail,  the  auriform  shape  of  that 
shell  and  the  aculeate  teeth  of  the  radula  all  combine  to  present  a 
strong,  but  I  am  persuaded  a  superficial  and  misleading,  likeness 
to  their  antipodean  representatives.  Closer  examination  detects 
differences  in  every  detail.  Comparing  the  pulmonary  orifices : 
that  of  Schizoglossa  is  seen,  as  depicted  in  my  sketch,  located  in 
the  usual  antero-lateral  margin  of  the  mantle.  To  contrast  with 
this,  I  have  copied  on  my  plate  fig.  9,  pi.  v.  of  Moquin-Tandon's 
"  Histoire  Naturelle  des  Mollusques  terrestres  et  fluviatiles  de 
France,"  showing  the  totally  different  and  remarkable  position  of 
the  same  orifice  {/)  in  Testacella.  I  am  unacquainted  with  any 
illustration  of  the  foramen  of  Daudebardia,  but  suppose  it  to  be 
similarly  placed,  because  Fischer  says  of  it  (Journ.  de  Conch,  v. 
1856,  p.  16),  "Behind  there  opens  obliquely  the  respiratory  pouch, 
which  is  rather  large  and  extends  opposite  the  point  of  the  foot." 
The  grooves  that  run  outwards  and  downwards  from  the  shell 
along  the  body  in  the  European  genera  are  wanting  in  Schizoglossa. 
The  shells  of  the  three  genera  under  discussion  are  quite  dissimilar, 
the  New  Zealand  shell  standing  alone  as  to  its  remarkable  little 
pit,  excavated  for  the  reception  of  the  shell-muscle;  a  feature  more 
resembling  the  ligament-pit  of  some  bivalves  than  an  ordinary 
columella  muscle-scar. 

Contracted  in  alcohol,  S.  novoseelayidica  is  in  length  20  mm., 
in  height  and  breadth  9  mm.      Behind  the  shell,  situated  upon 


BY   C.  HEDLEY.  389 

the  hinder  half  of  the  body,  the  tail  slightly  projects  ;  it 
is  flat,  without  a  trace  of  a  mucous  gland,  and  bluntly  pointed. 
The  margin  of  the  foot  is  produced  into  a  slight  flange.  A 
pair  of  grooves  running  along  the  median  line  from  the  mantle 
to  the  muzzle  define  a  row  of  small  tubercles.  Right  and  left, 
between  this  median  line  and  the  foot  edge,  there  may  be  traced 
two  indistinct  grooves  proceeding  from  the  mantle  to  the  lips. 
Posterior  to  these  the  surface  is  divided  into  tubercles  by  small 
irregular  grooves  meandering  outwards  and  downwards.  Mantle 
margin  simple,  unlobed,  protruding  around  the  circumference  of 
the  shell.  Sole  without  a  defined  median  area.  Colour  reddish- 
brown,  splashed  with  black,  darkest  above ;  mantle  and  sole  ashy- 
yellow.  The  animal  in  motion  probably  resembles  Paryphanta 
husbyi  as  portrayed  P.L.S.N.S.W.  (2),  ii.  pi.  xx.  fig.  6. 

Shell  rudimentary,  auriform,  thin,  opaque,  oval,  increasing  irregu- 
larly. Colour,  without,  glossy  chestnut  shaded  to  greenish-yellow 
at  the  margin,  spire  tinged  with  pink  ;  within,  nacreous,  gleaming 
white  and  purple,  columella  white.  Whorls  2  ;  tii'st  1^  embryonic, 
succeeding  half  adult,  embryonic  shell  \  of  total  length,  regular, 
well  defined,  commencing  smooth,  afterwards  spirally  grooved  ; 
adult  most  rapidly  increasing,  finger-nail  shaped,  descending  much 
at  the  suture,  coarsely  irregularly  transversely  wrinkled  and 
faintly  spirally  grooved.  Growth  margin  sharp  yet  firm,  exhibit- 
ing no  trace  of  an  epidermal  fringe.  Columella  stout,  below 
terminating  in  a  minute  double  tubercle,  above  broadening  upon 
the  embryonic  whorl  and  excavated  for  the  reception  of  the 
columella  muscle.     Length,  10;  breadth,  7  ;  height,  2  mm. 

Jaw  none. 

Radula  strap-shaped,  12  mm.  long  by  3  broad.  Formula,  61 
rows  of  24  :  0  :  24.  The  central  tooth  is  wanting,  and  probably 
many  others  are  missing  with  it.  Here  and  there  in  the  rachidian 
cleft  (which  suggested  the  generic  name)  appears  a  minute, 
rudimentary  and  unsymmetrical  denticle.  From  this  the  four 
innermost  teeth,  of  a  starved  and  functionless  appearance,  increase 
rapidly  in  size  ;  the  remaining  teeth  are  in  bulk  nearly  equal. 
The  crest  of  the  radula  being  crushed  down  by  the  cover  glass,  the 


390  A   NEW    GENUS    OF    CARNIVOROUS   SNAILS, 

teeth  of  my  illustration  are  seen,  those  to  the  right  pressed  down 
on  their  right  side  and  those  to  the  left  on  their  left.  Viewed 
perpendicularly,  the  teeth  appear  straighter  and  narrower,  pre- 
senting much  resemblance  to  those  figured  and  described  for 
Rhytida  lampra.  The  pharynx  is  enormous,  occupying  almost 
the  whole  length  of  the  visceral  cavity  and  nearly  equalling  in  size 
the  remainder  of  the  viscera.  The  small  stomach  overlies  it  and 
leads  to  a  short  intestine  which  after  passing  close  to  the  heart 
reaches  the  anus  at  the  mantle  margin.  From  the  posterior  end 
of  the  pharynx  a  muscle  proceeds  to  the  shell-muscle.  A  long 
contorted  toot-gland  runs  the  length  of  the  floor  of  the  visceral 
cavity,  originating  beneath  the  mouth  and  terminating  in  a  knob 
within  the  tail. 

The  genital  apparatus  is  of  the  simplest  description.  The  penis- 
sac  is  more  reduced  than  in  any  mollusc  with  which  I  arn 
acquainted,  appearing  to  be  represented  by  a  slight  bulbous 
swelling  near  the  orifice,  a  vas  deferens  arising  therefrom,  and  a 
short  muscle  attaches  this  swelling  to  the  nearest  point  of  the  body 
wall.  I  found  no  spermatheca.  A  complete  egg  in  the  oviduct 
of  one  specimen  dissected  proved  the  maturity  of  the  animal,  and 
the  agreement  of  three  specimens  examined  attested  the  uniformity 
of  this  remarkable  system.  Mr.  Murdoch  found  the  eggs  to  be 
laid  in  the  month  of  August;  he  states  that  "The  eggs  were 
found  principally  under  a  good  thickness  of  decaying  fern  leaves, 
and  were  in  little  heaps  of  from  six  to  as  many  as  fourteen." 
These  eggs  are  white,  hard-shelled,  oval,  4  mm.  major  axis,  3  mm. 
minor  axis,  coarsely  granular  without,  smooth  within.  The 
embryo  in  one  I  opened  was  in  an  early  stage  of  development  and 
had  not  yet  acquired  any  recognisable  molluscan  features. 

Summary. — On  the  evidence  of  the  naked  shell,  {D.)  novosee- 
landica,  Pfr.,  was  referred  to  Daudehardia,  otherwise  exclusively 
a  Pal^earctic  genus.  At  the  first  glance  the  soft  parts  appear  to 
confirm  this  determination.  Closer  scrutiny,  ho^vever,  strengthens 
the  suspicion*  aroused  by  the  supposed  exceptional  distribution. 

*Kobelt  (Jahrb.  Deut.  Mai.  Gesell.  vii.  p.  26)  and  Fischer  (Man.  de 
Conch,  p.  256)  both  catalogue  this  species  as  Daudthardia  {?)  novo^edandica. 


BY   C.  HEDLEY.  391 

Compared  feature  by  feature  with  the  European  carnivores,  radical 
structural  differences  are  detected.  Like  Thylacinus  and  Canis 
or  Notoryctes  and  Chrysochloris,  this  seems  an  instance  where  the 
same  mode  of  life  has  moulded  dissimilar  organisms  to  the  same 
external  form.  Having  divorced  novoseelandica  from  Daudeha.rdia , 
a  new  genus  is  necessary  for  its  reception,  which  may  thus  be 
provisionally  outlined. 

Family  TESTACELLID.E. 
ScHizoGLOSSA,  gen.nov. 

Shell  worn  on  the  tail,  incapable  of  containing  the  body,  and 
reduced  to  the  function  of  a  shield  to  the  lungs  and  heart, 
rudimentary,  paucispiral,  naci-eous  within,  columella  excavated 
into  a  pit  for  the  reception  of  the  shell-muscle.  Animal  lacking 
rachidian  teeth. 

Type  and  only  known  species  S.  novoseelandica,  Pfeiffer. 

ScMzoglossa  appears  to  me  referable  to  that  section  of  the 
Testacellidce  embracing  its  compatriots,  Rhyttda,  Elea  and  Pary- 
phanta,  with  which  the  lack  of  rachidian  teeth  and  the  simplicity 
of  the  genitalia  allies  it.  Of  these  perhaps  Parypho,nta  stands 
the  closest. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATES. 
Plate  ix. 

Fig.     1. — Spirit  specimen  of  Schizof/lossa  novoi^edandica,  Pfr.,  seen  from 

above.     Magnified. 
Fig.    2. — Ditto,   seen   from   tlie   right   side,    showing  respiratory   orifice. 

Magnified. 
Fig.    3. — Posterior  portion  of  shell  of  ditto,  seen  fi-om  beneath,  showing 

muscle-scar  and  tubercles  on  the  columella.     Magnified. 
Fig.    4. — Genital  system  of  ditto.     Magnified. 
Fig.    5. — Tail    of    Testacella    haliotidea,    Draparnaud,    copied    from    the 

"Histoire  Naturelle  des  MoUusques  terrestres  et  fluviatiles  de 

France,"  PI.  v.,  fig.  9,  to  show  position  of  respiratory  orifice 

(/)  for  comparison  with  fig.  2. 


392  A   NEW   GENUS    OF   CARNIVOROUS   SNAILS. 

Plate  x. 

Fig.  6. — Alimentary  canal  of  S.  iwvoseelandica,  showing,  a,  mouth ;  h, 
pharynx ;  c,  retractor  muscles  of  the  latter ;  d,  salivary  glands ; 
/,  stomach  ;  A,  hepatic  ducts  ;  g,  intestine.     Magnified. 

Fig.  7. — Eviscerated  cavity  of  body  of  ditto,  showing  foot-gland  left 
undisturbed.     Magnified. 

Fig.    8. — Egg  of  ditto.     Magnified. 

Fig.  9. — Detail  sketch  of  anterior  portion  of  the  genitalia  of  ditto,  attached 
to  a  scrap  of  the  body  wall  ;  on  the  left  the  right  tentacle 
enters.     Magnified, 


Fig.  10. — Diagram  of  visceral  hump  of  ditto,  shell  and  roof  of  lung  removed, 
showing,  a,  heart ;  b,  shell-muscle ;  c,  kidney  ;  d,  position  of 
anus ;  e,  free  visceral  coil  withdrawn  from  the  initial  shell 
whorl.     Magnified. 

Fig.  11. — Inner  half  row  of  teeth  from  the  radula  of  ditto.     Much  magnified. 


393 


NOTE  ON  GASTRODIA  SESAMOIDES  (R.Br.) 

By  the  Rev.  W.  Woolls,  Ph.D.,  F.L.S. 

I  noticed  in  the  early  part  of  November  last  year,  and  also 
about  the  same  time  in  the  present  year,  several  plants  of  this 
leafless  orchid  growing  at  the  roots  of  a  blue-gum  tree  {Eucalyptus 
globulus,  Labill.)  in  Mr,  Lester's  garden  at  Burwood.  Although 
the  gum-tree  may  be  from  ten  to  fifteen  years  old,  no  one  ever 
noticed  before  November  of  last  year  any  orchids  growing  at  its 
roots,  and  yet  it  is  highly  probable  that  some  of  the  bulbs  of  G. 
sesamoides  accompanied  the  young  tree  at  its  introduction  into  the 
garden.  One  of  the  plants  which  I  measured  was  over  two  feet 
in  height,  with  a  raceme  of  dull  white  flowers  several  inches  long, 
and  a  fusiform  fleshy  root  of  more  than  six  inches.  R.  Brown 
1  egai-ded  this  orchid  as  parasitical,  and  Baron  Mueller  expresses  a 
similar  opinion  (see  "  System  of  Victorian  Plants,"  Vol.  I,  p.  403), 
or  at  all  events  that  it  is  "epirhizal,  like  Epipogum  Gmelini  in 
England."  When  I  wrote  last  year  to  the  late  Mr.  R.  D.  Fitz- 
gerald, F.L.S.,  on  the  strange  appearance  of  G.  sesamoides  in 
Burwood,  he  replied,  "  I  have  found  that  orchid  at  the  Fox  Gully 
near  Lane  Cove,  the  North  Shore,  Mittagong,  and  other  places, 
but  I  do  not  think  it  is  a  common  species  anywhere.  As 
Eucalyptus  globulus  is  not  one  of  our  Eucalypts,  I  cannot  under- 
stand how  the  orchid  could  have  been  transplanted  from  the  bush 
and  made  its  appearance  in  the  garden.  If  the  Eucalypt  had 
been  a  wild  gum-tree,  the  fact  of  this  orchid  being  found  in  such 
a  place  would  have  gone  to  show  that  it  is  a  parasite.  I  have 
never  found  any  great  proof  that  Dipiodium,  Galeola,  and  Gastrodia 
are  parasitical,  though  supposed  to  be  so."  So  far  as  the  last  is 
concerned,  the  tuberous  roots  do  not  appear  parasitical,  nor  as 
deriving  any  nourishment  from  the  trees  at  whose  roots  they  grow, 


394  NOTE    ON    GASTRODIA   SESAMOIDES. 

nor  do  they  seem  to  be  in  any  way  connected  with  another  i)lant. 
From  a  careful  examination  of  several  plants,  I  found  the  roots 
striking  down  perpendicularly  and  perfectly  independent  of  the 
gum-tree,  although  from  their  close  proximity  to  the  butt  of  the 
tree,  it  might  be  supposed  that  they  were  in  some  degree  sustained 
by  it.  All  that  can  be  said  on  the  subject  is  that  the  natural 
habitat  of  G.  sesamoides  is  the  roots  of  gum-trees,  just  as  Mr. 
Fitzgerald's  Pterostylis  Baptistii  delights  in  proximity  to  those  of 
tea-tree  {Melaleuca).  G.  sesamoides  has  nothing  striking  in  its 
appearance,  but  the  species  is  worthy  of  study  from  the  fact  that 
its  flowers  differ  so  much  in  structure  from  those  of  the  orchids 
common  near  Sydney,  the  sepals  and  petals  being  united  in  a  five- 
lobed  tube,  and  the  enclosed  labellum  remarkable  for  its  undulate 
margin  and  raised  lines  confluent  near  the  apex.  The  genus  is 
common  to  Queensland,  N.  S.  Wales,  Victoria,  Tasmania,  New 
Zealand,  and  the  Oriental  Archipelago.  G.  Cunninghami  (Hook.) 
is  very  nearly  allied  to  G.  sesamoides,  and  differs  principally  in  the 
colour  of  its  flowers,  the  size  of  its  roots  (which  used  to  be  eaten 
by  the  New  Zealanders),  and  its  frequent  occurrence  in  deep- 
shaded  woods.     They  are  probably  varieties  of  the  same  species. 


395 


OOLOGICAL   NOTES. 

By  Alfred  J.  North,  F.L.S.,  Assistant  in  Ornithology, 
Australian  Museum, 

I.  Notes  on  the  Nesting-place   and    Eggs  of   Halcyon  sordidus, 
Gould. 

Halcyon  sordidus,  the  Mangrove  Kingfisher. 
TcJioon  gun  gun^  Aborigines  of  Hinchinbrook  Island. 

This  fine  species  of  Halcyon,  exceeding  in  size  all  other  Aus- 
tralian members  of  the  genus,  inhabits  the  mangrove-lined  mouths 
of  the  rivers  and  creeks  of  Northern  and  North-eastern  Australia^ 
being  recorded  at  intervals  along  the  coast-line  and  contiguous 
islands  in  favourable  situations,  from  Port  Darwin  in  the  Northern 
Territory,  to  the  neighbourhood  of  Eraser's  Island  and  Wide  Bay- 
in  South-eastern  Queensland,  and  its  range  also  extends  to  the 
Aru  Islands  and  those  of  the  Lonisiade  Group.  It  never  ventures 
far  inland,  but  is  restricted  in  its  habitat  to  those  estuarine  areas 
and  salt-water  creeks  and  marshes  of  the  coast  which  are  clothed 
with  a  dense  growth  of  mangroves ;  in  these  secure  haunts  it 
obtains  its  food,  which  consists  principally  of  small  fish  and 
crustaceans. 

Mr.  J.  A.  Boyd,  of  the  Herbert  River,  Queensland,  who  has 
contributed  largely  towards  a  knowledge  of  the  nidification  of 
many  birds  in  that  district,  informs  me  that  it  is  not  an  uncommon 
species  on  the  Herbert  and  Seymour  Rivers,  especially  during  the 
winter  months,  Recently  Mr.  Boyd  has  been  successful  in  finding 
the  hitherto  unrecorded  nesting-place  of  this  species,  the  eggs  of 
which  he  has  kindly  forwarded  to  me  for  description,  together 
with  the  following  interesting  notes  relative  to  the  taking  of  them. 
27 


396  OOLOGICAL    NOTES. 

"  While  on  a  trip  to  Hinchinbrook  Island,  I  was  camped  in  the 
beginning  of  October,  1892,  on  a  ridge,  which,  intersecting  the 
forest  of  mangrove,  ran  down  to  a  salt-water  creek  about  two 
miles  from  the  sea.  On  sevei*al  consecutive  days  I  had  noticed  a 
Kingfisher  {H.  sordidus)  settle  on  the  limb  of  a  tree  that  had 
fallen  into  the  stream,  and  stay  there  some  little  time  picking  and 
pluming  herself.  As  she  always  came  from  and  returned  in  the 
same  direction,  I  concluded  that  she  was  breeding,  and  on  the 
6th  inst,  I  traced  her  to  a  Termite  nest  in  a  Blood-wood  tree 
[Eucalyptus  corymbosa]  about  thirty  feet  from  the  ground  and 
leaning  somewhat  over  the  water.  The  tree  was  two  feet  and 
a- half  at  the  base,  and  the  ant  nest  not  a  large  one,  projecting 
only  about  twenty  inches  from  the  limb  on  which  it  was  placed. 
I  sent  up  a  Mackfellow,  ami  he  brought  down  three  eggs,  two  of 
which  were  slightly  incubated,  and  reported  there  was  no  made 
nest,  the  eggs  being  simply  laid  on  the  bare  substance  of  the  ant- 
heap  at  the  end  of  the  burrow.  I  did  not  notice  the  male  bird 
near  the  nest,  but  heard  him  calling  from  a  mangrove  island 
about  two  hundred  yards  away.  I  saw  another  pair  nearer  the 
coast,  but  though  I  searched  on  several  occasions,  failed  to 
discover  their  breeding-place." 

The  above  set  of  eggs  of  H.  sordidus,  which  are  exhibited  here 
to-night,  are  pure  white  and  nearly  round  in  form,  one  specimen 
(A)  being  slightly  compressed  towards  one  end,  the  surface  of  the 
shell  being  very  smooth  and  nearly  lustreless,  and  partaking  less 
of  that  glossy  pearly-whiteness,  characteristic  of  the  known  eggs 
of  all  the  other  members  of  the  Australian  Alcedinidfe.  Length, 
(A)  1-23  X  1-03  inch;   (B)   1-2  x  1-03  inch;  (C)  1-22  x  1-05  inch.* 


*  After  the  above  had  been  sent  to  press,  Mr.  Boyd,  who  was  in  Sydney, 
informed  me  that  on  the  26th  of  December  he  visited  the  nest  of  H.  sordidus 
again  in  company  with  a  black  boy,  who,  on  climbing  the  tree,  reported 
that  "  two  fellow  egg  sit  down."  These  eggs  were  quite  fresh,  and  were 
evidently  laid  by  the  same  bird  that  had  been  robbed  in  October,  although 
the  burrow  in  the  Termite  nest  had  been  roughlj'  broken  into  with  a  toma- 
hawk. On  this  occasion  one  bird  was  flushed  from  the  nest,  the  ©ther  was 
on  a  tree  close  at  hand.  The  eggs  are  similar  to  those  previously  taken, 
and  measure  as  follows  :— (A)  ]  -24  x  r03  inch  ;  (B)  1-27  x  103  inch. 


BY    A.  J.  NORTH.  397 

II.   Notes  on   the    Nesting-place   and    Eggs    of    Cyanorhamplms 
rayneri,  G.  R.  Gray. 

Cyanorhamphus  rayneri,  the  Norfolk  Island  Red-fronted 
Parrakeet. 

Plalycercus  raynen,  G.  R.  Gray,  Ibis,  1862,  p.  228, 

This  Parrakeet  is  somewhat  similar  to  the  Red-fronted  Parra- 
keet, C.  novce-zealandke,  of  New  Zealand,  a  species  which  is  sub- 
ject to  considerable  variation  in  colour  and  size,  of  which  it 
appears  to  be  an  insular  form  differing  only  from  0.  novcH-zealancUfe 
in  the  extent  of  the  red  band  on  the  forehead,  its  larger 
admeasurements,  and  having  a  more  robust  bill.  Sir  Walter 
Buller,  who  has  examined  the  types  of  sevei'al  of  these  insular 
forms  of  C.  novce-zealandice  in  the  British  Museum,  and  which 
have  been  described  by  various  authors  as  distinct  species,  while 
admitting  and  pointing  out  their  variation  in  colours  and  size  in 
his  second  edition  of  the  Birds  of  New  Zealand,*  follows  in  the 
fuotsteps  of  Dr.  Finsch  in  his  well-known  work  on  the  Psittaci'f,  and 
includes  the  following  under  the  synonymy  of  C.  novce-zealandice  ; 
C.  erythrotis,  "VVagl.,  from  Macquarie  Island,  C.  aucklandicuSy 
Bonap.,  from  the  Auckland  Islands,  C.  rayneri^  G.  R.  Gray,  from 
Norfolk  Island,  and  C.  cooki,  G.  R.  Gray,  from  New  Zealand, 
Sir  W.  Buller  separating  and  retaining  only  a  smaller  I'ace  of 
C.  novce-zealandice  described  by  himself  in  the  Transactions  of 
the  New  Zealand  Institute,  Vol.  vii.  p.  220,  1874,  under  the 
name  of  Platycercus  roicleyi. 

Count  Salvadori,  however,  in  the  recently  issued  "  British 
Museum  Catalogue,"  keeps  all  these  forms  separate  and  distinct,;}; 
with  the  exception  of  C.  rayneri,  of  which  he  writes,  "  there  is 
no  doubt  whatever  as  to  P.  rayneri,  Gray,  being  the  same  as 
C.  cooki"  and  has  furthermore  distinguished  the  specimens  obtained 

*  Buller,  Bh-ds  of  New  Zealand,  2nd  Edit.,  p.  145  (1888). 

+  Finsch,  Die  Papa,g.  Vol.  ii.  p.  273  (1868). 
X  V^ol.  NX.  Catalogue  of  the  Psittaci,  by  T.  Salvadori,  1891. 


398  OOLOGICAL   NOTES. 

by  Macgillivray  at  Lord  Howe  Island  during  the  voyage  of 
H.M.S.  "Herald"  in  1853,  under  the  name  of  C.  subjlavescens. 

Dr.  P.  Herbert  Metcalfe,  the  Resident  Medical  Officer  on 
Norfolk  Island,  has  kindly  forwarded  me  for  description  two  eggs 
of  C.  rayneri,  taken  from  the  hollow  spout  of  a  tree  on  the  12th 
of  October,  1892.  One  egg  (A)  is  oval  in  form  and  is  equal  in 
size  at  both  ends ;  the  other  is  a  broad  oval  tapering  somewhat  to 
one  end ;  they  ao-e  pure  white  except  where  nest-stained,  the 
surface  of  the  shell  being  very  smooth  and  lustreless.  Length 
(A)  M2x  0-9  inch;  (B)  1-08  x  0-87  inch.  Last  season  another 
nest  of  fthe  same  species  was  obtained  containing  four  eggs ;  they 
were,  however,  in  a  very  advanced  stage  of  incubation,  the  young 
birds  being  fully  formed  and  nearly  ready  to  emerge  from  the 
shell.  I  regret  that  Dr.  Metcalfe  did  not  secure  the  parent-birds 
with  the  eggs,  but  this  species  is  well  known  to  him,  he  having 
had  five  of  them  in  confinement  for  several  yeai's. 

In  describing  these  eggs  I  provisionally  retain  the  name  of  G. 
rayneri,  so  as  to  distinguish  the  locality  they  were  taken  from. 
If  C.  rayneri  of  Norfolk  Island  is  the  same  as  C.  cooki  of  New 
Zealand,  as  stated  by  Count  Salvadori,  I  should  not  be  surprised 
to  find,  upon  the  examination  of  a  large  series  of  skins  of  the 
Red-fronted  Parrakeet  of  Norfolk  Island,  that  it  is  only  an 
occasional  and  by  no  means  Constant  variety  of  C.  novce-zealandice, 
not  meriting  even  sub-specific  distinction. 


399 


MODIFICATIONS  OF  THE  BILLETTA  OR  GNALEALING 
WOMERAH. 

By  R.  Etheridge,  Junr. 

(Pal.eontologist  to  the  Australian  Museum,  and  Geological 
Survey  of  N.  S.  Wales). 

(Plate  XI.) 

The  comparative  study  of  the  weapons  and  implements  of  our 
Aborigines  reveals  to  the  student,  more  and  more,  how  intimately 
connected  are  the  questions  of  form  and  local  distribution;  and  by 
none  is  this  better  exemplified  than  the  Womerahs. 

We  have  seen  how  the  "  Lath-shaped  "  Womerah,  for  the  want 
of  a  more  correct  name,  is  distributed  (and  perhaps  confined  %)  in 
the  Cape  York  Peninsula*;  and  the  "  Sword-like"  Womerah  in  the 
Port  Darwin  District.!  I  am  now  able  to  extend  the  range  of 
this  weapon,  thanks  to  information  supplied  by  Mr.  Harry 
Stockdale,  to  the  Port  Essington  District,  where  it  is  called  by  the 
Aborigines  Orrok-orrok. 

I  now  purpose  bringing  under  your  notice  some  notes  on  the 
Billetta  Womerah,  as  it  is  termed  by  the  Port  Essington  natives, 
or  Gnalealing  by  the  Kimberley  blacks,  derived  from  examples  in 
the  Macleay  Museum,  to  which  I  was  obligingly  given  access  by 
the  Curator,  Mr.  G.  Masters,  thus  showing  the  use  of  this  womerah 
to  have  existed  from  Port  Darwin  to  Derby  and  King's  Sound. 

In  addition  to  general  shape,  the  Billetta  is  chiefly  distinguished 
by  the  emarginated  handle  at  the  proximal  end  for  the  reception 

*  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  Wales,  1892,  vi.  (2),  Pt.  4,  p.  699. 
t  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  Wales,  1892,  vii.  (2),  Pt.  1,  p.  170. 


400  ON   THE    BILLETTA    OR    GNALEALING    WOMERAH, 

of  the  hand  of  the  spearsman.  It  is  a  narrow,  rigid,  lath-like 
womerah,  seldom  exceeding  three-quarters  of  an  inch  in  thickness, 
either  plain,  simply  coloured,  or  ornamented  with  a  coloured 
design,  and  made  of  hard  or  soft  wood,  more  usually  the  former. 
The  proximal  end,  as  before  stated,  is  cut  out  for  the  reception  of 
the  hand,  but  the  grasp,  like  that  of  so  many  other  Aboriginal 
weapons,  is  much  too  small  with  comfort,  for  the  fingers  of  an 
ordinary  white.  The  spear  when  shipped  lay  along  the  flat  face 
of  the  womerah,  as  in  the  Orroh-orrok,  and  not  along  the  edge  as 
in  the  "lath-shaped"  weapon. 

From  Port  Darwin  there  are  two  specimens.  One  is  3'  3"  x  2"  x  ^", 
made  of  soft  wood,  and  is  wholly  stained  with  red  ochre,  although 
otherwise  unornamented.  The  grasp  is  lashed  round  with  native 
twine,  and  affords  room  for  two  fingers.  The  peg  at  the  distal  end 
is  dog-tooth  shaped,  of  a  light  coloured  hard  wood,  and  is  lashed 
on  witli  string  and  secured  by  gum-cement. 

The  second  example  from  Port  Darwin  (PI.  xi.  fig.  1)  is 
3'  3|"  X  2"  X  i",  and  is  precisely  similar  to  the  last,  but  highly 
ornate  on  one  face  of  tlie  blade  only,  which  is  again  stained  red. 
The  design  is  a  serpentine  band  in  yellow,  margined  by  white 
pipeclay  dots.  The  string  lashing  at  the  grasp  is  also  covered  with 
white  pipeclay,  but  a  second  lashing  at  the  distal  end  is  yellow. 
The  gum-cement  holding  the  peg  in  place  is  covered  with  pipeclay 
also.  This  specimen  was  collected  by  Mr.  Spalding,  now  Taxider- 
mist to  the  Queensland  Museum. 

The  third  Billetta,  from  Derby,  is  rough,  and  much  shorter  than 
the  others,  measuring  2'  7"  x  2"  x  ^".  It  also  is  of  soft  wood,  quite 
unornamented  or  even  stained,  and  the  grasp  is  bound  with  sinews 
and  cord  and  secured  with  gum-cement  in  the  usual  way.  The 
peg  resembles  that  of  the  preceding  womerahs.  It  was  collected 
by  Mr.  W.  W.  Froggatt. 

The  fourth  and  last  example  is  from  King's  Sound,  and  quite 
similar  to  the  last,  except  that  it  is  a  little  shorter,  but  at  the 
same  time  a  trifle  wider. 

The  Billetta  has  been  figured  certainly  four  times,  but  without 
any  details,  and  once  with  an  entirely  erroneous  locality.      The 


BY  K.  ETHERIDGE,  JUX.  401 

tirst  undoubted  illustration  is  that  by  the  late  Governor  Eyre, 
who  in  his  "Journals  of  Expeditions  of  Discovery  into  Central 
Australia,  &c.,"*  figures  a  Billetla  simply  with  the  remark, 
"  Throwing-stick  of  north  coast,  3  feet  1  inch."  It  is,  however, 
differently  ornamented  to  either  of  those  in  the  Macleay  Museum, 
having  two  zones  at  the  proximal  end,  one  bearing  a  cross  and 
the  other  consisting  of  two  double  curved  lines,  placed  back  to 
back,  diverging  from  one  another,  rather  like  the  letter  x.  At  the 
distal  end,  just  in  front  of  the  peg,  is  a  longer  zone,  longitudinally 
lined.  But  previous  to  this  the  late  Admiral  P  P.  King  tiguredf 
a  womerah  from  Hanover  Bay,  which  is  apparently  the  present 
one,  although  the  illustration  might  pass  for  the  Orrok-orrok.  No 
description  is  given.  We  next  come  to  the  late  R.  B.  Smyth's 
figure.  X  This  represents  a  plain  and  unornamented  weapon  similar 
to  PI.  XI.  fig.  2,  but  having  a  much  wider  double  emargination 
for  the  grip.  Smyth  merely  says  "throwing-stick  in  common  use 
amongst  the  natives  of  the  north-west  coast." 

The  illustration  §  given  by  Dr.  E.  H.  Knight  is  a  very  rough 
one,  and  ascribes  the  BiUetta  to  South  Australia,  as  also  the 
Orrok-orrok,  an  assumption  which  is  quite  erroneous.  This  figure 
in  no  way  aflfords  any  indication  of  colouring  or  ornamental 
design.  Lastly,  the  BiUetta  is  given  by  the  late  Edward  Harcjman 
as  Gnalealing  amongst  his  illustrations  of  Kiraberley  weapons,i| 
and  states  that  it  closely  resembles  the  Gurreik  of  the  Yarra 
Tribe  in  Victoria,  but  on  appealing  to  Smyth's  work  as  the  best 
authority  on  such  a  question  as  this,  one  is  surprised  to  find  that 
there  is  no  more  resemblance  between  the  Yarra  weapon,1I  spelt 
Gur-reek,  by  Smyth,  and  that  from  Kimberley,  than  one  would 
expect  in  a  purely  generic  sense  ;  specifically  speaking,  they  bear 
no  relation  at  all  to  one  another. 

*  8vo.  London,  1845,  ii.  pi.  6,  f.  7. 
+  Survey  of  the  Intertropical  Coasts  of  Australia,  &c.,  1827,  li.  1st  pi.,  f.  4. 
X  Aborigines  of  Victoria,  1878,  i.  p.  338.  f.  147. 
§  Study  of  the  Savage  Weapons  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  Philadel- 
phia, 1876.     Smith.'ionian  Bejiort,  1879,  p.  276,  f.  117. 

II  Proc.  Pv.  Irish  Acad.,  1888,  i.  (3),  Pt.  1,  p.  66,  t.  2,  f.  15,  15'. 
IT  Aborigines  of  Victoria,  1878,  i.,  p.  309,  f.  88-93. 


402  ON    THE    BILLETTA    OR    GNALEALING    WOMERAH. 

The  distribution  of  these  north  coast  Womerahs,  therefore,  so 
far  as  we  now  know  them,  is  as  foliows  : — 

1.  Lath-shaped,*  mounted  with  Melo. 

Cape   York ;   Agate  Creek,  Gilbert    River ;    Cape  Granville  ; 
Herbert  River ;  Batavia  River,  Gulf  of  Carpentaria. 

2.  Orrok-orrok,  or  Sword  Womerah. 
Port  Essington  ;  Port  Darwin. 

3.  Billetta  or  Gnalealing. 

Port  Darwin ;  Derby  ;  King's  Sound. 

I  am  much  indebted  to  Mr.  C.  ITedley  for  the  accompanying 
drawings  of  the  Billetta. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  FIGURES. 

Fig.  1. — Billettaivom  Port  Darwin  showing  ornamented  side.  The  ground- 
work is  red  ;  the  serpentine  band  yellow,  margined  with  white 
dots.  On  the  handle  the  right  lines  are  yellow,  and  the  dots 
white  as  before.  The  lashing  round  the  double  emargination 
white  ;  that  at  the  distal  end  in  front  of  the  peg  yellow.  The 
gum  cement  is  also  white. 

Fig.  2. — Billetta  from  King's  Sound,  quite  unornamented  or  stained. 

The  figures  are  greatly  reduced. 

*  The  native  name  of  this  is  much  needed. 


403 


DESCRIPTION   OF   A  NEW   TREE-FROG    FROM  NEW 
SOUTH  WALES. 

By  G.  a.  Boulenger. 
(Communicated  by  J.  J.  Fletcher.) 

Hyla  chloris. 

Tongue  subcircular,  slightly  nicked  and  free  behind.  Vomerine 
teeth  in  two  small  groups  between  the  choanse.  Head  broader 
than  long  ;  snout  rounded,  shorter  than  the  diameter  of  the  orbit ; 
can  thus  rostralis  obtuse ;  loreal  region  very  oblique,  slightly 
concave  ;  nostril  nearer  the  tip  of  the  snout  than  to  the  eye  ; 
inter-orbital  space  broader  than  the  upper  eyelid;  tympanum  very 
distinct,  three-fifths  the  diameter  of  the  eye.  Three  outer  fingers 
extensively  webbed,  the  membrane  reaching  the  disks  of  the  second 
and  fourth  ;  no  distinct  rudiment  of  pollex  ;  toes  nearly  entirely 
webbed  ;  disks  of  fingers  as  large  as  the  tympanum  ;  subarticular 
tubercles  moderate.  Tibio-tarsal  articulation  reaching  the  tip  of 
the  snout.  Upper  parts  finely  granulate  ;  belly  and  lower  surface 
of  thighs  coarsely  granulate ;  a  strong  fold  across  the  chest. 
Green  above ;  upper  arm  and  throat  yellow ;  sides  of  thighs 
purple ;  beneath  uniform  white.  Male  with  an  external  gular 
vocal  sac.     From  snout  to  vent  63  millim. 

A  single  specimen,  from  Dunoon,  Richmond  River,  collected  by 
Mr.  R.  Helms,  was  submitted  to  me  by  Mr.  J.  J.  Fletcher.  It  is 
closely  allied  to  H.  gracilenta,  Peters,  but  differs  in  the  larger 
size,  the  larger  eye,  the  obtuse  canthus  rostralis  and  oblique  loreal 
region,  the  very  distinct  tympanum,  the  skin  of  which  is  free  from 
granulations,  and  the  absence  of  a  white  streak  along  the  limbs 
and  round  the  upper  surface  of  the  head.  This  frog  was  referred 
to  H.  gracilenta  by  Mr.  Fletcher  (P.L.S.N.S.W.  (2),  vi.  1891, 
p.  263). 


404 


NOTES   AND    EXHIBITS. 


Mr.  North  exhibited  the  eggs  of  Halcyon  sordidus  and  Cyano- 
ramphus  rayneri,  referred  to  in  his  paper. 

Mr.  Deane  exhibited  herbarium  specimens  of  the  ironbark  and 
box  groups  of  the  genus  JEucalyptics ;  also  some  specimens  of 
timber  of  E.  leucoxylon  and  U.  paniculata,  which,  though  placed 
close  togethei',  according  to  the  anthereal  system  of  classification, 
are  so  widely  different  in  the  timber  they  ])roduce.  Also  a  living 
specimen  of  a  lizard  (Mocoa  sp.),  with  a  bifurcated  tail. 

Mr.  Froggatt  exhibited  a  spray  of  Acacia  undulifolia,  collected 
at  Rylestone  by  Mr.  R.  T.  Baker,  the  young  seed  pods  of  which 
were  aborted  into  small  pointed  galls  from  the  attacks  of  hymenop- 
terous  insects  ;  also  numerous  minute  chalcids  bred  therefrom. 
Also  twigs  of  Eucalyptus  longifolia,  from  Homebush,  covered 
with  a  scale  {Eriococcus  sp.),  together  with  a  moth,  the  larva  of 
which  destroys  the  coccus  and  forms  its  cocoons  out  of  the  dried 
scales;  and  a  small  Coccinella  (RMzohius?  sp.),  the  larva  of 
which  also  preys  on  the  coccus. 

Mr.  Palmer  showed  specimens  of  galls  upon  Acacia  decurrens  ; 
also  upon  a  Eucalypt  specimens  of  the  same  species  of  scale-insect 
(Eriococcus)  as  that  exhibited  by  Mr.  Froggatt  ;  and  a  number  of 
fossils  from  Mt.  Wellington,  Tasmania. 

Ml".  Maiden  exhibited  flowering  specimens  of  Grevillea  Barkly- 
ana,  F.v.M.,  from  Jervis  Bay,  a  plant  new  for  New  South  Wales, 
hitherto  recorded  only  from  Gippsland.  Also  a  fine  specimen  of  a 
New  Zealand  composite  popularly  known  as  the  '  Vegetable  Sheep' 
(Raoulia  tnammillaris,  Hook,  f.),  41  inches  in  circumference,  from 
the  Alps  of  the  Nelson  district  of  New  Zealand,  at  an  elevation  of 
7000  feet.  Also  an  essential  oil  from  the  flowers  of  Cananga 
odorata,  the  basis  of  the  perfume  Ilang-Ilang,  from  Samoa. 


NOTES   AND    EXHIBITS.  405 

Mr.  Hedley  exhibited  specimens  of  the  peculiar  mollusc  treated 
of  in  his  paper. 

Mr.  Trebeck  exhibited  a  leaf -insect  (Phy  Ilium  sp.)  from  Fiji. 

Mr.  Mitchell  exhibited  the  fossils  referred  to  in  two  notes, 
recently  communicated  to  the  Society,  among  which  were 
specimens  of  the  genera  Pecopteris,  Alethopteris,  Odontoj^teris, 
TcBniopteris  and  Sphenopteris  from  the  Wianamatta  Beds  at 
Glenlee.  Also  Glossopteris  and  Nveggerathiopsis  from  Bellambi. 
He  also  exhibited  the  specimen  of  Glossopteris  showing  supposed 
sori ;  and  an  Entomostracon,  near  Estheria  ovata,  Jones  (?),  from 
Wianamatta  Beds  at  Glenlee. 

Mr.  Rainbow  exhibited  specimens  of  an  undescribed  spider 
belonging  to  the  genus  Arcyina  (fam.  Epiiiridce)  from  Manly. 


406 


WEDNESDAY,  DECEMBER  28th,  1892. 


Mr.  Henry  Deane,  M.A.,  Vice-President,  in  the  Chair. 


Mr.  Arnold  U.  Henn,  5  Paling's  Buildings,  Sydney,  and  the 
Right  Hon.  Lord  Walsingham,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  Merton  Hall, 
Thetford,  England,  were  elected  Members  of  the  Society. 


The  Chairman  made  the  following  announcements  : — 

(i.)  That  a  Special  General  Meeting  of  Members  would  be 
held  on  Thursday,  December  29th,  at  4  p.m.,  in  the 
Board  Room,  Public  Library  (by  permission  of  the 
Librarian),  when  the  New  Rules  passed  at  the  Special 
General  Meeting  of  21st  instant  would  be  brought 
forward  for  confirmation,  so  that  they  may  come  into 
force  from  January  1st  next. 

(ii.)  That,  subject  to  the  confirmation  of  the  Rules  referred 
to,  there  would  be  a  I'ecess  during  the  months  of 
January  and  February,  1893  ;  and  that  the  Annual 
Meeting,  as  well  as  the  next  Ordinary  Monthly  Meeting, 
would  be  held  on  March  29th  (the  last  Wednesday  in 
the  month),  1893. 

(iii.)  That,  from  the  plates  and  proof  sheets  laid  on  the  table 
that  evening,  it  would  be  seen  that  steady  progress  was 
being  made  with  the  Macleay  Memorial  Volume,  so  that 
he  thought  there  was  justification  for  the  hope  that  it 
would  be  almost,  perhaps  quite,  ready  by  the  date  of 
the  Annual  Meeting. 


407 


DONATIONS. 


"  Zoological  Society  of  London — Proceedings,  1892."  Part  3  : 
"  Abstract,"  November  1st,  1892.     From  the  Society. 

•'  Royal  Microscopical  Society  —  Journal,  1892."  Part  5  : 
"Charter,  Bye-laws,  and  List  of  Fellows,  1892."  From  the 
Society. 

"  Morphological  Laboratory,  Cambridge — Studies."  Vol.  v. 
Part  2  (1892).     Frovi  the  Balfour  Library,  Cambridge. 

"Gesellschaft  fiir  Erdkunde  zu  Berlin — Zeitschrift."  Band 
xxvii.  No,  3  (1892):  "  Verhandlungen."  Band  xix.  Nos.  6-8 
(1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Journal  of  Conchology."  Vol.  vii.  No.  3  (July,  1892).  From 
the  Conchological  Society  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 

"  Zoologischer  Anzeiger."  xv.  Jahrg.  Nos.  403-405  (October 
and  November,  1892).     Fi'om  the  Editor. 

"  Perak  Government  Gazette." — Vol.  v.  Nos.  35-37  (October- 
November,  1892).     From  the  Government  Secretary. 

"Society  Beige  de  Microscopic — Bulletin."  Tome  xviii.  No.  10 
(1891-92).     From  the  Society. 

South  Australia — "  Report  on  Country  in  the  Neighbourhood 
of  Lake  Eyre."  By  H.  Y.  L.  Brown,  Government  Geologist. 
From  the  Author. 

"  Society  d'Horticulture  du  Doubs,  Besan9on  —  Bulletin." 
Nouvelle  Serie,  No.  22  (October,  1892).     From  the  Society. 

"  Geological  Society  of  London — Quarterly  Journal."  Vol. 
xlviii.  No.  192  (November,  1892)  :  "List  of  Members,  &c.,  1892." 
From  the  Society. 

"  American  Naturalist."  Vol.  xxvi.  No.  311  (November,  1892). 
Irom  the  Editors. 


408  DONATIONS. 

"  American  Geographical  Society — Bulletin."  Vol.  xxiv.  No.  3 
(September,  1892).      From  the  Society. 

"  Smithsonian  Institution — United  States  National  Museum — 
Proceedings."  Vol.  xv.  Nos.  911-915,  pp.405-480  (1892).  From 
the  Museum. 

"Victorian  Naturalist"  Vol.  ix.  No.  8  (December,  1892). 
From  the  Field  Naturalists'  Club  of  Victoria. 

"  Museo  di  Zoologia  ed  Anatomia  comparata  della  R.  Universita 
di  Torino— Bollettino."  Vol.  vii.  Nos.  127-132  (July-October, 
1892).     From  the  Ahiseum. 

"  Societe  Imperiale  des  Naturalistes  de  Moscou — Bulletin." 
Ann6e  1892,  No.  2.     From  tJie  Society. 

"Societe  G^ologique  de  Belgique — Annales."  Tome  xix.  S™*' 
Livraison  (1891-92).     From  the  Society. 

"Agricultural  Gazette  of  N.S.W."  Vol.  iii.  Part  11  (November, 
1892).     From  the  Director  of  Agriculture. 

Pamphlet  entitled — "  Lejeuuese  Madagascarienses."  By  W.  H. 
Pearson  (1892).     Frorn  tlie  Author. 

"Royal  Dublin  Society — Transactions." — Vol.  iv.  (2nd  Series) 
Nos.  9-13  (1891):  "Proceedings"  Vol.  vii.  Parts  3-4  (1892). 
From  the  Society. 

"Archives  Neerlandaises  des  Sciences  Exactes  et  Naturelles." 
Tome  xxvi.  3™*^  Livraison  (1892).     From  the  Society. 

"Fortegnelse  over  de  af  det  Kongelige  Danske  Videnskabernes 
Selskab  i  tidsrumniet  1742-1891,  udgivne  Videnskabelige  Arbejder 
(1892)."     From  tJie  Society. 

"  Marine  Biological  Association  of  the  United  Kingdom- 
Journal."  New  Series,  Vol.  ii.  No.  4  (November,  1892).  From 
the  Association. 

"  Australasian  Journal  of  Pharmacy."  Vol.  vii.  No.  84  (Decem- 
ber, 1892).     From  the  Editor. 


DONATIONS.  409 

Bentham's  "  Flora  Hongkongensis  :  a  Description  of  the  Flower- 
ing Plants  and  Ferns  of  the  Island  of  Hongkong  "  (1861).  From 
the  Director,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 

"  Indian  Museum — List  of  Batrachia."  By  W.  L.  Sclater, 
M.A.,  F.Z.S.  (1892).     From  the  Trustees. 

"  Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh — Transactions."  Vol.  xxxvi. 
Parts  2-3  (1890-91):  "Proceedings."  Vol.  xviii.  (1890-91).  From 
the  Society. 

"  Archiv  fiir  Naturgeschichte,  1889."  ii.  Band,  3  Heft  ;  1892, 
i.  Band,  3  Heft.     From  the  Editor. 


410 


PAPERS    READ. 


OBSERVATIONS  ON  THE  MYOLOGY  OF  PALIN'UEUS 
EDWARDSII,  HuTTON.* 

By  Professor  T.  Jeffery  Parker,  D.Sc,  F.R.S.,  and  Josephine 
Gordon  Rich. 

(From  the  Biological  Laboratory  of  the  University  of 
Otago.) 

(Communicated  hij  Professor  Haswell.) 


ON  PARMACOCHLEA  FISCHER  I,  Smith.* 
By  C.  Hedley,  F.L.S. 


ON  THE  GEOGRAPHICAL  RELATIONS  OF  THE 
FLORAS  OF  NORFOLK  AND  LORD  HOWE  ISLANDS.* 

By  Professor  Ralph  Tate,  F.L.S.,  F.G.S. 


These  papers  will  be  published  in  the  Macleay  Memorial  Volume. 


411 


REVISION  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  AMARYGMIDES. 

By  THE  Rev.  T.  Blackburn,  B.A.,  Cork,  Mem. 

Part.  I. 

THE  GENUS  CHALGOPTERUS. 

In  respect  of  number  both  of  species  and  specimens  this  sub- 
family of  the  Tenebrionidce  occupies  a  very  prominent  place  in  the 
Australian  fauna.  The  great  beauty  and  brilliant  colouring  of 
many  of  its  types  together  with  their  large  size  render  it  likely  to 
prove  most  attractive  to  the  collector  and  student.  And  yet  there 
is  probably  scarcely  a  group  of  genera  in  the  whole  of  the  Austra- 
lian Goleoptera  in  which  the  proportion  of  named  species  is  smaller. 
This  is  probably  attributable  to  two  causes  ;  the  one  that  on 
account  of  the  plentiful  occurrence  and  bright  colours  of  many 
Amarygmides  the  sub-family  was  well  to  the  front  among  the 
Coleoptera  taken  home  to  Europe  by  the  earlier  collectors  and 
described  in  the  brief  fashion  in  which  most  of  the  earlier  authors 
"  knocked  off"  our  Australian  insects — often  in  five  to  ten  words 
— so  that  now  the  student  in  approaching  it  is  confronted  with  a 
formidable  array  of  names,  which  are  mere  names  and  which  could 
be  reliably  connected  with  the  insects  they  belong  to  only  in  those 
cases  where  the  original  types  are  still  extant,  and  by  means  of  an 
exploration  of  all  the  principal  museums  of  Europe.  The  other 
cause  of  the  scanty  work  that  has  been  done  on  the  Aviarygmides 
in  later  times  is  no  doubt  the  fact  that  these  insects  are  extremely 
variable  in  respect  of  colours  and  extremely  closely  allied  inter  se, 
so  that  nothing  short  of  a  very  careful  study  of  a  very  large 
collection  of  specimens  would  seem  likely  to  lead  to  any  satis- 
factory results. 
28 


412  REVISION    OP   THE   AUSTRALIAN   AMARYGMIDES, 

In  attempting,  then,  a  systematic  work  on  this  sub-family,  it 
appears  to  me  inevitable  to  accept  the  certainty  that  the  first 
memoir  of  the  kind  must  be  very  imperfect  and  mast  be  offered 
as  assuredly  fated  to  much  subsequent  correction,  inasmuch  as 
there  are  many  names  connected  with  descriptions  by  which  it  is 
impossible  to  identify  the  insects  on  which  they  were  founded. 
Nevertheless,  if  the  Australian  Amarygmides  are  ever  to  be  worked 
out  satisfactorily,  the  first  step,  it  appears  to  me,  must  be  the  issue 
of  an  imperfect  memoir  of  the  kind  I  have  just  indicated,  and  it 
is  for  this  I'eason  that  1  have  thought  T  might  make  a  serviceable 
contribution  to  the  knowledge  of  our  Australian  fauna  by  gather- 
ing together  as  large  a  collection  of  Amarygmides  as  I  could  attain 
with  the  help  of  many  obliging  correspondents,  and  offering  to  the 
Linnean  Society  the  present  memoir,  which  will,  I  hope,  enable 
the  student  without  much  difficulty  to  identify  at  least—  (a)  all  the 
hitherto  named  species  that  have  been  recognisably  described  in 
memoii's  scattered  through  many  scientific  publications,  (b)  certain 
species  of  which  I  have  been  permitted  to  inspect  authentic  types 
through  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  Masters,  Curator  of  the  Macleay 
Museum,  and  (c)  a  considerable  number  of  species  to  which  I  give 
new  names. 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  foregoing  remarks  that  I  confidently 
anticipate  much  eventual  correction  of  my  work,  inasmuch  as  I 
have  been  compelled  absolutely  to  disregard  some  of  the  earlier 
descriptions  (especially  some  of  those  by  Boisduval  and  Hope),  and 
it  is  of  course  to  be  expected  that  sooner  or  later  someone  will,  by 
examination  of  such  types  of  the  species  of  those  authors  as  have 
not  perished,  identify  with  them  some  of  the  species  to  which  I 
give  new  names.  But  the  work  cannot  be  done  without  accepting 
that  risk  ;  and  as  the  readiness  of  my  correspondents  to  lend  or 
give  me  specimens  has  brought  into  my  hands  a  collection  of  the 
sub-family  larger  probably  thau  any  other  extant,  and  I  have 
before  me  all  the  literature  that  has  been  published  on  the  subject, 
my  opportunities  are  probably  exceptionally  favourable. 

I  may  say  before  passing  on  to  a  review  of  the  work  that  has 
hitherto  been  done  in  the  sub-family  and   the  statement  of  my 


BY   THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  413 

estimate  of  its  value  in  detail,  that  I  have  proceeded  upon  the 
line  of  regarding  the  re-naming  of  an  insect  that  has  been  already 
described  and  named  as  much  less  mischievous  than  the  assignment 
to  a  species,  by  a  mistaken  identification,  of  a  name  that  really 
belongs  to  a  different  insect.  The  former  error  is  easily  corrected 
and  will  lead  to  nothing  worse  than  a  somewhat  cumbersome 
synonymy  ;  the  latter  is  far-reaching,  because  it  is  liable  to  extend 
indefinitely  into  the  descriptions  of  other  species  which  the  author 
may  happen  to  compare  with  that  which  he  has  erroneously 
supposed  to  be  the  rightful  bearer  of  the  name  he  uses.  In  this 
memoir,  therefore,  I  have  not  assigned  an  insect  to  a  previously 
existing  name  without  feeling  something  like  certainty  that  the 
identification  is  correct, — in  some  instances  I  have  passed  over  in 
silence  specimens  before  me  because  T  have  thought  it  probable, 
but  far  short  of  certain,  that  a  given  name  belongs  to  them,  and 
I  have  treated  as  new  all  species  that  seem  distinctly  more  likely 
than  not  (judging  by  published  descriptions  together  with  such 
inspection  of  types  as  has  been  possible)  to  be  distinct  from  those 
previously  named.  In  the  tabulation  of  the  characters  of  Chal- 
copteri,  I  have  enclosed  in  brackets  all  the  names  concerning  which 
I  feel  any  doubt  in  connecting  them  with  the  insect  on  which  I 
suppose  them  to  have  been  founded. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  at  the  time  when  M.  Lacordaire 
published  the  "  Genera  des  Coleopteres  "  and  made  the  Amaryg- 
mides  his  45th  tribe  of  Tenebrionidoi,  22  names  of  Australian 
species  attributable  to  the  tribe  had  been  published,  all  of  which 
M.  Lacordaire  placed  in  the  genus  Amarygmus.  The  "  tribe  "  is 
distinguished  from  other  Tenebrionidoi  by  the  following  characters 
in  combination  : — sides  of  the  head  refiexed  into  an  ear-like 
process  above  the  base  of  the  antennse,  intermediate  coxfe  provided 
with  trochantins,  tarsi  hairy  beneath,  metasternum  elongate, 
prosternum  very  short  in  front  of  the  coxje,  anterior  femora 
unarmed.  In  this  tribe  (which  is  found  in  Asia,  Africa,  Australia, 
America  and  Polynesia)  the  genus  Amarygmus  was  founded  by  M. 
Dalman  in  1824  on  an  insect  which  its  author  called  Amarygmus 
speciosus,  whose  habitat  he  did  not  know  and  which  I  believe  has 


414  REVISION    OP   THE    AUSTRALIAN   AMARYGMIDES, 

not  since  been  identified.  M.  Lacordaire  distinguishes  Amarygmvs 
from  the  other  genera  of  the  tribe  by  the  following  characters  in 
combination  : — eyes  partly  hidden  under  the  prothorax,  intercoxal 
process  of  the  hind  body  short  and  triangular.  Two  years  after 
the  issue  of  M.  Lacordaire's  work  on  the  tribe,  M.  Blessig,  in  an 
admirable  memoir  published  by  the  Russian  Entomological 
Society,  pointed  out  that  some  at  least  (he  thought  probably  all) 
of  the  Australian  species  attributed  to  Amarygmus  differed  from 
some  at  least  of  the  species  occurring  in  Java,  &c.,  by  their 
mandibles  being  widely  and  evenly  truncate  at  the  apex  (instead 
of  bifid),  and  he  proposed  for  these  species  with  the  mandibles 
widely  truncate  the  new  name  Chalcopterus,  at  the  same  time 
describing  four  Victorian  species  as  new  and  appertaining  to  his 
new  genus.  Since  that  time  no  author  (except  myself)  has 
attributed  any  more  species  to  Chalcopterus ;  but  as  Amarygmi 
there  have  been  published,  in  various  periodicals,  21  new  species 
by  Mr.  Pascoe,  11  by  Sir  W.  Macleay,  1  by  Haag-Rutenberg, 
and  by  myself  3,  together  with  4  Chalcoptei-i.  In  1870  Mr. 
Pascoe  published  (Ann.  Nat.  Hist.  p.  106)  a  diagnosis  of  a  new 
genus  (Eurypera)  near  Amarygmus :  the  diagnosis,  however,  is 
utterly  insufficient  (as  defective  as  anything  Boisduval  ever  did), 
stating  that  the  new  genus  differs  from  Amarygmus,  only  by  its 
"  shorter  and  more  convex  body."  "Until  something  further  is 
forthcoming  regarding  this  genus  I  decline  to  recognise  it  and 
shall  treat  it  as  non-existent.  As  I  have  seen  no  species  re- 
sembling Amarygmus  which  agrees  with  Mr.  Pascoe's  description 
of  his  type  of  Eurypera,  I  have  no  means  of  supplementing  his 
diagnosis. 

As  I  have  already  remarked  (P.L.S.N.S.W,  1888,  p.  1434), 
among  the  Australian  species  attributed  to  Amarygmxis  there  are 
some  whose  mandibles  are  bifid  at  the  apex.  Whether  these  are 
really  congeneric  with  Amarygmus  speciosus,  Dalm.,  ornot  is  at 
present  incapable  of  determination,  I  believe.  Indeed,  unless  I 
am  mistaken,  the  form  of  the  mandibles  in  A.  speciosus  itself  is 
uncertain,  and  it  is  quite  possible  that  it  may  be  an  Australian 
species  with  truncate  mandibles,  in  which  case  M.  Blessig's  name 


BY    THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  415 

Clialcopterus  would  be  a  syuonyni  of  Amarygmus^  and  a  new 
name  vvould  be  required  for  the  Amarygmi  (so-called)  with  bifid 
mandibles.  Nevertheless,  until  further  evidence  is  forthcoming, 
if  M.  Blessig's  separation  from  Amarygnins  of  those  species 
winch  differ  in  the  form  of  their  mandibles  from  A.  speciosus  is  to 
be  accepted  (and  I  think  it  ought  to  be),  M.  Blessig's  claim  of 
Dalman's  name  for  the  species  with  bitid  mandibles  seems 
decisive,  and  therefore  those  species  of  the  old  genus  Amarygmus 
which  have  mandibles  widely  and  evenly  truncate  at  the  apex 
ought  to  be  relegated  to  Ghalcopterus. 

.For  me,  therefore,  the  Australian  Amarygmides  hitherto  named 
all  belong  to  two  genera,  distinguished  thus : — 

A.  Apex  of  mandibles  bifid  Amarygmus. 

AA.   Apex  of  mandibles  widely  and  evenly  truncate  Ghalcopterus. 

I  am  surprised  that  all  the  authors  subsequent  to  M.  Blessig 
have  disregarded  the  form  of  the  mandibles  (Sir  W.  Macleay, 
however,  implies,  P.L.S.N.S.W.  1887,  p.  550,  that  he  had  not  seen 
M.  Blessig's  memoir),  especially  as  Mr.  Pascoe  (Ann.  Nat.  Hist. 
1869)  actually  mentions  Blessig's  remarks  on  it ;  for  even  if  it 
were  to  be  inferred  that  they  regarded  the  character  as  too  trivial 
to  be  treated  as  generic,  it  certainly  cannot  be  questioned  that  it 
is  most  valuable  for  subdividing  an  aggregate  of  insects  in 
which  sharply  defined  difFei'ences  are  none  too  plentiful,  and  there 
are  few  specimens  in  which  the  mandibles  are  so  hidden  that 
there  is  the  least  difficulty  in  discerning  their  form.  In  the 
Chalcopteri  the  exposed  surface  of  the  mandibles  (supposing  them 
to  be  in  contact  with  each  other  in  repose)  is  evenly  convex  in 
the  apical  portion,  the  apex  itself  being  quite  straightly  truncate, 
while  in  Amarygmus  the  surface  is  traveised  from  base  to  apex 
by  a  deep  sharply  defined  sulcus,  the  impression  of  which  at  the 
apex  interrupts  the  continuousness  of  its  truncation. 

Turning  to  the  species  named  up  to  the  present  time,  we  are 
encountered  by  the  principal  difficulty  in  dealing  with  the  revision 
of  the  Amarygmides.  The  number  of  names  that  have  been  used 
is  67.      Of  these   I   am   able   to  say   confidently  that    11   have 


416  REVISION    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    AMARYGMIDES, 

mandibles  bifid  at  the  apex,  viz.  convexus,  Pasc,  exilts,  Pasc, 
foveolatus,  Macl.,  striatus,  Mad.,  torridiis,  Pasc,  tyrrhenus,  Pasc, 
variolaris,  Pasc,  tardus,  Blackb.,  uniformis,  Blackb.,  diaperioides, 
Blackb.,  and  (although  my  identification  of  this  is  possibly  open 
to  doubt)  picicorriis,  Hope.  This  leaves  56  which  probably 
appertain  to  Chalcopterus  so  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  ascertain. 
Of  these  56  there  are  10  which  I  feel  confident  that  J  have  not 
seen,  viz.,  convexiusculus,  Macl.,  cuj^ido,  Pasc,  cupricollis,  Hope, 
ellijysoides,  Pasc,  indigaceus,  Pasc,  minutus,  Pasc,  pusillus, 
Pasc,  semissus,  Pasc,  sidci'peiuiis,  Hope,  tarsalis,  Pasc.  Of  the 
following  7  I  have  examples  of  whose  identification  I  feel  con- 
siderable doubt ;  but  I  am  confident  that  if  my  identification  of 
them  is  not  correct  I  have  not  seen  the  species,  viz.,  cuj)reus,  FaVi., 
grandis,  Macl,  maurrthts,  Pasc,  obhosus,  Pasc,  obsoletus,  Macl., 
vinosus,  Pasc,  semiticus,  Pasc.  Of  the  remaining  38  species  9 
are,  I  have  little  doubt,  .synonyms,  viz., coelestis,  Pasc,  and  IcevicoUis,' 
Blessig  =  cyanijjennis,  Hope ;  venereus,  Gmel.  =  cupreus,  Fab. ; 
purpureus,  Germ.  =  anthracinus,  Hope ;  rugosus,  Germ.  = 
sulcip)ennis,  Hope;  Howitti,  Pasc,  and  affinis,  Blessig  =  cupripennis, 
Hope  ;  rufipes,  Rlacl.  =  nigritarsis,  Pasc  ;  triangularis,  Haag- 
Rut.  =  semiticus,  Pasc  The  following  six  I  am  obliged  to 
disregard  as  being  described  in  such  fashion  that  it  is  impossible 
to  form  any  opinion  concerning  them,  viz.,  resplendens,  Boisd., 
puncticollis,  Hope,  smaragdulus,  Fab.,  tristis.  Fab.,  velutinus, 
Macl.,  viridicoUis,  Macl.  The  following  two  identifications  may 
be  regarded  as  jJrobable,  viz.,  hicolor,  Fab.,  and  columhinus,  Boisd., 
with  GU2)rip>ennis,  Hope,  and  cyanipennis,  Hope,  in  which  case 
Hope's  names  will  become  synonyms.  Thus  there  are  22  names 
that  I  regard  as  representing  good  species  known  to  me  and 
belonging  to  Chalcop)terus,  17  (among  which  are  probably  a  few 
that  do  not  belong  to  Chalcop)teras)  that  1  have  identified  doubt- 
fully or  not  at  all,  but  all  of  which  are  likely  to  be  good  species, 
and  17  that  are  either  mere  names  of  practically  undescribed 
insects  or  else,  probably,  synonyms. 

It  will  be  Avell  to  remark  that  in  identifying  Hope's,  Germar's, 
and  Blessig's  species,  I  have  possessed  the  advantage  of  a  personal 


BY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  417 

knowledge  of  the  fauna  of  the  localities  in  which  the  types  were 
collected.  Even  with  this  assistance  I  have  not  been  able  to 
identify  all  the  species  of  the  former  two  of  those  authors. 

Beginning  with  Germar, — fervens  is  unmistakable,  as  it  is 
mainly  characterised  by  its  undersurface  being  brilliantly  iri- 
descent (a  very  rare  character  in  Chalcopterus),  and  a  species 
presenting  this  character  occurs  somewhat  commonly  all  over 
S.  Australia,  and  agrees  very  well  with  the  description  of  fervens 
in  all  respects.  Germar  describes  purpiireiis  as  having  its  elytra 
"  tenuiter  striato-jiunctatis"  its  puncturation  less  fine  than  that  of 
fervens,  and  its  upper  surface  (except  the  head)  entirely  varie- 
gated with  metallic  colours  ;  these  are  fairly  definite  characters, 
and  as  there  is  a  species  (and  only  one)  known  to  me  (it  is 
common  all  over  S.  Australia)  found  in  the  habitat  of  Germar's 
insects  presenting  these  characters  I  feel  no  doubt  about  this 
identification.  Germar  describes  fastuosus  as  distinguished  by 
the  unusual  characters  of  the  seriate  puncturation  of  the  elytra 
being  somewhat  obsolete  and  the  puncturation  of  the  prothorax 
stronger  than  in  its  allies  and  crowded  near  the  lateral  margins, 
characters  that  are  combined  in  one,  and  one  only,  of  the  species 
before  me  that  occur  (and  it,  too,  occurs  commonly)  in  the 
locality  where  Germar's  species  were  collected.  The  above  three 
species  also  agree  in  size,  &c.,  with  the  other  characters  as  stated  by 
Germar  under  the  names  mentioned.  The  other  of  Germar's 
names  (ncgosics)  its  author  assigns  to  a  species  which  he  describes 
as  having  the  prothorax  black,  the  elytra  "  rugosely  striate,"  and 
the  interstices  transversely  rugulose ;  I  have  seen  no  Amarygmid 
to  which  this  description  would  apply,  unless  it  be  a  remarkable 
form  in  my  collection  that  I  am  disposed  to  regard  as  a  monstro- 
sity and  to  refer  to  C.  polychroimcs,  Pasc,  with  which  it  seems 
absolutely  identical  in  every  respect,  except  that  tlie  elytra  are 
sculptured  in  a  fashion  quite  unlike  that  of  any  other  Amarygmid 
that  I  have  seen.  I  have  met  with  another  example  with  this 
same  peculiarity  present  in  a  much  feebler  degree.  Unless  it  be 
the  case  that  the  descriptions  of  Amanjgmus  rugosus,  Germ.,  (and 
A.  sidcipennis,  Hope,    which   Germar   thought  likely  to  be   the 


418  REVISION    OF   THE   AUSTRALIAN    AMARYGMIDES, 

same  species),  are  founded  on  the  above-mentioned  insect,  I  am 
convinced  that  I  have  not  seen  it. 

Passing  to  Mr.  Hope's  species,  they  are  six  in  number  (besides 
sulcipennis  already  referred  to).  Of  these  cujjrijjennis  is,  I  think, 
quite  unmistakable,  the  commonest  of  all  the  Amarygmids  in 
Southern  Australia  agreeing  well  with  Mr.  Hope's  brief  descrip- 
tion. C.  anthracinus  is  no  doubt  a  variety,  as  I  have  not  seen 
any  S.  Australian  Amarygmid  which  is  habitually  of  uniform 
black  colour  ;  I  have,  however,  met  rarely  with  black  examples 
of  G.  purpureiis,  Germ.,  (as  well  as  of  several  other  species),  and 
as  Mr.  Hope  says  that  the  elytra  are  striate  in  C.  anthracinum, 
I  believe  it  to  be  this  black  var.  of  purjjureus ;  the  name,  how- 
ever, is  so  inappropriate  to  an  insect  of  which  99  out  of  every 
hundred  specimens  are  brilliant  with  metallic  colours  that  it 
would  be  a  matter  of  regret  if  the  identification  were  established 
finally  and  Hope's  name  had  to  take  precedence.  The  identity  of 
C.  picicornis  could  hardly  be  determined  on  the  description  alone, 
which  would  fit  a  good  many  species,  but  as  I  have  seen  only  one 
occurring  near  Adelaide  that  it  agrees  with,  I  think  that  one  is 
probably  the  true  picicornis;  it  has  bifid  mandibles  and  therefore 
must  not  be  referred  to  Chalcopterus.  C.  longij^ennis  I  have 
discussed  below  in  re-describing  the  insect  to  wluch  I  believe  the 
name  to  refer.  As  regards  C.  cyanijjennis,  a  species  widely 
distributed  (but  I  believe  not  common)  in  Southern  Australia  fits 
the  description  very  well,  and  I  regard  its  identification  as  quite 
satisfactory.  G.  cupricollis  is  from  an  island  otf  the  north  coast 
of  Australia,  and  I  have  seen  nothing  that  fits  the  description. 
Regarding  G.  puncticoUis  I  am  quite  at  a  loss,  as  I  know  nothing 
(apart  from  the  insects  already  referred  to)  that  agrees  with  the 
description ;  the  only  suggestion  I  can  make  is  that  it  may 
be  a  variety  of  purpureus,  Germ.,  in  which  case  Hope's  name 
would  take  precedence. 

M.  Blessig's  species  are  all  well  described  and,  I  think,  quite 
recognisable ;  G.  iridicolor  is  a  very  well  marked  insect ;  G. 
variabilis  may  possibly  be  identical  with  one  of  BoisduvaFs 
species ;  C.  qffinis,  I  think  there  is  hardly  a  doubt,  is  a  variety 


BY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  419 

of  C.  cuprijjennis,  Hope,  to  which  M.  Blessig  says  it  is  "extremely 
close"  (I  have  specimens  from  Melbourne  agreeing  with  the 
description  of  affinis  which  ai'e  certainly  vars.  of  cupripennis)  ; 
G.  Ixevlcollis  I  liave  no  doubt  is  identical  with  cyanipennis,  Hope, 
from  which  M.  Blessig  says  he  can  only  distinguish  it  by  its 
being,  according  to  Hope's  measurement,  a  less  slender  insect. 

As  regards  the  species  described  by  Fabricius,  it  is  unfortunate 
that  we  do  not  know  their  exact  habitats.  In  the  case  of  one  of 
them  (tristis),  it  seems  doubtful  whether  the  habitat  is  in  Aus- 
tralia. The  types  of  the  others  are  said  to  have  been  in  Sir 
Joseph  Banks'  collection,  from  which  it  may  be  inferred  that  they 
Avere  collected  by  Cajjtain  Cook's  expedition.  The  descriptions 
are  too  brief  in  most  cases  for  certain  identification,  amethystinus 
(owing  to  its  remarkable  colouring)  being  alone  capable  of  confi- 
dent recognition ;  Erotyhhs  cupretis  is  very  likely  to  be  identical 
with  a  large  Chalcopterus  from  N.  Queensland  that  Mr.  French 
has  sent  me,  and  it  is  probable  that  Cnodulon  bicolor  is  the  same 
'species  as  Ghalcopterics  (Cnodulon)  cujjripennis,  Hope.  The 
other  species  of  Fabricius  (Helops  smaragdulus)  I  cannot  recog- 
nise in  any  Amarygvvd  that  I  have  seen. 

Fortunately  M.  Boisduval  described  only  two  species.  The 
description  of  one  of  them  ( Aniarygmios  columhinus),  consisting 
of  exactly  ten  words,  reads  much  as  if  it  were  founded  on  the 
same  insect  as  Chalcoptencs  (Cnodulon)  cyanipennis,  Hope  ;  that 
of  the  other  (A.  resplendens)  consists  of  thirteen  words,  and  does 
not  suggest  any  })articular  species  to  my  mind  ;  though  reasoning 
from  prohahility  (of  locality,  &c.)  would  perhaps  indicate  vinosus, 
Pasc,  as  likely  to  be  the  subject  of  the  description,  and  I  do  not 
know  that  there  is  anything  among  Boisduval's  thirteen  words 
altogether  irreconcilable  with  that  supposition;  but  unless  — 
and  until — the  types  can  be  examined,  Boisduval's  Amaryymides 
ought  to  be  ti'eated  as  non-existent. 

The  two  descriptions  by  Mr.  W.  S.  Macleay  in  "King's  Survey" 
are  not  recognisable. 

In  respect  of  the  .species  published  since  1861 — by  Mr.  Pascoe, 
Sir  William  Macleay,  and  myself — the  difliculties  are  not  so  great 


420  REVISION    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    AMARYGMIDES, 

as  those  concerning  the  earlier  descriptions.  Here  Mr.  Masters 
has  come  to  my  help  with  great  kindness  and  has  lent  me  speci- 
mens which  he  knows  to  be  identical  with  many  of  those  on 
which  descriptions  were  founded. 

In  this  first  instalment  of  the  present  memoir  I  offer  to  the 
Society  descriptions  of  a  number  of  new  species  of  Chalcopterus. 
In  the  second  and  concluding  instalment  I  hope  to  supply  a 
tabular  statement  of  the  distinctive  characters  of  these  new 
species  and  of  most  of  the  species  previously  described,  together 
with  a  revision  of  the  much  less  numerous  species  of  Amarygmtis. 

Chalcopterus  clypealis,  sp.nov. 

(J  Sat  ovalis ;  sat  convexus ;  minus  nitidus  ;  niger,  elytris 
obscure  viridibus  hand  versicoloribus,  epipleuris  purpureo- 
micantibus ;  capite  sat  fortiter  punctulato  fronte  media  Isevi, 
clypei  parte  ante  canthos  oculares  postice  fortiter  emargi- 
nata ;  oculis  quam  antennarum  articuli  basalis  longitudine 
multo  magis  remotis ;  sulcis  ocularibus  nullis  ;  antennis_ 
corporis  dimidio  parum  brevioribus,  apicem  versus  sat 
incrassatis,  articulo  3'^  quam  P^  2"^que  conjuncti  sat  longiori 
quam  4"^  5"*que  conjuncti  parum  breviori,  articulis  8-10 
quam  latioribus  baud  duplo  longioribus ;  prothorace  quam 
longiori  (et  postice  quam  antice)  vix  duplo  latiori,  modice 
convexo,  antice  bisinuatim  leviter  emai-ginato,  a  basi  antror- 
sum  sat  sequaliter  sat  arcuatim  angustato,  sparsira  obsolete 
vix  subtilitei-  punctulato,  basi  arcuatim  bisinuata,  angulis 
auticis  obtusis ;  elytris  subtiliter  seriatim  punctulatis 
(seriebus  postice  vix  obsoletescentibus,  latera  versus  paullo 
magis  fortiter  inipressis),  interstitiis  planis  quam  series 
(seriebus  lateralibus  exceptis)  parum  minus  fortiter  punctu- 
latis ;  prosterno  baud  sulcato ;  metasterno  nitido  subtiliter 
punctulato,  episternis  opacis  sparsim  subtilissime  vel  vix 
manifeste  punctulatis ;  abdomine  nitido  minus  subtiliter 
punctulato  et  sat  foi'titer  longitndinaliter  rugato  ;  femoribus 
anticis  antice  subtiliter  sat  sparsim  punctulatis,  tarsis  subtus 
breviter  nigro-setosis.  [Long.  5i,  lat.  2t  lines. 


BY    THE    RKV.    I'.  BLACKBURN.  421 

Tliis  species  is  extremely  like  .some  \'arieties  of  C.  eupripennis, 
Hope,  and  may  possibly  pi'ove  to  be  itself  a  variety  of  that 
insect.  It  differs,  however,  from  all  the  examples  I  have  seen 
that  I  can  refer  to  eupripennis  in  two  characters  that  seem  to  be 
important,  viz.,  the  structure  of  the  head  and  the  sculpture  of  the 
elytra.  In  eupripennis  (and  in  most  Ghalcopteri)  the  forehead  is 
fUvided  from  the  clypeus  by  a  fine  suture  which  passes  (arched 
slightly  hindward)  immediately  in  front  of  the  antennal  tubers, 
in  front  of  which  stands  the  clypeus  appearing  from  its  convexity 
to  be  a  little  tumid  ;  in  clypeatus,  however,  the  space  immediately 
in  front  of  the  clyi)eal  suture  is  a  flat  continuation  of  the  plane  of 
the  clypeus,  which  space  is  strongly  arched  forward  in  front,  and 
ill  froat  of  it  the  clypeus  becomes  suddenly  tumid  with  its  hinder 
side  deeply  concave  where  the  flattened  space  mentioned  above 
cuts  into  it.  As  regards  the  sculpture  of  the  elytra,  I  have  not 
seen  among  the  examples  I  refer  to  cup>ripennis  any  in  which  the 
punctures  of  the  longitudinal  series  and  those  of  the  intei'stices 
are  so  nearly  alike  as  they  are  in  this  insect,  especially  near  the 
suture  where  the  punctures  of  the  series  are  scarcely  distinct 
from  those  of  the  interstices  ;  whereas  in  euprijjennis  (although 
the  seriate  and  interstitial  punctures  are  undoubtedly  less  distinct 
from  each  other  than  in  the  majority  of  Ghalcopteri)  even  the 
series  nearest  the  suture  is  perfectly  apparent  to  a  casual  glance. 

The  shape  of  this  species  is  diflerent  from  that  of  most  of  its 
congeners,  though  agreeing  with  that  of  C.  cuprijjennis  and 
several  others.  If  it  be  looked  at  from  tlie  side  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  highest  point  in  the  curve  which  forms  the  upper 
outline  is  exceptionally  near  to  the  base  of  the  elytra,  so  that  the 
posterior  declivit}'-  is  very  gradual  indeed,  and  begins  far  in  front 
of  the  middle.  The  puncturation  of  the  prothorax  is  very  faintly 
impressed  and  not  close,  but  it  is  not  particularly  tine  as  compared 
with  that  of  some  Ghalcopteri. 
S.  Australia;  near  Adelaide. 

C.  siMius,  sp.nov. 
Late  ovalis,  fortiter  convexus  ;   minus  nitidus  ;  niger,  elytris 
rubro-cupreis  ;  capite  (hoc  baud  canaliculato)  oculis  antennis 


422  REVISI  ON    OF    T:IK    AUSTRALIAN    AMARYGMIDES, 

(havum  articulo  3"  mauifeste  longiori)  prothoraceqiie  fere  ut 
G.  cupripennis,  Hope ;  elytroruin  quam  C.  cupripennis 
seriebus  minus  fortiter  punctulatis,  interstitiis  magis  fortiter 
punctulatis;  cetera  ut  C.  cupripennis. 

[Long.  6,  lat.  3i  lines. 
Very  like  C.  cupripennis  in  many  respects,  but  cliflfering  much 
in  shape,  being  very  wide  with  strongly  rounded  sides  and  very 
convex.  Viewed  from  the  side  the  outline  curve  of  the  elytra  is 
very  strong,  so  that  the  elytra  seem  to  be  strongly  gibbous  behind 
the  base  (as  in  C.  seniiticuSj'PsiSC.).  There  is  very  little  difterence 
between  the  seriate  punctures  of  the  elytra  and  those  of  the 
interstices,  so  that  the  former  are  very  inconspicuous.  This 
species  may  be  at  once  separated  from  C.  semiticus,  inter  alia,  by 
its  widely  separated  eyes  and  much  more  strongly  punctured 
elytral  interstices. 
N.  Queensland. 

C.    CUPRIPENNIS,  Ho|)e. 

Sat  late  ovalis  ;  sat  nitidus  ;  nigei',  elytris  cupreo-eeneis  ;  capite 
minus  crebre  subtiliter  (spatio  inter  oculos  Isevigato  excepto) 
punctulato,  in  medio  longitudinaliter  plus  minusve  perspicue 
canaliculate  ;  oculis  quam  antennarum  articuli  basalis  longi- 
tudine  multo  magis  inter  se  remotis  ;  sulcis  ocularibus  nuUis  ; 
antennis  apicem  versus  manifests  incrassatis,  quam  corporis 
dimidium  paullo  (^)  vel  sat  multo  (9)  brevioribus,  articulo 
3°  quam  1"^  2"^que  conjuncti  paullo  longiori  quam  4^^  5^'^que 
conjuncti  paullo  breviori,  articulis  8-10  quam  prsecedentes 
paullo  brevioribus;  prothorace  quam  longiori  fere  duplo 
(postice  quam  antice  tribus  partibus)  latiori,  leviter  minus 
crebre  nee  subtilissime  punctulato,  antice  sat  fortiter 
bisinuato,  a  basi  antrorsum  arcuatim  angustato,  basi  media 
sat  late  sublobata,  angulis  anticis  obtusis  posticis  (superne 
visis)  subacutis  ;  elytris  sat  subtiliter  seriatim  punctulatis, 
intei'stitiis  planis,  sat  crebre  subtiliter  leviter  (2)  vel  minus 
leviter  [^)  punctulatis  _;  prosterno  medio  plus  minusve 
distincte    carinato  ;    metasterno    iu    medio    sat    crebre    sat 


BY    THE    REV.   T.   BLACKBURN.  423 

subtiliter,  latera  versus  minus  crebre,  in  episternis  (his 
subopacis)  subtilissiuie  minus  perspicue,  punctulato ;  abdo- 
mine  minus  sparsini  minus  subtiliter  punctulato  et  sat 
fortiter  rugato ;  femoribus  anticis  antice  sparsim  subtiliter 
punctulatis  ;  tarsis  subtus  nigro-sefcosis,  posticorum  articulo 
basali  quam  ceteri  conjuneti  parum  breviori. 

[Long.  5-6^,  lat.  3-31  lines. 
The  head  is  very  nitid,  and  is  impressed  with  a  fine  more  or 
less  distinct  line  down  the  middle,  for  some  distance  on  either 
side  of  which  the  surface  is  la?vigate  ;  the  rest  of  the  head  is 
finely  but  very  distinctly  punctured,  the  punctures  tending  to 
become  stronger  and  less  close  from  the  front  of  the  clypeus 
hindward.  The  space  between  the  eyes  is  about  ;'  of  a  line 
wide.  The  puncturation  of  the  prothorax  is  faintly  impressed 
and  therefore  not  at  all  conspicuous,  but  is  not  no  fine  as  in  many 
species  in  which  it  is  more  conspicuous.  The  surface  of  the 
prothorax  is  not  less  nitid  than  that  of  the  elytra.  The  seriate 
punctures  of  the  elytra  are  finer  than  in  most  Chalcopteri,  being 
in  fact  so  little  larger  than  the  punctures  of  the  interstices 
(especially  in  the  male)  as  to  appear  somewhat  indistinct.  They 
are  generally  slightly  more  closely  placed  in  the  series  in  the  ^ 
than  in  the  (J.  In  (say)  the  middle  part  of  the  4th  series  from 
the  suture  there  are  in  a  length  equal  to  the  width  of  an 
interstice  about  four  punctures  in  the  male  and  about  (or  scarcely) 
five  in  the  female.  The  interstices  are  absolutely  flat  throughout. 
The  antennae  scarcely  differ  sexually,  but  the  general  form  being 
distinctly  more  elongate  in  the  female,  the  antenna?  in  that  sex 
are  shorter  in  comparison  of  the  total  length.  I  do  not  know 
any  species  of  Chalcopterus  in  which  the  eyes  are  more  widely 
separated. 

The  above  is  a  desciiption  of  the  ordinary  form  of  cicpripefinis, 
which  occurs  abundantly  all  over  Southern  Australia.  It  is  an 
exceedingly  variable  species  however  in  respect  of  the  colour  of 
the  elytra,  special  colouring  appearing  to  predominate  in  certain 
localities.  Examples  from  the  interior  of  S.  Australia  (Port 
Augusta,  &c.)  usually  have  blue  elytra  with   purplish  reflections, 


424  REVISION    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    AMARYGMIDES, 

but  I  can  find  no  other  difference.  From  various  localities  in 
A^ictoria  and  S.  Australia  I  have  seen  examples  with  dark  green 
elytra  which  are  somewhat  less  nitid  (I  take  this  to  be  affinis, 
Blessig).  From  Western  Australia  I  have  a  specimen  with  the 
elytra  bright  green  and  very  nitid ;  as  this  form  is  a  trifle  more 
elongate  and  less  convex  (the  summit  of  the  outline  curve  of  the 
elytra  viewed  from  the  side  being  scarcely  in  front  of  the  middle) 
it  is  possible  that  it  represents  a  distinct  species.  Examples  from 
the  Victorian  Alps  are  of  the  typical  form.  Queensland  specimens 
have  elytra  inclining  to  reddish-copper  colour,  but  do  not  seem  to 
differ  otherwise.  Amarygmns  Howitti,  Pasc,  seems  to  be  the 
typical  form.  Specimens  from  the  Fraser  Range  (taken  by  the 
Elder  Exploring  Expedition)  differ  from  the  type  only  in  having 
their  elytra  of  a  ])urplish  tone. 

C.  VERSICOLOR,  sp.nov. 

Ovalis ;  subelongatus  ;  nitidus  ;  niger,  capite  prothoraceque 
viridi  aureo  purpureoque  (elytris  aureo  purpureoque)  mican- 
tibus  ;  capite  crebre  sat  fortiter  punctulato  (parte  media  inter 
antennas  laevi  excepta),  oculis  quam  antennarum  articuli 
basalis  longitudine  paullo  magis  remotis  ;  sulcis  ocularibus 
nullis  ;  antennis  corjDoris  dimidio  sat  brevioribus  sat  I'obustis, 
articulo  3°  quam  P^  2"^que  conjuncti  paullo  longiori  quam 
4US  5usqyg  conjuncti  paullo  breviori,  articulis  8-10  quam 
prtecedentes  paullo  brevioribus  ;  fronte  sequali  ;  prothorace 
quam  longiori  plus  quam  tribus  partibus  (postice  quam  antice 
ut  5  ad  3)  latiori,  sat  crebre  sat  profunde  (nihilominus  sat 
subtiliter)  punctulato,  antice  sat  profunde  emarginato,  a  basi 
antrorsum  arcuatim  angustato,  basi  leviter  bisinuata,  angulis 
anticis  distinctis  subprominulis  posticis  obtusis  ;  elytris 
sequaliter  sat  subtiliter  seriatim  punctulatis,  interstitiis 
planis  crebre  distincte  punctulatis ;  prosterno  late  concavo 
(parte  concava  in  medio  plus  minusve  elevata)  ;  metasterno 
episternisque  nitidis  subfortiter  nee  crebre  punctulatis,  illo 
oblique  strigato ;  abdoniiue  sat  fortiter  punctulato  et  longi- 


BY    THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  425 

tudinaliter  strigato  ;  femoribus  anticis  antice  sparsim  minus 
perspicue  punctulatis  ;  tarsis  subtus  nigro-setosis. 

[Long.  5i-6i  lat.  24-3^  lines. 
The  extension  of  the  metallic  colouring  to  the  head  (which 
.seems  constant)  is  an  unusual  character.  The  combination  of 
eyes  widely  separated  ^not  much  less  widely  than  in  C.  cupri- 
pennis)  and  the  prothorax  with  its  front  margin  not  less  than  f 
as  wide  as  the  base  places  this  species  among  a  group  of  very 
limited  number.  In  that  group  the  metallic  head,  non-striate 
elytra,  comparatively  large  size,  will  distinguish  the  present 
species.  The  sculpture  of  the  prosternum  seems  variable — indeed 
I  tind  it  an  unsatisfactory  character  in  most  of  the  Chalcopteri  ; 
in  this  species  the  prosternum  is  widely  concave  down  the  middle 
(at  any  rate  in  the  front  part),  but  the  middle  of  this  sulcus  is 
iiiore  or  less  convex,  so  that  a  kind  of  keel  runs  along  it  which  in 
some  examples  is  little  noticeable  and  in  others  almost  fills  up  the 
concavity.  The  sculpture  of  the  elytra  is  almost  exactly  as  in  C. 
cupripetmis.  The  elytral  outline  viewed  from  the  side  is  an  even 
gentle  curve  with  its  summit  at  (or  almost  behind)  the  middle. 
S.  Australia ;  basin  of  Lake  Eyre. 

C.  TINCTUS,  sp.nov. 
Ovalis ;  nitidus ;  convexus ;  niger,  prothorace  elytrisque  versi- 
coloribus,  cyaneo-  et  purpureo-micantibus  ;  capite  (parte 
media  inter  antennas  lajvi  excepta)  crebre  sat  fortiter  punc- 
tulato ;  oculis  quam  antennaruin  articuli  basalis  longitudine 
vix  magis  inter  se  remotis ;  sulcis  ocularibus  nullis  ;  antennis 
quam  corporis  dimidium  vix  (,J)  vel  sat  manifeste  (5)  breviori- 
bus,  apicem  versus  vix  incrassatis,  articulo  3°  quam  P^  2"^ 
que  conjunct!  sat  longiori  quam  4^^  5"^que  conjuncti  sat 
breviori,  articulis  8-11  quam  prsecedentes  manifeste  breviori- 
bus ;  prothorace  quam  longiori  (et  postice  quam  antice)  fere 
duplo  latiori,  sat  crebre  sat  profunde  nihilominus  sat  subti- 
liter)  punctulato,  antice  sat  fortiter  bisinuato,  a  basi  antror- 
sum  arcuatim  angustato,  basi  media  sat  late  sublobata, 
angulis  anticis  obtusis  posticis  fere  rectis  ;  elytris  subtiliter 


426  REVISION    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    AMARYC;MIDES, 

(latera  versus  paullo  minus  subtiliter)  seriatim  punctulatis, 
interstitiis  planis  sparsim  (^)  vel  minus  sparsim  (5)  distincte 
punctulatis  ;  prosterno  medio  sulcato  ;  metasterno  in  medio 
et  in  episternis  sat  crebre,  in  parte  intermedia  sparsim, 
punctulato;  abdomine  crebre  punctulato  et  rugato;  femoribus 
anticis  antice  perspicue  sat  crebre  punctulatis ;  tarsis  subtus 
nigro-setosis,  posticorum  articulo  basali  ceteris  conjunctis 
longitudine  jequali.  [Long.  5^,  lat.  3-4i  lines. 

This  species  bears  considerable  general  resemblance  to  C.  poly- 
chromus,  Pasc,  but  is  of  more  robust  build,  with  the  eyes  much 
less  widely  separated  from  each  other,  the  seiiate  punctures  of  the 
elytra  clearly  traceable  quite  to  the  base,  &c.  Compared  with 
C.  cuprijjennis,  the  interval  between  the  eyes  is  only  about  half 
as  wide,  the  antennee  are  more  slender  and  filiform,  the  prothorax 
is  a  little  less  transverse,  the  sculpture  of  the  elytra  is  not  much 
different,  the  legs  (and  especially  the  tarsi)  are  much  more 
elongate,  and  the  colour  of  the  prothorax  and  elytra  in  all  the 
examples  I  have  seen  is  bright  purple  changing  in  certain  lights 
to  cyaneous.  The  outline  curve  of  the  elytra  viewed  from  the 
side  is  rather  strong,  with  its  summit  at  about  the  middle  of  its 
length.  There  are  about  four  punctures  (in  the  elytral  series 
exclusive  of  the  nearest  two  to  the  suture)  in  a  length  equal  to 
the  width  of  an  interstice. 

S.  Austi'alia. 

C.  DiFFiciLis,  sp.nov. 

Ovalis  ;  subelongatus  ;  nitidus  ;  niger,  elytris  viridi-aureo-  et 
purpureo-versicoloribus;  capite  aqualiter  distincte  punctulato ; 
oculis  quam  antennarum  articuli  basalis  longitudine  paullo 
magis  inter  se  remotis  ;  sulcis  ocularibus  fere  nullis  ; 
antennis  ($  ?)  quam  corporis  dimidium  multo  brevioribus, 
apicem  versus  paullo  incrassatis,  articulo  3°  quam  1"^  2"*  que 
conjuncti  baud  longiori  quam  4"*  5"^que  conjuncti  parum 
breviori,  articulis  8-10  quam  preecedentes  vix  brevioribus  ; 
prothorace  quam  longiori  (et  postice  quam  antice)  fere  duplo 


BY    THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  427 

latiori,  sat  crebre  minus  subtiliter  nee  profunde  punctulato, 
antice  bisinuato,  a  basi  antrorsura  (superne  viso)  arcuatim 
angustato,  basi  media  sublobata,  angulis  anticis  obtusis 
posticis  (superne  visis)  subacutis ;  elytris  subtiliter  (fere  ut 
G.  cupripennis)  seriatim  punctulatis,  interstitiis  planis  (quam 
cupripennis  magis)  subtiliter  sparsius  punctulatis  ;  prosterno 
medio  carinato  ;  metasterno  et  episternis  sparsim  subtilissime 
punctulatis,  illo  ad  latera  oblique  rugato  ;  abdomine  fere  ut 
metasternum  punctulato  et  distincte  rugato ;  femoribus  anticis 
antice  sparsim  subtiliter  punctulatis ;  tarsis  subtus  nigro- 
setosis,  posticorum  articulo  basali  ceteris  conjunctis  multo 
brevioribus.  [Long.  5i,  lat.  2i  lines. 

This  is  a  somewhat  difficult  species  to  place  in  my  tabulation, 
owing  to  its  having  slight  (but  only  slight)  indications  of  ocular 
sulci  and  elytral  interstices  punctured  somewhat  less  strongly 
than  in  the  allies  of  cupripennis,  but  decidedly  more  strongly 
than  in  Icetiis,  so  that  it  appears  somewhat  interaiediate ;  the 
sides  of  its  prothorax,  moreover,  viewed  from  above,  are  less 
strongly  arcuate  than  in  most  species  in  which  the  form  of  the 
prothorax  is  what  I  have  called  "normal,"  so  that  it  tends  a 
little  towards  the  group  with  their  prothorax  trapezoidal.  In 
colouring  and  puncturation  of  the  prothorax  and  elytral  series  it 
resembles  a  very  bright  specimen  of  C.  cicpripennis  but  its  head 
is  evenly  punctured,  its  prothorax  more  narrowed  in  front,  its 
eyes  more  approximate,  its  antennae  shorter,  its  elytral  interstices 
more  finely  punctured,  and  the  basal  joint  of  its  hind  tarsi  much 
shorter.  It  also  resembles  fervens,  Germ.,  but  differs  from  that 
species  inter  alia  by  its  black  head,  prothorax  and  undersurface,  its 
more  approximate  eyes,  much  shorter  antennae,  and  the  much 
shorter  basal  joint  of  its  hind  tarsi.  The  outline  curve  of  its 
elytra  (viewed  from  the  side)  is  moderately  strong,  with  its 
summit  a  little  in  front  of  the  middle.  It  is  not  at  all  like 
G.  rugosipennis,  MacL,  next  to  which  the  exigencies  of  tabulation 
require  it  to  be  placed. 

S.  Australia  ;  McDonnell  Ranges ;  sent  by  C.  French,  Esq. 
29 


428  REVISION    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    AMARYGMIDES, 

C.  LiETUS,  sp.nov. 

Ovalis  ;  subelongatus ;  nitidissimus ;  niger,  capite  obscure 
cupreo  prothorace  minus  nitido  cyaneo,  elytvis  splendide 
viridi-aureo  et  purpureo-iridescentibus;  capite  crebre  jequaliter 
punctulato ;  oculis  subapproximatis  quam  antennarum 
articuli  basalis  longitudine  fere  minus  inter  se  remotis ; 
sulcis  ocularibus  nullis  ;  antennis  quam  corporis  dimidium 
sat  brevioribus,  articulo  3°  quam  1^*  2"^^que  conjuncti  vix 
longiori  quam  4"^  5"^que  conjuncti  sat  breviori,  articulis  8-10 
quam  prsecedentes  parum  brevioribus ;  prothorace  quam 
longiori  (et  postice  quam  antice)  fere  duplo  latiori,  sparsim 
obsolete  vix  manifeste  punctulato,  antice  sat  fortiter  bisinuato, 
a  basi  antrorsum  (superne  viso)  sequaliter  arcuatim  angustato, 
basi  bisinuata,  angulis  anticis  obtusis  ;  elytris  sat  subtiliter 
fere  ut  C.  cupripennis  sed  multo  minus  crebi'e)  seriatim 
punctulatis,  seriebus  suturam  versus  et  postice  magis  sub- 
tilibus,  interstitiis  planis  sparsim  subtilissime  vix  perspicue 
punctulatis ;  prosterno  medio  concavo ;  metastei^no  sub- 
tilissime punctulato  et  oblique  leviter  rugato,  episternis 
minus  nitidis  obsolete  punctulatis ;  abdomine  sparsim  sat 
subtiliter  punctulato  et  longitudinaliter  rugato  ;  femoribus 
anticis  sparsim  subtilissime  punctulatis  ;  tarsis  subtus  nigro- 
setosis,  posticorum  articulo  basali  ceteris  conjunctis  (unguiculis 
exceptis)  sat  ?equali.  [Long.  6,  lat.  31  lines. 

A  somewhat  longer  and  less  robust  species  than  C.  aipripennis, 
with  its  elytral  outline  (viewed  from  the  side)  moderately  arched, 
the  summit  of  the  arch  rather  behind  the  middle.  The  elytral 
series  of  punctures  are  exceptionally  conspicuous  owing  to  "their 
individual  punctures  not  being  crowded  together,  and  the 
interstices  being  so  finely  punctulate  as  to  appear  Isfivigate  unless 
under  a  vexy  strong  lens.  The  elytra  of  this  .species  are  among 
the  most  nitid  and  brilliantly  iridescent  in  the  genus. 

Two  examples  in  my  collection,  said  to  be  from   N.  S.  Wales 
must   certainly,    I   think,    be    attributed    to   this   species ;    their 


BY    THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  429 

elytral  interstices  are  a  trifle  more  strongly  punctulate,  but  I  can 
find  no  other  distinction  whatevei*. 

S.  W.  Australia. 

C.  .TUVENis,  sp.nov. 

^  (?).  Elongato-ovalis  ;  sat  convexus  ;  nitidus;  niger,  prothorace 
elytrisque  cyaneis  purpureo-micantibus  ;  capite  sat  fortiter 
sat  fequaliter  punctulato,  vertice  breviter  longitudiualiter 
sulcato  (sulci  fundo  Isevi)  ;  oculis  quam  autennarum  articuli 
basalis  longitudine  paullo  magis  remotis  ;  sulcis  ocularibus 
nullis  ;  antennis  corporis  dimidio  parum  brevioribus,  apicem 
versus  parum  incrassatis,  articulo  3°  quam  P^  2"\|ue 
conjuncti  manifeste  longiori  quam  4"^  o^^que  conjuncti  sat 
breviori,  articulis  8-10  quam  pi'iBcedentes  paullo  brevioribus 
parum  latioribus  ;  prothorace  quam  longiori  (et  postice  quam 
antice)  tribus  partibus  latiori,  minus  sparsim  minus  subtiliter 
punctulato,  cetera  ut  C.  clypealis ;  elytris  seriatim  (suturam 
versus  subtilius,  latera  versus  magis  fortiter,  apicem  versus 
vix  minus  fortiter)  punctulatis,  interstitiis  plauis  sparsim 
subtilissime  punctulatis  ;  prosterno  haud  sulcato  ;  metasterno 
fere  Isevi,  episternis  sparsim  subtilissime  punctulatis ; 
abdoraine  sparsim  subtiliter  punctulato  et  longitudiualiter 
rugato ;  pedibus  ut  C.  clypealis.  [Long.  5,  lat.  2-?  lines. 

Compared  with  C.  ciipripennis,  Hope,  this  species  is  narrower 
and  more  parallel,  its  antennse  less  thickened  towards  the  apex, 
and  having  the  third  joint  proportionally  a  little  shorter,  the 
prothorax  less  transverse,  more  strongly  punctured  and  brightly 
coloured,  the  elytral  seriate  punctures  a  little  stronger  and  not 
quite  so  closely  placed  (appearing  very  much  more  distinct  owing 
to  the  interstices  being  almost  Isevigate),  the  eyes  not  quite  so 
remote,  no  Isevigate  space  between  the  eyes  on  the  front  part  of 
the  forehead,  the  vertex  (in  the  typical  example)  with  a  short 
distinct  Isevigate  sulcus,  &c. 

S.  Australia ;  Morgan. 


430  REVISION    OF   THE    AUSTRALIAN    AMARYGMIDES, 

C.  CARUS,  sp.nov. 

9  (?).  Elongato-ovalis;  nitidus;  niger,  prothorace  elytrisque  Isete 
cyaneis,  purpureo-micantibus  ;  capite  minus  ci'ebre  subfortiter 
punctulato  ;  oculis  quam  anteniiarum  articuli  basalis  longi- 
tudine  magis  inter  se  remotis ;  sulcis  ocularibus  nullis  ; 
antennis  apicem  versus  manifeste  incrassatis,  quam  corporis 
dimidium  sat  brevioribus,  articulo  S°  quam  1"^  2"*que 
conjuncti  vix  longiori  quam  4^^  5"^que  conjuncti  paullo 
breviori,  articulis  8-10  quam  prsecedentes  paullo  brevioribus; 
prothorace  quam  longiori  (et  postice  quam  antice)  vix  duabus 
partibus  latiori,  sparsim  obsolete  punctulato,  antice  sat 
fortiter  bisinuato,  a  basi  antrorsum  sat  arcuatim  angustato, 
basi  media  sat  late  sublobata,  angulis  anticis  distinctis  vix 
subacutis  posticis  obtusis :  elytris  sat  subtiliter  seriatim 
punctulatis,  interstitiis  planis  vix  perspicue  punctulatis ; 
prosterno  medio  sulcato ;  metasterno  (episternis  inclusis) 
sparsim  subtilissime  punctulato  ;  abdomine  rugato  et  sat 
subtiliter  punctulato ;  femoribus  anticis  antice  sparsim  sat 
subtiliter  punctulatis  ;  tarsis  subtus  nigro-setosis,  posticorum 
articulo  basali  quam  ceteri  conjuncti  fere  longiori. 

[Long.  4|,  lat.  21  lines. 

This  species  is  difficult  to  place  under  the  system  I  have  adopted 
in  tabulating  the  Chalcopteri,  as  the  width  of  its  prothorax  in 
front  is  just  about  ^  of  the  width  at  the  base.  Such  difficulties 
are  inevitable  in  any  tabulation  of  a  large  number  of  closely  allied 
forms.  I  have  decided  to  place  this  species  among  those  with  the 
prothorax  less  narrowed  anteriorly.  If  it  were  placed  among 
those  with  the  prothorax  anteriorly  more  narrowed  it  would  stand 
beside  C.  modeshts,  which  has  eyes  much  less  distant  from  each 
other  and  the  punctures  of  the  lateral  series  on  the  elytra  much 
larger. 

Compared  with  C.  cuj^ripennis  the  present  insect  has  eyes  a 
little  less  widely  separated,  prothorax  less  transverse,  seriate 
punctures  of  elytra  not  much  different,  interstices  much  less 
punctured  (all   but  impunctate),  basal  joint  of  hind  tarsi  more 


RY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  431 

elongate,  &c.,  &c.     The  colour  of   the  head  and  prothorax  in  the 
typical  example  is  a  uniform  bright  blue  in  some  lights,  changing 
to  purplish  from  certain  points  of  view. 
W.  Australia ;  Eucla  district. 

C.  SPARSUS,  sp.nov. 

(J.  Sat  late  ovalis,  postice  sat  acuminatus ;  sat  convexus  ;  sat 

nitidus  ;  niger  elytris  roseo-cupreis  (exemplorum  nonnullorum 

certo    adspectu   viridi-micantibus)  ;    capite   sequaliter  crebre 

subfortiter   punctulato  ;    oculis    inter  se   sat    approximatis ; 

sulcis   ocularibus    nuUis ;    antennis  corporis   dimidio    parum 

brevioribus,  apicem  versus  vix  incrassatis,  articulo  3°  quam 

ps  2"«que  conjuncti  vix  longiori  quam  4"^  5"^que  conjuncti 

multo    breviori,    articulis    8-10    quam    prsecedentes    parum 

brevioribus  ;    prothorace    quam    longiori    (et    postice    quam 

antice)  duplo  latiori,  modice  convexo,  antice  leviter  bisinua- 

tim  emarginato,  a  basi  antrorsum  sat  agqualiter  sat  arcuatim 

angustato,  sat  opaco,  vix  perspicue  punctulato,  basi  media 

anguste  sublobata,  angulis  anticis  obtusis ;   elytris  subtiliter 

(fere    ut    C.    cuprvpennis)    seriatim    punctulatis    (serierum 

lateralium  puncturis  paullo  magis  fortiter  impressis),  inter- 

stitiis    planis    sparsim    subtilissime    punctulatis ;    prosterno 

medio    sulcato  ;    metasterno    sat    nitido    sublsevi,    episternis 

minus  nitidis  vix  distincte  punctulatis ;  abdomine  vix  mani- 

feste  punctulato  obscure  longitudinaliter  strigato  ;  femoribus 

anticis  antice  sparsim  subtiliter   punctulatis ;    tarsis  subtus 

breviter  nigro-setosis.  [Long.  5|^-6|,  lat.  3-3^  lines. 

Resembles   C.    cuprijyennis   in    colouring — also    in    shape,   but 

having  the  elytra  even  more  strongly  convex  longitudinally  (i.e., 

as  viewed  from  the  side).     The  seriate  punctures  of  the  elytra  are 

not  in  reality  much  stronger  than  in  cupripennis,  but  the  absence 

of  distinct  puncturation  on  the  interstices   makes   them   appear 

infinitely  more  distinct  than  they  do  in  cupripennis,  where  they 

are  much  obscured  by  the  conspicuousness  of  the  puncturation  of 

the  interstices.     The  eyes  are  very  much  less  separated  than  those 

of  cupripennis. 

N.  Territory  of  S.  Australia, 


432  REVISION    OF   THE    AUSTRALIAN   AMARYGMIDES, 

C.  MODESTUS,  sp.nov. 

2  (?).  Sat  late  ovalis ;  minus  nitidus ;  niger,  vix  picescens, 
elytris  purpureis,  cyaneo-micantibus ;  capite  crebre  sat  ajqua- 
liter  minus  subtiliter  punctulato,  oculis  quam  antennarum 
articuli  basalis  longitudine  fere  minus  inter  se  remotis ; 
sulcis  ocularibus  nuUis  ;  antennis  corporis  dimidio  vix  longio- 
ribus,  articulo  3°  quam  1"^  2"^que  conjuncti  vix  longiori 
quam  4^^^  5"^que  conjuncti  paullo  breviori,  articulis  8-10 
quam  prtecedenfces  vix  brevioribus  ;  prothorace  quam  longiori 
(et  postice  quam  antice)  duplo  latiori,  sat  opaco,  obsolete  vix 
crebre  punctulato,  antice  bisiiiuato,  a  basi  antrorsum  (superne 
viso)  sequaliter  arcuatim  angustato,  basi  bisinuata,  angulis 
anticis  obtusis  ;  elytris  fortiter  seriatim  punctulatis,  puncturis 
in  seriebus  minus  crebre  positis  a  serierum  lateralium  parte 
mediana  antrorsum  retrorsum  et  suturam  versus  gradatim 
magis  subtilibus,  interstitiis  planis  leviter  vix  perspicue 
nee  crebre  punctulatis ;  prosterno  medio  leviter  concavo  ; 
metasterno  medio  subtiliter,  episternis  vix  perspicue,  punctu- 
latis ;  abdomine  vix  perspicue  punctulato  leviter  longitu- 
dinaliter  rugato  ;  femoribus  anticis  sparsim  subtilissime 
punctulatis  ;  tarsis  subtus  nigro-setosis,  posticorum  articulo 
basali  ceteris  conjunctis  (unguiculis  exceptis)  fere  longiori. 

[Long.  3i,  lat.  2i  lines. 
A  very  distinct  species.  The  punctures  in  the  middle  of  the 
lateral  series  (where  t\?s'0  each  in  adjoining  series  form  the  corners 
of  a  square)  are  much  larger  than  any  on  the  elytra  of  C.  cujni- 
peMnis,  but  they  are  gradually  smaller  in  all  directions,  so  that 
the  punctures  near  the  base,  the  apex,  and  the  suture  are  about 
the  same  size  as  those  of  cuirripennis,  and  as  they  become  smaller 
they  are  more  closely  placed.  The  space  between  the  eyes  is  very 
much  narrower  than  in  C.  cup7'ij)ennis. 

N.  Queensland  ;  also  Thursday  Island  ;  sent  by  C.  French,  Esq. 

C.  VIGILANS,  sp.nov. 
Ovalis,   subelongatus ;    minus   nitidus ;    niger,    exempli    typici 
prothorace  cyaneo-micanti  elytris  violaceo-purpureis  (his  ad 


BY   THE   REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.   '  433 

latera  viridi-micantibus) ;  capite  sat  crebre  sat  sequaliter 
distincte  punctulato ;  oculis  magnis  approximatis  quam 
antf*nn?rum  articuli  2'  longitudine  baud  magis  inter  se 
remotis  ;  sulcis  ocularibus  nullis ;  antennis  (exempli  typici) 
carentibus,  avticulis  basalibus  2  exceptis  ;  prothorace  quam 
longiori  (et  postice  quam  antice)  vix  duplo  latiori,  leviter 
subtiliter  punctulato,  antice  sat  fortiter  bisinuato,  a  basi 
antrorsum  sequalitei'  arcuatim  angustato,  basi  bisinuata, 
angulis  anticis  obtusis ;  elytris  subtiliter  (quam  C.  cupri- 
pennis  paullo  magis  subtiliter)  sat  crebre  seriatim  punctulatis, 
seriebus  apicem  versus  obsoletescentibus,  interstitiis  sparsim 
subtilissime  vix  perspicue  punctulatis  ;  prosterno  (exempli 
typici)  leviter  canaliculato  ;  metasterno  (episternis  inclusis) 
fere  Isevi ;  abdomine  leviter  longitudinaliter  rugato  vix 
perspicue  punctulato  ;  femoribus  anticis  sparsim  subtilissime 
punctulatis  ;  tarsis  subtus  nigro-setosis,  posticorum  articulo 
basali  ceteris  conjunctis  (unguiculis  exceptis)  sat  sequali. 

[Long.  6,  lat.  3  lines. 
This  insect  is  distinguished  from  nearly  all  its  congeners  by 
the  distance  between  its  eyes  being  not  greater  than  the  length  of 
the  2nd  joint  of  its  antennae.  Viewed  from  the  side  the  outline 
of  the  elytra  is  a  moderately  strong  curve,  the  summit  of  which  is 
about  at  the  middle.  Compared  with  G.  GuprijMnnis,  Hope,  this 
species  is  narrower,  more  elongate,  and  of  less  robust  appearance, 
with  the  punctures  of  the  prothorax  much  finer,  the  seriate 
punctures  of  the  elytra  a  little  finer,  and  those  of  the  elytral 
interstices  scarcely  discernible  except  under  a  very  strong  lens, 
N.  Territory  of  S.  Australia. 

C.  BELLUS,  sp.nov. 

(J  (?).  Ovalis ;  sat  convexus ;  minus  nitidus ;  niger,  elytris 
cseruleis,  prothorace  vix  caeruleo-micanti ;  capite  obsolete 
sparsim  (clypeo  verticeque  magis  crebre  minus  obsolete) 
punctulato ;  oculis  quam  antennarum  articuli  basalis  longi- 
tudine vix  magis  remotis  ;  sulcis  ocularibus  nullis  ;  antennis 
robustis  corporis  dimidio  longitudine  sat  ajqualibus,  apicem 


434  REVISION    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    AMARYGMIDES, 

versus  sat  incrassatis,  articulo  3"  quam  1"^  2"^que  conjuncti 

sat   longiori    quam    4^^^    5"^que    conjuncti     parum    breviori, 

articulis  8-10    quam   prsecedentes  (3°   excepto)   nullo    modo 

brevioribus ;    prothorace  quam    longiori    (et   postice    quam 

antice)   duabus  partibus   latiori,  obsolete  (latera  versus  vix 

manifeste)  sat  crebre  punctulato,  antice  fere  truncato,  cetei'a 

ut    G.  clypealis ;  elytris  seriatim   sat  sequaliter  sat  fortiter 

(postice    magis    subtiliter)     punctulatis,    interstitiis    planis 

sparsim  vix  manifeste  punctulatis ;  prosterno  baud  sulcato ; 

corpore    subtus    toto    Icevigato,    abdomine     baud    strigoso  ; 

femoribus    sublsevigatis,    tibiis    sparsim    punctulatis ;    tarsis 

subtus  nigro-setosis.  [Long.  6,  lat.  3  lines. 

The  prothorax  is  comparatively  small  (its  width  is  to  the  elytra 

as  5  to  8) ;  its  width  only  exceeding  the  length  by  about  |  of  the 

latter   furnishes   a   good    distinction    from    many    species.      The 

punctures  of  the  elytral  series  are  much  larger  than  those  of 

ctcpripennis,  and  scarcely  so  large  as   those  in   the  juxta-sutural 

series  in  jjunctipennis,  Macl. ;  they  ai'e   rather  closely  placed  in 

the  seizes.     The  interstices  (as   in   the   preceding  3  species)  are 

absolutely    flat    throughout.       This    species    bears    considerable 

resemblance  to  the  insect  which  I  take  to  be  C.  ccelestis,  Pasc, 

but   differs    by  its    bluish-green    and    by   no    means    impunctate 

prothorax,  its  much  stouter  antennae,  eyes  much  less  approximate, 

and    not    bordered    within    by    sulci,    &c.       An    example    from 

Thursday  Island  has  elytra  more  purplish  in  colour. 

N.  Queensland  ;  also  Thursday  Island. 

C.  BREViPES,  sp.nov. 

Sat  cylindricus ;  sat  nitidus ;  niger,  prothorace  plus  minus 
aureo-micanti,  elytris  leete  versicoloribus  (coloribus  aureis 
purpureis  viridibusque  ornatis) ;  capite  crebre  sat  sequaliter 
(postice  paullo  spai'sius)  subfortiter  punctulato ;  oculis  quam 
antennarum  articuli  basalis  longitudine  vix  magis  inter  se 
remotis ;  sulcis  ocularibus  fere  nullis ;  antennis  corporis 
dimidio  sat  {^)  vel  multo  (5)  brevioribus,  articulo  3°  quam 
JUS    2"^que    conjuncti    manifeste    longiori    quam    4"^  5"^que 


BY   THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN,  435 

conjuncti  multo  breviori,  articulis  8-10  quam  prsececlentes 
paullo  ((J)  vel  multo  (§)  brevioribus ;  prothorace  quam 
longiori  duabus  partibus  (postice  quam  antice  fere  duplo) 
latiori,  distincte  insequaliter  (subacervatim)  punctulato, 
antice  leviter  emarginato,  lateribus  (superne  visis)  a  basi 
antrorsuQi  rotundatim  convergentibus,  basi  media  sat  anguste 
sublobata,  angulis  anticis  obtusis ;  elytris  ^equaliter  sat 
subtiliter  (quam  cupripetmis,  Hope,  paullo  minus  subtiliter) 
seriatim  punctulatis,  interstitiis  planis  subtilius  subcrebie 
punctulatis ;  prosteruo  minus  fortiter  carinato  ;  metaaterno 
distincte  punctulato  et  sat  fortiter  oblique  rugato,  episternis 
subopacis  leviter  indistincte  punctulatis  ;  femoribus  anticis 
antice  sparsim  subtiliter  punctulatis  ;  tarsis  subtus  nigro- 
setosis,  posticorum  articulo  basali  quam  4"^  parum  longiori  ; 
abdomine  sat  crebre  punctulato  et  longitudinaliter  rugato, 

[Long.  9,  lat,  4|-  lines. 
The  puncturation  of  the  elytra  is  much  like  that  of  C.  cupri- 
pennis,  but  the  seriate  punctures  are  more  distinct  owing  to 
there  being  a  greater  disparity  between  them  and  the  punctures 
of  the  interstices.  The  eyes  are  considerably  more  approximate 
than  in  cupripennis.  The  shortness  of  the  hind  tarsi  (and 
especially  of  their  basal  joint)  is  a  conspicuous  character, 
Victoria  ;  sent  by  C.  French,  Esq. 

C.  PLACiDus,  sp.nov. 

Late  ovalis  ;  sat  nitidus  ;  supra  viridis  vel  purpui-eus  vel  aureus, 
vel  his  coloribus  intermixtis  micans,  corpore  subtus  antennis 
palpis  pedibusque  nigris  ;  capite  antice  crebre  postice  sparsius 
punctulato,  oculis  quam  antennarum  articuli  basalis  longitu- 
dine  vix  minus  inter  se  remotis,  intus  vix  manifesto  sulco 
marginatis ;  antennis  quam  corporis  dimidium  sat  brevioribus, 
articulo  3°  quam  1"**  2"'  que  conjuncti  sat  longiori  quam  4"^ 
5"^  que  conjuncti  sat  breviori,  articulis  8-11  quam  prsecedentes 
sat  brevioribus  ;  prothorace  sat  convexo,  quam  longiori  (et 
postice  quam  antice)  duabus  partibus  latiori,  distincte  in- 
sequaliter   punctulato,   lateribus   a   basi   antrorsum   (superne 


436  REVISION   OF   THE   AUSTRALIAN   AMARYGMIDES, 

visis)  convergentibus,  margine  antico  bisinuatim  emarginato, 
angulis  anticis  obtusis  parum  productis  posticis  (superne 
visis)  subrectis ;  elytris  quam  prothorax  duabus  partibus 
latioribus,  modice  convexis,  seriatim  punctulatis  (seriebus 
antice  obliteratis),  puncturis  in  seriebus  crebris  subtilibus, 
interstitiis  distincte  minus  crebre  punctulatis  ;  prosterno 
medio  concave ;  metasterno  toto  (episternis  inclusis)  et  abdo- 
mine  subfortiter  minus  sparsim  punctulatis ;  hoc  longitudi- 
naliter  strigoso ;  femoribus  anticis  sat  crebre  sat  fortiter 
punctulatis ;  tarsis  subtus  nigro-setosis,  posticorum  articulo 
basali  quam  ceteri  conjuncti  hand  breviori. 

[Long.  8,  lat.  5  lines. 

A  very  distinct  species  on  account  of  its  wide  form,  the  com- 
paratively strong  punctui-ation  of  its  metasternum  and  femora,  &c. 
The  eyes  are  not  really  margined  with  a  sulcus,  but  the  space 
separating  them  (which  is  much  narrower  than  in  C.  cupriiyennis, 
fervens,  &c.)  being  slightly  raised  above  the  level  of  the  margin  of 
the  eye  causes  a  deceptive  appearance  of  a  veiy  narrow  sulcus. 
Viewed  from  the  side,  the  curve  of  the  outline  of  the  elytra  is 
strong  and  is  very  manifestly  at  its  highest  decidedly  in  front  of 
the  middle.  The  seriate  punctures  of  the  elytra  are  finer,  aiad  the 
interstitial  stronger,  than  in  citpy'ipennis,  so  that  the  series  are 
less  distinct  than  in  that  species ;  near  the  front  they  are  quite 
obliterated. 

W.  Australia  :  seems  to  be  widely  distributed. 

C.   FROGGATTI,  Sp.nOV. 

C.  placido  affinis ;  antennarum  articulo  3"  minus  elongato ; 
prothorace  magis  fortiter  transverso,  quam  longiori  fere 
duplo  latiori,  lateribus  a  basi  ultra  medium  leviter  hinc  ad 
apicem  sat  fortiter  convergentibus  ;  elytris  prothoracem 
latitudine  minus  antecedentibus  ;  prosterno  medio  carinato  ; 
abdomine  magis  crebre  punctulato  ;  tarsorum  posticorum 
articulo  basali  quam  ceteri  conjuncti  paullo  breviori. 

[Long.  7,  lat.  4  lines. 


BY    TflE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  437 

Besides  the  differences  specified  above,  this  species  difters  from 
all  the  examples  known  to  me  of  C.  placidus  in  colour,  the  pro- 
thorax  being  black  with  a  faint  coppery  tone,  and  the  elytra  of  aj 
uniform  reddish-copper  colour  with  the  suture  greenish  in  certain 
lights,  whereas  in  all  the  specimens  of  C.  placidus  I  have  seen  the 
whole  upper  surface  is  blue  or  green,  changing  from  certain  points 
of  view  to  pui'ple  or  golden.  The  form  of  the  prothorax  is  very 
like  that  of  C.  fastuosus,  Germ.,  (but  with  the  crowded  lateral 
puncturation  wanting).  The  prothorax  being  much  less  rapidly 
narrowed  forward  than  that  of  C.  placidus  appears  conspicuously 
more  massive. 

N.  S.  Wales  ;  taken  near  Maitland  by  Mr.  Froggatt  and 
generously  presented  to  me. 

C.  PURPUREUS,  Germ. 

C.    versicolori    valde    affinis ;    difFert    forma   angustiori,   capite 

baud   (vel   vix)   metallico-micanti,  pi'othorace   magis  nitido, 

elytris  perspicue   (nee   profunde)  striatis,  interstitiis   leviter 

convexis.  [Long.  4^-6^,  lat.  24-34  lines. 

The  species  forming  the  group  to  which  this  and   C.  versicolor 

belong  are  extremely  closely  allied  inter  se,  and  it  is  possible  that 

they  ought  to  be  considered  local   races  of  a  single  type.     The 

differences,  however,  such  as  they  are,  seem  to  be  constant.     I 

found  G.  versicolor  plentifully  (though  I  was  able  to  take  only  a 

short  series)  on  young  shoots   of  Euccdyptus  in   the  far   North 

(basin  of  Lake  Eyre),  and  all   the  specimens   of  it  that  I  have 

examined  seem  to  be  quite  identical,  being  oval  in  form,  with  the 

prothorax  a  little  less  nitid  than  the  elytra,  the  head   of  a  bright 

green  colour,  and  the  elytra,  when  carefully  examined,  not  in  the 

least  striate,  although  the  closeness   of  the  seriate  punctures  in 

the  rows  makes  them  seem  to  a  casual  glance  finely  striate,  with 

the  interstices  perfectly  flat.     C.  pu7'pureus  is  widely  distributed 

and  not  uncommon  in  the  southern  part  of   S.  Australia.     It  is  a 

distinctly  narrower    and    more    elongate    species  with    the   head 

black   or  faintly  tinged  with  copper  colour,  the   prothorax  very 

nitid  and   the  elytra  distinctly  though    finely  striate,  with  their 


438  REVISION    OF   THE   AUSTRALIAN    AMARYGMIDES, 

interstices  widely  and  gently  convex.  I  suspect  that  G.  pur^jureus 
is  the  insect  from  Port  Lincoln  that  Mr.  Pascoe  refers  to  (Ann. 
Nat.  Hist.  1870,  p.  105)  as  a  variety  of  G.  suturalis,  sibi,  as  T 
have  frequently  taken,  at  Port  Lincoln,  G.  purpureus  (coloured, 
as  Mr.  Pascoe  describes  the  so-called  var.  of  suturalis),  but  never 
anything  more  like  C.  suturalis.  This  (C.  suturalis)  is  another 
species  belonging  to  the  same  group,  and  was  described  by  Mr. 
Pascoe  on  an  example  from  Western  Australia.  Through  the 
courtesy  of  G.  Masters,  Esq.,  of  Sydney,  I  have  been  able  to 
examine  a  specimen  which  he  tells  me  was  named  suturalis  by 
Mr.  Pascoe,  and  which  agrees  well  with  the  description.  It  is 
very  close  to  G.  piirpuretis  in  respect  of  all  characters  except  the 
sculpture  of  the  elytra  (I  attach  no  importance  to  the  colour  of 
the  suture  alluded  to  by  Mr.  Pascoe,  as  I  find  it  to  vary  in 
C.  picrpureus),  but  .its  elytra  are  very  deeply  striate,  with  the 
interstices  strongly  elevated,  evidently  narrower  than  the  inter- 
stices of  G.  purpureits  and  scarcely  visibly  punctured.  It  appears 
to  me  quite  possible  that  C.  anthracinus,  described  by  Mr.  Hope 
(Proc.  Ent.  Soc  1842,  p.  79)  in  a  few  words,  quite  insufiicient 
for  confident  identification,  may  be  a  black  var.  of  C.  2>urpureus 
(I  have  seen  a  single  black  specimen  of  that  insect),  but  I  have 
no  means  of  settling  the  point,  and  the  application  of  the  name 
anthracinus  to  an  insect  brilliantly  shining  with  golden  purple 
and  green  colours,  because  it  was  first  named  on  a  very  rare 
black  variety,  seems  so  unnatural  as  almost  to  justify  a  change  of 
name  even  if  my  suspicion  should  prove  to  be  well  founded. 

C.  viviDUS,  sp.nov. 
2  (?).  Elongato-ovalis  ;  sat  nitidus  ;  niger,  prothorace  elytrisque 
versicoloribus,  purpureo-  cyaneo-  viridi-  et  aureo-mican- 
tibus  ;  capite  crebre  subfortiter  punctulato,  parte  mediana 
laevi ;  oculis  quam  antennarum  articuli  basalis  longitudine 
magis  inter  se  remotis ;  sulcis  ocularibus  nullis ;  antennis 
apicem  versus  manifesto  incrassatis,  quam  corporis  dimidium 
sat  brevioribus,  articulo  3"  quam  P*  2"''que  conjuncti  parum 
longiori  quam  4"^  5"^que  conjuncti  paullo  breviori,  articulis 


BY   THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  439 

8-10  quam  prsecedentes  paullo  brevioribus  ;  prothorace  quam 
longiori  (et  postice  quam  antice)  fere  duabus  partibus 
latiori,  minus  crebre  minus  subtiliter  punctulato,  antice 
fortiter  bisinuato,  a  basi  anti'orsum  leviter  arcaatim  angustato, 
basi  media  sat  late  sublobata,  angulis  anticis  distinctis 
subacutis  posticis  obtusis ;  elytris  sat  subtiliter  seriatim, 
punctulatis,  interstitiis  planis  distincte  minus  crebre  punctu- 
latis  ;  prosterno  planato  ;  metasterno  in  medio  subtilissime, 
ad  latera  et  in  episternis  minus  subtiliter  sparsim  punctulato  ; 
abdomine  subfortiter  punctulato  et  rugato ;  femoribus 
anticis  antice  sparsim  minus  subtiliter  punctulatis  ;  tarsis 
subtus  fulvo-setosis,  posticorum  articulo  basali  quam  ceteri 
conjuncti  parum  breviori.  [Long.  5,  lat,  '2t  lines. 

Bears  a  general  superficial  resemblance  to  C.  variabilis,  Blessig, 
but  differs  from  it  and  from  others  allied  to  it  by  the  very 
different  shape  of  the  prothorax,  which  in  this  species  is  distinctly 
less  wide,  at  the  base,  than  once  and  two-thirds  the  width  of  the 
front,  and  has  its  front  margin  very  strongly  bisinuate,  with  the 
front  angles  distinctly  pi'ominent  and  subacute,  almost  as  in 
C.  micans.  It  is  distinguished  from  most  of  its  congeners  by  the 
lateral  carin^e  of  its  prothorax  being  (not  arched  downwards  but) 
almost  straight  as  viewed  from  the  side.  Compared  with  C. 
ciqjripennis  the  interval  between  the  eyes  is  about  one-third 
narrower,  the  head  and  prothorax  are  decidedly  more  strongly 
punctulate,  the  punctures  both  of  the  series  and  the  interstices 
are  stronger,  the  episterna  are  distinctly  punctulate,  the  pro- 
thorax of  quite  different  form,  &c.,  &c.  The  outline  curve  of  the 
elytra  is  moderately  strong  with  its  summit  about  the  middle  of 
the  length. 

N.  Queensland ;  sent  by  Mr,  French. 

C.  INTERMEDIUS,  Sp.nOV. 

Elongato-ovalis ;  sat  nitidus ;  niger,  elytris  cupreis  (certo 
adspectu  viridi-micantibus) ;  capite  sat  crebre  sat  fortiter 
punctulato,  in  medio  anguste  Itevi ;  oculis  quam  antennarum 
articuli    basalis    lon^itudine    vix    minus    inter   se    remotis  ; 


440  REVISION    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    AMARYGMIDES, 

sulcis  ocularibus  nullis  ;  antennis  apicem  versus  leviter 
incrassatis,  quam  corporis  dimidiuni  pauUo  brevioribus, 
articulo  3°  quam  1"*  2"^que  conjuncti  paullo  longiori,  quam 
^us  5usque  conjuncti  sat  breviori,  articulis  8-10  quam 
prtecedentes  vix  brevioribus ;  prothorace  quam  longiori 
quatuor  partibus  (postice  quam  antice  fere  tribus  partibus) 
latiori,  crebre  minus  subtiliter  punctulato,  antice  fortiter 
sinuatim  emarginato,  a  basi  antrorsum  leviter  arcuatim 
angustato,  basi  media  sat  late  sublobata  angulis  anticis 
distinctis  subacutis  posticis  fere  rectis ;  elytris  subtiliter 
seriatim  punctulatis  (puncturis  in  seriebus  minus  crebre 
positis),  interstitiis  planis  crebrius  distincte  punctulatis ; 
prosterno  medio  carinato;  metasterno  (episternis  inclusis) 
subtiliter  'punctulato;  abdomine  subtilius  punctulato  et 
distincte  rugato  ;  femoribus  anticis  antice  sparsim  subtiliter 
punctulatis  ;  tarsis  subtus  nigro-setosis,  posticorum  articulo 
basali  quam  ceteri  vix  breviori.  [Long.  5,  lat.  2?  lines. 

Belongs  to  a  small  group  of  species  remarkable  for  their  pro- 
thorax  being  wider  in  front  than  is  usual  in  the  genus,  with  the 
front  angles  prominent  and  well  developed.  Among  the  species 
of  that  group  the  present  insect  is  distinguished  by  the  following 
characters  in  combination  :— prothorax  having  its  lateral  carin?e 
(viewed  from  the  side)  nearly  straight,  interval  between  the  eyes 
little  more  than  half  as  wide  as  in  C.  cupripennis,  elytra  not 
striate,  their  interstices  quite  flat  and  very  distinctly  punctured, 
the  punctures  in  the  elytral  series  not  very  closely  placed 
(distinctly  less  closely  than  in  C.  cujrripennis).  The  outline 
curve  of  the  elytra  is  as  in  C.  vividus  ;  the  seriate  punctures  of 
the  elytra  are  much  finer  than  in  that  species. 
Victoria  ;  sent  by  Mr.  French. 

C.    CONFLUENS,  Sp.nOV. 

Ovalis ;  nitidus  ;  niger ;  supra  versicolor  viridi-  aureo-  pur- 
pureo-  et  cyaneo-micans ;  capite  crebre  fortiter  punctulato ; 
oculis  quam  antennarum  articuli  basalis  longitudine  magis 
inter  se  remotis ;  sulcis  oculai-ibus  nullis;  antennis  ajiicem 


BY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  441 

versus  sat  incrassatis,  quam  corporis  dimidiuni  multo 
brevioribus,  articulo  3°  quam  1"*  2"^que  conjuncti  parum 
longiori  quam  4"^  5"^que  conjuncti  pauUo  breviori,  articulis 
8-10  quam  prsecedentes  parum  brevioribus;  prothorace  quam 
longiori  duplo  (postice  quam  antice  fere  duplo)  latiori, 
fortiter  (in  medio  sparsius,  latera  versus  fere  confiuenter) 
punctulato,  apice  sat  foi'titer  siuuatim  emarginato,  postice 
leviter  antice  fortiter  arcuatim  angustato,  basi  media  sat 
late  sublobata,  angulis  anticis  obtuse  subproductis  posticis 
fere  rectis ;  elytris  sat  subtiliter  seriatim  punctulatis,  inter- 
stitiis  planis  quam  series  nullo  modo  minus  fortiter 
punctulatis  ;  prosterno  medio  carinato  ad  latera  ruguloso  ; 
corpore  subtus  sat  fortiter  vix  crebre  pvmctulato,  abdomine 
rugato ;  femoribus  anticis  antice  subtilius  sat  crebre 
punctulatis ;  tarsis  subtus  nigro-setosis,  posticorum  articulo 
basali  quam  ceteri  conjuncti  parum  breviori. 

[Long.  5-6i,  lat.  3-3^  lines. 
The  coarse  puncturation  of  the  prothorax  rugulosely  crowded 
on  the  sides  distinguishes  this  species  from  all  its  congeners 
known  to  me  except  fastuosus,  Germ.  The  seriate  punctures  of 
the  elytra  are  somewhat  finer  than  in  cnprijjenriis,  and  are  quite 
indistinguishable  from  the  punctures  of  the  interstices  except  by 
their  seriate  arrangement.  The  interval  between  the  eyes  is 
about  a  quarter  narrower  than  in  cwpripennis.  The  outline 
curve  of  the  elytra,  viewed  from  the  side,  is  strong,  with  its 
summit  slightly  in  front  of  the  middle. 
W.  Australia. 

C.  MICANS,  Sp.no v. 

9  C?).  Ovalis  ;  sat  nitidus  ;  niger,  prothorace  elytrisque 
versicoloribus  purpureo-  cyaneo-  viridi-  et  aureo-micantibus ; 
capite  crebre  sat  fortiter  punctulato,  antice  in  medio  anguste 
Isevi ;  oculis  quam  antennarum  articuli  basalis  longitudine 
magis  inter  se  reraotis  ;  sulcis  ocularibus  nuUis ;  antennis 
apicem  versus  manifeste  incrassatis,  quam  corporis  dimidium 
sat  brevioribus,  articulo  3°  quam  P^  2"^que  conjuncti    sat 


442  REVISION    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    AMARYGMIDES, 

longiori  quam  4"^  5'^^que  conjuncti  parum  breviori,  articulis 

8-10  quam  prfecedentes    sat  brevioribiis ;    prothorace  quam 

longiori  (et  postice  quam  antice)  fere  tribus  partibus  latiori, 

crebi-e  sat  sequaliter  minus   subtiliter  punctulato,  antice  sat 

fortiter    sinuatim  emarginato,  lateribus  (superne  visis)  fere 

recte   a  basi  ad  apicem  convergentibus,  basi  retrorsum   sat 

fortiter   sinuatim    producta,    angulis    anticis   productis    sat 

acutis    posticis   acutis  (apice   summo   truncato)  ;    elytris   sat 

subtiliter   seriatim  punctulatis,  interstitiis  planis  sat  crebre 

(quam    series   vix    minus    fortiter)    punctulatis ;    prosterno 

medio    sulcato  ;    metasterni  parte  media  sparsim  subtiliter, 

lateribus  episternisque  magis  fortiter,  punctulatis  ;  abdomine 

crebre  minus  subtiliter  punctulato  obscure  rugato  ;  femoribus 

anticis   antice  sparsius  minus  subtiliter  punctulatis  ;   tarsis 

subtus  nigro  setosis,  posticorum  articulo  basali  quam  apical es 

2  conjuncti  paullo  longiori.  [Long.  6,  lat.  3  lines. 

Resembles  C.  pahnerstoni  and  C.  eyrensis  in  the  straightness 

of   the   sides    of  its    prothorax,   but    differs   from    both    in    the 

deep  emargination  and  sharp  angles  of  the  front  of  the  prothorax. 

The   seriate  punctures    are    so    little    lai'ger    than  those    of    the 

interstices  that  the  series  are  quite  indistinct.      If  this  species  be 

compared    with   C.  cupripennis,  Hope,   the   following  differences 

among  others  are  noticeable :  the  space  between  the  eyes  is  very 

evidently  narrower,  the  punctures  of  the  head,  of  the  pi'Othorax, 

and  of  the  elytra!  interstices  are  very  distinctly  stronger,  the  seriate 

punctures  of  the  elytra  are  a  little  less  strong,  the  prothorax  is 

quite   differently   shaped,    and  the  outline   curve  of    the   elytra 

(viewed  from  the  side)  is  at  its  summit  not  in  front  of  the  middle. 

The  lateral   carina   of   the  prothorax  is    really  straight   in    this 

species,  but  is  not  in  the  preceding  two  or  in  eyrensis. 

W.  Australia ;  Yilgarn  ;  sent  by  C.  French,  Esq. 

C.    EYRENSIS,  Sp.nOV. 

Elongato-ovalis ;  sat  nitidus ;  nigei',  prothorace  elytrisque  ut 
C.  micantis  tinctis  ;  capite  crebre  sat  fortiter  sat  sequaliter 
punctulato  ;  oculis  quam   antennarum  articuli  basalis  longi 


BY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  443 

tudine  niulto  magis  inter  se  remotis  ;  sulcis  ocularibus  nullis  ; 

aiitennis    apicem    versus    vix    incrassatis,     quam     corporis 

dimidium   vix   {^)   vel  multo    (9)  brevioribus,   articulo  S'' 

quam  1"^  2"^que  conjuncti  inulto  longiori  quam  4"^  5"^que 

conjuncti  manifests  breviori,  articulis  8-10  quam  praecedentes 

manifeste  brevioribus ;  prothorace  quam  longiori  (et  postice 

quam     antice)    fere    duplo    latiori,     sparsius    sat    subtiliter 

punctulato,  antice  sinuatim  subtruncato,  lateribus  (superne 

visis)     fere    recte   a    basi    ad   apicem    convergentibus,    basi 

retrorsum    sat    fortiter   sinuatim    producta,    angulis   anticis 

obtusis  posticis  acutis   (apice  summo  truncato) ;  elytris  sat 

subtiliter    seriatim    punctulatis,     interstitiis    minus    planis 

(prsesertim    maris)    sat    crebre    (quam    series    sat   subtilius) 

punctulatis ;     prosterno    medio     carinato ;     metasterno    ut 

C.    micantis ;     abdomine    sparsim    obscure    punctulato     et 

rugato ;    femoribus   anticis    antice    ut    C.    micantis ;    tarsis 

subtus  nigro-setosis,  posticorum  articulo   basali   quam  ceteri 

conjuncti  parum  breviori.  [Long.  6-6|,  lat.  2|^-3  lines. 

Resembles  the  preceding  in  the  peculiar  shape  of  its  prothorax, 

but  is  very  differently  punctured.     Compared  with  C  cupripennis, 

the  space  between   the  eyes  is   scarcely    narrower,  and    has   no 

defined  Isevigate  portion  ;  the  shape  of  the  prothorax  is  entirely 

difierent,    the   puncturation   of  the    elytra   is    very   similar,   the 

interstices  of  the  elytra  are  more  or  less  convex  in  some  examples 

(?  males),  and  the  outline  curve  of  the  elytra   (viewed   from  the 

side)  is  at  its  summit  much  further  from  the  base. 

S.  Australia ;  basin  of  Lake  Eyre. 

C.    PALMERSTONI,  Sp.nOV. 

^  C?).  Sat  anguste  ovalis ;  sat  nitidus  ;  niger,  elytris  cseruleis 
certo  adspectu  purpureo-  vel  viridi-micantibus  ;  capite  vix 
perspicue  (clypeo  pauUo  magis  distincte)  punctulato ;  oculis 
quam  antennarum  articuli  basalis  longitudine  vix  minus 
inter  se  remotis  ;  sulcis  ocularibus  nullis  ;  antennis  corporis 
dimidio  longitudine  sat  sequalibus,  articulo  3°  quam  P^  2"**  que 
conjuncti  sat  longiori  quam  4"  5"^que  conjuncti  parum 
30 


444  REVISION    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    AMARYGMIDES, 

breviori,  articulis  8-10  nuUo  modo  incrassatis  quam  prse- 
cedentes  haud  brevioribus ;  prothorace  quam  longiori  (et 
postice  quam  antice)  fere  tribus  partibus  latiori,  subobsolete 
sat  crebre  vix  subtiliter  punctulato  (exempli  typici  utrinque 
ante  basin  sulco  oblique  impresso),  antice  leviter  sinuatim 
emarginato,  lateribus  (superne  viso)  fere  rectis  a  basi 
antrorsum  convergentibus,  angulis  anticis  obtusis  posticis 
(superne  visis)  acutis ;  elytris  minus  subtiliter  seriatim 
punctulatis,  interstitiis  planis  obsoletissime  vix  perspicue 
punctulatis ;  prosterno  medio  concavo  ;  corpore  subtus  fere 
Isevi,  abdomine  leviter  rugato ;  tarsis  subtus  nigro-setosis, 
posticorum  articuio  basali  quam  ceteri  conjunct!  parum 
breviori.  [T^ong.  5^,  lat.  2|  lines. 

The  prothoi'ax  small  and  with  its  sides  (viewed  from  above) 
almost  straight  in  their  whole  length,  distinguishes  this  species 
from  all  but  a  very  small  number  of  its  congeners.  The  remark- 
able obliquely  placed  furrow  on  either  side  of  the  prothorax  a 
little  in  front  of  the  base  is  very  likely  to  be  merely  accidental  in 
the  typical  specimen.  The  eyes  (in  the  typical  specimen)  are  too 
much  drawn  back  into  the  prothorax  for  the  space  dividing  them 
to  be  measured,  but  I  can  see  that  it  is  Just  about  half  as  wide  as 
in  C.  cujjrijyennis,  Hope.  The  seriate  punctures  of  the  elytra  are 
not  much  diflferent  from  those  in  the  middle  part  of  the  discal 
series  in  cupripennis  ;  but  their  size  does  not  vary  noticeably  in 
the  series  towards  the  suture  or  lateral  margins,  and  this, 
together  with  the  interstices  being  scarcely  punctured,  makes  the 
seriate  punctures  appear  to  a  casual  glance  very  much  stronger 
than  in  that  species.  The  outline  curve  of  the  elytra  (viewed 
from  the  side)  is  very  strong,  its  summit  being  almost  behind  the 
middle  of  its  length. 

N.  Territory  of  S.  Australia  ;  near  Palmerston. 

C.    PERLONGUS,  Sp.nOV. 

^  [X).  Elongato-oblongus ;  nitidus  ;  niger,  elytris  versicoloribus 
seneo-viridi  et  violaceo-micantibus  ;  capite  crebre  sat  fortiter 
punctulato,  in  medio  anguste  la^vi ;  oculis  quam  antennarum 


BY   THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  445 

articuli  basalis    longitudine   pauUo  magis  inter  se   remotis ; 

sulcis  ocularibus   nullis  ;  antennis  apicem  versus  vix  incras- 

satis,  quam  corporis  dimidium  parum  brevioribus,  articulo  3° 

qiiam     1"^  2"^que    conjuncti  vix    longiori    quam  4"**   5"®que 

conjuncti  sat  breviori,  articulis  8-10  elongatis   quam  prsece- 

dentes  vix  brevioribus  ;  prothorace  quam  longiori  (et  postice 

quam  antice)  diniidio  latiori,  crebre   sat  fortiter  punctulato, 

antice  truncato,  a   basi  antrorsum   (vix  arcuatim)  angustato, 

basi    retrorsum    arcuatim    vix    sinuatim    producta,    angulis 

anticis    obtusis    posticis    subacutis ;    elytris    subtiliter    sat 

seriatim   punctulatis,  interstitiis  planis   subtiliter   subcrebre 

punctulatis ;  prosterno   medio  sulcato ;    metasterno  sparsim, 

episternis    magis    crebre,     punctulatis ;     abdomine    sparsim 

distincte  punctulato,  obscure  rugato  ;  femoribus  anticis  antice 

sparsim    sat    subtiliter   ]nmctulatis ;     tarsis    subtus    nigro- 

setosis,  posticorum  articulo  basali  quam  apicales  2  conjuncti 

paullo  longiori.  [Long.  7|,  lat.  3i  lines. 

This  is  a  very  elongate  species  resembling  C.  cylindricus  in 

outline,  but  being  less   convex  it   does  not  appear  so  cylindric. 

It  is   an   extremely  isolated  type,  the  evenly  distributed  strong 

puncturation  of  its  prothorax  and  the  well-defined  puncturation 

(scarcely  at   all  obscured    by  wrinkles)   of   the  underside  being 

characters   almost  as  unusual   as   the    peculiarly  elongate  form. 

The  interval  between  the  eyes  is  about  a  third  narrower  than  in 

G.  cwpripennis,  and  the  elytral   puncturation  (both   of   the  series 

and  the  interstices)  is  almost  as  in  that  species. 

S.  Australia  ;  McDonnell  Ranges  ;  sent  by  C.  French,  Esq. 

C.  OBSCURUS,  sp.nov. 
Ovalis,  subelongatus ;  minus  nitidus ;  niger,  elytris  obscure 
cyaneis,  vix  purpureo-tinctis ;  capite  opaco  seqiialiter  sat 
crebre  subtilius  punctulato ;  oculis  quam  antennarum 
articuli  basalis  longitudine  vix  minus  inter  se  remotis  ;  sulcis 
ocularibus  nullis  ;  antennis  (^  ?)  quam  corporis  dimidium  sat 
in-evioribus,  articulo  3"  quam  1"^  2"^que  conjuncti  vix 
lungiori  quam  4"^  5"*que  conjuncti  paullo  breviori,  artictilis 


446  REVISION   OP   THE   AUSTRALIAN   AMARYGMIDES, 

8-10  quam  praecedentes  paullo  brevioribus  nullo  mode 
incrassatis ;  prothorace  opaco,  quam  longiori  fere  tribus 
partibus  (postice  quam  antice  fere  duplo)  latiori,  hand 
punctulato,  aiitice  sat  fortiter  bisinuato,  a  basi  (superne  viso) 
antrorsum  arcuatim  angustato,  basi  media  sat  late  sublobata, 
angulis  anticis  obtusis ;  elytris  minus  fortiter  (quam 
G.  cupripennis  sat  magis  fortiter,  suturam  versus  sat 
subtiliter)  seriatim  punctulatis,  interstitiis  planis  sparsim 
subtiliter  punctulatis  ;  prosterno  medio  sat  prof  unde  sulcato  ; 
metasterno  in  medio  subtiliter  ad  latera  sat  crasse  punctulato, 
episternis  obsolete  punctulatis  ;  abdomine  sat  crebre  punctu- 
lato obscure  rugato  ;  femoribus  anticis  antice  sparsim 
subtiliter  punctulatis  :  tarsis  subtus  fulvo-setosis,  posticorum 
articulo  basali  quam  apical  is  vix  longiori. 

[Long.  6|,  lat.  3?  lines. 
A  very  distinct  species  distinguished  by  its  ojiaque  dark  blue- 
black  appearance  in  combination  with  the  perfectly  flat  evidently 
punctulate  interstices  of  its  elytra  and  the  short  basal  joint  of  its 
hind  tarsi.  It  bears  a  certain  resemblance  to  C.  coelestis,  Pasc, 
but  is  larger  and  more  obscure,  without  ocular  sulci,  &c. 
C.  coelestis,  moreover,  has  the  basal  joint  of  its  hind  tarsi  much 
longer.  The  outline  curve  of  the  elytra,  viewed  from  the  side,  is 
moderately  strong,  with  its  summit  about  the  middle.  The  space 
between  the  eyes  is  scarcely  more  than  half  as  wide  as  in 
cicprijjennis,  but  is  evidently  wider  than  in  vigilans,  major,  &c. 
I  have  an  example  from  Port  Darwin  and  another  from 
N.  Queensland,  which  probably  represent  distinct  species,  as 
they  pi-esent  appreciable  differences  in  the  seriate  puncturation  of 
the  elytra ;  but  as  they  ai-e  unique  specimens  it  is  safer  at 
present  to  treat  them  as  local  forms  of  this  insect.  The  colour  of 
the  elytra  in  both  is  a  uniform  dark  green. 
N.  W.  Australia ;  Kimberley  district. 

C.    NEGLECTUS,  Sp.nOV. 

Oblongo-ovalis  ;     sat   nitidus ;     niger,     elytris    cyaneis,    certo 
adspectu    violaceo-micantibus  ;     capite    sat    crebre    (postice 


BY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  447 

minus  crebre)   sat  fortiter  punctulato  ;  oculis  quam  anten- 

narum    articuli    basalis    longitudine    multo    minus   inter    se 

remotis ;  sulcis  ocularibus   nullis  ;    antennis  quam   corporis 

dimidium  paullo  brevioribus,  apicem  versus  baud  incrassatis, 

articulo   3°   quam  1"^   2"^que    conjuncti    sat    longiori   quam 

4US  5usqyg    conjuncti    parum    breviori,  articulis    8-10   quam 

prsecedentes  baud  brevioribus ;  prothorace  quam  longiori  (et 

postice    quam    antice)    vix    tribus    partibus    latioi'i,    baud 

punctulato,  antice  sinuatim  vix  emarginato,  a  basi  antrorsum 

arcuatim  angustato,  basi  media  sat  late  subtruncata,  angulis 

anticis   obtusis    posticis    (superne    visis)   subacutis ;    elytris 

seriatim  minus  subtiliter  punctulatis,  interstitiis  planis  sat 

crebre  minus  subtiliter  punctulatis  ;  prosterno  medio  planato  ; 

metasterno  in  medio  subfortiter  sat  crebre  punctulato,  latera 

versus  oblique  rugato,  in  episternis  vix  manifesto  punctulato  ; 

abdomine  distincte  nee  fortiter  punctulato  et  leviter  rugato  ; 

femoribus    anticis    antice    sparsim    subtiliter    punctulatis ; 

tarsis   subtus  fulvo-setosis,  posticorum  articulo  basali  quam 

ceteri  conjuncti  paullo  breviori.  [Long.  8,  lat.  4-^  lines. 

Not  very  near  to  any  otber  described  species  ;  among  the  species 

devoid  of  ocular  sulci  and  having  the  tarsal  vestiture  fulvous,  it 

may  be  distinguished  by  the  following  characters  in  combination  : 

eyes  exceptionally  approximate,   prothorax   impunctulate.      The 

outline  curve  of  the  elytra  (^viewed  from  the  side)  is  moderately 

strong,  with  its  summit  somewhat  in  front  of   the  middle.     The 

seriate  punctures   of  the   elytra    are   a   trifle   stronger    than    in 

cupripennis,  Hope  '^considerably  stronger  near  the  lateral  margins), 

and  the  interstices  are  evidently  less  finely  punctulate.     Compared 

with  C.  ohscurus  the  eyes  are  more  approximate,  the  3rd  joint  of 

the    antennae    is   considerably    longer,  the    elytral    sculpture    is 

evidently  stronger,  the  prothorax  is  impunctulate,  ifec,  &c. 

An  example,  belonging  to  Mr.  French,  from  the  same  locality 
as  the  type,  specifically  identical  I  think,  is  larger  (long.  9|  lines) 
with  the  eyes  a  trifle  more  approximate,  the  colour  more  greenish 
and  the  elytral  sculptui-e  a  little  coarser.  It  is  quite  possibly  a 
distinct  species,   but    I    do    not    find   any   character   that  seems 


448  REVISION    OF   THE   AUSTRALIAN   AMARYGMIDES, 

satisfactory  for  giving  it  a  name,  at  any  rate  without  being  sure 
that  the  differences  are  constant. 

Queensland  ;  Darling  Downs  ;  sent  by  Mr.  French. 


C.  MINOR,  sp.nov. 

Ovalis ;  sat  nitidus ;  niger,  elytris  cyaneis  certo  adspectu 
viridi-  vel  purpureo-micantibus  ;  capite  subtiliter  inaequaliter 
punctulato ;  oculis  quam  antennarum  articuli  basalis  longi- 
tudine  paullo  minus  inter  se  remotis ;  sulcis  ocularibus 
nullis ;  antennis  quam  corporis  dimidium  vix  longioribus, 
articulo  3°  quam  1"^  2"^que  conjuncti  paullo  longiori  quam 
4.US  5usq^g  conjuncti  parum  breviori,  articulis  8-10  quam 
prsecedentes  vix  brevioribus  havid  incrassatis ;  prothorace 
quam  longiori  duabus  (postice  quam  antice  tribus)  partibus 
latiori,  sparsim  obsolete  (vix  manifeste)  punctulato,  antice 
subtruncato  vix  emarginato,  a  basi  (superne  viso)  antrorsum 
arcuatim  angustato,  basi  media  sat  late  sublobata,  angulis 
anticis  obtusis ;  elytris  subtiliter  vix  crebre  seriatim 
punctulatis,  interstitiis  sub  leiate  vix  manifeste  punctulatis ; 
prosterno  medio  plus  minusve  manifeste  sulcato  ;  metasterno 
medio  subtiliter,  lateribus  episternisque  vix  perspicue, 
punctulatis  ;  abdomine  sparsim  obsolete  punctulato,  obsolete 
ruga  to  ;  femoribus  anticis  antice  subtiliter  ininus  crebre 
punctulatis ;  tarsis  subtus  fulvo-setosis,  posticorum  articulo 
basali  quam  apical es  2  conjuncti  sublongiori. 

[Long.  5-G,  lat.  3-3|  lines. 

The  interval  between  the  eyes  is  about  half  as  wide  as  in 
C.  cupr'qjenriis,  Hope,  The  seriate  punctures  of  the  elytra  are 
very  similar  to  those  of  cupripennis,  but  the  interstices  being 
l£evigate,  or  very  nearly  so,  the  seriate  punctures  are  very  much 
more  conspicuous.  The  absolute  flatness  of  the  interstices  on  the 
elytra  distinguishes  this  species  fi'om  those  which  are  its  nearest 
allies  structurally. 

W.  Australia. 


BY   THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  449 

0.  MAJOR,  sp.nov. 
^  (?).    Elongato-ovalis ;    sat  robustus  ;    minus   nitidus  ;    niger, 
capite   prothoraceqne    plus    minusve    cyaneo   tinctis,  elytvis 
laete  cyaneis  cei'to  adspectu  purpureo-  et  viridi-micantibus  ; 
capite   subtilissime  sat  sequaliter  punctulato  ;   oculis    quam 
antenuarum  articuli  2'  longitudine  baud  multo   niagis  inter 
se  remotis  ;  sulcis  ocularibus  nullis;  antennis  apicem  versus 
baud   incrassatis   quam  corporis  dimidium    vix    brevioribus, 
articulo    3°   quam    1"*  G^^que    conjuncti   sat  longiori   quam 
^us  5usq^^  conjuncti  paullo  breviori,  articulis  8-11  quam  prse- 
cedentes  sat  brevioribus  ;  prothorace  sat  opaco,  quam  longiori 
fere  duabus  partibus  (postice  quam  antice  fere  dnplo)  latiori, 
subtiliter  minus  perspicue  punctulato,    antice    bisinuato,   a 
basi    (superne    viso)    antrorsum   sat   rotundatim    angustato, 
basi  bisinuata,  angulis  anticis  obtusis ;  elytris  eequaliter  sat 
subtiliter    (quam     G.    cupripetmis    pavillo   minus    subtiliter) 
seriatim   punctulatis,  interstitiis   leviter    convexis  baud  vel 
vix  mauifeste  punctulatis  ;  prosterno  medio  antice  carinato  ; 
metasterno  medio  perspicue,  ad  latera  et  in  episternis  vix 
manifeste,     punctulato ;     abdomine    indistincte    punctulato, 
perspicue  rugato ;    femoribus   anticis  antice  minus  sparsim 
minus    subtiliter    punctulatis ;    tarsis    subtus    fulvo-setosis, 
posticorum  articulo  basali  quam  ceteri  conjuncti  manifeste 
bieviori  quam  apicalis  sat  longiori.        [Long.  9-^,  lat.  5  lines. 
The  only  very  large  Ghalcopterus  known  to  me  having  in  com- 
bination, eyes  not    bordered    by   a    sulcus,   prothoi-ax  evidently 
narrower  at  the  middle  than  at  the  base,  and  tarsi  with  fulvous 
cilia.     The  evident  convexity  of  the  interstices  makes  the  elytra 
appear  substriate,  somewhat  as  C.  longipenm's,  Hope. 
N.  Queensland ;  sent  by  C.  French,  Esq. 

C.  MERCURius,  sp.nov. 

Elongato-ovalis ;  sat  nitidus  ;  niger,  elytris  Ifete  cyaneis,  certo 

adspectu     purpureo-    aureo-    et     viridi-micantibus ;     capite 

leviter    (inter    oculos    obsolete)    punctulato ;    oculis    quam 

antennarum    articuli     basalis    longitudine    minus    inter    se 


450  REVISION    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    AMARYGMIDES, 

remotis ;  sulcis  ocularibus  nullis ;  antennis  {^  1)  quam 
corporis  dhnidium  longiorihus,  articulo  3°  quani  1"'  2"^que 
conjunct!  multo  longiori  quam  4"'  6"^que  conjunct!  paullo 
bieviori,  articulis  8-10  quam  prsecedentes  sat  brevioribus 
baud  incrassatis ;  prothorace  opaco  quam  longiori  fere  tribus 
partibus  (postice  quam  antics  duplo)  latiori,  vix  manifeste 
punctulato,  anfcice  subtruncato  (vix  emarginato),  a  basi 
(superne  viso)  antrorsum  arcuatim  angustato,  basi  media  sat 
late  sublobata,  augulis  anticis  obtusis ;  elytris  sat  sequaliter 
striatis,  striis  sat  fortiter  sat  gequaliter  punctulatis,  interstitiis 
convexis  vix  manifeste  punctulatis  ;  prosterno  medio  sulcato  ; 
metasterno  medio  subtiliter,  episternis  vix  perspicue,  punctu- 
latis ;  abdomine  vix  manifeste  punctulato  longitudinaliter 
sat  foititer  rugato  ;  femoribus  anticis  antice  sparsim  sub- 
tiliter punctulatis  ;  tarsis  subtus  fulvosetosis,  posticorum 
articulo  basali  quam  apicales  2  conjuncti  parum  breviori. 

[Long.  7,  lat.  3^  lines. 
Among  the  species  devoid  of  ocular  sulci  with  the  prothorax 
much  narrowed  in  front,  and  at  its  widest  at  the  base  (but  not 
trapezoidal)  and  with  the  tarsi  fulvous  beneath,  this  insect  is 
recognised  by  the  following  characters  in  combination :  size 
moderate,  front  of  prothorax  scarcely  emarginate,  elytra  striate, 
head  almost  devoid  of  puncturation.  The  interval  between  the 
eyes  is  about  half  as  wide  as  in  cuprvpennis.  The  outline  curve 
of  the  elytra  (viewed  from  the  side)  is  not  at  all  strong,  and  its 
summit  is  about  at  the  middle. 

N.  Queensland  ;  sent  by  C.  French,  Esq. 

C.  MIMUS,  sp.nov. 

Oblongo-ovalis  ;  sat  nitidus  ;  niger,  prothorace  obscure  cyanes- 
centi,  elytris  Isete  cyaneis  (certo  adspectu)  purpurascentibus  ; 
oculis  quam  antennarum  articuli  basalis  longitudine  vix 
magis  remotis  ;  prothorace  crebrius  punctulato,  lateribus 
(superne  visis)  a  basi  antrorsum  arcuatim  sat  sequaliter 
convergentibus,  angulis  posticis  (superne  visis)  sat  obtusis; 
elytris  minus  cylindricis,  serieriini  piincturis  paullo  minoribus 


BY    THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  451 

et  minus  sequalibus  (suturam  lateraque  versus  niagis  sub- 
tilioribus',  interstitiis  paullo  minus  planis  sat  crebre  punctu- 
latis  ;  cetera  ut  C.  cylindrici.  [Long.  6,  lat.  3  lines. 

Near  C.  cylindricus  in  many  respects,  but  very  differently 
coloured,  with  the  eyes  less  remote,  the  prothorax  and  elytral 
interstices  much  more  closely  [though  not  much  less  faintly 
(prothorax)  or  finely  (interstices)]  punctured,  the  punctures  in 
the  discal  series  scarcely  so  large  (at  least  seven  in  the  length  of 
a  line),  and  distinctly  smaller  in  the  series  near  the  suture  and 
lateral  margins.  The  shape  also  is  distinctly  less  cylindric ;  this 
is  especially  notable  if  the  insects  be  looked  at  from  the  side,  when 
the  upper  outline  of  cylindricus  appears  as  a  nearly  straight  line 
from  the  base  of  the  elytra  to  considerably  beyond  the  middle,  the 
corresponding  outline  in  mimus  being  a  curve ;  in  niimus,  more- 
over, the  prothorax  viewed  from  above  is  at  its  widest  more 
exactly  at  the  base,  while  in  cylindricus  it  seems  almost  to  dilate 
(or  at  any  rate  not  to  narrow)  immediately  in  front  of  the  base. 
C.  mimus  also  resembles  C.  tyrrhenus,  Pasc,  but  that  species  is 
more  cylindric  (almost  as  much  so  as  cylindricus),  with  the 
prothorax  wider  in  front,  the  elytra  striate,  the  eyes  a  little  more 
remote,  &c. 

W.  Australia  ;  Yilgarn  ;  sent  by  Mr.  French. 

C.  siMiLis,  sp.nov. 

C.  longipenni,  Hope,  valde  affinis,  sed  corpore  subtus  baud  vel 
vix  iridescenti,  tarsis  brevioribus  fulvo-ciliatis,  posticorum 
articulo  basali  quam  apicalis  vix  longiori. 

[Long.  8,  lat.  3|  lines. 
This  species  is  perplexingly  like  C.  longipennis,  Hope.  I  have 
before  me  two  examples  (both  from  the  neighbourhood  of  King 
George's  Sound)  which  are  probably  male  and  female,  since  they 
differ  from  each  other  by  characters  similar  to  those  which  dis- 
tinguish the  sexes  of  longipennis,  and  which  also  differ  from  each 
other  in  the  underside  of  one  being  quite  black  while  the  corre- 
sponding surface  of  the  other  is  faintly  tinged  with  coppery  colour. 
They  both  differ  from  longipennis  in  their  tarsi  being  shorter  and 


452  REVISION    OF   THE    AUSTRALIAN   AMARYGMIDES, 

clothed  with  (not  black  but)  fulvous  setfe,  and  also  in  the  basal 
joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  being  of  nearly  the  same  length  as  the 
apical  joint,  while  the  corresponding  joint  in  /o?^^^penw^s  is  a  trifle 
longer  than  the  3rd  and  4th  joints  together.  The  bisinuation  of 
the  front  of  the  prothorax  in  this  species  is  very  feeble  and  renders 
its  place  in  the  tabulation  a  little  doubtful. 
W.  Australia. 

C.  CYLINDRICUS,  Sp.nOV. 

Sat  cylindricus  ;  nitidus ;  niger,  elytris  splendide  versicoloribus 
(coloribus  aureis  purpureis  viridibusque,  his  plus  minusve 
longitudinaliter  dispositis,  ornatis)  ;  capite  prothoraceque 
minus  nitidis  ;  illo  sat  tequaliter  sat  crebre  minus  subtiliter 
punctulato ;  oculis  quam  antennarum  articuli  basalis  longi- 
tudine  niagis  remotis  ;  sulcis  ocularihus  nullis  ;  antennis 
corporis  dimidio  sat  brevioribus,  sat  robustis,  articulo  3° 
quam  P^  2"*que  conjuncti  vix  longiori  quam  4'^^  5"^que 
conjuncti  sat  breviori,  articulis  8-10  quam  prsecedentes  vix 
brevioribus ;  prothorace  quam  longiori  postice  quam  antice 
paullo  magis  quam  dimidia  parte  latiori,  leviter  sat  crebre 
(latera  versus  magis  obsolete)  punctulato,  antice  subtruncato, 
lateribus  (superne  visis)  mox  ante  basin  antrorsum  fere 
divergentibus  hinc  ad  apicem  arcuatim  convergentibus,  basi 
bisinuata,  angulis  posticis  (superne  visis)  subacutis  ;  elytris 
seriatim  fortiter  sat  sequaliter  (postice  magis  subtiliter)  punc- 
tulatis,  interstitiis  sat  planis  sparsim  subtilissime  punctulatis  ; 
prosterno  acute  carinato ;  corpore  subtus  subtilissime  (abdo- 
minis lateribus  obscure  subrugulosis)  punctulatis ;  pedibus 
subtiliter  minus  sparsim  punctulatis  ;  tarsis  subtus  fulvo- 
setosis.  [Long.  7,  lat.  3  lines. 

Totally  different  from  all  the  preceding  in  shape,  but  resembling 
in  that  respect  C.  logiusculus,  from  which,  however,  it  differs 
inter  alia  by  its  non-striate  elytra.  The  puncturation  of  its 
prothorax  closely  resembles  that  of  C.  cupripeiinis,  Hope ;  the 
seriate  punctures  of  the  elytra  resemble  those  in  the  intermediate 
rows  on  the  elytra  of  C.  punctipennis,  Macl.,  in  which  species, 
however,   the  punctures  become  feebler  towards  the  suture  and 


BY   THE   REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  453 

coarser  towards  the  lateral  margins,  whereas  in  the  present 
insect  they  are  uniform  or  nearly  so.  There  are  about  six 
punctures  in  the  length  of  a  line  in  the  discal  series,  and  the 
intervals  between  puncture  and  puncture  are  about  equal  to 
(slightly  more  or  less  than)  the  diameter  of  the  individual 
punctures.  The  eyes  are  fully  as  wide  apart  as  in  C.  cupripennis. 
This  is  an  exceptionally  beautiful  species. 

N.  Queensland  ;  sent  to  me  by  Mr.  French  ;  also  N.  S.  Wales, 
near  Wilcannia. 

C.  BOViLLi,  sp.nov. 

(J  (?).  Elongatus  ;  subcylindricus  ;  sat  nitidus  ;  niger ;  capite 
sat  crebre  sat  jequaliter  minus  subtiliter  punctulato  ;  oculis 
quam  antennarum  articuli  basalis  longitudine  vix  magis 
inter  se  remotis  ;  sulcis  ocularibus  nullis  ;  antennis  apicem 
versus  leviter  incrassatis,  quam  corporis  dimidium  longi- 
oribus,  articulo  3°  quam  T'^  2"^que  conjuncti  sat  longiori 
quam  4"^  5"^que  conjuncti  vix  breviori,  articulis  8-10  quam 
prtecedentes  baud  brevioribus  )  prothorace  quam  longiori  vix 
dimidio  (postice  quam  antice  fere  duabus  partibus)  latiori, 
distincte  crebre  leviter  punctulato,  antice  subsinuatim 
truncato,  a  basi  antrorsum  sat  arcuatim  angustato,  basi 
retrorsum  arcuatim  vix  sinuatim  producfca,  angulis  omnibus 
distinctis  obtusis ;  elytris  sat  subtiliter  seriatim  punctulatis, 
interstitiis  fere  planis  sparsim  subtilissime  punctulatis ; 
prosterno  medio  leviter  carinato  ;  corpore  subtus  fere  la^vi, 
abdomine  obscure  rugato ;  femoribus  anticis  antice  sparsim 
minus  subtiliter  punctulatis ;  tarsis  subtus  fulvo-setosis, 
posticorum  articulo  basali  quam  apicales  2  sublongiori. 

[Long.  5|,  lat.  2^  lines. 
Like  the  preceding,  the  width  of  the  front  of  the  prothorax  as 
compared  with  the  base  in  this  species  seems  to  make  it  some- 
what intermediate  between  the  two  groups  that  I  have  distin- 
guished in  the  tabulation  by  the  prothorax  being  more  or  less 
narrowed  forward.  If  placed  among  those  with  the  prothorax 
more  nai-rowed  it  would   fall   beside  C.  minor,  from  which  iiiter 


454  REVISION    OF   THE    AUSTRALIAN   AMARYGMIDES, 

alia  its  mucli  narrower  and  more  slender  form  will  easily 
distinguish  it. 

Compared  with  C.  cupripennis  the  interval  between  the  eyes  is 
nearly  a  half  narrower,  prothorax  of  totally  different  form,  seriate 
punctures  of  elytra  a  little  less  closely  placed,  interstices  all  but 
impunctulate,  general  form  quite  different,  &c.,  &c. 

N.  Territory  of  S.  Australia. 

C.  COLOSSUS,  sp.nov. 

9  C?).  Oblongus;  parallelus;  sat  nitidus;  niger,  elytris  viridibus 

purpureo-  (prsesertim  in  sutura)  et  aureo-  micantibus  ;  capite 

crebre    subtilius   subrugulose   punctulato  ;    oculis  quam  an- 

tennarum    articuli  basalis  longitudine    vix    magis    inter   se 

remotis  ;  sulcis  ocularibus   nullis  ;    antennis  quam    corporis 

dimidium    sat    brevioribus,    articulo    3°    quam     1"^   2"^que 

conjuncti  sat  longiori  quam  4"*  5"^que  conjuncti  sat  breviori 

articulis    8-10    quam    prsecedentes    multo    brevioribus    vix 

incrassatis ;     prothorace    quam     longiori    quatuor    partibus 

(postice    quam    antice   duplo)   latiori,    subtiliter    sat    crebre 

sequaliter  punctulato,   antice    modice    emarginato,    lateribus 

postice  fere  parallelis,  basi  trisinuata,  angulis  anticis  obtusis 

posticis  (superne  visis)  sat  rectis ;  elytris  subtiliter  seriatim 

punctulatis,    interstitiis    subconvexis    sat    crebre    distincte 

punctulatis  ;  prosterno  medio  carinato  ;  metasterno  in  medio 

subfortiter  punctulato,  latera  versus  fortiter  oblique  rugato, 

in    episternis    subtilius    punctulato  ;    abdomine    sat   crebre 

subfortiter  punctulato  et  fortiter  rugato ;  femoribus  anticis 

antice  subtilius  sat  distincte  punctulatis  ;  tarsis  subtus  fulvo- 

setosis,  posticorum  articulo  basali  quam  apicales  2  conjuncti 

paullo  breviori.  [Long.  10^,  lat.  5  lines. 

This  remarkably  fine  large  species  is  closely  allied  to  C.  longulus, 

from  which  it  differs  (apart  from  colour)  in  its  considerably  more 

closely  punctured   head,   in   the   much   greater  transversity  and 

different    puucturation    of    its   prothorax,    and    in   the   distinct 

though  gentle  convexity  of  its  elytral  interstices,  which  is  even 

more  pronounced  near  the  apex  than  in  front. 


BY   THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  455 

S.    Australia ;    Basin   of   Lake  Eyre ;    also   N.S.  Wales,    near 
Wilcannia. 

C.  IMPERIALIS,  sp.nov, 

G.    colosso   affinis ;    differt    capite    inter    oculos    paullo    minus 

crebre  punctulato  et  (exempli  typici)  inter  oculos  utrinque 

longitudinaliter    carinato,    antennis    apicem    versus    magis 

incrassatis    (articulis    8-10    quam    prsecedentes    haud    multo 

brevioribus),  elytrorum  puncturis  seriatis  multo  majoribus  et 

interstitiis  nullo  modo    convexis  fortiter  punctulatis,  meta- 

sterno   minus    fortiter    magis    sparsim    sculpturato,    et    (ab 

exemplis  visis)  coloribus  multo  magis  splendidis, — sc.  viridi 

aureo  purpureo  cyaneoque-longitudinaliter   vittatim    positis 

(fere  ut  G.  superhi,  Blackb.).  [Long.  10,  lat.  5i  lines. 

This  species  is  near  G.  colossus,  Blackb.     The  style  of  colouring 

is  so  entirely  different  that  it   may  probably  be   relied  on   as  a 

character.     The  difference  in  the  antennae  may  be  unreliable,  as 

T  am  not  sure  of  the  sex  of  either  species.      The  carina  on  either 

side  of  the  interval  between  the  eyes  is  probably  constant.     The 

autero-internal  corner  of  the  eyes  is  much  rounded  off,  so  that  the 

interval    between    the   eyes    looks    much    less    parallel    than    in 

C.  colossus  (the  head  is  almost  exactly  like  that  of  C.  carinaiiceps 

except  in  not  having  distinct  ocular  sulci).     The  punctures  in  the 

elytral  series  are   considerably    stronger    than   in    G.   variabilis, 

Blessig  (they  are  scarcely   less   strong  than  in  C.  2}unctij)ennis, 

Macl.),  whereas   in  G.  colossus  the  corresponding  punctures  are 

very  little  less  fine  and  close  than   in   cuprijoennis,  Hope.     The 

interstices  on  the  elytra   are  more   strongly  punctured  than  in 

almost    any    other    Ghalcoptenhs,    very    little    less    so    than    in 

G.  rugosijyennis,  Macl.,  while  in  G.  colossus  the  punctures  of  the 

interstices  are  exceptionally  fine. 

Queensland ;  Darling  Downs ;  sent  by  Mr.  French. 

C.  LONGULUS,  sp.nov. 

Elongatus ;  sat  parallelus ;  sat  nitidus  ;  niger,  elytris  versi- 
coloribns  purpureis  latera  versus  viridi-  et  cyaneo-micantibus ; 
capite  subtiliter  sat  crebre  punctulato,  vertice  medio  Isevigato; 


456  REVISION    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    AMARYGMIDES, 

oculis    quam    antennarum   articuli    basalis    longitudine    fere 
magis  inter  se  remotis ;   sulcis  ocularibus   nullis  ;    antennis 
(2  1}   quam  corporis  diiiiidium   sat   brevioribus,   articulo   3° 
quam  1"^  2"^que  coajuncti  sat  longiori  quam  4"^  5"^que  con- 
juncti  multo  breviori,  articulis  8-10  quam  prsecedentes  multo 
brevioribus  vix  incrassatis;  prothorace  subopaco  quam  longiori 
(et  postice  quam  antice)  duabus  partibus  latiori,  subtiliter 
insequaliter  punctulato,  antice  sat  fortiter  emarginato,  lateri- 
bus  postice   fere   parallelo,    basi    trisinuata,   angulis   anticis 
obtusis  posticis  (superne  visis)   sat  rectis  ;    elytris  subtiliter 
seriatim  punctulatis,  interstitiis  sat  crebre  distincte  punctu- 
latis ;  prosterno  medio  carinato ;    metasterno  in  medio  sub- 
tilius    latera    versus    sat    rugulose,    in    episternis    distincte, 
punctulato ;    abdomine    crebrius   sat  fortiter    punctulato   et 
rugato ;   fenioiibus  anticis  antice  sparsim  subtiliter  punctu- 
latis ;   tarsis  subtus  fulvo-setosis,  posticorum  articulo  basali 
quam  apicales  2  conjuncti  vix  breviori.    [Long.  8,  lat  4  lines- 
A  large  robust  species  bearing  much  general   resemblance  to 
C.  similis,  Blackb,,  but  differing  from  it  by  its  larger  size  and  by 
the  sides  of  the  prothorax  (viewed  from  above)  being  parallel  or 
nearly  so  in  their  hinder  half  and  then  roundly  narrowed  to  the 
front.       If   the  prothorax   be  viewed  from  the  side,   the  lateral 
caiina  appears  in  G.  similis  as  a  curve  evenly  arched  downward 
from  base  to  apex,  while  the  same  in  C.  longulus  is  seen  to  be 
strongly  sinuate  in  its  front  half.     The  interval  between  the  eyes 
is  .something  more  than  half  as  wide  as  in  G.  cuprlpennis.     The 
seriate  i>unctures  on  the  elytra  and  the  punctures  of  the  interstices 
scarcely  differ  from  the  same  in  G.  cupripeimis.     The  interstices 
being  slightly  convex  near  the  front,  the  elytra  have  some  appear- 
ance of  striation,  as  in  G.  longipenyiis,  Hope,  and  similis,  Blackb. 
W.  Austi-alia. 

C.   LONGiPENNis,   Hope. 

Oblongus  ;  sat.nitidus;  niger,  et  supra  et  subtus  iridescens^ 
viridi-  cyaneo-  aureo-  et  pnrpureo- versicolor;  capite  tequaliter 
crebre  distincte  punctulato ;  oculis  quam  antennarum 
articuli  basalis  longitudine    fere    minus    inter   se    remotis ; 


BY    TdE    REV.  T,  BLACKBURN,  457 

sulcis  ocularibus  nullis ;  antennis  quam  corporis  dimidium 
paullo  (i^)  vel  multo  (9)  brevioribus,  articulo  3°  quam 
|us  2"^que  conjunct!  manifeste  longiori  quam  4"^*  S^^^ue 
conjuncti  paullo  breviori,  avticulis  8-10  quam  prsecedentes 
vix  ((J)  vel  manifeste  (9)  brevioribus  ;  prothorace  quam 
longiori  (et  postice  quam  antice)  tribus  partibus  latiori,  sat 
crebre  distincte  (maris  quam  feminse  minus  distincte) 
punctulato,  antice  leviter  sinuatim  emarginato,  a  basi 
antrorsum  (superne  viso)  arcuatim  (antice  quam  postice 
magis  fortiter)  angustato,  basi  media  sublobata,  angulis 
anticis  obtusis ;  elytris  subtiliter  (fere  ut  G.  cupripennis, 
maris  quam  feminse  paullo  magis  subtiliter)  seriatim 
punctulatis,  interstitiis  leviter  subconvexis  sat  subtiliter 
(maris  quam  feminte  paullo  magis  subtiliter)  punctulatis  ; 
prosterno  medio  antice  carinato ;  metasteruo  sat  distincte 
punctulato  et  oblique  rugato,  episternis  minus  nitidis 
obsolete  punctulatis  ;  abdomine  distincte  punctulato  et 
longitudinaliter  rugato ;  femoribus  anticis  subtilius  sat 
sparsim  punctulatis ;  tarsis  subtus  nigro-setosis,  posticorum 
articulo  basali  ceteris  conjunctis  sat  breviori. 

[Long.  7^-8,  lat.  31-3 f  lines. 
Hope's  description  of  C.  longi2Jennis  is  too  brief  for  certain 
identification  on  its  merits,  but  as  the  author  expressly  states 
that  Adelaide  is  the  habitat  of  the  species,  mentions  7|^  lines  as 
the  length,  and  specifies  the  shape  as  oblong,  as  there  is  nothing  in 
the  description  distinctly  inconsistent  with  my  identification,  and 
as,  moreover,  this  insect  is  not  rare  near  Adelaide,  and  is  the 
only  oblong  species  of  large  size  that  I  know  of  occurring  near 
Adelaide,  I  have  little  hesitation  in  applying  the  name,  though 
I  take  the  precaution  of  carefully  describing  the  species  to  which 
I  apply  it.  The  principal  discrepancy  is  in  respect  of  colour,  as 
Hope  says  that  the  prothorax  is  "  black,"  and  the  undei-side 
"black  and  nitid."  I  have  not  seen  an  example  of  this  insect  in 
which  both  prothorax  and  underside  are  not  iridescent,  but  in 
dark  specimens  (especially  if  they  have  become  a  little  greasy) 
the  iridescence  of  the  prothorax  is  not  very  brilliant,  and  it  seems 


458  REVISION    OP    THE    AUSTRALIAN    AMARYGMIDES, 

possible  that  the  addition  of  "  and  nitid "  to  the  "  black  ''  in 
describing  the  underside  may  be  a  reference  to  the  iridescence  as  in 
describing  other  species  (e.g.  cyani2}ennis),  in  which  the  underside 
only  differs  in  colour  in  the  absence  of  iridescence  Mr.  Hope  calls 
the  underside  simply  "black."  "Elytra  punctulate-striate," 
moreover,  presents  a  slight  difficulty  ;  but  here  again  the  insect  I 
have  described  presents  some  excuse  for  the  phrase,  for  although 
when  carefully  examined  it  is  seen  that  the  elytra  are  not 
genuinely  striate,  yet  the  interstices  being  distinctly  not  quite 
flat,  and  the  punctures  in  the  series  close,  there  is  certainly  some 
superficial  appearance  of  striation  in  contrast  with  the  absolute 
want  of  it  in  cupripeimis  and  numerous  others  of  the  genus. 
Compared  with  C.  cupri^jennis  the  species  differs  inter  alia  as 
follows :  the  eyes  are  much  less  widely  separated,  the  head  is 
evenly  punctured  (without  a  Isevigate  space  between  the  eyes), 
the  prothorax  is  more  strongly  punctured  and  much  less  trans- 
verse, the  interstices  of  the  elytra  are  less  flat  and  less  strongly 
punctured  so  that  the  seriate  punctures  appear  more  distinct,  the 
general  form  is  larger  and  more  elongate,  and  the  underside  is 
iridescent.  The  last-named  character  furnishes  a  distinction  from 
nearly  all  the  other  Chalcopteri  known  to  me.  The  elytral 
outline  (viewed  from  the  side)  is  a  very  gentle  curve,  with  its 
summit  about  the  middle  of  the  length.  From  C.  fervens,  Germ., 
this  species  differs  inter'  alia  by  its  much  more  elongate  and 
parallel  form,  and  its  prothorax  (not  evenly  narrowed  in  a  regular 
curve  from  the  base  but)  narrowing  only  slightly  from  the  base  to 
the  middle,  and  then  much  more  strongly  forward. 
S.  Australia  ;  widely  distributed. 

C.    IRIDIVENTRIS,  sp.nOV. 

Ovalis  ;  subelongatus ;  sat  nitidus ;  niger,  et  supra  et  subtus 
iridescens  (exemplo  typico  subtus  magis  Isete  quam  supra), 
viridi-  cyaneo-  aureo-  et  purpureo-versicolor ;  capite  sat 
sequaliter  sat  crebre  punctulato  ;  ocilis  quam  antennarum 
articuli  basalis  longitudine  fere  minus  inter  se  remotis  ; 
sulcis  ocularibus  nullis  :  antennis  quam   corporis   dimidium 


BY    THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  459 

brevioribus,  articulo  3°  quam  P^  2"^que  conjuncti  vix 
longiori  quam  4"^  5"^que  conjuncti  sat  breviori,  articulis 
8-10  quam  prsecedentes  baud  brevioribus;  prothorace  quam 
longiori  (et  postice  quam  antice)  tribus  partibus  latiori, 
subfciliter  minus  sparsim  minus  perspicue  punctiilato,  antice 
leviter  sinuatim  emarginato,  a  basi  antrorsum  (superne  viso) 
sequaliter  avcuatim  angustato,  basi  anguste  sublobata,  angulis 
anticis  paullo  promiaulis  ;  elytiis  subtiliter  (quam  G.  cu2)ri- 
pennis  paullo  magis  subtiliter)  seriatim  punctulatis,  puncturis 
in  seriebus  crebre  positis,  interstitiis  planis  vix  mauifeste 
punctulatis  ;  prosterno  medio  leviter  concavo  ;  metasterno 
medio  siibtilissime  ad  latera  vix  perspicue  puuctulato, 
episternis  minus  subtiliter  punctulatis  ;  abdomine  distincte 
punctulato  et  loiigitudinaliter  rugato ;  femoribus  anticis 
sparsim  subtiliter  punctulatis ;  tarsis  subtus  nigro-setosis, 
posticorum  articulo  basali  ceteris  conjunctis  (unguicnlis 
exceptis)  sat  ajquali.  [Long.  5|,  lat.  2|  lines. 

Diflfers  from  nearly  all  its  congeners  in  having  the  whole  under- 
surface  (especially  the  ventral  segments)  brilliantly  iridescent. 
In  build  closely  resembling  C.  loitics  but  differing  inter  alia  in  its 
jirothorax  a  little  less  transverse  (not  more  than  once  and  three- 
quarters  as  wide  as  long),  the  seriate  punctures  of  its  elytra 
considerably  finer  and  closer  (four  or  five  in  the  middle  part  of 
the  intermediate  rows  on  a  length  equal  to  the  width  of  an 
interstice),  the  interstices  even  less  visibly  punctulate,  and  the 
upper  surface  less  nitid.  Compared  with  fervens,  Germ.,  (which 
also  has  the  undersurface  iridescent)  this  insect  is  a  much  less 
robust  and  more  elongate  species,  with  longer  legs,  hind  tarsi 
much  longer,  puncturation  finer  throughout,  &c. 
S.  Australia  ;  near  Port  Lincoln. 

C.  SETOSUS,  sp.nov. 

(J  (?).    Elongato-ovalis ;    subnitidus  ;    niger,    supra    viridis    vix 

aureo-micans  ;  capite  crebre  sat  subtiliter  punctulato  ;  oculis 

quam   antennarum   articuli  basalis   longitudine  baud  multo 

minus    inter  se  remotis ;  antennis  quam  corporis  dimidium 

31 


460  REVISION    OF   THE    AUSTRALIAN    AMARYGMIDES, 

pauUo   longioribus,     articulis    apicalibus    quam    prsecedentes 

haud    brevioribus ;     prothorace    sat     perspicue    punctulato 

antice  sat  fortiter  bisinuato,  hoc  (exempli  typici)  utrinque  ad 

basin  oblique  impresso  ;  elytris  sat  fortiter  (quam  C.  cupri- 

jyennis  multo  magis  grosse)  seriatim  punctuiatis,  interstitiis 

planis  sparsim  subtiliter  punctuiatis  et  puncturis  raajoribus 

sparsissimis    (his    setas    subtiles    fulvas    erectas    ferentibns) 

instructis,     epipleuris    setis     erectis     sat     crebre     vestitis ; 

raetasterni  episternis  perspicue  punctuiatis  ;  abdomine  crebre 

minus  subtiliter  punctulato,  minus  perspicue  rugato  ;    cetera 

ut  C.  majoris.  [hong,  8,  lat.  4 J  lines. 

The  elongate  fine  sette  sparingly  sprinkled  over  the  elytra  and 

quite  thickly  clothing  the  epipleurje,  render  this  a  most  distinct 

species.     The  interval  between  the  eyes  is  about  half  as  wide  as 

in  C.  cupripennis.     The  outline  curve  of  the  elytra  (viewed  from 

the  side)  is  moderately  arched  and  its  summit  is  slightly  in  front 

of  the  middle. 

Victoria;  sent  by  ]\Ir.  Best,  of  Melbourne. 

C.    SEMISERIATUS,  Sp.nOV. 

9  C?).  Sat  late  oblongus  ;  sat  nitidus  ;  niger,  elytris  cupreo- 
purpureis,  certo  situ  viridi-micantibus  ;  capite  antice  crebre 
subtilius  postice  magis  fortiter  minus  crebre  punctulato  ; 
oculis  quam  antennarum  articuli  basalis  longitudine  vix 
magis  inter  se  remotis  ;  sulcis  ocularibus  sat  bene  deter- 
minatis  sat  elongatis ;  antennis  quam  corporis  dimidium  sat 
brevioribus,  apicem  versus  vix  incrassatis,  articulo  3'^  quam 
jus  2"^que  conjuncti  paullo  longiori  quam  4"*  5"^que 
conjuncti  paullo  breviori,  articulis  8-10  quam  prsecedentes 
paullo  brevioribus ;  prothorace  quam  longiori  (et  postice 
quam  antice)  tribus  partibus  latiori,  subtiliter  minus  crebre 
punctulato,  antice  leviter  bisinuato-emarginato,  a  basi 
antrorsum  (leviter  arcuatim)  angustato,  basi  media  sat 
anguste  sublobata,  angulis  anticis  obtusis  posticis  (superne 
visis)  leviter  subacutis ;  elytris  interrupte  sab  subtiliter 
seriatim  punctuiatis,  interstitiis  planis  distincte  sat  crebre 


BY   THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  461 

punctulatis  ;  prosteruo  medio  sulcato ;  metasterno  ia  medio 

sparsim  minus   subtiliter   punctulato,   latera  versus  oblique 

rugate,  in  episternis  sparsim  subtiliter  punctulato  ;  abdomine 

distincte  sat  sparsim  punctulato  et  rugato ;  femoribus  anticis 

antice  sparsim   subtiliter  punctulatis ;   tarsis  subtus  obscure 

piceo-setosis,   posticorum   articulo    basali    quam    ceteri    con- 

juncti  vix  breviori.  [I^ong.  8,  lat.  ii  lines. 

Rather  a  robust-looking  species,  distinguished  among  its  allies 

by  the  irregularity  of  the  seriate  puncturation  of  its  elytra.     The 

middle  part  of  the  series  near  the  suture  is  obliterated,  and  parts 

of  other  series  are  very  obscure.     If  this  species  be  placed  beside 

C.  cupripennis   it  will    be   seen  that    the  interval    between   its 

eyes  is  not  much  more  than  half  as  wide,  that  its  prothorax  is 

less    transverse,    less    nitid,    and    more  finely   but    less    feebly 

punctulate,  that  the  seriate  punctures  of  its  elytra  are  much  less 

evenly  placed  and  a  trifle  less  fine,  that  the  interstices  are  more 

closely  punctulate,  and  that  the  general   form   is  more   jiarallel. 

The  outline  curve  of  the  elytra  (viewed  from  the  side)  is  moderately 

strong  with  its  summit  at  about  the  middle  of  its  length. 

Victoria ;  sent  by  C.  French,  Esq. 

C.  PLUTUS,  sp.nov. 

Ovalis  ;  minus  elongatus  ;  sat  nitidus  ;  niger,  supra  purpureus, 
certo  adspectu  cyaneo-viridi-micans ;  capite  antice  crebre 
(postice  minus  crebre)  subtilius  punctulato ;  oculis  quam 
antennarum  articuli  basalis  longitudine  vix  minus  inter  se 
remotis  ;  sulcis  ocularibus  profundis  sat  elongatis  ;  antennia 
quam  corporis  dimidium  parum  brevioribus,  apicem  versus 
vix  incrassatis,  articulo  3"  quam  1"**  2"^que  conjuncti  sat 
longiori  quam  3"^  4"^que  conjuncti  parum  breviori,  articulis 
8-10  quam  prsecedentes  hand  brevioribus;  prothorace  quam 
longiori  (et  postice  quam  antice)  fere  tribus  partibus  latiori, 
crebre  leviter  minus  subtiliter  punctulato,  antice  bisinuato,  a 
basi  antrorsum  arcuatim  angustato,  basi  trisinuata,  angulis 
anticis  sat  obtusis  posticis  (superne  visis)  subacutis  ;  elytris 
sat   grosse  seriatim    punctulatis,   plus    minusve    substriatis, 


462  REVISION    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    AMARYGMIDES, 

interstitiis  subtiliter  minus  crebre  punctulatis  ;  prosterno 
medio  antice  carinato  ;  metasterno  fere  impunctato  ;  abdo- 
mine  sparsim  subtilissime  punctulato  et  sparsim  subtiliter 
rugato ;  femoribus  anticis  antice  sparsim  subtiliter  punctu- 
latis ;  tarsis  subtus  nigro-piceo-setosis,  posticorum  articulo 
basali  ceteris  conjunctis  longitudine  aequali. 

[Long.  5J-6^,  lat.  3-3^  lines. 
A  general  resemblance  in  colour,  size,  and  elytral  striation 
seems  to  associate  this  species  superficially  with  C.  mercurius, 
with  which  it  might  be  supposed  identical  until  carefully  examined  ; 
it  is,  however,  very  widely  different  from  it  in  reality,  being 
distinguished  by  the  puncturation  of  its  head,  the  presence  of 
ocular  sulci,  the  much  less  convexity  and  much  stronger 
puncturation  of  its  prothorax,  the  puncturation  of  its  elytral 
interstices,  the  obscure  vestiture  of  its  tarsi,  the  much  longer 
basal  joint  of  its  hind  tarsi,  &c.,  &c.  The  typical  example  has 
the  elytra  very  decidedly  striate,  with  the  interstices  rather 
strongly  convex  ;  I  refer  to  the  same  species  another  example 
of  the  habitat  of  which  I  am  uncertain,  which  seems  to  differ 
from  the  type  only  by  the  less  marked  striation  and  less  convex 
interstices  of  its  elytra. 
Queensland. 

C.    MURRAYENSIS,  Sp.nOV. 

Elongato-ovalis ;  sat  nitidus  ;  niger,  prothorace  viridi  (cupreo- 
micanti),  elytris  versicoloribus  viridi-  aureo-  purpureo-  et 
cyaneo-micantibus ;  capite  sat  crebre  (inter  oculos  magis 
sparsim)  distincte  punctulato ;  oculis  quam  antennarum 
articuli  basalis  longitudine  vix  magis  inter  se  remotis ;  sulcis 
ocularibus  profundis  subfoveiformibus  ;  antennis  apicem 
versus  leviter  incrassatis,  quam  corporis  dimidium  multo 
brevioribus,  articulo  3"  quam  I"^  2"^que  conjuncti  parum 
longiori  quam  4"*  5"^que  conjuncti  manifeste  breviori, 
articulis  8-10  quam  prsecedentes  baud  brevioribus;  prothorace 
quam  longiori  (et  postice  quam  antice)  duplo  latiori,  sparsim 
sat  subtiliter  punctulato  (exempli  typici  in  medio  anguste 


BY    THE    REV,  T.  BLACKBURN.  463 

Isevi),  antice  inodice  sinuatim  emargiuato,  a  basi  antrorsum 
arcuatim  aiigustato,  basi  media  sat  late  siiblobata,  angulis 
anticis  obtusis  posticis  fere  rectis ;  elytris  sat  subtiliter 
seriatim  punctulatis,  ii;terstitiis  subplanis  (9  'i)  vel  sub- 
convexis  (^  1)  subtiliter  sat  ctebre  punctulatis  ;  prosterno 
medio  convexo ;  coipore  subtus  sparsissime  subtilissime 
punctulato,  abdomine  sat  ciebre  minus  subtiliter  rugato  ; 
femoribus  anticis  antice  sparsim  sat  subtiliter  punctulatis  ; 
tarsis  subtus  nigro-setosis,  posticorum  articulo  basali  quam 
ceteri  conjuncti  paullo  breviori.  [Long.  7-^,  lat.  3|  lines. 

Much  like  C.  lonyipennis,  Hope,  in  general  appearance,  but 
difters  from  it  by  its  eyes  being  less  approximate  and  being 
bordered  at  their  anterior  corner  with  deep  foveiform  sulci,  by 
the  prothorax  being  much  more  transverse  with  its  sides  much 
more  evenly  converging  from  base  to  apex,  by  its  elytral  inter- 
stices evidently  more  strongly  punctulate,  its  undersurface  of  a 
uniform  shining  black  colour,  &c.,  &c.  Compared  with  C.  ciqyri- 
pennis,  the  interval  between  the  eyes  is  about  a  quarter  narrower, 
the  prothorax  differs  chiefly  in  the  front  angles  being  much 
more  sharply  defined,  and  the  elytra  are  very  similar,  except 
in  being  more  elongate  and  less  convex,  their  outline  curve 
viewed  from  the  side  being  less  strongly  arched  and  reaching  its 
summit  at  about  the  middle  of  its  length.  The  whole  insect  has 
a  much  more  elongate  appearance  than  cupripenviis. 
8.  Australia  ;  Murray  Bridge. 

C.  PUNCTULATUS,  Sp.nOV, 

Oblongo-ovalis;  sat  nitidus ;  niger,  supra  versicolor,  elytris 
prothoraceque  (hoc  obscure)  viridi-  purpureo-  et  cyaneo- 
tinctis ;  C.  murrayensi  affinis ;  diflfert  antennis  apicem 
versus  haud  incrassatis,  articulis  4°  5°que  conjunctis  quam 
3US  Yix  longioribus  ;  prothorace  minus  nitido,  magis  crebre 
(paullo  acervatim)  punctulato ;  elytrorum  puncturis  seriatis 
paullo  majoiibus  in  seriebus  minus  crebre  dispositis,  inter- 
stitiis  nullo  modo  convexis  multo  magis  fortiter  punctulatis. 

[Long.  7 J,  lat.  3t  lines. 


464  REVISION    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    AMARYGMIDES, 

This  species  is  no  doubt  nearly  allied  to  C.  murrayensis ;  Vjut, 
apart  from  other  differences,  is  easily  distinguishable  from  it  by 
the  quite  different  sculpture  of  the  elytra. 

N.S.  Wales;  taken  near  Wellington  by  Mr.  Froggatt. 

C.    MACER,  sp.nov. 

C.  nnirrayensi  affinis ;  difFert  forma  magis  elongata  magis 
parallela ;  antennarum  articulo  3*'  qnara  4"^  5"^que  con- 
juncti  vix  breviori ;  prothorace  magis  sequaliter  punctulato 
(exempli  typici  ante  scutellum  distincte  biimpresso),  elytrorum 
interstitiis  subtilissime  sparsim  punctulatis. 

[Long.  7f,  lat.  3^  lines. 
Though  very  close  to  C.  murrayensis,  I  feel  no  doubt  this 
insect  is  a  good  species,  its  much  more  elongate  form  and  the 
extremely  minute  puncturation  of  its  elytral  interstices  being 
characters  that  certainly  seem  to  indicate  more  than  a  mere 
variety.  In  the  typical  example  the  interstices  of  the  elytra  are 
absolutely  flat,  and  the  colour  is  considerably  difierent  from  that 
of  the  type  of  murrayensis,  the  whole  upper  surface  being  of  a 
pure  bright  green  tone,  and  requiring  to  be  looked  at  from  a 
particular  (oblique)  point  of  view  to  bring  out  any  purplish  and 
golden  tints. 

S.A.  ;  Basin  of  Lake  Eyre. 

C.  OBLONGUS,  sp.nov. 

Oblongus ;  sat  parallelus  ;  sat  nitidus  ;  niger,  supra  versicolor, 
prothorace  cyaneo-purpureoque  tincto,  elytris  coloribus  laetis 
(sc.  viridi,  aureo,  purpureoque)  vittatim  ornatis ;  C.  murray- 
ensi  affinis;  differt  prothorace  minus  transverso,  magis  fortiter 
et  multo  magis  crebre  punctulato,  basi  hand  distincte  lobata, 
angulis  posticis  (superne  visis)  subacutis ;  elytrorum  punc- 
turis  seriatis  minoribus  interstitialibus  multo  majoribus  (his 
cum  illis  subconfusis),  interstitiis  nullo  modo  convexis  ; 
corpore  subtus  magis  distincte  punctulato. 

[Long.  6^,  lat.  3|  lines. 


BY    THE    REV.  T.   BLACKBURN.  465 

This  species  is  ratliei*  closely  allied  to  C  mui'rayeasis,  macer, 
and  punctulatus,  but  is  smaller  and  narrower  than  any  of  them 
and  differs  from  them  all  in  the  elytral  punctures  of  the  series 
and  of  the  interstices  being  sufficiently  nearly  equal  in  size  for 
them  to  appear  confused  together  (almost  as  in  C.  fastuosus, 
Germ.).  This  latter  character  is  extremely  unusual  in  the  genus. 
The  clearly  defined  vittse  (running  the  whole  length  of  the  elytra) 
in  which  the  different  colours  are  arranged,  is  probably  also  a 
more  or  less  constant  and  fairly  reliable  character.  This  is  one 
of  the  most  beautiful  species  of  the  genus. 

W.  Australia ;  G-narlbine ;  sent  by  Mr.  French.  There  is  an 
example  apparently  identical  in  the  S.  Australian  Museum  from 
Innaminka,  in  the  far  north  of  S.A. 

C.  LEPiDUS,  sp.nov. 

Elongatus  ;  subcylinclricus  ;  sat  nitidus  ;  niger,  supra  versicolor 
purpureo-  viridi-  cyaneo-  et  aureo-micans ;  capite  sat  crebre 
sat  fortiter  punctulato  ;  oculis  quam  antennarum  articuli 
basalis  longitudine  multo  magis  inter  se  remotis  ;  sulcis 
ocularibus  sat  profundis  minus  latis  sat  elongatis ;  antennis 
apicem  versus  parum  incrassatis,  quam  corporis  dimidium 
multo  brevioribus;  articulo  3°  quam  1"*  2^^que  conjunct! 
vix  longiori  quam  4"^  5  "^que  conjuncti  vix  breviori,  articulis 
8-10  quam  praecedentes  vix  brevioribus  ;  prothorace  quam 
longiori  (et  postice  quam  antice)  fere  tribus  partibus  latiori, 
subfortiter  minus  tequaliter  punctulato,  antice  sinuatim  sub- 
truncato,  a  basi  antrorsum  arcuatim  angustato,  basi  media 
sat  late  sublobata,  angulis  anticis  subacutis  posticis  fere 
rectis  ;  elytris  subtiliter  seriatim  puuctulatis,  interstitiis 
planis  distincte  sat  crebre  punctulatis  ;  prosterno  medio 
planato  ;  metasterno  puncturis  setiferis  sparsis  instructo, 
episternis  magis  crebre  punctulatis  ;  abdomine  sparsim  punc- 
tulato et  sat  crebre  rugato  ;  femoribus  anticis  antice  fere 
Isevibus;  tarsis  subtus  nigro-setosis,  posticorum  articulo  basali 
ceteris  conjunctis  longitudine  sequali. 

[Long.  7^,  lat.  3?  lines. 


466  REVISION    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    AMARYGMIDES, 

An  extremely  elongate  species  somewhat  resembling  C.  perlongus 
and  cylindricus,  but  differing  from  botli  ijiter  alia  by  the  presence 
of  distinct  ocular  sulci  and  the  greater  width  of  the  interval 
between  the  eyes.  Compared  with  C.  cttpripennis  this  species 
(apart  from  its  entirely  different  shape)  has  eyes  about  the  same 
distance  apart,  prothorax  somewhat  less  transverse  and  with  front 
angles  evidently  more  pointed,  sculpture  of  elytra  not  much 
different,  &c.,  &c.  The  outline  curve  of  the  elytra  (viewed  from 
the  side)  is  not  strong  and  its  summit  is  at,  or  even  a  little  behind, 
the  middle  of  its  length.  The  arrangement  of  colours  on  the 
elytra  of  the  typical  specimen  is  peculiar,  the  suture  being  widely 
purple  except  near  the  base  and  apex  :  the  elongate  spot  thus 
formed  is  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  a  green  ring ;  the  lateral 
margins  are  widely  green  and  the  rest  of  the  surface  is  dull 
greenish-seneous,  changing  in  certain  lights  to  coppery. 

Victoria ;  sent  by  C.  French,  Esq. 

C.  iNCONSPicuus,  sp.nov. 

Elongato-subovatus ;  sat  nitidus  ;  niger,  elytris  minus  Isete 
versicoloribus  (sc.  obscure  viridibus  suturam  versus  aureo- 
purpureoque  micantibns)  ;  capite  crebre  snbfortiter  sat 
Eequaliter  punctulato  ;  oculis  quam  antennarum  articuli 
basalis  longitudine  magis  remotis ;  sulcis  ocularibus  nullis ; 
antennis  corporis  dimidio  sat  brevioribus,  modice  robustis, 
articulo  3°  quam  1"^  2"^que  conjuncti  parum  longiori  quam 
^us  5usq^^g  conjuncti  paullo  breviori,  articulis  8-10  quam 
prsecedentes  (3°  excepto)  vix  brevioribus ;  prothorace  quam 
longiori  (et  postice  quam  antice)  tribus  partibus  latiori,  sat 
crebre  sat  profunde  (nihilominus  sat  subtiliter)  punctulato, 
antice  sat  fortiter  bisinuato,  cetera  ut  C.  clypealis  :  elytris 
subtiliter  sequaliter  seriatim  punctulatis,  interstitiis  planis 
crebre  distincte  punctulatis  ;  prosterno  simplici  (sc.  nee 
carinato  nee  distincte  sulcato)  ;  metasterno  sparsim,  epis- 
ternis  (his  subnitidis)  sat  crebre,  distincte  punctulatis ;  abdo- 
mine    sparsim    punctulato   minus   [jerspicue  longitudinaliter 


BY    THE    REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  467 

rugato ;  femoribus  anticis  antice  sparsiin  subtiliter  punctu- 
latis  ;  tarsis  subtus  nigro-setosis, 

[Long.  6|-7|:,  lat.  3|-3|  lines. 

The  form  is  a  little  ovate,  being  slightly  at  the  widest  behind 
the  middle  of  the  elytra.  Viewed  from  the  side  the  upper  outline 
of  the  elytra  is  a  feeble  curve,  the  summit  of  which  is  at — or 
almost  behind — the  middle.  The  sculpture  of  the  elytra  is 
almost  as  in  C.  cupripennis,  the  puncturation  of  the  prothorax 
being  closer  and  stronger  (i.e.,  deeper  and  more  conspicuous,  but 
scarcely  less  fine)  than  in  that  species.  The  distance  between  the 
eyes  is  scarcely  less  than  in  C  cupripennis.  Compared  with  C. 
cupripeniiis  the  head  in  this  insect  is  much  more  closely  and 
evenly  punctulate,  the  antennal  joints  quite  differently  propor- 
tioned i7iter  se,  the  prothorax  less  transverse,  the  metasternal 
episterna  much  more  punctulate,  &c.  The  general  form  is  much 
more  elongate  and  parallel  with  the  outline  curve  of  the  elytra 
(viewed  from  the  side)  much  feebler,  with  its  summit  much 
further  from  the  base.  The  interstices  of  the  elytra  are  abso- 
lutely flat. 

W.  Australia;  sent  by  C.  French,  Esq.;  also  by  E.  Meyrick, 

E.sq. 

C.    YORKENSIS,  Sp.nOV. 

Elongato-ovalis ;  sat  nitidus ;  supra  versicolor,  vii'idi-  aureo- 
purpureo-  et  cyaneo-micans  ;  capite  sat  crebre  sat  fortiter 
punctulato,  in  medio  spatio  parvo  impunctulato  instructo  ; 
oculis  quam  antennarum  articuli  basalis  longitudine  vix 
magis  inter  se  remotis  ;  sulcis  ocularibus  sat  profundis  minus 
latis  sat  elongatis  ;  antennis  apicem  versus  modice  incrassatis, 
quam  corporis  dimidium  multo  brevioribus,  articulo  3°  quam 
Jus  2"^que  conjuncti  parum  longiori  quam  4"^  5"^que 
conjuncti  paullo  breviori,  articulis  8-10  quam  pr^ecedentes 
parum  brevioribus  ;  prothorace  quam  longiori  tribus  partibus 
(postice  quam  antice  dimidio)  latiori,  distincte  sat  crebre 
punctulato,  antice  sinuatim  truncato,  a  basi  antrorsum 
(leviter  arcuatim)  angustato,  basi  media  sat  late  vix  lobata, 


V^' 


468  REVISION   OF   THE    AUSTRALIAN   AMARYGMIDES, 

angulis  anticis  distinctis   sat  obtusis  posticis  (superne  visis) 

fere    subacutis ;    elytris   sat  subtilius    seriatim    punctulatis, 

interstitiis  planis  distincte  sat  crebre  punctulatis  ;  prosterno 

medio  carinato  ;  metasterno  ad  latera  episternis  abdomineque 

sparsim  subtilissime  punctulatis,  hoc  vix  perspicue   rugato  ; 

femoribus    anticis  antice    sparsim    subtilissime  punctulatis ; 

tarsis  subtus  nigro-setosis,  posticorura  articulo  basali  ceteris 

conjunctis  longitudine  fequali.  [Long.  5^,  lat.  2|  lines. 

An  ordinary  looking  species  of  rather  dull  aspect,  but  readily 

distinguishable  fiom  neax'ly  all  its  congeners  by  the  presence  of 

well-defined   ocular   sulci  in   combination    with   a  wide   interval 

between    the    eyes.      Placed  beside    C.   cupripennis,    Hope,    the 

present  insect  is  seen  to  be  of  much  narrower  and  less  robust 

form,  with  the  interval  between  the  eyes  scarcely  narrower,  the 

prothorax  much  less  transverse,  and  the  seriate  punctures  of  the 

elytra  scarcely  different,  while  the  punctures  of  the  interstices 

are  evidently  stronger.     The  outline  curve  of  the  elytra,  viewed 

from  the  side,  is  moderately  strong,  and  at  its  summit  slightly 

behind  the  middle. 

W.  Australia ;  York. 

C.    CARINATICEPS,  sp.nOV. 

9  C?).  Elongatus ;  subparallelus  ;  sat  nitidus ;  niger,  elytris 
versicoloribus  viridi-  et  purpureo-micantibus ;  capite  pro- 
thoraceque  subopacis  ;  illo  sat  crebre  subfortiter  punctulato  ; 
oculis  quam  antennarum  articuli  basalis  longitudine  paullo 
magis  inter  se  remotis  ;  spatio  interoculari  utrinque  carina 
brevi  instructo ;  sulcis  ocularibus  ut  C.  yorkensis  ;  antennis 
quam  corporis  pars  tertia  haud  longioribus  apicem  versus 
haud  incrassatis,  articulo  3°  quam  T^^  2"^que  conjunct! 
parum  longiori  quam  4*^*  5"^que  conjuncti  manifesto  breviori, 
articulis  8-11  quam  prsecedentes  sat  brevioribus ;  prothorace 
quam  longiori  vix  duabus  partibus  (postice  quam  antice 
tribus  partibus)  latiori,  distincte  sat  crebre  punctulato, 
antice  leviter  emargiuato,  a  basi  antrorsum  (prsesertim  ante 


BY   THE   REV.  T.  BLACKBURN.  469 

medium)  arcuatim  angustato,  basi  media  sat  anguste  sub- 
lobata,  angulis  anticis  obtusis  posticis  (superne  visis) 
subacutis;  eljti-is  sat  fortiter  (latera  versus  magis  fortiter) 
seriatim  punctulatis,  interstitiis  planis  subtiliter  minus  crebre 
punctulatis  ;  prosteriio  medio  antice  carinato ;  metasterno 
sparsim  perspicue  punctulato  et  (episternis  exceptis)  rugato ; 
abdomine  minus  sparsim  punctulato  et  crebre  rugato ; 
femoribus  anticis  antice  sat  crebre  minus  subtiliter  punctu- 
latis ;  tarsis  subtus  fulvo-setosis,  posticorum  articulo  basal i 
quam  apicales  2  vix  longiori.  [Long.  8,  lat.  4i  lines. 

A  fine  large  species,  bearing  considerable  resemblance  to 
C.  longipennis,  Hope,  but  at  once  distinguishable  by  the  presence 
of  distinct  ocular  sulci  and  of  a  carina  on  either  side  close  to  the 
eye,  the  opaque  prothorax,  the  stronger  sei-iate  puncturation  of 
the  elytra,  the  absence  of  iridescent  colouring  on  the  underside, 
fulvous  tarsal  vestiture,  &c.,  &c.  Placed  beside  G.  cuprij^ennis 
this  species  is  seen  to  be  much  larger,  with  the  eyes  evidently  less 
(though  not  7nuch  less)  remote,  the  seriate  punctures  of  the  elytra 
considerably  larger  and  less  closely  placed  (in  most  parts  three — 
but  here  and  there  only  two — punctures  on  a  length  equal  to  the 
width  of  an  interstice),  &c.,  &c.  The  eyes  are  remarkable  for 
having  their  antero-internal  angles  completely  rounded  off.  The 
outline  curve  of  the  elytra,  viewed  from  the  side,  is  feeble,  with 
its  summit  about  at  the  middle  of  its  length. 

N.  Queensland ;  sent  by  C.  French,  Esq. 

C.   CATENULATUS,  Sp.nOV. 

C.  carinaticipiti  valde  atfinis  sed  capite  prothoraceque  versi- 
coloribus,  elytrorum  coloribus  viridi  et  purpureo  alternatim 
vittatim  positis,  prothorace  antice  pauUo  minus  angustato ; 
elytris  grosse  seriatim  foveolatis  ;  cetera  ut  C.  carinaticipitis. 

[Long.  9,  lat.  i^  lines. 

Notwithstanding    the    close    resemblance    of    this    insect   to 

C.  carinaticeps  in  nearly  all  its  structural  characters  (I  can  find 

no  difference  in  them  except  in  the  less  anterior  narrowing  of  the 


470  REVISION   OP   THE   AUSTRALIAN    AMARYGMIDES. 

prothorax)  it  seems  impossible  to  regard  it  otherwise  than  as  a 
good  species,  owing  to  the  entirely  different  sculpture  of  the 
elytra,  the  seriate  punctures  of  which  are  large  fovese  (larger  than 
in  any  other  Chalco^iterus  that  I  have  seen).  The  intervals 
between  the  series  are  scarcely  wider — and  in  places  even 
narrower — than  the  diameter  of  individual  fovese  in  the  series. 
I  have  seen  several  exaoiples  all  quite  alike. 
N.  Queensland. 


RL.SNSW   (2"'Ser)VoL,VI 


H  S  Burton,  bih 


PLVII. 


P.L.S.NS.W.(Z':'d  Ser)  Vol  VI 


C-  Hedley  del  Cleclric  Phclo.  Enf.  CSyd 

SCHIZOCLOSSA    NOVOSEELANDICA 


C  Hediey  dei-  CIt- 

SCHIZCCiLOSSA         NO  vOSEELANDICA 


'Hf.  Co.  Syd. 


PL.S.NSW  (P^^'Ser)  Vol  Vll 


C.Hedleg  Del . 


electric  Pholo  En^CPSyd. 


471 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SOME  NEW  ARANEID^  OF  NEW 
SOUTH  WALES.     No.  1. 

By  W.  J.  Rainbow. 

(Plate  XII.) 

Family  THOMISID^.  V 

Genus  Stephanopis,  Cambr. 
Stephanopis  aspera,  sp.uov. 

2-  Cephalothorax,  4mm.  long;  abdomen,  7  mm.  long. 

Cephalothorax  nearly  as  broad  as  long,  somewhat  convex  :  caput 
elevated,  sloping  forward,  terminating  in  an  almost  perpendicular 
eminence,  on  the  extremity  of  which  are  several  tubercles  ;  on  the 
back,  front  and  sides  also  a  number  of  tubercles,  all  of  them 
bluntish,  yellow-brown  at  the  base  and  dark  brown  at  the  apex ; 
the  junction  of  the  cephalic  and  thoracic  segments  indicated  by 
strong,  deep,  lateral  clefts,  the  projections  formed  by  the  clefts 
strongly  tuberculated  ;  at  the  centre  of  the  cephalothorax  a  large, 
strong,  coniform  tubercle,  with  several  radiating  clefts,  their 
margins  strongly  tuberculated  :  clypeus  strongly  rugulose  and 
tuberculated  ;  its  surface  yellow-brown,  the  tubercles  dark  brown. 

Eyes  eight  in  number,  forming  a  ring  or  corona  around  the 
upper  part  of  the  cephalic  eminence  ;  of  these  the  four  seated  at 
the  back  in  a  slightly  curved  series — the  curvature  being  directed 
downwards  towards  the  sides — the  largest  of  the  group,  equal, 
equi-distant,  each  being  separated  from  its  neighbours  by  a  distance 
sub-equal  to  its  diameter ;  front  lateral  eyes  slightly  smaller  than 
33 


472  ON    SOME    NEW   ARANEID^    OF   NEW    SOUTH    WALES, 

those  of  the  hinder  row,  separated  from  each  other  by  fully  the 
diameter  of  two  eyes  ;  front  central  eyes  exceedingly  minute, 
seated  lower  down  the  cephalic  eminence  than  the  laterals,  but 
each  central  eye  situated  nearer  to  the  lateral  eye  than  to  eacli 
other. 

Legs  strong  and  moderately  long,  their  relative  lengths  being 
1,  2,  4,  3,  but  the  front  pair  somewhat  the  strongest ;  similar  in 
colour  to  the  cephalothorax,  all  furnished  with  tubercles,  short 
hairs,  bristles  and  spines,  but  the  spines  on  the  tibiae  and  metatarsi 
of  the  first  and  second  pairs  much  the  longest  and  strongest,  and 
directed  forwards  on  the  underside. 

Palpi  moderately  long,  and  strong,  similar  in  colour  and 
armature  to  the  legs,  each  terminating  with  a  small  curved  claw. 

Falces  long  and  strong,  similar  in  colour  to  the  legs  ;  furnished 
with  short  hairs  and  bristles  ;  and  in  addition  a  row  of  short 
tooth-like  spines  on  the  inner  margin  of  the  furrow  on  the  under- 
side of  each  falx,  wherein  the  fang  lies  concealed  when  at  rest. 

Maxillce.  of  a  brown  colour,  moderately  long,  nearly  straight, 
but  converging  somewhat  towards  the  labium. 

Labium  short,  broad,  but  much  narrower  at  the  apex  than  at 
the  base  ;  the  apex  fringed  with  a  few  strong  bristly  haii'S. 

Sternum  yellowish-brown,  large,  elliptical  in  outline,  slightly 
broadest  towards  its  fore  extremity,  and  thickly  furnished  with 
short  hairs. 

Abdomen  obovate,  slightly  overlapping  ;  upperside  similar  in 
colour  and  appearance  to  the  cephalothorax,  notched  in  front, 
somewhat  flattish,  though  slightly  depressed  towards  the  middle ; 
hinder  part  higher  and  broader  than  the  fore  extremity,  and 
thickly  tuberculated,  with  a  few  small  tubercles  and  punctures 
scattered  over  the  surface,  and  an  irregular  row  of  rather  large 
tubercles  along  the  lateral  margins  ;  the  underside  and  sides  of  a 
lighter  colour  than  the  upper  surface,  and  strongly  rugulose  ; 
spinnerets  compactly  grouped,  small,  three-jointed,  and  furnished 
with  rather  strong,  bristly  hairs. 

Ilab.  — Bungendore. 


BY    W.  J.   RAINBOW.  473 

A  single  specimen,  for  which  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  A.  Lea. 
Representatives  of  this  genus,  though  by  no  means  common,  are 
found  in  all  the  Australian  colonies.  By  the  form  and  arrange- 
ment of  the  legs  they  are  enabled  to  move  forwards,  backwards, 
or  in  a  lateral  direction  with  facility.  They  capture  their  prey 
either  by  surprise  or  pursuit,  and  conceal  themselves  under  loose 
bark  or  among  the  rugulosities  of  trees.  Their  extraordinary 
appearance,  which  closely  resembles  bark,  doubtless  serves  to 
protect  them  from  the  raids  of  enemies. 


Family  CTENID^* 
Genus  Cycloctenus,  L.  Koch. 

CyCLOTENUS  ABYSSINUS,  Urq.  ^. 

The  female  of  C.  abyssinus  was  described  by  Mr.  A.  T.  Urquhart 
in  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.,  Yol.  xxii.,  1889,  pp.  237-8,  and  is  figured  on 
Plate  XVI.  of  that  volume.  That  author  stated  in  a  concluding 
paragraph  of  his  paper  that  "  two  immature  males  did  not  differ 
essentially  in  form  or  colouration  from  the  female  examples." 
Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  A.  S.  Olliff,  F.E.S.,  I  have  been 
placed  in  possession  of  mature  ^  and  5  examples,  and  upon 
comparing  them,  with  others  which  I  have  since  received,  1  find 
the  difierence,  though  not  great,  is  nevertheless  sufiicient  to 
warrant  me  in  describing  the  $. 

I  desire  to  add,  further,  that  from  specimens  of  the  female  I 
have  examined  I  find  that  there  is  in  some  examples  a  slight 
difference  in  the  colouration  of  the  abdomen.  In  some  the  "faint 
blackish  flecks  on  lateral  margins,"  as  described  by  Mr.  Urquhart, 
are  darker  than  in  others,  and  slightly  larger,  irregularities  which 

*In  Vol.  xxii.  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  Mr.  Urquliart  placed  this  genus,  by 
mistake,  in  the  Family  Lycosidte,  an  error  which  he  afterwards  corrected 
in  his  ''Catalogue  of  the  Described  Species  of  New  Zealand  Araneidffi," 
Vol.  xxiv.  1892. 


474  ON    SOME    NEAV   ARANEIDiE    OP   NEW    SOUTH    WALES, 

should  be  borne  in  mind  and  cai'efully  noted,  in  order  to  prevent  the 
creation  of  synonyms  and  consequent  confusion,  more  especially 
as  the  examples  to  which  I  refer  are  from  the  same  locality  as  the 
one  described  by  that  author,  namely,  Jenolan  Caves. 

Similar  irregularities  occur  in  other  species.  The  Rev.  O.  P. 
Cambridge,  F.Z.S.,  has  drawn  attention  to  a  like  occurrence,* 
notably  in  connection  with  Gasteracantha  formosa,  the  abdominal 
spines  of  which  in  four  instances  (and  which  he  demonstrated  by 
figuresf)  were  different  "  in  the  absolute  as  well  as  relative  length, 
strength,  and  direction."  In  the  course  of  this  interesting  paper 
he  remarks : — "  This  will  be  found,  I  think,  to  be  the  case  also 
with  some  other  species  when  collectors  will  take  the  trouble  to 
collect  a  series  of  examples,  instead  of  being  satisfied  with  a  few 
or  even  single  specimens  of  those  which  appear  to  differ  most  from 
each  other  .  .  .  especially  if  the  spiders  come  from  the  same 
locality." 

The  difference  in  specimens  of  C.  abyssinus,  as  I  have  stated,  is 
slight,  or  comparatively  so  ;  nevertheless,  the  fact  of  the  occurrence 
of  any  difference  at  all  is,  I  think,  sufficient  to  justify  me  in 
recording  it,  and  is,  indeed,  my  only  apology  for  doing  so. 

(J.  Cephalothorax  4  mm.  long,  3  5  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen  2-5  mm. 
long,  2  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothorax  rather  longer  than  broad,  convex  :  caput  elevated 
and  rounded  on  the  sides  and  upper  part ;  the  junction  of  tlie 
cephalic  and  thoracic  segments  indicated  by  a  strong  deep  cleft 
of  a  transverse  curved  form,  the  curvature  being  directed  forwar.is 
laterally  ;  colour  of  the  cephalothorax  yellow-brown,  tinged  with 
dark  brown  or  sepia  on  the  margins  of  the  lateral  grooves  :  clypeus 
convex,  somewhat  quadrate,  with  a  deep  longitudinal  groove 
running  nearly  its  entire  length ;  marginal  band  yellow-brown, 
dark  on  the  outer  margin,  rather  broad,  sinuate,  and  furnished 
with  a  few  short  yellowish  hairs ;  profile  contour  of  the  cephalo- 
thorax, like  that  of  the  $,  representing  a  double  arch. 

*P.Z.S.,  Part  II.,  1879,  p.  280. 
t  P.Z.S.,  Part  II.,  1879,  Plate  xxvi.,  figs.  11,  11«,  116,  lie. 


BY    W.  J.  RAINBOW.  475 

Eyes  similar  in  disposition  to  those  of  the  9. 

Legs  long,  slender,  and  gradually  tapering  off ;  yellow-brown  in 
colour  with  dark  annulations ;  their  relative  lengths  4,  1,  2,  3,  the 
difference  between  4,  1,  and  2,  however,  very  slight;  furnished  with 
short  yellowish  and  black  hairs,  and  armed  like  the  ^  with  long 
black  spines,  similar  in  number  and  disposition. 

Paljn  equal  in  length  to  the  body,  slender,  and  similar  in  colour 
to  the  legs ;  the  copulatory  organs  prominent,  highly  developed  and 
complicated  in  structure,  and  armed  on  their  sides  with  long  and 
strong  spines. 

Falces  yellow-brown,  long,  strong,  broadest  towards  the  middle, 
and  inclined  outwards  at  the  lower  extremity ;  furnished  with 
stroiigish  yellow  hairs,  and  a  few  long  coarse  black  bristles ;  and 
in  addition  a  row  of  short  tooth-like  spines  on  the  margins  of 
the  furrow  of  each  falx,  wherein  the  fang  lies  concealed  when  at 
rest. 

MaxiUoi  long,  narrow  at  the  base,  broad  towards  the  middle, 
and  slightly  pointed  at  the  apex  ;  yellow-brown,  furnished  with 
coarse  hairs  or  bx'istles,  and  inclined  towards  the  labium. 

Labium  similar  in  colour  to  maxillae,  short,  broad,  quadrate, 
slightly  concave  at  apex. 

Sternum  short,  broad,  somewhat  heart-shaped,  pale  yellowish, 
sparsely  furnished  with  yellowish  hairs. 

Abdomen  obovate,  slightly  overlapping  cephalothorax,  base 
somewhat  truncated,  moderately  convex ;  greyish  in  colour  and 
thickly  covered  with  coarse  hairs  and  long  bristles. 

Ilab. — Jenblan  Caves. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE. 
Plate  xii. 


Fig.    1. — Stephanopis  aspera. 
Fig.    2. — Profile  view  of  spider. 


476  ON   SOME   NEW    ARANEIDiE   OF   NEW    SOUTH    WALES. 

Plate  xii.  (continued). 

Fig.    3. — Caput,  front  view,  showing  arrangement  of  first  row  of  eyes. 

Fig.    4. — Caput,  back  view,  showing  arrangement  of  second  row  of  eyes. 

Fig.    5.— Falces. 

Fig.    6. — Cydoctemis  abyssinus,  Urq.  <J  . 

Fig.    7. — Maxillary  palpus  of  <? . ' 

Fig.    8.—C.abyssimis,^. 

Fig.    9.  — Showing  arrangement  of  eyes  as  viewed  from  the  front. 

Fig.  10.— Tarsus. 

Fig.  11.— Maxillary  palpus  of  ?. 

Fig.  12.— Vulva. 

Note — Figs.  9-12  after  Urquhart. 


477 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  AUSTRALIAN  MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 
By  E.  Meyrick,  B.A.,  F.Z.S. 

XVI.    TINEIDAE. 

The  investigations  which  I  made  for  the  purpose  of  this  paper 
have  led  me  to  extend  the  limits  of  the  family  Tineidae  beyond 
those  which  I  originally  contemplated  and  have  elsewhere  used, 
thus  including  within  it  the  smooth-faced  genera  previously 
separated  as  the  Argyresthiadae,  those  with  up-turned  apex  of 
forewings  for  which  I  formed  the  family  Erechthiadae,  and  the 
rough-headed  genera  with  antennal  eyecaps  formerly  classed  as 
Lyoneiiadae  ;  the  latter  term  I  would  now  restrict  to  the  smooth- 
headed  genera  with  antennal  eyecaps.  The  reason  for  this  course 
is  that  I  find  it  impossible  to  maintain  an  accurate  line  of 
demarcation  between  these  groups,  the  characters  not  being  con- 
stantly preserved.  They  do  however  constitute  natural  groups, 
with  structural  distinctions  which  are  usually  though  not  invariably 
maintained,  and  may  be  conveniently  regarded  as  subfamilies,  if 
rigidity  of  definition  is  not  insisted  on. 

As  now  defined,  the  family  includes  nearly  all  the  rough-headed 
Tineina.  The  Microjjterygidae  and  Neptictdidae,  which  are  also 
rough-headed,  differ  from  it,  the  former  by  the  primitive  neuration 
of  the  hindwings,  which  have  eleven  or  more  veins,  instead  of  the 
normal  eight,  and  the  latter  (which  is  probably  a  direct  develop- 
ment of  the  Micropterygidae,  with  very  degraded  neuration,)  by 
the  eighteen-legged  larva.  The  Gracilariadae  are  normally 
smooth-headed,  but  some  genera  have  rough  heads  ;  these  are 
distinguishable  by  the  fourteen-legged  larvae,  and  can  also  be 
separated  from  those  genera  of  Tineidae  with  degraded  neuration 


478  DESCRIPTIONS    OF    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

(with  wliich  alone  they  can  be  confused)  by  a  consideration  of  the 
total  of  other  characters. 

I  consider  the  Tineidae  to  have  been  developed  fi'om  an  early 
form  of  the  Plutellidae,  closely  approaching  the  primitive  Alicro- 
pterygidae.  The  Lyonetiadae  and  Gracilariadae  I  regard  as 
offshoots  from  some  of  the  more  degenerate  forms  of  the  Tineidae. 
The  family,  though  less  numerous  than  some  others,  is  still  a  large 
one,  and  seems  to  be  pretty  evenly  distributed  throughout  the 
world. 

The  following  are  the  characters  of  the  family  : — 

Head  roughly  haired,  face  sometimes  smooth.  Antenna? 
variable  in  length,  usually  |-1,  joints  often  closely  set,  transverse. 
Labial  palpi  usually  nearly  straight,  often  with  scattered  bristles, 
apex  rarely  acute.  Maxillary  palpi  often  strongly  developed, 
several-jointed,  folded,  sometimes  absent.  Foi'ewings  with  vein 
1  furcate  or  more  rarely  simple,  2  from  or  rather  near  angle,  11 
usually  from  or  before  middle,  upper  margin  of  cell  usually  more 
or  less  obsolete  towards  base,  secondary  cell  often  well-marked, 
forked  parting-vein  usually  well-defined.  Hindwings  usually  as 
broad  as  forewings,  sometimes  narrower,  very  rarely  broader 
varying  from  subovate  to  linear;  vein  8  free.  Larva  sixteen- 
1  egged  or  apodal. 

The  folded  several -jointed  maxillary  palpi  are  confined  to  the 
rough-headed  families  of  the  Tineina ;  they  are  not  however  by 
any  means  constantly  present,  the  tendency  to  their  loss  being  so 
strong,  that  they  are  not  unfrequently  present  in  one  of  two  closely 
allied  genera  and  absent,  or  nearly  so,  in  the  other.  Hence,  while 
their  presence  is  a  highly  valuable  indication  of  affinity,  their 
absence  proves  nothing.  They  are  notwithstanding  one  of  the 
primitive  chai'acters  of  the  ancestors  of  the  family.  I  am  however 
unable  at  present  to  see  how,  on  any  scheme  of  descent,  all  those 
genera  which  possess  long  folded  maxillary  palpi  can  have  retained 
them  by  direct  inheritance  from  the  primitive  form  ;  and  it  seems 
necessary  to  assume  that  in  some  instances  they  may  have  reverted 
from  a  state  of  partial  (not  entire)  obsolescence  to  their  originally 
fully-developed  structure. 


BY    K.   MEYUICK.  479 

In  some  other  respects  there  is  great  variation.  Certain  genera 
have  the  antennae  of  extreme  length,  thrice  as  long  as  the  fore- 
wings,  a  character  which  recurs  in  no  other  Lepidoptera.  The 
labial  palpi  never  assume  the  sickle-shaped  form  so  characteristic 
of  the  large  majority  of  the  smooth-headed  Tineina  ;  occasionally 
they  are  quite  absent.  The  presence  or  absence  of  the  ocelli  seems 
to  be  of  little  or  no  importance  generically.  The  neuration  is 
sometimes  much  degraded,  but  when  fully  present  the  normal  type 
has  all  the  veins  separate  and  tolerably  parallel  in  both  forewings 
and  hindwings  ;  many  genera  have  a  tendency  to  the  approxima- 
tion of  veins  5  and  6  in  the  hindwings. 

The  family  may  be  divided  into  the  following  groups,  as 
characterised  : 

(1)  Adelides.     Antennae  of  ^  thrice  forewings:  genera  1,  2. 

(2)  Tineides.  Face  usually  rough  ;  maxillary  palpi  often 
developed;  neuration  usually  normal:  genera  3-21. 

(3)  Erechthiades.  Face  usually  rough ;  maxillary  palpi  well- 
developed  ;  neuration  normal;  apex  of  forewings  bent  up  at  right 
angles  to  surface  in  repose  :  genera  22-27. 

(4)  Hieroxeslides.  Face  smooth;  maxillary  palpi  well-developed; 
autennse  with  eyecap  :  genus  28. 

(5)  Argyresthiades.  Face  smooth  ;  maxillary  palpi  rarely 
developed  ;  neuration  normal :  genera  29-40. 

(6)  Bedelliades.  Face  smooth  ;  maxillary  palpi  obsolete  ; 
aiitennse  often  with  eyecap ;  neuration  degraded  :  genera  41-47. 

(7)  Opostegides.  Face  rough  ;  maxillary  palpi  well-developed  ; 
Hutennse  with  large  eyecap  ;  neuration  much  degraded  :  genus  48. 

The  first  of  these  groups,  the  Adelides,  is  definable  as  a  separate 
family,  if  it  were  thought  necessary,  but  there  seems  no  sufficient 
reason  to  separate  it  from  the  rest  at  present. 

In  the  following  de.scriptions  I  have  given  characters  for  all  the 
genera,  for  the  sake  of  completeness,  and  tables  of  species  for  all 
the  genera  ;  but  I  have  not  thought  it  necessary  to  redescribe  those 
species  which  I  have  already  described  before,  nor  to  repeat 
k]calities  then  given. 


480  DESCRIPTIONS    OF   AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

Subjoined  is  the  tabulation  of  genera, 

1 .  A  ntennse  in  (J  more  than  twice  f orewings ...  2. 
Antennae  in  ^J  less  than  twice  fore  wings...  3, 

2.  Eyes  in  ^  much  enlarged,  closely  approxi- 

mated above 1.  Nemotois. 

Eyes  in  (J  normal , 2.  Adela. 

3.  Face  more  or  less  rough 4. 

Face  smooth 27 . 

4.  Maxillary  palpi  more  or  less  developed 5. 

Maxillary  palpi  rudimentary  or  absent 20. 

5.  Maxillary  palpi  long,  folded 6. 

Maxillary   palpi   moderate   or   short,   not 

folded 18. 

6.  Forewings  with  one  or  more  veins  absent  7. 
Forewings  with  all  veins  present 13. 

7.  Antennae  in  ^  with  notch  above  basal  joint  24.   Comodica. 
Antennee  in  ^  without  notch 8. 

8.  Antennae  with  large  eyecap 48.   Opostega. 

Antennje  without  eyecap 9. 

9.  Abdomen  much  dilated ;    posterior   tibise 

smooth  above 26.  Uur^tyla. 

Abdomen  normal ;   posterior  tibise  rough- 
haired  above 10. 

10.  Hindwings  with  cell  open 11. 

Hindwings  with  cell  closed 12. 

11.  Hindwings  ovate-lanceolate,  cilia  1^ 23.   Chorocosma. 

Hindwings    narrow-lanceolate    or    linear, 

cilia  3-6 19.  Demobrotis. 

12.  Forewings  with  veins  7  and  8  stalked  or 

coincident 25.  Ereunetis. 

Forewings  with  veins  7  and  8  separate 20.  Endophthora. 

13.  Forewings  with  vein  7  to  hindmargin 7.  Eriocottis. 

Forewings  with  vein  7  to  costa 14. 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  481 

14.  Hindwings  with  vein  5  absent 22.   Dryadaula, 

Hindwings  with  all  veins  present 15. 

15.  Forewings  with  transparent  discal  impres- 

sion, veins  3  and  4  stalked 14.  Blabophanes. 

Forewings  without  transparent  impression, 

veins  3  and  4  separate 16. 

16.  Antennje  almost  or  quite  1 16.   Chrysoryctis. 

Antennpe  not  over  j...  17. 

17.  Hindwings  with  cell  open 13.   Mimoscopa. 

Hindwings  with  cell  closed 15.   Tinea. 

18.  Labial   palpi  with  second  joint  tufted  in 

front 12.   ^cardia. 

Labial  palpi  with  second  joint  not  tufted..  19. 

1 9 .  Antenna;  in  $  ciliated 8.  Mesopherna . 

Antennte  in  $  pubescent 17.   Tineola. 

20.  Hindwings  with  one  or  more  veins  absent  21. 
Hindwings  with  all  veins  present 24. 

21.  Antennae  in  (J  bipectinated 22. 

Antennee  in  male  not  bipectinated 23. 

22.  Hindwings  with  cell  open  between  6  and  7.  10.  Iphierga. 
Hindwings  with  cell  closed 4.  Ctenocompa. 

23.  Forewings  with  vein  10  absent 21.  Mychonoa. 

Forewings  with  vein  10  present 6.  Lepidoscia. 

24.  Antennse  longer  than  forewings 18.   Macraeola. 

Antennee  shorter  than  forewings 25. 

25.  Middle  and   posterior  tarsi   conspicuously 

elongate 9.  Acridotarsa. 

Middle  and  posterior  tarsi  normal 26. 

26.  Posterior  tibise  smooth-scaled 11.  Ardiosteres. 

Posterior  tibiae  rough-haired 5.  Xysmatodoma 

27.  Hindwings  with  all  veins  present 28. 

Hindwings  with  one  or  more  veins  absent  36. 

28.  Antennje  11 29. 

Antennae  less  than  1 30. 


482  DESCRIPTIONS    OP    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

29.  Maxillary  palpi  long,  folded 35.  Hestiaula. 

Maxillary  palpi  rudimentary 40.  Aviphithera. 

30.  Maxillary  palpi  long,  folded 31. 

Maxillary  palpi  short  or  absent 32. 

31.  Hindwings  with  vein  5  out  of  7,  6  to  hind- 

margin  28.   Hieroxestis. 

Hindwings  with  vein  7  separate,  6  to  costa  27.   Hijypiochaetes. 

32.  Forewings  with  vein  7  to  costa 33. 

Forewings  with  vein  7  to  hindmargin 35. 

33.  Second  joint  of  labial  palpi  with  dense  tuft 

of  hairs 31.  Dascia. 

Second  joint  of  labial  palpi  not  tufted 34. 

34.  Terminal  joint  of  palpi  as  long  as  second  29.  Tiviaea. 
Terminal  joint  of  palpi  much  shorter  than 

second 32.  Acmosara. 

35.  Tongue  well-developed 30.   Thudaca. 

Tongue  absent 3.   Sentica. 

36.  Hindwings  with  cell  closed 37. 

Hindwings  with  cell  open 42. 

37.  Maxillary  palpi  porrected,  distinct 36.   Tonza. 

Maxillary  palpi  rudimentary.... 38. 

38.  Posterior  tibiae  smooth-scaled   33.   Zelleria. 

Posterior  tibiae  with,  long  hairs 39. 

39.  Antennae  longer  than  forewings 40. 

Antennae  not  longer  than  forewings 41. 

40.  Antennte  in  ^  ciliated 39.    Thereutis. 

Antennaj  in  ^  simple 38.    Harpedonistis 

41.  Anterior  tibiae  dilated  with  scales 34.   Macarangela. 

Anterior  tibiae  normal 37.    Nematobola. 

42.  Pal [)i  wholly  absent 45.  Bucculatrix. 

Palpi  not  wholly  absent 43. 

43.  Basal  joint  of  antennae  forming  well-marked 

eyecap 44. 

Basal  joint  of  antennae  not  forming  an  eyecap  46. 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  483 

44.  Antennaa  1  or  over  1 46.  Stegommata. 

Antennae  less  than  1 45. 

45.  Forewings  with  4  veins  absent 41.   Cateristis. 

Fore  wings  with  5  veins  absent 47.   Crohylophora. 

46.  Antennae  1.  43.  Bedellia. 

Antennae  less  than  1 47. 

47.  Forewings  with  cell  closed,  5  veins  absent  42.  Diplothectis. 
Forewings  with  cell  open,  6  veins  absent...   44.   Arctocoma. 

1.  Nemotois,  Hb. 

Head  rough-haired  on  crown,  face  smooth  ;  eyes  in  ^  enlarged, 
approximated  on  crown  ;  ocelli  absent ;  tongue  well-developed, 
base  hairy.  Antennae  in  ^  about  3,  in  ^  1^  or  more,  in  ^ 
filiform,  simple,  basal  joint  thick,  without  pecten.  Labial  palpi 
moderate,  curved,  ascending,  shorter  in  (^,  with  long  rough  pro- 
jecting hairs  in  front,  terminal  joint  tolerably  pointed.  Maxillary 
palpi  absent.  Posterior  tibiae  clothed  with  long  hairs.  Fore- 
wings with  vein  1  furcate,  7  to  costa,  11  from  J.  Hiudwings  1, 
elongate-ovate,  cilia  § ;  veins  6  and  7  stalked  or  approximated  at 
base. 

A  rather  small  genus,  characteristic  of  the  European  and  Indo- 
Malayan  regions ;  the  three  Australian  species  known  to  me  are 
very  closely  allied  togethei\  The  known  larvae  (not  Australian) 
are  case-bearers,  feeding  at  first  on  flowers,  afterwards  rather 
indiscriminately.     The  imagos  fly  in  hot  sunshine, 

1.  Forewing.s  with  clear  yellow   oval   spot  in 

disc  near  base 3.   topazias. 

Forewings  without  yellow  spot 2. 

2.  Hairs  of  crown  in  (T  black 1.  sparsellus. 

Hairs  of  crown  in  ^  yellow-ochreous  mixed 

with  blackish 2.   orichalcias. 

1.  JVem.  sparselhts,  Walk. 
(Nemotois  sparsella,  Walk.  506.) 

^9.  11mm.  Head  in  ^  blackish,  in  ^  yellow-ochreous,  face 
brassy-metallic.       Palpi   whitish,    with   black   hairs.      Antennae 


484  DESCRIPTIONS    OF    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

whitish,  towards  base  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  pale  metallic  golden. 
Abdomen  and  legs  dark  fuscous,  base  of  tarsal  joints  whitish. 
Forewings  elongate-triangular,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  obtuse, 
hindraargin  obliquely  rounded ;  bright  metallic  coppery-golden, 
with  purple  reflections  ;  a  slender  dark  purple  subcostal  streak 
from  base  to  ^,  margined  above  by  a  pale  metallic  golden  costal 
streak  ;  a  rather  broad  dark  fuscous-purple  median  fascia,  anterior 
edge  rather  irregular,  posterior  edge  straight,  crossed  throughout 
by  numerous  whitish  fine  partially  broken  striae,  not  quite 
reaching  posterior  edge :  cilia  coppery-golden.  Hind  wings  dark 
purplish-fuscous  ;  cilia  bronzy-fuscous. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  three  specimens  in  October,  on 
flowers  of  Leptosper7nu7n.  This  may  possibly  be  only  a  form  of 
iV.  orichalcias  ;  further  material  is  needed  to  decide.  It  is  dis- 
tinguished by  the  wholly  black  crown  of  ^,  whitish  antennae, 
more  golden  {less  purple)  colouring,  and  whitish  (not  ochreous) 
striae  of  median  fascia. 

2.   Nem.  oi'icludcias,  n.sp. 

(  ?  Adela  laurella,  Newm.,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  (n.s.)  Ill, 
290.) 

(JQ.  10-13  mm.  Head  yellow-ochreous,  crown  in  ^  mixed  with 
blackish,  face  brassy-metallic.  Palpi  whitish-ochreous,  with  some 
dark  fuscous  hairs.  Antennae  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  bright 
metallic  coppery.  Abdomen  and  legs  dark  fuscous,  base  of  tarsal 
joints  ochreous- whitish.  Forewings  elongate-triangular,  costa 
gently  arched,  apex  obtuse,  hindmargin  obliquely  rounded  ;  bright 
metallic  coppery-goldei^,  with  strong  bright  purple  reflections ;  a 
thick  dark  purple  subcostal  streak  from  base  to  J,  margined  above 
by  a  pale  metallic  golden  costal  streak,  and  beneath  by  a  pale 
metallic  golden  oval  patch ;  a  rather  broad  dark  fuscous-purple 
median  fascia,  anterior  edge  curved  or  somewhat  sinuate,  posterior 
edge  straight,  crossed  throughout  by  numerous  whitish-ochreous 
fine  partially  broken  striae,  not  quite  reaching  posterior  edge  : 
cilia   metallic  purplish-coppery.      Hindwings  dark   fuscous,   with 


BY    E.   MEYRICK.  485 

purplish  or  bronzy  reflections,  thinly  scaled  towards  base  ;  cilia 
bronzy-fuscous. 

Sydney  and  Bowenfels  (3000  feet),  New  South  Wales  ;  Mel- 
bourne, Victoria ;  Launceston  and  Hobart,  Tasmania ;  Mount 
Lofty,  South  Australia ;  locally  plentiful  from  December  to  March, 
frequenting  flowers  of  Bttrsaria  spinosa.  Adela  laurella,  Newm., 
may  probably  be  this  species,  but  as  the  description  is  insufiicient 
to  separate  it  with  certainty  from  its  allies,  and  the  type  is  not 
forthcoming,  it  seems  better  not  to  adopt  the  name  on  uncertain 
evidence.  Adela  chrysolamprella,  Ros.,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist. 
1885,  438,  appears  to  me  from  the  description  to  be  probably  a 
fourth  species  of  the  genus,  unless  described  from  a  bad  specimen  ; 
it  cannot  be  certainly  identified  at  present. 

3.  Nem.  to2)azias,  n.sp. 

(J9.  10-12  mm.  Head  in  ^  blackish,  in  i^  yellow-ochreous, 
face  brassy-metallic.  Palpi  pale  yellow,  in  ^  with  some  blackish 
hairs.  Antennae  dai'k  fuscous.  Tliorax  bright  metallic  coppery. 
Abdomen  and  legs  dark  fuscous,  base  of  tarsal  joints  ochreous- 
whitish.  Forewings  elongate-triangular,  costa  gently  arched,  apex 
obtuse,  hindmargin  obliquely  rounded  ;  bright  deep  coppery-purple, 
with  golden-metallic  reflections  ;  a  pale  metallic-golden  streak 
along  basal  third  of  costa  ;  a  pale  clear  ochreous-yellow  oval  or 
pear-shaped  spot  near  base  in  middle ;  a  rather  broad  dark 
fuscous-purple  median  fascia,  anterior  edge  curved  or  somewhat 
sinuate,  posterior  edge  straight,  crossed  throughout  by  numerous 
whitish-yellowish  fine  partially  broken  strise,  not  quite  reaching 
])osterior  edge  :  cilia  deep  coppery-purple.  Hindwings  dark 
purplish-fuscous,  thinly  scaled  towards  base;  cilia  purplish-fuscous. 

Blackheath  (3500  feet),  New  South  Wales;  Georges  Bay, 
Tasmania  ;  Wirrabara  and  Mount  Lofty,  South  Australia ;  in 
October,  December,  and  March,  locally  plentiful,  frequenting 
flowers  of  Acacia.  This  species  is  very  similar  to  the  two  pre- 
ceding, but  distinguished  from  both  by  the  clear  well-defined 
yellow  (not  metallic)  subbasal  spot,  and  by  the  deeper  purple 
(less  golden)   colouring,  especially  noticeable  in  the  cilia,  of  fore- 


486  DESCRIPTIONS    OF   AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

wings  ;  in  the  blackish  crown  of  ^  it  agrees  with  A^.  sparsellus, 
in  the  yellowish  tint  of  the  strise  with  JV.  oriclialcias.  The  fact 
of  the  three  species  appearing  to  frequent  different  flowers  may 
not  indicate  much,  as  it  is  possible  that  these  are  not  the  food- 
plants  of  the  larvse,  but  are  merely  frequented  by  the  imagos  for 
their  nectar ;  they  may  thenefore  be  simply  selected  as  the  most 
attractive  blossoms  in  the  localities  respectively  inhabited  by  the 
species. 

2.  Adela,  Latr. 

Head  rough-haired,  face  rather  smooth  beneath  ;  ocelli  absent  ; 
tongue  developed.  Antennse  in  ^  about  3,  in  9  about  1|,  filiform, 
often  thickened  with  scales  towai-ds  base.  Labial  palpi  rather 
short,  porrected,  rough-haired.  Maxillary  palpi  absent.  Posterior 
tibi»  clothed  with  long  hairs.  Forewings  with  vein  1  furcate, 
7  to  costa,  8  and  9  rarely  stalked,  11  from  J.  Hindwings  1, 
elongate-ovate,  cilia  | ;  sometimes  5  and  6,  or  6  and  7  stalked. 

This  genus,  distinguished  from  the  preceding  by  the  eyes  of  the 
(J  not  being  abnormally  enlarged,  is  characteristic  of  the  northern 
hemisphere,  where  it  attains  some  development ;  whether  the 
single  species  alleged  to  be  Australian  is  really  so,  appears  to  me 
at  present  very  doubtful.  Besides  the  species  in  question,  an 
insect  has  been  figured  by  Felder  (Reis.  Nov.  pi.  cxxxix,  1)  under 
the  name  of  Adela  aethiops,  from  Australia  ;  it  is  represented  as 
having  blue-black  forewings,  with  three  straight  parallel  blue 
transverse  lines  beyond  middle,  and  blackish  hindwings  ;  I  believe 
this  figure  represents  a  Neuropterous  insect  which  1  have  seen  in 
Australia  ;  and  not  a  Lepidopteron  at  all. 

4.  Ad.  caeruleella,  Walk. 
(Adela  caeruleella,  Walk.  502.) 

(J.  13-14  mm.  Head  reddish-ochreous.  Forewings  elongat'e  ; 
deep  purple,  with  indigo-blue  reflections.     Hindwings  dark  grey. 

I  have  never  seen  this  species  in  Australia,  neither  have  any  of 
my  correspondents;  possibly  it  is  from  the  northern  districts,  but 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  487 

at  present  I  am  disposed  to  think  that  there  is  some  error  of 
locality ;  two  of  the  three  types  in  the  British  Museum  are  said 
to  be  from  an  unknown  source,  the  third  from  Australia,  without 
more  precise  indication.  The  above  diagnosis  is  drawn  from  these 
types. 

Xemox>hora  sabulosella,  Walk.  497,  is  described  as  Australian : 
the  small  genus  Neniophora,  differing  from  Adela  mainly  in  the 
possession  of  long  folded  maxillary  palpi,  is  otherwise  exclusively 
European,  and  its  occurrence  in  Australia  is  very  improbable,  and 
has  never  been  confirmed.  The  species  in  question  (a  greyish- 
ochreous  insect  with  grey  hindwings)  closely  approaches  the 
European  N.  j^conzerella,  if  indeed  not  actually  identical  with  it, 
and  at  present  I  refuse  to  include  it  in  the  Australian  fauna 
without  further  evidence. 

\  3.  Sentica,  Walk. 

Head  with  loose  rather  rough  hairs,  face  with  tolerably 
appressed  scales ;  ocelli  absent;  tongue  absent.  Antennae  under 
•|,  joints  elongate,  in  ^  dentate,  fasciculate-ciliated,  basal  joint 
thickened  with  small  tooth  of  scales,  without  pecten.  Labial 
palpi  rather  short,  porrected,  loosely  haired,  terminal  joint  short, 
somewhat  pointed.  Maxillary  palpi  absent.  Posterior  tibiae 
with  appressed  scales.  Ovipositor  of  ^  very  long.  Forewings 
with  vein  1  furcate,  7  to  hindmargin,  8  absent,  9  and  10  some- 
times stalked.  Hindwings  1,  trapezoidal-ovate,  cilia  -| ;  6  and  7 
somewhat  approximated. 

Only  the  two  following  species  are  known.  The  genus  may 
probably  be  a  development  of  Xysmatodoma. 

Forewings  with  white  spots 6.   oppositella  ^. 

Forewings  with  golden  spots 6.   opposiiella  <J, 

Forewings  with  orange  fasciae 5.  heliozona. 

5.  Se7it.  heliozona,  n.sp. 

9.  20mm.     Head,  palpi,  thorax,  abdomen,  and  legs  blackish; 
anal    tuft    whitisb-ochreous    beneath.      Antennae   pale    ochreous- 
yellowish.       Forewings    suboblong,    costa    sinuate,    apex   obtuse, 
34 


488  DESCRIPTIONS    OF    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

hindmargiii  obliquely  rounded  ;  purple-blackish  ;  markings  bright 
orange ;  a  moderate  rather  irregular  fascia  at  ;^  ;  a  spot  on  inner 
margin  at  § ;  a  moderate  slightly  sinuate  fascia  from  middle  of 
costa  to  anal  angle  ;  a  moderate  outwards-curved  fascia  from  |  of 
costa  to  middle  of  hind  margin :  cilia  deep  indigo-blue.  Hindwings 
purple-blackish ;  a  moderate  orange  fascia  near  base ;  a  moderate 
orange  fascia  from  beneath  costa  at  i  to  hindmargin  below  middle, 
upper  extremity  attenuated  ;  cilia  deep  indigo-blue. 


6.   Sent.  oppositeJla,  Walk. 
(Sentica  oppositeUa,  Walk.  o07  ;  Oecinea  Felderi,  Scott,  Austr. 
Lep.  29,  pi.  IX.  ;  ?  Lampronia  discistrigella,  Walk.  487.) 

X.  14  mm.  Forewings  dark  purplish-fuscous  ;  numei'ous  small 
golden  dots  towards  inner  and  hindmargin  ;  a  golden  spot  on 
middle  of  costa,  and  another  on  costa  before  apex,  flindwings 
dark  fuscous,  with  a  golden  discal  patch  extending  to  base. 

Q.  15-19  mm.  Head,  palpi,  antennse,  thorax,  abdomen,  and 
legs  black ;  antennae  ringed  with  whitish  ;  base  of  first  tarsal 
joint  white  ;  anal  tuft  ochreous-yellowish.  Forewings  oblong- 
triangular,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  obtuse,  hindmargin 
rounded,  little  oblique ;  black,  with  slight  blue-green  reflections ; 
markings  snow-white  ;  a  narrow  fascia  near  base,  not  reaching 
inner  margin  ;  a  second  at  ^,  somewhat  angulated  in  middle, 
interrupted  below  middle ;  several  variable  dots  below  middle  of 
disc ;  three  spots  forming  a  curved  series  from  %  of  costa  to  J  of 
inner  margin  ;  four  others  forming  a  curved  submarginal  series 
from  I  of  costa  to  anal  angle  :  cilia  indigo-blue,  with  white  dots 
at  apex  and  anal  angle  and  sometimes  above  and  below  middle. 
Hindwings  very  dark  purplisli-bronze,  towards  anal  angle  blue- 
greenish-tinged  ;  three  or  four  variable  snow-white  dots  towards 
anal  angle  ;  cilia  indigo-blue. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales  ;  fiom  November  to  Januaiy, 
common.  Larva  16-legged,  blackish ;  head  and  segments  2-4 
yellowish-brown  :  feeds  on  lichens,  grass,  &c.,  in  a  portable  case  ; 


KY    E.   MEYRICK.  489 

case  large,  triangular,  swollen  about  middle,  granulated  with 
fragments  of  lichen,  mouth  very  oblique,  apex  ratlier  flattened, 
with  two  loose  flaps  on  sides  a  little  below  apex.  The  description 
of  the  ^  given  above  is  taken  from  Scott  (loc.  cit.) ;  I  have  bred 
the  9  freely,  but  only  bred  one  ^,  and  that  escaped,  owing  to  my 
being  unprepared  for  its  great  activity  and  rapidity  of  flight ;  I 
have  never  met  with  the  species  on  the  wing. 

If  Walker's  description  of  discistrigella  is  really  taken  from  the 
(J  of  this  species,  as  seems  not  unlikely,  the  specific  name  would 
have  to  be  adopted  for  the  species  ;  but  I  found  no  type  standing 
under  the  name  in  the  Museum  collection,  and  think  it  better  to 
wait  until  it  is  discovered,  as  the  description  does  not  fully  accord. 

4.  Ctenocompa,  n.g. 

Head  rough-haired  ;  ocelli  absent ;  tongue  absent.  Antennae 
\,  in  (J  bipectinated,  basal  joint  moderate,  without  pecten.  Labial 
palpi  short,  thick,  obtuse,  porrected,  with  some  loose  rough  hairs. 
Maxillary  palpi  absent.  Posterior  tibias  with  appressed  scales. 
Forewings  with  vein  1  furcate,  7  to  apex,  8  absent,  1 1  from  before 
middle.  Hind  wings  1,  triangular-ovate,  cilia  J  ;  vein  4  absent,  6 
and  7  somewhat  approximated. 

Presumably  also  a  development  of  Xysmatodoma,  and  allied  to 
the  preceding  genus.  It  is  nearly  related  structurally  to  the 
genus  Melasma,  which  inhabits  the  European  Alps,  but  differs  in 
the  absence  of  a  vein  in  both  forewings  and  hind  wings.  Only 
the  one  species  is  known, 

7.   Cten.  haliodes,  n.sp. 

(^.18  mm.  Head,  palpi,  thorax,  abdomen,  and  legs  blackish, 
clothed  with  grey  hairs.  Antennae  blackish,  pectinations  3, 
reduced  to  dentations  towards  apex.  Forewings  suboblong,  costa 
gently  arched,  apex  rounded,  hindmargin  obliquely  rounded ; 
dark  fuscous,  strewn  with  numerous  small  paler  or  whitish-tinged 
spots  throughout ;  several  irregular  Avhite  spots  towards  base  ;  a 
larger  transverse  white  spot  from  costa  before  middle,  reaching 
half  across  wing  ;    beneath  this  a  triangular  white  spot,  below 


490  DESCRIPTIONS    OF   AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

which  are  two  white  dots  on  middle  of  inner  margin  ;  four  small 
white  spots  on  apical  half  of  costa  ;  one  or  two  whitish  spots 
towards  anal  angle  :  cilia  snow-white,  base  blackish-fuscous. 
Hindwings  dark  fuscous  ;  cilia  as  in  forewings. 

Duaringa,  Queensland ;  one  specimen  received  from  Mr.  G. 
Barnard. 

5.  Xysmatodoma,  Z. 

Head  shortly  rough-haired ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue  absent. 
Antennae  from  under  i  to  f ,  in  $  flatly  subdentate  or  almost 
filiform,  ciliated  (1-2),  basal  joint  with  pecten.  Labial  palpi 
moderate  or  short,  subascending  or  porrected,  second  joint  with 
loose  or  rough  projecting  scales  beneath  or  rarely  tufted  in  front, 
terminal  joint  shorter  than  second,  tolerably  pointed.  Maxillary 
palpi  rudimentary  or  absent.  Posterior  tibiae  clothed  with  long 
hairs.  Forewings  with  vein  1  furcate,  rarely  2  and  3  stalked,  7 
and  8  stalked  or  coincident,  7  when  present  running  to  apex  or 
hindmargin,  8  and  9  sometimes  stalked,  11  from  before  middle. 
Hindwings  1,  elongate-ovate,  cilia  1-^ ;  veins  4  and  5  sometimes 
stalked,  6  and  7  somewhat  approximated  at  base. 

Hitherto  only  known  as  containing  two  European  species,  this 
genus  reaches  a  considerable  degree  of  development  in  Australia, 
and  may  be  regarded  as  the  type  of  one  main  group  of  the  family. 
The  European  genus  Talaeporia  only  differs  from  it  in  the  apterous 
Q,  and  as  that  sex  is  unknown  in  some  of  the  following  species,  it 
is  conceivable  that  representatives  of  Talaeporia  may  hereafter  be 
found  among  them.  In  Xysmatodoma  the  ^  is  usually  somewhat 
smaller  than  the  (J,  but  always  fully  winged.  The  larvae  are  all 
case-bearers,  and  feed  either  on  lichens  or  indiscriminately  on 
various  plants. 

1.  Palpi  with  second  joint  tufted  in  front 11.  manrella. 

Palpi  with  second  joint  not  tufted 2. 

2.  Head  ochreous-yellow 3. 

Head  not  yellow 7. 

3.  Forewings  with  yellow  markings 4. 

Forewings  with  white  markings 5. 


BY    E.  MEYRICK. 

4.  Hindwiugs  yellow 28.  carlotta. 

Hindwings  dark  fuscous 29.  chrysopetala. 

5.  Fore  wings  with  white  marginal  spots 36.  chrysura. 

Forewings  with  transverse  fasciae 6 . 

6.  Forewings  with  fascite  only 35.  inelanarthra. 

Forewings  with  spots  and  fasciae 8.  glabrella. 

7.  Hindwings  white 26.  apochroa. 

Hindwings  not  white 8. 

8.  Abdomen  yellowish 34.  trifasciana. 

Abdomen  not  yellowish 9. 

9.  Forewings  with  ground  colour  white,  with- 

out strigulse 10. 

Forewings  with  ground  colour  not  white, 

or  if  white,  with  darker  strigulse 13. 

10.  Forewings  with  posterior  fascia  furcate  at 

anal  angle 31.  hasiferana. 

Forewings  with  posterior  fascia  not  furcate 

beneath 11. 

1 1 .  Forewings  with  posterior  fascia  confluent 

with  submarginal  streak  beneath 33.  characota. 

Forewings  with  posterior  fascia  not   con- 
fluent with  submarginal  streak 12. 

12.  Forewings  with  markings  slender,  sharply 

defined 32.  catajyhracta. 

Forewings  with  markings  moderately  broad, 

irregular 30.  havialitha. 

13.  Forewings  pale  brownish-ochreous 27.  pelochroa. 

Forewings  not  brownish-ochreous  14. 

14.  Hindwings     distinctly    strigulated     with 

darker 16.  saxosa. 

Hindwings  not  strigulated 15. 

15.  Hindwings  dark  fuscous 16. 

Hindwings  not  dark  fuscous 22. 

16.  Forewings  with  clear  white  spots 17. 

Forewings  without  white  spots 18. 


492  DESCRIPTIONS    OF    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

17.  Fore  wings  with  eleven  spots 9.   FraiienfeldL 

Forewings  with  spots  numerous,  indefinite  10.  stellaris. 

18.  Forewings  with  dark  fasci;e  more  or  less 

defined 19. 

Forewings  without  indication  of  fascite....  21. 

19.  Forewings  with   vein    7   absent,   8   and   9 

stalked  or  from  point 23.  'pliaulodes. 

Forewings  with  veins  7   and  8  stalked,  9 

separate 20. 

20.  Size  above  21  mm 17.  adelojns. 

Size  below  16  mm 22.  reticulata. 

21.  Size  large 18.  Guildingi. 

Size  very  small 24.  injginaea. 

22.  Head  light  brownish-ochreous 19.  charitodes. 

Head  not  ochreous.  23. 

23.  Forewings  with  vein  7  absent 24. 

Forewings  with  vein  7  present  

24.  Forewings  without  darker  markings 25.  nephelodes. 

Forewings  with  darker  markings 25. 

25.  Head  grey 20.    crepuscular  is. 

Head  white 26. 

26.  Forewings   with    dark    linear   mark   from 

costa  at  1^ 12.  zonarcha. 

Forewings  without  dark  linear  mark  from 

costa  at  1 15.  prutorna. 

27.  Forewings  with  distinctwhitish  antemedian 

fascia 21.  heUochares. 

Forewings  without  whitish  fascia 28. 

28.  Forewings  much  dilated  ;  size  28  mm 13.   euryptera. 

Forewings  not  dilated  ;  size  17  mm 14.   lasiocola. 

8.  Xysm.  glabrella^  Walk. 

(Sentica  glabrella,  Walk.  508.) 

jj.   17  mm.      Head  light  yellowish.     Thorax   blackish.     Fore- 
wings elongate,  blackish;  markings  white  ;  a  rather  narrow  fascia 


BY    E.   MEYRICK.  493 

at  ^  ;  a  spot  on  costa  beyond  middle,  and  a  smaller  one  at  |  ;  a 
small  spot  on  inner  margin  at  |  ;  a  narrow  fascia  from  i  of  costa 
to  anal  angle  ;  a  small  mark  at  apex,  and  one  or  two  dots  on 
hindmargin  below  it.      Hindwings  dark  fuscous. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales  ;  I  liave  described  the  type  in  the 
British  Museum,  which  is  the  only  specimen  I  have  seen  ;  I  have 
not  been  able  to  examine  it  accurately  for  structure,  but  have 
little  doubt  of  its  position,  though  it  might  be  a  Lepidoscia. 

d.  Xysin.  Frauenfeldi,  Scott. 
(Oecobia  Fraiienfeldi,  Scott,  Anstr.  Lep.  27,  pi.  ix.) 
5.   18  mm.     Forewings  elongate,  ))urp]ish-black  ;  about  eleven 
white  spots  irregularly  scattered  throughout.      Hindwings   dark 
fuscous. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales.  Larva  blackish,  head  and  segments 
2-4  testaceous  spotted  with  brown  ;  feeds  on  Euccdyptus  ;  case 
cylindrical,  formed  of  silk  covered  with  small  twigs  placed 
longitudinally.  T  have  not  seen  this  species  ;  a  single  specimen 
was  bred  by  Scott,  and  the  above  account  is  taken  from  him. 

10.   Xijiiin.  stellaris,  n.sp. 

§.  20  mm.  Head,  palpi,  antennae,  thorax,  abdomen,  and  legs 
dark  fuscous.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex 
rounded,  hindmargin  obliquely  rounded ;  7  absent;  dark  fuscous; 
numei'ous  small  scattered  well-defined  white  spots,  on  anterior  half 
})artially  coalescing  to  form  transverse  marks  or  incomplete  slender 
fasciis;  a  more  conspicuous  transverse  white  spot  on  middle  of 
inner  margin  :  cilia  fuscous,  basal  half  dark  fuscous.  Hindwings 
dark  fuscous ;  cilia  as  in  forewings. 

Melbourne,  Victoria  ;  one  specimen  received  from  Mr.  G.  H. 
Ray  nor.  The  number  of  spots  is  much  greater  than  in  the 
preceding  species,  especially  in  the  posterior  half  of  wing. 

11.  Xysm.  maurella,  Walk. 
(Tinea  maiirella,  Walk.  483). 
5.   24-26  mm.       Head,  palpi,  antennae,  thorax,  abdomen,  and 
legs  dark  fuscous ;  palpi   with  scales  of  second  joint  forming  a 


494  DESCRIPTIONS    OP   AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

dense  projecting  tuft  in  front ;  antennae  urfder  ^  ;  legs  obscurely 
ringed  with  whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  moderately  arclied, 
apex  obtuse,  hindmavgin  obliquely  rounded  ;  7  absent ;  dark 
fuscous,  mixed  with  blackish  scales,  tending  to  form  transverse 
strigulae  :  cilia  dark  fuscous,  mixed  with  blackish,  terminal  half 
spotted  with  whitish-ochreous  (imperfect).  Hindwings  and  cilia 
dark  grey. 

Newcastle  and  Mittagong,  New  South  Wales ;  in  March,  two 
specimens.  This  species  can  be  distinguished  from  all  the  rest  of 
the  genus  by  the  tufted  palpi ;  it  is  otherwise  very  obscure  in 
appearance,  but  possibly  the  ^  may  present  additional  characters, 
involving  its  separation  from  the  genus. 

12.  Xysm.  zonarcha,  n.sp. 

$.  15-17  mm.  Head  white,  face  and  palpi  fuscous  or  dark 
fuscous.  Antennae  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  dark  grey,  mixed  with 
white  posteriorly.  Abdomen  grey-whitish,  anal  tuft  white.  Legs 
dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  costa 
moderately  arched,  apex  rounded,  hindmargin  very  obliquely 
rounded  ;  7  absent ;  white,  transversely  strigulated  with  dark 
fuscous  ;  an  irregular  rather  outwardly  oblique  dark  fuscous  fascia 
from  f  of  costa,  reaching  more  than  half  across  wing  ;  a  rather 
inwardly  oblique  dark  fuscous  linear  mark  from  f  of  costa, 
reaching  half  across  wing :  cilia  white.  Hindwings  grey ;  cilia 
whitish-grey,  base  darker. 

Duaringa,  Queensland ;  three  specimens  received  from  Mr.  G. 
Barnard,  taken  in  January.  The  species  is  very  distinct  by  the 
two  conspicuous  marks  from  costa,  sharply  defined  strigulation, 
and  very  rounded  forewings. 

13.  Xysni.  euryptera,  nsTp. 

(J.  28  mm.  Head  and  palpi  grey-whitish.  Antennae  grey. 
Thorax  and  abdomen  grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints 
and  posterior  pair  grey- whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  much 
dilated   posteriorly,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  very  obtuse. 


BY    E.   MEYRICK.  495 

hindmargin  rounded,  little  oblique;  7  and  8  stalked;  pale  fuscous- 
grey,  densely  strewn  with  whitish  scales,  and  transversely  strigu- 
lated  with  dark  fuscous ;  a  distinct  transverse  linear  dark  fuscous 
mark  in  disc  above  middle  at  §  :  cilia  fuscous-whitish,  base  more 
fuscous-tinged.  Hindwings  whitish-fuscous  ;  cilia  as  in  forewings. 
Duaringa,  Queensland ;  one  specimen  received  from  Mr.  G. 
Barnard.  Although  obscurely  marked,  it  is  readily  known  by  the 
peculiarly  dilated  and  obtuse  form  of  the  forewings,  and  large 
size. 

14.  Xysm.  lasiocola,  n.sp. 

(J.  17  mm.  Head,  palpi,  thorax,  and  abdomen  rather  light 
brown-grey.  Antennae  grey,  t-egs  dark  grey,  apex  of  joints 
tinged  with  whitish-ochreous.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  mode- 
rately arched,  apex  obtuse,  hindmargin  obliquely  rounded ;  7  and 
8  stalked  ;  grey-whitish,  closely  strigulated  transversely  and 
reticulated  with  fuscous,  forming  two  or  three  larger  and  darker 
fuscous  spots  on  posterior  half  of  costa :  cilia  fuscous-whitish, 
basal  third  with  alternate  fuscous  and-  whitish  quadrate  spots. 
Hindwings  grey,  thinly  scaled;  cilia  grey,  more  whitish  towards 
tips. 

Mount  Kosciusko,  New  South  Wales ;  one  specimen  taken 
on  the  very  summit  of  the  mountain  (7200  feet),  in  January.  An 
inconspicuous  insect,  distinguished  rather  by  the  absence  of  the 
special  characteristics  of  its  allies,  but  the  well-marked  spots  at 
the  base  of  cilia  of  forewings  are  a  good  point. 

15.  Xysyn.  2)rotorna,  n.sp. 

(J.  19-22  mm.  Head  white,  face  and  centre  of  crown  sometimes 
fuscous-tinged.  Palpi  fuscous,  beneath  whitish.  Antennae  grey- 
whitish.  Thorax  fuscous,  posteriorly  whitish,  generally  with  a 
whitish  anterior  dorsal  spot.  Abdomen  whitish-grey.  Legs  dark 
fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and  posterior  pair  grey-whitish.  Forewings 
elongate,  costa  rather  strongly  arched,  apex  obtuse,  hindmargin 
very  obliquely  rounded  ;  7  absent  ;  whitish-grey  or  white,  with 
scattered  more  or  less  indistinct  fuscous  or  dark  fuscous  strigulse ; 
a  rather  narrow  irregular  sometimes  ill-defined  dark  fuscous  fascia 


496  DESCRIPTIONS    OP    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

fi'oiii  ^  of  costa  to  middle  of  inner  margin,  more  or  less  interrupted 
on  lower  half  :  cilia  grey-whitish.  Hindwings  light  grey  ;  cilia 
whitish,  base  grey. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales;  at  the  end  of  February  and 
beginning  of  March,  eight  s{)ecimens,  mostly  taken  at  lamps. 
Especially  distinguished  by  the  peculiar  form  of  forewings,  white 
head,  and  form  of  a)itemedian  fascia. 

16.  Xysni.  sa.vosa,  n.sp. 

(Jj.  27-35  mm.  Plead,  palpi,  and  thorax  fuscous,  mixed  with 
grey-whitish.  Antennae  whitish.  Abdomen  grey.  Legs  dark 
fuscous,  posterior  tarsi  fuscous-whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  costa 
in  ^  moderately  arched,  in  ^  more  strongly  and  fringed  with  cilia, 
especially  on  anterior  half,  apex  obtuse,  hindmargin  obliquely 
rounded  ;  7  and  8  long-stalked  ;  pale  fuscous,  suflfused  with 
whitish,  transversely  strigulated  and  reticulated  with  dark  fus- 
cous ;  markings  formed  by  an  irregular  fuscous  or  dark  fuscous 
suffusion,  incompletely  defined  ;  a  fascia  near  base,  externally 
angulated  in  middle ;  a  small  quadrate  spot  on  inner  margin  at  | ; 
a  fascia  from  ?  of  costa  to  beyond  middle  of  inner  margin,  angu- 
lated on  submedian  fold  ;  three  quadrate  spots  on  costa  towards 
f ,  connected  by  a  broad  very  irregular  fascia  narrowed  downwards 
with  anal  angle  :  cilia  grey-whitish,  base  spotted  with  dark 
fuscous.  Hindwings  grey-whitish,  distinctly  strigulated  through- 
out with  gi*ey  ;  cilia  whitish. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales  ;  in  July,  six  specimens.  A  winter 
insect,  characterised  by  large  size  and  more  complex  marking, 
and  differing  from  all  the  rest  of  the  genus  by  the  well-marked 
strigulation  of  the  hindwings,  and  fringed  costa  of  forewings  of  9- 

17.  Xysm.  adeIo2)is,  n.sp. 

(JQ.  22-25  mm.  Head  fuscous,  sometimes  mixed  with  whitish 
on  crown.  Palpi  whitish,  above  dark  fuscous.  Antennie  whitish. 
Thorax  fuscous  mixed  with  whitish.  Abdomen  dark  fuscous,  some- 
times mixed  with  whitish,  anal  tuft  of  2  whitish-ochreous.  Legs 
dark   fuscous,  posterior   pair  grey-whitish.      Forewings  elongate. 


BY    E.   MEYRICK.  497 

rather  narrow,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  obtuse,  hindmargiii 
very  obliquely  rounded ;  7  and  8  stalked  ;  fuscous,  more  or  less 
sutFusedly  irrorated  with  whitish,  and  transversely  strigulated 
with  dark  fuscous ;  sometimes  a  small  dark  fuscous  spot  on  inner 
margin  before  middle  ;  a  moderate  dark  fuscous  fascia  from  I  of 
costa  to  beyoud  middle  of  inner  margin,  sometimes  perceptible 
towards  costa  only;  a  dark  fuscous  spot  on  costa  at  f,  aud  another 
at  anal  angle,  sometimes  little  indicated :  cilia  fuscous,  somewhat 
mixed  with  whitish.  Hindwings  rather  dark  fuscous  ;  cilia 
fuscous,  base  darker. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales  ;  from  February  to  June,  five 
specimens.  A  larval  case,  attributed  to  this  species,  is  nearly 
cylin-drical,  rather  curved,  granulated  with  grains  of  coarse  sand. 
Kecognisable  by  the  rather  narrow  forewings,  and  general  dark 
grey  colouring,  especially  of  the  hindwings. 

18.  Xys)n.  Guildingi^  Scott. 

(Conoeca  Gnildingi,  Scott,  Austr.  Lep.  27,  pi.  ix ;  C.  irrorea, 
Feld.,  Eeis.  Nov.  pi.  cxxxvin,  39,  40.) 

(J^.  22-30  mm.  Forewings  elongate  ;  grey,  evenly  strigulated 
with  darker.     Hindwings  rather  dark  fuscous. 

Sydney  and  Newcastle,  New  South  Wales.  Larva  blackish, 
head  and  segments  2-4  testaceous  ;  case  elongate-conical,  granu- 
lated with  fragments  of  bark,  &c. ;  feeds  on  Kunzea,  Leptospe7-7num, 
Juncus,  &c.  Although  this  species  is  represented  as  common,  I 
have  no  specimens  which  I  can  refer  to  it ;  the  above  description 
and  account  is  taken  from  the  authors  quoted. 

19.  Xysin.  charitodes,  n.sp. 

(J.  19  mm.  Head  light  brownish-ochreous,  face  and  palpi 
fuscous.  Antennae  and  thorax  fuscous.  Abdomen  grey,  anal 
tuft  pale  ochreous.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  whitish. 
Forewings  elongate,  costa  moderately  arched,  sinuate  in  middle, 
apex  obtuse,  liindmargin  slightly  rounded,  oblique  ;  7  absent  ; 
light  fuscous,  with  a  few  whitish  scales,  and  obscurely  strigulated 


498  DESCRIPTIONS    OF    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

with  darker  fuscous,  more  distinctly  on  costa  ;  a  dark  fuscous 
quadrate  spot  on  inner  margin  at  5 ;  a  dark  fuscous  irregular 
fascia  from  beneath  costa  before  middle  to  inner  margin  beyond 
middle,  preceded  and  followed  on  inner  margin  by  quadrate  spots 
of  whitish  suffusion  ;  an  indistinct  dark  fuscous  streak  from 
beneath  costa  near  apex  to  anal  angle  :  cilia  grey-Avhitish.  Hind- 
wings  light  grey  ;  cilia  grey-whitish. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  one  specimen  in  June.  Although 
an  obscure  species,  it  seems  to  be  sufficiently  distinguished  by  the 
ochreous  tinge  of  the  head,  form  of  foi'ewings,  and  light  grey 
hind  wings. 

20.  Xysm.  crepuscularis,  n.sp. 

^.  18  mm.  Head,  palpi,  thorax  and  abdomen  grey,  mixed 
with  whitish ;  abdomen  somewhat  ochreous-tinged  posteriorly. 
Antennae  fuscous.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  grey-whitish. 
Forewings  elongate,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  obtuse,  hind- 
margin  slightly  rounded,  rather  strongly  oblique;  7  absent;  grey, 
with  a  few  whitish  scales,  and  some  scattered  dark  fuscous  scales 
tending  to  form  short  strigulse,  especially  on  costa  and  inner 
margin ;  two  obscure  parallel  series  of  about  four  dark  fuscous 
dots  from  about  5  of  costa  to  g  of  inner  margin,  enclosed  space 
slightly  whitish  ;  a  well-marked  dark  fuscous  dot  in  disc  at  ^  : 
cilia  whitish-grey.     Hindwings  grey  ;  cilia  whitish-grey. 

Albany,  West  Australia  ;  one  specimen  in  September.  Also 
an  inconspicuous  species,  specially  characterised  by  the  peculiar 
markings  of  forewings. 

21.  Xysm.  heliochares,  n.sp. 

^2-  17-20  mm.  Head  and  palpi  whitish  mixed  with  dark 
fuscous.  Antennse  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  and  abdomen  grey 
mixed  with  whitish.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and 
posterior  pair  grey-whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  modei-ately 
arched,  apex  obtuse,  hindmargin  gently  rounded,  rather  strongly 
oblique ;  7  and  8  long-stalked  ;  in  ^  pale  fuscous,  irrorated  with 
whitish,  with  indistinct  scattered  fuscous  strigulse,  in  ^  whitish 
strigulated   with  blackish-fuscous  ;   a  straight  dark  fuscous   line 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  499 

from  ^  of  costa  to  middle  of  inner  mai-gin,  limiting  a  fuscous 
fascia  or  suffusion  extending  more  or  less  completely  to  base,  and 
followed  by  a  rather  broad  distinctly  white  or  whitish  fascia ;  in 
9  a  small  quadrate  dark  fuscous  spot  on  costa  in  middle ;  a  dark 
fuscous  irregular  fascia  from  |  of  costa  to  f  of  inner  margin,  and 
another  from  *  of  costa  to  anal  angle,  confluent  on  a  blackish- 
fuscous  dot  in  middle,  both  nearly  obsolete  in  ^  except  on  margins, 
but  discal  dot  conspicuous ;  costa  spotted  with  dark  fuscous 
towards  apex  :  cilia  grey-whitish,  in  9  mixed  with  dark  fuscous. 
Hindwings  grey  ;  cilia  in  ^  grey-whitish,  in  Q  grey. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales  ;  Melbourne,  Victoria ;  in  July  and 
August,  rather  common.  The  species  may  be  I'ecognised  by  the 
more  or  less  distinct  straight  oblique  whitish  band  of  the  fore- 
wings  ;  the  2  is  smaller  and  more  strongly  marked  than  the  ^. 
The  imago  flies  freely  in  the  sunshine. 

22.  Xysm.  reticulata,  n.sp. 

-^5.  12-15  mm.  Head  fuscous,  somewhat  mixed  with  whitish. 
Palpi  dark  fuscous,  beneath  whitish.  Antennae,  thorax,  and  abdo- 
men fuscous.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  grey-whitish. 
Forewings  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed, 
hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded  ;  7  and  8  long-stalked  ;  dark 
fuscous,  irrorated  with  numerous  small  cloudy  white  spots,  sharper 
and  tending  to  be  partially  confluent  in  9  ;  the  partial  absence  of 
these  produces  in  ^  darker  markings,  an  oblique  basal  patch,  an 
oblique  median  fascia,  and  two  posterior  fasciae  confluent  on 
lower  half  and  terminating  in  anal  angle,  all  ill-deflned  and  in  Q 
scarcely  traceable :  cilia  fuscous,  mixed  with  whitish  towards  tips. 
Hindwings  dark  fuscous ;  cilia  as  in  forewings. 

Melbourne  and  Fernshaw,  Victoria ;  in  September  and  Novem- 
ber, two  specimens.  This  inconspicuous  insect  is  smaller  than 
any  of  the  preceding,  but  not  so  small  as  the  next  two  species ; 
the  markings  are  very  obscure. 

23.  Xysm.  phaulodes,  n.sp. 

(J9.  10-12  mm.  Head,  palpi,  antennae,  thorax,  abdomen,  and 
legs  dark  fuscous ;   posterior  legs  whitish.     Forewings  elongate. 


500  DESCRIPTIONS    OF    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  very  obliquely 
rounded ;  7  absent,  8  and  9  from  a  point  or  short-stalked  ;  in  ^ 
dark  fuscous,  irregularly  and  obscurely  irrorated  with  white, 
which  forms  a  suffusion  in  disc  towards  base,  a  cloudy  straight 
median  fascia,  and  some  scattered  posterior  dots ;  in  ^  white, 
strigulated  throughout  with  dark  fuscous,  with  irregular  dark 
fuscous  fasciae  before  and  beyond  middle,  the  latter  furcate 
towards  costa :  cilia  i-ather  dark  fuscous,  with  a  few  white  scales. 
Hindwings  and  cilia  dark  fuscous. 

Hobart,  Tasmania ;  in  March,  five  specimens  bred  from  cases 
found  on  a  fence';  the  description  of  the  case  was  unfortunately 
lost.  Very  similar  to  the  preceding  and  following,  but  the 
neuration  is  peculiar  and  seems  the  best  distinction  ;  the  mark- 
ings, though  not  identical,  ai'e  so  ill-defined  that  they  are  hard  to 
trace. 

24.  Xysm.  2>yginaea,  n.sp. 

$.  8  mm.  Head,  palpi,  antennse,  thorax,  and  abdomen  fuscous; 
legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and  posterior  pair  fuscous-whitish. 
Forewings  elongate,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  roundpointed, 
hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded  ;  7  absent  ;  dark  fuscous, 
with  numerous  scattered  small  obscure  spots  of  whitish-ochreous 
or  whitish-fuscous  scales  :  cilia  fuscous,  with  some  fuscous-whitish 
scales.      Hindwings  rather  dark  fuscous  ;  cilia  fuscous. 

Mount  Victoria  (3000  feet\  New  South  Wales  ;  four  specimens 
in  November,  in  a  forest  gully.  The  small  size  and  absence  of 
definite  markings  will  distinguish  it  from  all  the  rest. 

25.  Xysm.  nephelodes,  n.sp. 
^.  15-18  mm.  Head  and  antenna?  whitish  or  fiiscous-whitish 
Palpi  dark  fuscous,  beneath  wliitish.  Thorax  pale  grey.  Abdo 
men  whitish-grey.  Legs  dark  grey,  posterior  pair  whitish.  Fore 
wings  elongate,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  roundpointed 
hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded  ;  7  absent ;  grey,  densely  and 
suffusedly  irrorated  throughout  with  white  :  cilia  grey-whitish 
Hindwings  whitish-grey  ;  cilia  grey-whitish. 


BY    E.   MEYRICK.  501 

Sydney,  Blackheatli  (3500  feet),  and  Shoalhaven,  New  South 
Wales ;  from  October  to  January,  five  specimens  amongst  rocks. 
Easily  known  by  tlie  uniform  whitish-grey  colouring. 

26.  Xysin.  apcchroa,  n.sp. 

$.  13-14  mm.  Head,  palpi,  anteunjie,  thorax,  and  abdomen 
white.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  white.  Forewings 
elongate,  rather  narrow,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed, 
hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded ;  7  and  8  stalked  ;  white  : 
cilia  white.      Hindwings  and  cilia  white. 

Mount  Lofty  (2000  feet).  South  Australia ;  two  specimens  in 
October.  This  must  not  be  confused  with  the  equally  white 
Lepidoscia  palleuca. 

27.  Xysm.  pelochroa,  n.sp. 

1^.  12-13  mm.  Head  and  palpi  ochreous-whitish.  Antennse 
light  fuscous.  Thorax  pale  brownish-ochreous.  Abdomen  dark 
fuscous.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  ))Osterior  pair  ochreous-whitish. 
Forewings  elongate,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  obtuse,  hind- 
margin  rounded,  rather  strongly  oblique  ;  7  and  8  stalked  ;  pale 
brownish-ochreous,  with  scattered  fuscous  scales,  tending  to  form 
indistinct  strigulaj ;  sometimes  two  or  three  small  fuscous  spots  on 
inner  margin  :  cilia  whitish-ochreous.  Hindwings  dark  fuscous  ; 
cilia  fuscous,  mixed  with  whitisli-ochreous  towards  tips. 

Brisbane,  Queensland  ;  three  specimens  amongst  dense  scrub  in 
September.  Differs  from  all  in  the  uniform  brownish-ochreous 
forewings. 

28.   Xysm.  carlotta,  n.sp. 

(^.  12-14  mm.  Head  ochreous-yellow.  Palpi,  antennae,  and 
thorax  dark  fuscous.  Abdomen  dark  fuscous,  beneath  ochreous- 
yellow.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and  posterior  pair 
ochreous-yellowish.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  gently  ai'ched,  apex 
roundpointed,  hindmargin  rounded,  rather  strongly  oblique;  7 
absent  ;  clear  ochreous-yellow  ;  markings  dark  fuscous  ;  a  streak 
along  basal  -|  of  costa,  extended  at  base  to  inner  margin  ;  a 
moderate  straight  fascia  from  before  middle  of  costa  to  beyond 


502  DESCRIPTIONS    OF   AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

middle  of  inner  margin ;  a  straight  narrower  fascia  from  |  of  costa 
to  anal  angle ;  a  variable  fascia  from  costa  before  apex  to  second 
fascia  below  middle,  sometimes  connected  with  it  also  by  a  bar 
above  middle,  sometimes  extending  sufFusedly  to  apex  and  hind- 
margin  so  as  to  become  marginal :  cilia  dark  fuscous,  sometimes 
mixed  with  whitish-yellowish  towards  tips.  Hindwings  pale 
ochreous-yellow ;  a  variable  marginal  band  of  dark  fuscous  irrora- 
tion  from  apex  to  below  middle  of  hindmargin,  narrowed  down- 
wards ;  cilia  as  in  forewings. 

Sydney  (Parramatta),  New  South  Wales;  in  May,  six  specimens 
flying  in  the  early  morning  sunshine  at  6  a.m.  I  took  them  on 
different  mornings,  but  never  saw  them  at  any  other  time  of  day  ; 
it  is  an  elegant  and  very  distinct  species. 

29.  Xysm.  chi^ysopetala,  n.sp, 

^.  12mm.  Head  ochreous-yellow.  Palpi,  antennse,  and  thorax 
dark  fuscous.  Abdomen  dark  fuscous,  beneath  pale  yellowish. 
Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and  posterior  pair  ochreous- 
whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex 
roundpointed,  hindmargin  rounded,  rather  strongly  oblique ;  7 
absent;  clear  ochreous-yellow;  a  dark  purplish-fuscous  streak 
along  basal  third  of  costa,  extended  at  base  to  inner  margin  ; 
apical  half  beyond  a  straight  line  from  middle  of  costa  to  beyond 
middle  of  inner  margin  wholly  dark  purplish-fuscous,  except  a 
yellow  spot  on  costa  at  f ,  and  another  on  inner  margin  at  f  :  cilia 
dark  purplish-fuscous.     Hindwings  and  cilia  dark  purplish-fuscous. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  two  specimens  on  fences  in  Sep- 
tember.    Also  very  distinct. 

30.  Xysm.  hamalitha,  n.sp. 

9.  16  mm.  Head  and  antennse  white.  Palpi  white,  terminal 
joint  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  fuscous.  Abdomen  grey-whitish. 
Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and  posterior  pair  whitish. 
Forewings  elongate,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  obtuse,  hind- 
margin obliquely  rounded ;  7  absent  ;  white,  with  a  few  scattered 


BY    E.  MEVRICK.  503 

t'uscons  or  dark  fuscous  scales ;  markings  fuscous  mixed  with  dark 
fuscous  ;  a  small  spot  on  base  of  costa ;  a  small  ill-defined  spot  in 
disc  near  base ;  a  moderate  fascia  from  I  of  costa  to  middle  of 
inner  margin,  slightly  angulated  in  middle;  a  rather  irregular  fascia 
from  I  of  costa  to  anal  angle;  a  wedge-shaped  spot  on  costa  before 
apex  ;  an  elongate  spot  on  hindmargin  below  apex  :  cilia  white, 
opposite  wing-markings  fuscous.  Hindwings  grey  ;  cilia  whitish- 
grey,  basal  third  rather  dark  fuscous. 

Toowoomba  (3000  feet),  Queensland  ;  Mount  Lofty  (2000  feet), 
South  Australia ;  two  specimens  amongst  rocks. 

31.   Xysm.  basiferana,  Walk. 

(SciaphilQ,  basiferana,  Walk.  350.) 

(JQ.  12-15  mm.  Head  white.  Palpi  and  antennae  dark  fuscous. 
Thorax  dark  fuscous,  posterior  extremity  white.  Abdomen  grey, 
anal  tuft  ochreous-whitish.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and 
posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  rather  strongly 
arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  rounded,  rather  strongly 
oblique  ;  7  absent ;  white  ;  markings  blackish-fuscous  ;  a  narrow 
basal  mark,  somewhat  produced  along  costa ;  a  rather  narrow 
fascia  from  g  of  costa  to  middle  of  inner  margin ;  a  fascia  from 
about  I  of  costa  to  anal  angle,  furcate  at  both  extremities,  upper 
anterior  fork  sometimes  obsolete ;  a  series  of  small  spots  along 
hindmargin  and  apical  part  of  costa  :  cilia  white,  base  marked 
with  dark  fuscous  opposite  wing-markings.  Hindwings  pale  grey  ; 
cilia  ochreous-whitish. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  bred  rather  freely  in  September 
and  October.  Larva  16-legged,  stout,  legs  long,  head  small; 
whitish-grey ;  head  and  2nd  segment  black,  3rd  segment  with  a 
narrow  dark  grey  transverse  plate :  feeds  in  a  portable  case  on 
lichens  on  damp  rocks  and  fences,  in  August  and  September : 
case  cylindrico-conical,  broadest  at  J  above  mouth,  finely  granu- 
lated, whitish-green-grey  ;  mouth  very  oblique,  apex  rather  bluntly 
flattened. 

35 


504  DESCRIPTIONS    OF    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 


32.  Xysm.  cataphracta,  n.sp. 

^9.  15-17  mm.  Head  white.  Palpi;  antennse,  and  thorax 
dark  fuscou.s.  Abdomen  pale  grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of 
joints  and  posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  costa 
moderately  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  obliquely 
rounded ;  7  absent ;  white  ;  markings  dark  fuscous ;  a  narrow 
basal  mark,  somewhat  produced  along  costa ;  three  slender  some- 
what irregular  fasciae  ;  first  at  ^,  not  reaching  costa  ;  second  from 
before  middle  of  costa  to  middle  of  inner  margin ;  third  from  § 
of  costa  to  anal  angle ;  a  dot  on  inner  margin  before  third  fascia ; 
a  short  transverse  mark  from  costa  before  apex ;  a  slender  streak 
along  hindmargin  from  apex  to  near  anal  angle  :  cilia  white,  base 
dark  fuscous  opposite  wing- markings.  Hind  wings  in- ,^  whitish- 
grey,  in  2  grey  ',  cilia  whitish. 

Hobart,  Tasmania  ;  Adelaide,  South  Australia ;  in  October  and 
December,  two  specimens.  The  markings  are  more  slender  than 
in  any  of  the  allied  species. 

33.   Xysm.  characota,  n.sp. 

(J.  13-15  mm.  Head  white.  Palpi,  antennae,  and  thorax  dark 
fuscous.  Abdomen  grey-whitish.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of 
joints  and  posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  costa 
moderately  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  obliquely 
rounded  ;  7  and  8  stalked  ;  white ;  markings  dark  fuscous ;  a 
narrow  basal  mark,  somewhat  produced  along  costa ;  an  erect 
fascia-like  mark  from  inner  margin  at  \,  reaching  more  than  half 
across  wing;  a  moderate  fascia  from  before  middle  of  costa  to 
beyond  middle  of  inner  margin ;  a  slightly  inwards-angulated 
fascia  from  §  of  costa  to  anal  angle,  where  it  coalesces  with  a 
slender  submarginal  fascia  from  costa  before  apex ;  sometimes 
some  dark  fuscous  scales  on  hindmargin  :  cilia  white.  Hindwings 
whitish-grey ;  cilia  whitish. 

Sydney  and  Blackheath  (3500  feet),  New  South  Wales ;  Mel- 
bourne, Victoria ;  in  February  and  April,  three  specimens. 


BY    E.   MEYRICK.  505 

34.  Xysm.  trifasciana,  Walk. 
(Penthina  trifasciana,  Walk.  377.) 

^.  16-17  mm.  Head  white.  Palpi  and  antennae  dark  fuscous. 
Thorax  dark  fuscous,  posterior  extremity  white.  Abdomen  pale 
yellowish-ochreous.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  pale 
yellowish-ochreous.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  rather  strongly 
arched,  apex  obtuse,  hindmargin  obliquely  rounded ;  7  and  8 
stalked  ;  white  ;  markings  purple- blackish  ;  a  narrow  basal  mai'k, 
produced  along  costa,  sometimes  reaching  first  fascia ;  three 
moderately  broad  fascise  ;  first  at  \,  sometimes  running  into  second 
l)eneath  costa;  second  from  before  middle  of  costa  to  beyond 
middle  of  inner  mai-gin;  third  from  about  f  of  costa  to  anal  angle, 
dilated  and  furcate  on  costa  ;  sometimes  a  slender  streak  along 
upper  half  of  hindmargin :  cilia  whitish-ochreous,  towards  tips 
dark  fuscous,  base  also  dark  fuscous  opposite  wing-markings. 
Hindwings  dark  grey,  towards  inner  margin  sometimes  suffused 
with  pale  ochreous-yellowish ;  cilia  grey,  on  inner  mai-gin  pale 
ochreous-yellowish. 

Brisbane,  Queensland;  Sydney,  New  South  Wales;  in  April, 
three  specimens.  Although  the  form  of  variation  is  curious  and 
exceptional,  I  have  no  doubt  that  the  specimens  described  belong 
to  the  same  species. 

35.   Xysm.  vielanarthra,  n.sp, 

9.  10  mm.  Head  pale  ochreous-yellowi.sh.  Palpi,  antennae, 
and  thorax  dark  fuscous.  Abdomen  dark  fuscous,  posteriorly 
mixed  with  pale  yellowish,  anal  tuft  ochreous-yellow.  I-egs  dark 
fuscous,  apex  of  joints  whitish-ochreous.  Forewings  elongate, 
costa  rather  strongly  arched,  apex  obtuse,  hindmargin  obliquely 
rounded  ;  7  absent  ;  yellowish-white  ;  markings  purple-blackish  ; 
a  large  basal  patch,  outer  edge  extending  from  \  of  costa  to  I  of 
inner  margin,  curved  ;  a  rather  broad  fascia  from  before  middle 
of  costa  to  beyond  middle  of  inner  margin  ;  a  fascia  from  about 
I  of  costa  to  anal  angle,  dilated  and  furcate  towards   costa ;  a 


506  DESCRIPTIONS    OP   AUSTRALIAN   MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

narrow  line  along  upper  half  of  hindmargin  :  cilia  whitish,  basal 
half  dark  fuscous  opposite  wing-markings  (imperfect).  Hindwings 
and  cilia  dark  gi'ey. 

Albany,  West  Australia  ;  one  specimen  in  October. 

36.   Xysm.  chrysura,  n.sp. 

(J.  12-13  mm.  Head  ochreous-yellow,  face  dark  fuscous.  Palpi 
and  antennae  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  dark  fuscous,  posterior 
extremity  yellow-whitish.  Abdomen  ochreous-yellow,  basal  third 
dark  fuscous.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  whitish-yellowish. 
Forewings  elongate,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  obtuse,  hind- 
margin  obliquely  rounded ;  7  absent ;  dark  puiple-fuscous ;  four 
semi-oval  ochreous-white  spots,  two  on  inner  margin  in  middle 
and  before  anal  angle,  sometimes  confluent,  two  on  costa  beyond 
middle  and  at  g ;  an  irregular  ochreous-white  streak  along  upper 
I  of  hindmai-gin,  sometimes  interrupted :  cilia  fuscous.  Hind- 
wings  and  cilia  dark  grey. 

Albany,  West  Australia;  in  September  and  October,  four 
specimens. 

6.  Lepidoscia,  n.g. 

Head  rough-haired  ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue  absent.  Antennse 
|,  in  $  serrate,  strongly  ciliated  (2-3),  basal  joint  with  pecten. 
Labial  palpi  rather  short,  porrected,  loosely  scaled  or  sometimes 
with  long  rough  hairs,  second  joint  sometimes  with  two  or  three 
apical  bristles,  terminal  joint  modeiate,  tolerably  pointed.  Maxil- 
lary palpi  absent.  Posterior  tibiae  clothed  with  long  hairs.  Fore- 
wings  with  vein  1  furcate,  7  and  8  stalked  or  coincident,  rarely  8 
and  9  stalked,  7  when  present  n-unning  to  hindmargin,  1 1  from 
before  middle.  Hindwings  1,  elongate-ovate,  cilia  ^;  4  absent,  6 
and  7  sometimes  from  a  point. 

Doubtless  a  development  of  Xysmatodoma,  from  which  it  differs 
essentially  only  by  the  absence  of  vein  4  of  the  hindwings,  which 
is  clearly  coincident  with  5.  All  the  species  are  Australian. 
Probably  the  larvae  are  all  case-bearers,  as  in  Xysmatodoma.  I 
am  not  acquainted  with  the  ^  of  any  one  of  the  species,  and  it, is 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  507 

therefore  not  improbable  that  this  sex  may  be  apterous  ;  however, 
I  have  not  much  material  of  any  species. 

1.  Hindwings  with  black  basal  patch 37.  viagnifica. 

Hind  wings  without  black  basal  patch 2. 

2.  Head  yellowish 3. 

Head  not  yellowish 8. 

3.  Hindwings  partly  yellow 4. 

Hindwings  not  yellow 7. 

4.  Forewings    with    two    pale    fasciae   before 

middle 5. 

Forewings    with    one    pale    fascia    before 

middle 6. 

5.  Hindwings    with     dark    area    containing 

yellow  spots 38.  comochorn, 

Hindwings  with  dark  area  not  containing 

yellow  spots. 39.  magnella. 

6.  Hindwings  with  apical  third  dark  fuscous  43.  punctiferella. 
Hindwings  with  apical  I  fuscous 44.  tyrohathra. 

1.   Forewings  with  pale  subcocital  streak 40.  melitora. 

Forewings  without  pale  subcostal  streak...   45.  cMoropetala. 

8.  Forewings  wholly  white 50.  palleuca. 

Forewings  not  wholly  white 9. 

9.  Hindwings  grey-whitish 41 .  microsticha. 

Hindwings  grey 10. 

10.  Forewings  sharply   strigulated   with  dark 

fuscous 42.  strigulata. 

Forewings  not  strigulated 11. 

11.  Forewings  without  pale  markings 49.  raricoma. 

Forewings  with  pale  markings ...  12. 

12.  Forewings  with  fasciae 13. 

Forewings  with  pale  marginal  spots  only..   48.  cmiphiscia. 

13.  Forewings  grey  with  cloudy  whitish  fascise  47.  sciodesma. 
Forewings  whitish  with  narrow  well-defined 

dark  fascipe 46.  desmophthora. 


508  DESCRIPTIONS   OP    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

37.  Lep.  magnijica,  n.sp. 

^.  24  mm.  Head  black,  crown  mixed  with  ferruginous.  Palpi, 
antennae,  and  thorax  black ;  thorax  crested.  Abdomen  deep 
ochreous-yellow,  basal  third  and  subapical  ring  blackish.  Legs 
black,  posterior  tibiae  ochreous-orange.  Forewings  oblong,  costa 
gently  arched,  apex  rounded,  hindmargin  obliquely  rounded ;  7 
absent ;  purple-black,  sprinkled  with  pale  yellowish  ;  four  whitish- 
ochreous  fasciae,  on  costa  ochreous-yellowish ;  first  i^ear  base, 
narrow,  irregular,  not  reaching  costa  ;  second  at  ^,  moderate, 
outer  edge  angulated  in  middle ;  third  moderate,  interrupted  in 
middle,  extremities  of  both  halves  rounded ;  in  one  wing  a  small 
costal  spot  beyond  this  ;  fourth  from  costa  at  I  to  hindmargin 
above  anal  angle,  contracted  below  middle  :  cilia  dark  fuscous, 
with  a  whitish-ochreous  bar  on  fourth  fascia.  Hiudwings  ochreous- 
orange  ;  a  black  basal  patch,  indented  in  middle,  emitting  a  short 
streak  near  inner  margin  ;  a  black  discal  dot ;  a  rather  broad  dark 
fuscous  apical  blotch,  reaching  to  middle  of  hindmargin,  including 
a  yellow  dot  on  costa :  cilia  ochreous-yellow,  round  apical  blotch 
dark  fuscous. 

Ardrossan,  South  Australia ;  in  September ;  one  sjDecimen 
(Adelaide  Museum).  This  and  the  next  species  differ  from  the 
rest  in  the  long  rough  hairs  of  the  palpi,  and  this  species  is  also 
peculiar  in  the  possession  of  a  thoracic  crest ;  in  other  respects 
there  is  no  essential  difference,  and  the  forms  can  be  conveniently 
included  together. 

38.  Zep.  comochora,  n.sp. 

^.  25-26  mm.  Head  orange  or  ochreous-yellow,  face  blackish. 
Palpi,  antennae,  thorax,  and  legs  blackish.  Abdomen  blackish, 
beneath  pale  ochreous-yellowish.  Forewings  elongate,  postex'iorly 
somewhat  dilated,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  obtuse,  hindmargin 
obliquely  rounded ;  7  absent ;  blackish ;  markings  whitish- 
ochreous  ;  a  fascia  near  base,  attenuated  upwards,  not  quite 
reaching  costa ;  a  fascia-like  blotch  from  inner  margin  before 
middle,  sometimes  almost  reaching  a  small  spot  or  dot  on  costa  at 
I ;   a    moderate    rounded    spot    on    middle    of    costa,  sometimes 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  509 

including  a  black  costal  dot,  and  another  on  inner  margin  before 
anal  angle  ;  a  rather  irregular  blotch  on  costa  about  |,  including 
a  black  costal  dot ;  a  spot  on  hindmargin  above  anal  angle ;  a 
small  spot  on  costa  before  apex  :  cilia  rather  dark  fuscous.  Hind- 
wings  ochreous-yellow ;  a  narrow  dark  fuscous  hindmarginal 
fascia,  forming  two  strong  triangular  projections  below  middle, 
and  merged  in  a  large  apical  irregularly  defined  dark  fuscous 
patch,  which  contains  three  ochreous-yellow  spots,  sometimes 
partly  confluent  or  connected  with  disc ;  cilia  dark  fuscous. 

Melbourne,  Victoria  ;  two  specimens  received  from  Mr.  G.  H, 
Raynor  and  Mr.  J.  A.  Kershaw. 

39.  Lep.  magnella,  Walk. 

( Incurvaria  magnella,  Walk.  489.) 

(J.  25  mm.  Head  yellowish,  face  fuscous.  Thorax  dark  fuscous. 
Forewings  elongate,  dark  fuscous  ;  markings  ochreous-yellow  ;  a 
fascia-like  spot  on  inner  margin  at  5,  attenuated  upwards,  not 
reaching  costa ;  a  moderate  straight  fascia  from  before  middle  of 
costa  to  middle  of  inner  margin ;  a  triangular  spot  on  inner 
margin  before  anal  angle;  a  transverse  mark  from  costa  at  |, 
almost  confluent  with  a  small  spot  on  hindmargin  below  middle. 
Hind  wings  dark  fuscous;  basal  third  ochreous-yellow. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales  ;  the  above  description  is  taken  from 
the  type  in  the  British  Museum,  which  is  the  only  one  known  to 
me. 

40.   Lep.  7)ielitora,  n.sp. 

jj.  15-16  mm.  Head  yellow-ochreous.  Palpi  and  antennae 
dark  fuscous.  Thorax  dark  fuscous,  sufl^used  with  ochreous 
posteriorly.  Abdomen  light  ochreous-yellowish.  Legs  dark 
fuscous,  posterior  pair  whitish-ochreous.  Forewings  elongate, 
costa  moderately  arched,  apex  rounded,  hindmargin  obliquely 
rounded ;  7  present ;  dark  fuscous,  more  or  less  strewn  with 
whitish-ochreous  dots ;  markings  whitish  ochreous,  yellowish- 
tinged;  a  subcostal  streak  from  base,  terminating  in  a  semicircular 
spot  on  middle  of  costa ;  an  irregular  spot  on  inner  margin  before 


510  DESCRIPTIONS   OF    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

middle,  and  a  semicircular  spot  before  anal  angle,  sometimes  con- 
fluent ;  a  spot  on  costa  at  |,  and  a  smaller  one  beyond  it ;  an 
irregular  cloudy  submarginal  streak  :  cilia  fuscous,  mixed  with 
whitisb-ochreous.     Hindwings  rather  dark  grey  ;  cilia  grey. 

Albany,  West  Australia  ;  three  specimens  in  September  and 
October. 

41.  Zep.  microsiicha,  n.sp. 

(J.  15-16  mm.  Head  white.  Palpi  and  antennae  dark  fuscous. 
Thorax  white,  suffused  with  fuscous  anteriorly.  Abdomen  whitish- 
grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings 
elongate,  costa .  moderately  arched,  apex  rounded,  hindmargin 
obliquely  rounded  ;  7  sometimes  present ;  white,  with  scattered 
fuscous  strigulffi,  most  marked  on  anterior  half  of  costa  ;  markings 
rather  dark  fuscous  ;  a  short  inwardly  oblique  streak  from  costa 
at  |,  apex  sometimes  bent  inwards  and  continued  as  a  subcostal 
streak  to  disc  at  J  ;  an  inwardly  oblique  streak  from  costa  at  |, 
and  an  outwardly  oblique  streak  from  anal  angle,  their  extremities 
sometimes  connected  ;  a  spot  on  costa  before  apex  ;  some  hind- 
marginal  dots,  sometimes  forming  a  connected  streak  :  cilia  white, 
on  costa  barred  with  dark  fuscous.  Hindwings  grey- whitish ;  cilia 
whitish. 

Albany  and  York,  West  Australia  ;  in  September  and  October, 
four  specimens. 

42.   Lep.  strigulata,  n.sp. 

^.  19  mm'.  Head  fnscous,  mixed  with  whitish  on  crown. 
Palpi  and  antennae  dai'k  fuscous.  Thorax  and  abdomen  fuscous. 
Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  fuscous-whitish.  Forewings 
elongate,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  rounded,  hindmargin 
obliquely  rounded ;  7  absent ;  whitish,  strongly  strigulated  and 
reticulated  throughout  with  rather  dark  fuscous  ;  two  or  three 
more  conspicuous  dark  fuscous  marks  on  costa  about  ^,  with 
obsolete  indications  of  a  darker  fascia  connected  with  them,  and 
two  or  three  other  similar  marks  on  costa  about  f  :  cilia  fuscous- 
whitish,  base  more  fuscous-tinged.  Hindwings  pale  fuscous;  cilia 
as  in  forewings. 

Ai'drossan,  South  Australia ;  one  specimen  in  January. 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  511 

43.  Lej).  2^unctiferelloj,  Walk, 

(Sentica  'pxhiictiferella,  "Walk.  508.) 

(J.  21  mm.  Head  light  yellowish,  face  fuscous.  Thorax  dark 
fuscous.  Forewings  elongate,  dark  fuscous  ;  markings  whitish  ;  a 
narrow  fascia  from  middle  of  costa  to  middle  of  inner  margin  ;  a 
transverse  bar  from  costa  at  f,  reaching  more  than  half  across 
wing  j  a  row  of  small  cloudy  spots  along  hindmargin  and  round 
apex.     Hind  wings  light  ochreous-yellow  ;  apical  third  dark  fuscous. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  the  only  specimen  I  have  seen  is 
the  type  in  the  British  Museum,  from  which  the  above  description 
is  drawn. 

44.  Leii.  tyrohatlira,  n.sp. 

$.  20-25  mm.  Head  ochreous-yellowish,  face  mixed  with 
fuscous.  Palpi  and  antennse  fuscous.  Thorax  fuscous,  anterior 
margin  yellowish.  Abdomen  pale  ochreous-yellowish.  Legs  dark 
fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and  posterior  tibise  whitish-ochreous. 
Forewings  elongate,  costa  rather  strongly  arched,  apex  obtuse, 
hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded  ;  7  absent ;  8  and  9  stalked  ; 
rather  dark  fuscous  ;  markings  whitish-ochreous  ;  a  basal  dot ;  a 
small  elongate  spot  on  inner  margin  at  ^ ;  a  moderate  irregular 
fascia  before  middle,  broadly  dilated  on  costa,  where  it  includes 
two  or  three  dark  strigulse ;  a  moderate  spot  on  costa  at  f ,  and 
another  on  inner  margin  before  anal  angle  ;  an  irregular  sub- 
marginal  series  of  cloudy  dots  :  cilia  pale  fuscous,  base  darker. 
Hindwings  fuscous  ,  basal  third  pale  ochreous-yellowish  ;  cilia 
fuscous,  on  inner  margin  whitish-yellowish. 

Melbourne,  Victoria ;  two  specimens  received  from  Mr.  G.  H. 
Raynor  and  Mr.  J.  A.  Kershaw, 

45.  Lej).  chloroj)etala,  n.sp 

(J.  15  mm.  Head  whitish-ochreous,  yellowish-tinged.  Palpi, 
antennse,  and  thorax  dark  fuscous.  Abdomen  grey.  Legs  dark 
fuscous,  posterior  pair  ochreous-whitish.  Forewings  elongate, 
costa  gently  arched,  apex  obtuse,  hindmargin  rounded,  rather 
strongly    oblique ;    7    absent ;    rather    dark    fuscous ;    markings 


512  DESCRIPTIONS    OF   AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTKRA, 

"whitish-ochreous,  yellowish-tinged  ;  a  large  triangular  blotch  ex- 
tending on  inner  margin  from  near  base  to  middle,  its  apex  nearly 
reaching  costa  at  ? ;  a  large  subquadrate  spot  on  inner  margin 
before  anal  angle ;  a  small  spot  on  costa  beyond  middle,  and 
another  at  |  :  cilia  fuscous.     Hindwings  and  cilia  grey. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales  ;  one  specimen  in  August. 

46.  Lep.  desiii02)hthora,  n.sp. 

(J.  17  mm.  Head  whitish.  Palpi  and  antennae  dark  fuscous. 
Thorax  dark  fuscous,  with  a  cloudy  whitish  anterior  spot.  Abdomen 
grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  grey-whitish.  Forewings 
elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  obtuse,  hindmargin  rounded, 
rather  strongly  oblique ;  7  absent ;  ochreous-whitish  ;  markings 
rather  dark  fuscous  ;  a  streak  along  basal  third  of  costa,  extended 
at  base  to  inner  margin  ;  a  moderately  broad  fascia  from  ?  of 
costa  to  ?  of  inner  margin,  suddenly  strongly  attenuated  on  costal 
fourth  ;  a  somewhat  irregular  fascia  from  t  of  costa  to  anal  angle  ; 
some  fuscous  scales  on  hindmargin  :  cilia  pale  whitish-fuscous, 
mixed  with  ochreous-whitish.  Hindwings  grey ;  cilia  whitish- 
grey. 

Wiri'abara,  South  Australia  ;  one  specimen  in  October. 

47.  Lcp.  sciodesma,  n.sp. 

(J.  13-15  mm.  Head  whitish.  Palpi,  antennse,  thorax,  abdomen 
and  legs  dark  grey ;  posterior  legs  grey-whitish.  Forewings 
elongate  ;  costa  gently  arched,  apex  obtuse,  hindmargin  rounded, 
rather  strongly  oblique  ;  7  absent ;  grey ;  markings  formed  by  a 
whitish  suffusion  ;  two  rather  broad  very  ill-defined  cloudy  fasciae, 
first  from  ?  of  costa  to  before  middle  of  inner  margin,  second  from 
f  of  costa  to  anal  angle ;  a  cloudy  suffusion  towards  hindmargin  : 
cilia  grey,  base  mixed  with  whitish.  Hindwings  grey;  cilia 
whitish-grey. 

Deloraine  and  Hobart,  Tasmania;  in  November,  five  specimens. 


BY    E.   MEYRICK.  513 

48.  Zep.  amphiscia,  n.sp. 

(J.  10  mm.  Head  whitish-grey.  Palpi,  antennse,  and  thorax 
dark  fuscous.  Abdomen  grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair 
whitish-fuscous.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  moderately  arched, 
apex  obtuse,  hindmargin  obliquely  rounded  ;  7  absent ;  grey,  with 
some  scattered  whitish  scales ;  an  obscure  cloudy  whitish  spot  on 
middle  of  costa,  another  on  middle  of  inner  margin,  a  third  on 
costa  at  ^,  a  fourth  before  anal  angle,  and  a  fifth  at  apex,  all  very 
ill-defined :  cilia  grey,  base  mixed  with  whitish.  Hindwings 
grey ;  cilia  whitish-grey. 

Deloraine,  Tasmania ;  one  specimen  in  Novembex'. 

49.  Lep.  raricovia,  n.sp. 

(J.  14  mm.  Head  grey.  Palpi,  antennse,  thorax,  abdomen, 
and  legs  dark  fuscous  ;  posterior  legs  whitish-fuscous.  Forewings 
elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  rounded,  hindmargin  obliquely 
rounded ;  7  absent ;  rather  dark  fuscous :  cilia  fuscous,  base 
darker.  Hindwings  rather  dark  fuscous,  thinly  scaled ;  cilia 
fuscous,  base  darker. 

Blackheath  (3500  feet),  New  South  Wales  ;  in  October,  one 
specimen. 

50.  Lep.  palleuca,  n.sp. 

(J.  14-15  mm.  Head,  palpi,  thorax,  and  abdomen  white. 
Anteunte  and  legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  legs  white.  Forewings 
elongate,  rather  narrow,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  round-pointed, 
hindmargin  extremely  obliquely  rounded  ;  7  absent ;  white  :  cilia 
white.     Hindwings  and  cilia  white. 

Fernshaw  and  Mount  Macedon,  Victoria ;  Blackwood,  South 
Australia ;  in  October  and  November,  five  specimens. 

7.  Eriocottis,  Z. 

Head  rough-haired ;  ocelli  absent  (or  in  exotic  species  present); 
tongue  rudimentary.  Antennse  |,  basal  joint  without  pecten. 
Labial  palpi  moderate,  porrected,  second  joint  loosely  rough-scaled 
(in   exotic    species  with    apical    bristles),   terminal    joint    short, 


514  DESCRIPTIONS    OF   AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

tolerably  pointed.  Maxillary  palpi  moderately  loDg,  tolerably 
filiform,  folded.  Posterior  tibi?e  clothed  with  long  hairs.  Fore- 
wings  with  vein  1  furcate,  7  to  hindmargin,  1 1  from  before  middle. 
Hind  wings  1,  elongate-ovate,  cilia  |  ;  veins  tolerably  parallel. 

A  genus  of  very  few  species,  hitherto  only  known  from  Southern 
Europe  and  North  Africa.  In  the  absence  of  the  ^,  it  is  uncertain 
whether  the  following  species  is  correctly  referred  to  it ;  but  it 
agrees  with  the  generic  characters  in  all  important  particulars. 
It  is  possible  however  that  the  ^  might  show  peculiar  charactei-s 
which  might  involve  the  creation  of  a  new  genus. 

51.  Er.  euryjjhracta,  n.sp. 

2.  15  mm.  Head  and  palpi  pale  yellowish-ochreous.  Antennae 
light  fuscous.  Thorax,  abdomen,  and  legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior 
legs  whitish-ochreous.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  gently  arched, 
apex  rour.dpointed,  hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded  ;  whitish- 
ochreous,  yellowish-tinged  ;  markings  dark  purplish-fuscous  ;  a 
streak  along  basal  half  of  costa,  meeting  median  fascia ;  a  cloudy 
streak  along  inner  margin  from  base  to  beyond  middle,  not 
reaching  fascia ;  a  rather  broad  straight  fascia  from  costa  beyond 
middle  to  f  of  inner  mai-gin ;  a  small  spot  on  costa  beyond  this  ; 
a  moderate  hindmarginal  fascia  from  apex  to  anal  angle,  attenu- 
ated to  a  point  beneath:  cilia  whitish-ochreous  mixed  with  fuscous, 
terminal  third  fuscous.  Hindwings  rather  dark  fuscous,  towards 
base  with  some  pale  yellowish  hairs  ;  cilia  whitish-ochreous, 
yellowish-tinged,  base  mixed  with  pale  fuscous,  tips  fuscous 
opposite  apex. 

Port  Lincoln,  South  Australia ;  in  November,  one  si)eclmen. 

8.  Mesopherna,  n.g. 

Head  densely  rough-haired,  face  loosely  haired  ;  ocelli  absent ; 
tongue  developed.  Antennne  |,  in  (J  filiform,  ciliated  (1),  basal 
joint  without  pecten.  Labial  palpi  moderate,  slender,  ascending, 
second  joint  shortly  rough-scaled  beneath,  with  two  or  three  apical 
bristles,  terminal  joint  moderate,  pointed.  Maxillary  palpi  very 
short,  obtuse,  loosely  scaled.     Posterior  tibiae  clothed  with  long 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  515 

hairs.  Forewings  with  vein  1  furcate,  7  and  8  sometimes  stalked, 
7  to  costa  or  apex,  11  from  before  middle.  Hindwings  1,  elongate- 
ovate,  cilia  I ;  5  and  6  sometimes  stalked. 

At  present  i-estricted  to  the  three  following  species ;  it  indicates 
rather  accurately  the  connecting  link  between  the  Tinea  and 
Xysmatodoma  groups. 

1.  Head  wholly  white  ;  forewings  narrow 2. 

Forehead  grey;  forewings  not  narrow 52.  palustris. 

2.  Margins  of  white  median  streak  indented  in 

middle 53.  castella. 

Margins  of  white  median  streak  not  indented 

in  middle 54.  isomacra. 

52.  lies,  palustris,  n.sp. 

^<^.  14-18  mm.  Head  white,  hairs  of  forehead  mixed  with 
grey.  Palpi  dark  grey,  beneath  white.  Antennae  grey.  Thorax 
pale  brownish-ochreous,  shoulders  sprinkled  with  white.  Abdo- 
men grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  grey-whitish. 
Forewings  elongate,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  roundpointed, 
hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded ;  7  and  8  separate ;  light 
brownish-ochreous,  sprinkled  with  fuscous;  a  moderately  broad 
cloudy  irregular  white  subcostal  streak  from  base  to  |-,  thence 
bent  upwards  to  costa  at  i,  lower  edge  indented  by  ochreous- 
brown  round  dots  at  ^,  ?,  and  | ;  a  cloudy  white  submarginal  or 
marginal  suffusion  from  apex  to  above  anal  angle :  cilia  pale 
brownish-ochreous,  somewhat  mixed  with  whitish.  Hindwings 
grey ;  cilia  grey-whitish. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales  ;  Deloraine,  Tasmania ;  in  October 
and  November,  taken  commonly  in  swampy  places. 

53.  Mes.  castella,  Walk. 
(Prays  castella,  Walk.  541.) 

^2-  21-24  mm.  Head  and  thorax  white.  Palpi  white,  above 
dark  fuscous.  Antennae  dark  grey,  mixed  with  white.  Abdomen 
grey,  sides  and   segmental   margins  white.      Legs  dark  fuscous, 


516  DESCRIPTIONS    OP    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

apex  of  joints  and  hairs  of  posterioi*  tibiae  white.  Forewings 
elongate,  narrow,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hind- 
margin  very  obliquely  rounded  ;  7  and  8  separate  ;  silvery-white  ; 
markings  rather  dark  brown-grey,  mixed  with  some  blackish- 
fuscous  scales  ;  a  round  dot  near  base  in  middle  ;  a  cloudy  streak 
along  costa  from  near  base  to  apex,  attenuated  anteriorly,  lower 
edge  forming  a  triangular  projection  in  middle  ;  a  cloudy  streak 
along  inner  margin  from  near  base  to  beyond  anal  angle,  upper 
edge  forming  an  irregular  flat  projection  in  middle  and  a  strong 
triangular  projection  on  anal  angle  :  cilia  white,  on  costa  and  anal 
angle  suffused  with  fuscous.  Hindwings  rather  light  fuscous, 
hindmargin  darker;  cilia  fuscous-whitish. 

Sydney,  New  South  "Wales  ;  Melbourne,  Victoria  ;  in  Novem- 
ber, three  specimens. 

54.   Mes.  isomacra,  n.sp. 

9.  30  mm.  Head  white.  Palpi  grey,  beneath  white.  Antennae 
whitish.  Thorax  white,  sprinkled  with  dark  fuscous.  Abdomen 
gi'ey.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  whitish,  posterior  tibiae 
grey-whitish.  Forewings  very  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex 
obtuse,  hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded ;  7  and  8  stalked  ; 
light  fuscous,  suffusedly  mixed  with  whitish  and  dark  fuscous  ;  a 
whitish  suffusion  forming  a  broad  cloudy  median  longitudinal 
streak  from  base  to  apex,  edged  beneath  by  a  narrow  suffused 
blackish-fuscous  streak,  which  sends  a  short  projection  upwards  at 
I  :  cilia  fuscous,  mixed  with  whitish  towards  base.  Hindwings 
and  cilia  rather  light  fuscous. 

Melbourne,  Victoria ;  one  specimen  received  from  Mr.  G.  H. 
Raynor. 

9.    ACRIDOTARSA,  n.g. 

Head  rough-haired  ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue  absent.  Antennae 
fr,  in  ^  biserrate,  pubescent,  basal  joint  with  well-defined  pecten. 
Labial  palpi  rather  long,  porrected,  second  joint  with  long  dense 
projecting  tuft  of  scales  towards  apex  beneath,  terminal  joint  half 
second,  slender,  filiform,  acute,  ascending.  Maxillary  palpi 
obsolete.       Posterior   tibiae    rather   long,  bent,  with   short  hairs. 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  517 

middle  and  posterior  tarsi  elongate,  much  longer  than  tibiaj. 
Forewings  with  vein  1  furcate,  7  to  apex,  1 1  from  ^.  Hindwings 
1,  elongate-ovate,  cilia  1  ;  veins  5  and  6  somewhat  approximated 
at  base. 

A  curious  and  distinct  genus,  perhaps  a  development  of 
Mesoj)herna. 

55.  Acr.  mylitis,  n.sp. 

(J.  13-15  mm.  Head  white.  Palpi  white,  second  joint  externally 
pale  ochreous  except  apex.  Antennae  whitish-ochreous.  Thorax 
white,  patagia  pale  shining  ochreous.  Abdomen  grey.  Legs 
grey-whitish,  anterior  pair  dark  grey.  Forewings  elongate,  costa 
moderately  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  very  obliquely 
rounded  ;  bronzy-ochreous,  densely  and  sufFusedly  irrorated  with 
white  ;  the  absence  of  iri'oration  forms  a  slender  dark  fascia  from 
costa  beyond  middle  to  anal  angle,  and  several  dark  strigulse  on 
postei-ior  half  of  costa,  and  towards  anal  angle :  cilia  grey-whitish, 
basal  half  obscurely  barred  with  greyish-ochreous.  Hindwings 
and  cilia  grey. 

Geraldton,  West  Australia  ;  in  November,  seven  specimens. 

10.   Iphierga,  n.g. 

Head  densely  rough-haired ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue  absent. 
Antennae  |,  in  (J  strongly  bipectinated,  basal  joint  without  pecten. 
Labial  palpi  moderately  long,  curved,  ascending,  second  joint  with 
dense  projecting  scales  beneath,  sometimes  forming  a  long  tuft  in 
front,  terminal  joint  moderate,  rather  thick,  somewhat  pointed. 
Maxillary  palpi  absent.  Posterior  tibiae  clothed  with  appressed 
scales.  Forewings  with  vein  1  furcate,  4  sometimes  absent,  7 
absent,  11  from  before  middle.  Hindwings  1,  elongate-ovate, 
cilia  ?  ;  vein  4  absent,  transverse  vein  absent  between  6  and  7. 

A  distinctly  charactei'ised  genus,  confined  to  Australia ;  it  is 
nearly  related  to  Ardiosteres. 

1.   Palpi  strongly  tufted 57.  ^:>e»z<zi^ias. 

Palpi  slightly  tufted 2. 


518  DESCRIPTIONS    OF   AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

2.  Forewings    with    dark    fuscous    submarginal 

fascia 56.  eufliragma. 

Forewings  without  dark  submarginal  fascia...   58.  stasiodes. 

56.  Ijjh.  euphragma,  n.sp. 

^.  13-14  mm.  Head  and  palpi  deep  ochreous-yellow ;  palpi 
slightly  tufted.  A  ntenme  ochreous- whitish.  Thorax  dark  fuscous. 
Abdomen  light  grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and 
posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  rather  strongly 
arched,  apex  rounded,  hindmargin  rounded,  somewhat  oblique ;  4 
present ;  white,  slightly  ochi-eous-tinged ;  mai-kings  blackish-fuscous ; 
a  narrow  basal  patch,  outer  edge  straight ;  two  straight  irregtdar- 
edged  fasciae,  first  before,  second  beyond  middle ;  a  dot  or  small 
spot  on  costa  at  |,  and  sometimes  one  on  inner  margin  before  anal 
angle  ;  an  irregular  variable  submarginal  fascia  from  costa  before 
apex  to  anal  angle,  when  broad  becoming  almost  marginal  :  cilia 
white,  base  spotted  with  dark  fuscous  opposite  wing-markings. 
Hindwings  and  cilia  light  or  dark  grey. 

Duaringa,  Queensland  ;  Mount  Lofty,  South  Australia ;  four 
specimens  received  from  Mr.  G.  Barnard. 

57.  Iph.  pent  alias,  n.sp. 

(J.  17  ram.  Head  and  palpi  ferruginous-ochreous;  palpi  strongly 
tufted.  Antennae  grey.  Thorax  dark  fuscous.  Abdomen  grey. 
Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings  elongate, 
costa  moderately  arched,  apex  rounded,  hindmargin  oblic-iuely 
rounded ;  4  absent ;  pale  whitish-ochreous,  brownish-tinged ; 
markings  blackish-fuscous ;  five  slender  nearly  straight  rather 
irregular-edged  fasciae;  first  almost  basal;  second  at  ^ ;  third 
median,  interrupted  above  and  below  middle ;  fourth  at  |,  inter- 
rupted below  middle ;  fifth  from  i  of  costa  to  anal  angle ;  a  spot 
on  costa  before  apex,  and  two  small  spots  on  hindmargin  below 
apex  :  cilia  whitish-ochreous.  Hindwings  light  grey ;  cilia  grey- 
whitish. 

Duaringa,  Queensland  ;  one  specimen  received  from  Mr.  G. 
Barnard. 


BY    E,  MEYRICK.  519 

58,  Iph.  stasiodes,  n.sp. 

(J.  13-15  mm.  Head  and  palpi  yellow-ochreous,  ferruginous- 
tinged;  palpi  hai'dly  tufted.  Antennse  ochreous.  Thorax  fuscous, 
anterior  margin  black.  Abdomen  pale  ochreous.  Legs  dark 
fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and  posterior  pair  whitish-ochreous.  Fore- 
wings  elongate,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  rounded,  hind- 
margin  obliquely  rounded  ;  4  absent ;  pale  whitish-brown  ;  mark- 
ings blackish-fuscous ;  a  narrow  subbasal  fascia ;  two  slender 
somewhat  angulated  fasciae,  widely  interrupted  below  middle  and 
sometimes  narrowly  beneath  costa  also,  first  from  g  of  costa  to  I  of 
inner  margin,  second  from  I  of  costa  to  before  anal  angle  ;  some 
irregular  scattered  dots  in  disc ;  three  small  spots  on  posterior 
fourth  of  costa :  cilia  whitish-ochreous.  Hindwings  and  cilia 
whitish-fuscous. 

Duaringa,  Queensland  ;  four  specimens  received  from  Mr.  G. 
Barnard. 

11.  Ardiosteres,  n.g. 

Head  with  short  dense  I'ough  hairs ;  ocelli  absent ;  tongue 
absent.  Antennse  |,  in  ^  dentate,  fasciculate-ciliated  (2),  basal 
joint  with  pecten.  Labial  palpi  moderately  long,  porrected, 
clothed  with  dense  loose  scales  somewhat  tufted  in  front,  terminal 
joint  very  short,  concealed,  pointed.  Maxillary  palpi  absent. 
Thorax  with  posterior  crest.  Posterior  tibiae  clothed  with  appressed 
scales.  Forewings  with  vein  1  furcate,  7  and.  8  stalked,  7  to  apex, 
11  from  before  middle.  Hindwings  1,  elongate-ovate,  cilia  ^; 
veins  tolerably  parallel. 

The  single  species  is  confined  to  Australia.  The  genus,  dis- 
tinguished by  the  peculiar  palpi,  is  probably  related  to  the 
following. 

59.  Ard.  moretonella,  Walk. 

( Tinea  moretonella,  Walk.  Suppl.  1812.) 

(^9-   18-24  mm.     Head  ochreous-yellow.     Palpi   dark  fuscous, 

apex   ochreous-yellow.      Antennse  dark    fuscous.      Thorax  dark 

fuscous,  apex  of  patagia whitish-ochreous.    Abdomen  pale  yellowish- 

ochreous.     Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and  posterior  pair 

36 


520  DESCRIPTIONS    OF   AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

"whitish-ochreous.  Forewings  elongate,  moderately  broad,  costa 
moderately  arched,  apex  obtuse,  hindmargin  rather  obliquely 
rounded ;  pale  whitish-ochreous  ;  markings  rather  dark  fuscous, 
irregularly  margined  with  darker  ;  a  rather  broad  irregular  basal 
fascia,  including  one  or  two  pale  spots ;  -a  moderate  fascia  from  ^ 
of  costa  to  5  of  inner  margin,  posterior  edge  irregularly  dilated 
towards  middle;  a  small  spot  on  costa  beyond  this,  and  sometimes 
one  or  two  strigulee  in  disc  ;  an  irregular  fascia  from  f  of  costa, 
broadly  dilated  downwards  to  inner  margin,  where  it  extends 
from  ?  to  anal  angle,  and  contains  two  or  three  pale  spots  or 
strigulse;  a  spot  on  costa  beyond  this,  its  apex  sometimes  connected 
with  it ;  an  irregular  apical  blotch,  containing  three  or  four  pale 
spots,  and  connected  by  a  bar  with  preceding  fascia  below  middle  : 
cilia  whitish-ochreous,  sharply  barred  with  dark  fuscous,  and  with 
a  dark  fuscous  antemedian  line.  Hindwings  rather  dark  fuscous  ; 
cilia  fuscous  somewhat  mixed  with  whitish-ochreous. 

Duaringa,  Queensland;  Bathurst,  New  South  Wales;  in  March, 
ten  specimens.  The  markings  are  rather  variable,  but  the  species 
is  easy  to  recognise. 

12.  ScARDiA,  Tr. 

Head  densely  rough-haired ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue  short. 
Antennse  |-f,  joints  closely  set,  serrate,  in  ^  pubescent,  basal  joint 
with  pecten.  Labial  palpi  rather  long,  curved,  ascending,  second 
joint  with  dense  rough  scales  beneath  more  or  less  tufted  in  front, 
with  several  apical  bristles,  terminal  joint  rather  long  or  moderate, 
shortly  rough-scaled  in  front  or  more  or  less  dilated  with  rough 
scales,  obtuse  or  somewhat  pointed.  Maxillary  palpi  moderate  or 
rather  short,  porrected,  loosely  scaled.  Thorax  sometimes  wdth 
posterior  crest.  Posterior  tibise  rough-haired.  Forewings  with 
vein  1  furcate,  4  sometimes  absent,  7  to  costa,  8  and  9  sometimes 
stalked,  11  from  before  middle.  Hindwings  1,  elongate-ovate, 
cilia  |-| ;  veins  tolerably  parallel. 

A  genus  of  few  species,  including  several  in  Europe  and  North 
America  besides  the  Australian.      The  larvse  are  not  case-bearers. 


BY    E.   MEYRICK.  •  521 

1.  Forewings  with  raised  tufts  on  surface 66.  primaeva. 

Forewings  without  tufts 2. 

2.  Forewings  with  vein  4  present 3. 

Forewings  with  vein  4  absent 4. 

3.  Forewings  with  dark  median  fascia 64.  clonodes. 

Forewings  without  dark  median  fascia 65.  celsella. 

4.  Forewings  silvery-white 5. 

Forewings  ochreous 6. 

5.  Forewings  with  6  or  7  dark  fascise 60.  austr'alasiella- 

Forewings  with  9  or  10  dark  fasciae 61.  dictyotis. 

6.  Forewings     with      ochreous-brown     dorsal 

blotches 62.  inconcisella. 

Forewings  without  brown  blotches 63.  pyrochroa. 

60.  Scard.  australasieUa,  Don. 

(Tinea  australasieUa,  Don.,  Ins.  N.  Holl. ;  T.  cossuna,  Lew., 
Ins.  N.S.  Wales,  19;  ^.  clathrata,  Feld.,  Reis.  Nov.  pi.  CXL.  30.) 

(J 9.  20-31  mm.  Head  orange.  Palpi  orange,  base  usually 
dark  fuscous.  Antennae  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  pale  orange, 
anterior  third  dark  fuscous.  Abdomen  rather  dark  fuscous,  sides 
and  segmental  margins  and  anal  tuft  light  orange,  towards  base 
wholly  light  orange.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  tibiae  light 
orange.  Forewings  elongate,  rather  narrow,  costa  gently  arched, 
apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded ;  4  absent^ 
silvery -white ;  base  pale  orange ;  six  or  seven  slender  somewhat 
irregular  direct  purple-blackish  fasciae ;  second  and  third  usually 
connected  in  middle,  third  and  fourth  usually  connected  or  con- 
fluent near  inner  margin  and  sometimes  connected  above  middle, 
fourth  and  fifth  connected  below  middle,  fifth  sometimes  inter- 
rupted in  middle,  fifth  and  sixth  connected  in  middle,  seventh 
connected  once  or  twice  with  sixth  or  often  partially  or  wholly 
absent :  cilia  whitish-orange,  more  or  less  strongly  barred  with 
blackish.  Hindwings  dark  fuscous-purplish  ;  cilia  whitish-orange, 
on  costa  and  sometimes  round  apex  more  or  less  suffused  with 
purplish-grey. 


522  DESCRIPTIONS    OF   AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

Brisbane,  Queensland ;  Sydney,  New  South  Wales  ;  Ballarat 
and  Warragul,  Victoria  ;  Georges  Bay,  Tasmania ;  Wirrabara, 
Port  Lincoln,  and  Kangaroo  Island,  South  Australia  ;  in  Septem- 
ber, October,  January  and  April,  rather  common.  The  larva  feeds 
on  lichens  on  rocks.  Felder's  insect  is  represented  as  being  from 
Fiji,  but  this  is  not  at  all  probable,  and  as  his  localities  are 
frequently  erroneous,  the  record  may  be  neglected  until  confirmed. 

61.  Scard.  dictyotis,  n.sp. 

^9.  25-31  mm.  Differs  from  australasiella  only  as  follows : 
Abdomen  dark  fuscous,  segmental  margins  and  anal  tuft  light 
orange.  Forewings  with  nine  or  ten  slender  irregular  fasciae ; 
third  twice  connected  with  second  and  fourth,  sometimes  obsolete 
except  between  connections,  fourth  twice  connected  with  fifth, 
fifth  twice  connected  with  sixth  and  sometimes  confluent  with  it 
on  margins,  sixth  connected  with  seventh  below  and  sometimes 
above  middle,  seventh  connected  with  eighth  in  middle,  eighth 
twice  connected  with  ninth,  sometimes  interrupted  above  middle, 
tenth  subapical,  often  interrupted. 

Perth  and  Albany,  West  Australia ;  in  October  and  November, 
rather  common.  If  intermediate  forms  are  discovered  in  the 
connecting  districts,  this  and  the  preceding  can  be  united  as 
geographical  forms  of  the  same  species ;  at  present  they  remain 
quite  distinct,  and  it  seems  best  to  give  this  form  a  name. 

62.   Scard.  inconcisella,  Walk. 

(Tinea  inconcisella,  Walk.  474.) 

(Jj.  14-26  mm.  Head  and  palpi  light  yellow-ochreous,  second 
joint  of  palpi  externally  sprinkled  with  dark  fuscous.  Antennee 
fuscous.  Thorax  whitish-ochreous,  partially  suffused  with  deeper 
ochreous  and  anteriorly  with  fuscous.  Abdomen  fuscous.  Legs 
dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and  hairs  of  posterior  tibiae  whitish- 
ochreous.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  round- 
pointed,  hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded  ;  4  absent ;  light 
ochreous,  partially  suffused  with  brownish-ochreous,  deeper  in  ^, 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  523 

strewn  with  small  indistinct  subquadrate  whitish-ochreous  spots 
arranged  in  about  three  longitudinal  series  and  on  edges  of  dark 
markings,  and  partially  margined  or  connected  by  blackish  scales  ; 
disc  sometimes  partially  suffused  with  whitish-ochreous  ;  a  wedge- 
shaped  ochreous-brownish  blotch  on  base  of  inner  margin,  its  apex 
extending  to  disc  at  ^ ;  a  semicrescentic  ochreous-brown  blotch 
from  inner  margin  beyond  middle,  very  obliquely  curved  over 
posteriorly,  not  reaching  half  across  wing  ;  a  blackish  longitudinal 
suffusion  towards  hindmargin  in  middle,  suffused  with  brown 
beneath :  cilia  ochreous  mixed  with  blackish-fuscous,  barred  with 
ochreous-wbitish  twice  near  apex  and  twice  at  anal  angle.  Hind- 
wings  dark  fuscous-purplish  ;  cilia  light  purplish-fuscous. 

Murrurundi,  Sydney,  and  Cooma  (3000  feet),  New  South  Wales; 
Melbourne,  Victoria;  from  September  to  February,  common. 
The  larva  feeds  in  rotten  wood. 

63.  Scard.  pyrochroa,  n.sp. 

(J.  14-16  mm.  Head  whitish-ochreous,  sides  of  crown  orange- 
ochreous.  Palpi  whitish-ochreous,  second  joint  externally  sprinkled  . 
with  dark  fuscous.  Antennae  whitish-ochreous.  Thorax  whitish- 
ochreous,  shoulders  suffused  with  ochreous-orange.  Abdomen 
whitish-ochreous,  last  segment  fuscous  except  anal  tuft.  Legs 
pale  ochreous.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex 
roundpointed,  hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded;  4  absent; 
ochreous-orange,  irregularly  marbled  with  pearly  whitish-yellowish 
or  whitish ;  some  fine  scattered  black  scales  posteriorly,  especially 
towards  anal  angle;  cilia  pale  whitish-yellowish,  mixed  with 
ochreous-orange,  tips  dark  fuscous  on  anal  angle  and  on  a  subapical 
dot.  Hindwings  dark  fuscous-purplish ;  cilia  whitish-ochreous, 
pu  rplish-tinged. 

Brisbane,  Queensland  ;  two  specimens  in  September. 

64.  Scard.  clonodes,  n.sp. 

dJ".  21  mm.  Head  and  palpi  whitish-ochreous,  palpi  externally 
mixed  with  dark  fuscous.      Antennjs  fuscous.      Thorax  whitish- 


24  DESCRIPTIONS   OF   AUSTRALIAN   MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

ochreous,  shoulders  mixed  with  fuscous.  Abdomen  fuscous.  Legs 
dark  fuscous,  with  numerous  whitish-ochreous  rings.  Forewiugs 
elongate,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  obtuse,  hindmargin 
obliquely  rounded ;  4  present,  8  and  9  stalked ;  light  ochreous- 
brownish,  with  irregularly  scattered  dark  fuscous  and  whitish 
strigulse  and  small  spots ;  costa  spotted  with  blackish-fuscous ;  a 
rather  dark  fuscous  spot  beneath  costa  at  ^,  and  one  at  ^  of  inner 
margin ;  a  moderate  rather  dark  fuscous  fascia  from  beyond 
middle  of  costa  to  beyond  middle  of  inner  margin ;  an  irregular 
band  proceeding  from  costal  extremity  of  this  to  5  of  disc  and 
thence  to  costa  before  apex  :  cilia  fuscous,  irregularly  barred  with 
dark  fuscous  and  whitish.  Hindwings  rather  dark  purplish- 
fuscous  ;  cilia  fuscous- whitish,  with  dark  fuscous  cloudy  basal  line 
and  suffusedly  barred  with  dark  fuscous. 

Sydney  (South  Creek),  New  South  Wales  ;    one  specimen  in 
March. 

65.  Scard.  celsella,  Walk. 

(Tinea  celsella,  Walk.  482;  T.  adjunctella,  ib.  1006.) 
9.  20  mm.  Head  and  palpi  light  ochreous  mixed  with  rather 
dark  fuscous.  Antennae  fuscous.  Thorax  and  abdomen  rather 
dark  fuscous.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  whitish-ochreous. 
Forewings  elongate,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  obtuse,  hind- 
margin  rounded,  rather  strongly  oblique  ;  4  present ;  light  fuscous, 
strewn  with  dark  fuscous  or  blackish  scales,  tending  to  form 
transverse  strigulse ;  costa  paler,  spotted  with  blackish-fuscous  ; 
a  small  cloudy  dark  fuscous  spot  in  disc  before  middle,  another  on 
fold  beneath  middle,  and  a  third  larger  in  disc  at  f ;  a  dark 
fuscous  suffusion  towards  hindmargin :  cilia  light  fuscous  mixed 
with  dark  fuscous.  Hindwings  rather  dark  purplish-fuscous;  cilia 
fuscous-whitish,  ochreous-tinged,  with  a  cloudy  fuscous  line  near 
base. 

Murrurundi  and  Newcastle,  New  South  Wales  ;  two  specimens 
in  November. 

66.  Scard.  jjriniaeva,  n.sp. 

^2'   14-17  mm.     Head,  palpi,  antennae,  thorax,  abdomen,  and 
legs  dark  fuscous;  palpi  more  or  less  mixed  with  ochreous-whitish; 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  525 

legs  with  apex  of  joints  ochreous-whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  in 
5  narrowei',  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  obtuse,  hindmargin 
obliquely  rounded  ;  4  present,  7  and  8  sometimes  stalked  ;  surface 
Avith  several  tufts  of  raised  scales  towards  inner  margin ;  in  ^ 
dark  slate-colour,  coarsely  irrorated  with  black,  forming  irregular 
spots  in  disc,  with  ochreous-white  dots  at  base  and  anal  angle,  and 
extreme  costal  edge  ochi'eous-white  from  I  to  near  apex,  marked 
with  black  spots ;  in  $  purplish-fuscous,  irrorated  with  dark 
fuscous,  most  strongly  in  disc,  costa  spotted  with  blackish-fuscous, 
with  two  blackish-fuscous  rather  oblique  fasciae  from  costa  before 
and  beyond  middle,  becoming  obsolete  before  inner  margin,  second 
generally  followed  by  a  more  or  less  distinct  pale  suffusion 
extending  to  apex  :  cilia  slaty-fuscous  irrorated  with  blackish. 
Hindwings  rather  dark  fuscous,  purplish-tinged  ;  cilia  fuscous, 
with  cloudy  dark  fuscous  basal  line. 

Toowoomba  (2000  feet)  and  Brisbane,  Queensland  ;  Newcastle 
and  Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  from  September  to  February, 
not  uncommon. 

13.   MiMOSCOPA,  n.g. 

Head  rough-haired  ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue  absent.  Antennae 
I,  in  (J  filiform,  shortly  ciliated,  basal  joint  with  pecten.  Labial 
palpi  moderate,  porrected,  second  joint  somewhat  rough-scaled 
towards  apex  beneath  and  with  some  scattered  bristles,  terminal 
joint  moderate,  filiform,  tolerably  pointed.  Maxillary  palpi  long, 
filiform,  folded.  Posterior  tibite  clothed  with  rough  hairs.  Fore- 
wings  with  vein  1  furcate,  7  to  costa,  11  from  before  middle. 
Hindwings  1,  elongate-ovate,  cilia  i ;  transverse  vein  absent 
between  4  and  5,  forked  parting-vein  strongly  defined,  5  and  6 
somewhat  approximated. 

Nearly  related  to  Tinea,  of  which  it  is  probably  an  offshoot ; 
but  the  single  species  has  a  peculiar  facies,  nearly  resembling  the 
genus  Catoryctis  in  the  Xyloryctidae ;  whether  the  resemblance 
has  anything  to  do  with  mimicry,  or  is  associated  with  a  similar 
habitat,  there  is  at  present  no  evidence  to  show. 


526  DESCRIPTIONS    OP    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 


67.  Mhn.  ochetaula,  n.sp. 

(J.  1 3  mm.  Head  fuscous-whitish,  sides  of  crown  white,  face 
more  fuscous-tinged.  Palpi  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  whitish. 
Antennae  pale  fuscous.  Thorax  ochreous-brown.  Abdomen 
fuscous.  Legs  dark  fuscous  ;  apex  of  joints  and  hairs  of  posterior 
tibise  whitish-ochreous.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  moderately 
arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  slightly  sinuate,  very 
oblique ;  ochreous-brown ;  a  rather  broad  straight  white  median 
longitudinal  streak  from  base  to  apex,  lower  edge  triangularly 
indented  at  §  ;  a  narrow  white  longitudinal  subdorsal  streak  from 
base,  becoming  obsolete  towards  anal  angle ;  a  whitish  suffusion 
on  costa  about  f :  cilia  fuscous-whitish,  with  two  cloudy  dark 
ochreous-fuscous  lines,  and  a  white  bar  at  apex.  Hindwings 
rather  light  grey ;  cilia  whitish-grey. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales;  in  March,  one  specimen. 

14.  Blabophanes,  Z. 

Head  densely  rough-haired ;  ocelli  absent  ;  tongue  short. 
Antennae  f,  in  ^  pubescent-ciliated  or  simple,  joints  closely  set, 
basal  joint  with  small  pecten.  Labial  palpi  moderate,  porrected, 
with  tolerably  appressed  scales,  second  joint  with  several  long 
bristles  towards  apex,  terminal  joint  moderate,  obtuse  or  tolerably 
pointed.  Maxillary  palpi  long, tolerably  filiform, folded.  Posterior 
tibiae  clothed  with  hairs.  Forewings  with  a  naked  usually  tr-ans- 
parent  depression  in  disc  beneath  ;  vein  1  furcate,  3  and  4  stalked, 
sometimes  6  and  7,  or  7  and  8,  or  9  and  10  stalked,  7  to  costa,  11 
from  near  middle  or  sometimes  from  near  posterior  angle  of  cell. 
Hindwings  1,  elongate-ovate,  cilia  |;  sometimes  5  and  6  stalked. 

A  genus  of  limited  extent  but  cosmopolitan  distribution ;  it  is 
a  direct  development  of  Tinea.  The  larvae  feed  on  refuse  of 
various  kinds  ;  hence  the  species  are  sometimes  domestic  ;  one  of 
the  Australian  species  has  thus  been  introduced  from  Europe,  and 
another  is  common  to  Australia  and  New  Zealand  ;  the  other  two 
are  endemic. 


BY    E.   MEYKICK.  527 

1.  Forewings  with  well-marked  pale  dorsal  streak  2. 
Forewings  without  pale  dorsal  streak 3. 

2.  Head  ferruginous-ochreous 71.  ferruginella. 

Head  ochreous-whitish 70.  ethelella. 

3.  Forewings  dark  fuscous  with  white  blotches  68.  meliorella. 
Forewings  whitish-ochreous  with  dark  fuscous 

blotch 69.  argillacea. 

68.  Blah,  meliorella,  Walk. 

(Tinea  meliorella,  Walk.  483;  T.  oecophoroides,  ib.  1005;  T. 
vlvipara,  Scott,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  N.  S.  Wales,  I.  33,  pi.  4.) 

(^9-  12-21  mm.  Head  white.  Palpi  blackish-fuscous,  tip  white. 
Antennae  dark-fuscous,  towards  apex  more  whitish.  Thorax 
blackish  or  dark  fuscous,  with  a  white  anterior  spot.  Abdomen 
pale  ochreous-yellowish.  Legs  blackish,  posterior  pair  pale 
ochreous  yellowish.  Forewings  elongate,  rather  narrow,  costa 
gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  very  obliquely 
rounded  ;  ochreous-fuscous  or  purplish-fuscous,  mixed  or  suffused 
with  blackish-fuscous  ;  markings  white,  sometimes  ochreous-tinged ; 
a  large  trapezoidal  blotch  occupying  baaal  ?  of  wing  except  base 
and  a  streak  along  costa ;  a  large  semioval  blotch  on  costa  beyond 
middle  ;  a  variable  spot  on  anal  angle,  sometimes  nearly  obsolete  ; 
a  variable  spot  on  costa  before  apex,  and  another  on  hindmargin 
beneath  apex,  their  extremities  sometimes  almost  coalescing :  cilia 
white,  with  broad  dark  fuscous  bauds  at  apex  and  above  anal 
angle.  Hind  wings  fuscous-purplish,  sometimes  brassy-tinged;  cilia 
pale  whitish-yellowish,  sometimes  with  a  dark  grey  suffusion  at 
apex. 

Duaringa,  Toowoomba  (2000  feet),  and  Brisbane,  Queensland ; 
■Sydney,  Bowenfels,  and  Bathurst  (2500  feet),  New  South  Wales ; 
Melbourne  and  Warragul,  Victoria;  Wirrabara,  Mount  Lofty, 
and  Port  Lincoln,  South  Australia  ;  Gerald  ton  and  Albany,  West 
Australia;  from  June  to  February,  common  and  probably  of 
universal  distribution  on  the  main  land,  but  not  yet  found  in 
Tasmania.     Scott  observed  this  species  to  be  viviparous  ;  there  is 


528  DESCRIPTIONS    OF    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

nothing  improbable  in  this,  as  the  larvse  may  feed  in  some  rapidly 
decaying  substance,  though  he  was  unable  to  rear  them  ;  I  do  not 
doubt  the  correctness  of  his  observation,  but  have  been  unable  to 
confirm  it ;  on  the  contrary,  I  have  more  than  once  observed  the 
female  in  confinement  deposit  eggs  in  the  normal  way;  hence  the 
habit  must  be  variable,  and  may  perhaps  be  influenced  by  the  heat 
of  the  weather,  or  by  the  undue  retention  of  the  eggs  in  the 
absence  of  suitable  food  for  the  larvse. 

69.  Blab,  argillacea,  n.sp. 

(J9.  13-18  mm.  Head  white,  ochreous-tinged.  Palpi  dark 
fuscous,  mixed  with  whitish.  Antennae  whitish-fuscous.  Thorax 
fuscous-whitish,  patagia  dark  fuscous.  Abdomen  whitish-grey. 
Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and  posterior  pair  whitish. 
Forewings  elongate,  rather  narrow,  costa  gently  arched,  apex 
obtuse,  hindmargin  obliquely  rounded;  pale  ochreous,  densely  and 
suflfusedly  irrorated  with  ochreous-whitish,  with  a  few  scattered 
blackish  scales,  especially  towards  costa  posteriorly  and  anal 
angle ;  anterior  half  of  costal  edge  blackish ;  thi-ee  blackish  dots 
on  submedian  fold,  indicating  marginal  indentations  of  an  obsolete 
pale  dorsal  streak  ;  discal  impression  pale,  placed  in  an  oblique 
ill-defined  dark  fuscous  suff'usion  :  cilia  pale  whitish-ochreous,  with 
rows  of  black  points.  Hindwiugs  pale  whitish-fuscous,  with 
brassy-yellowish  reflections  ;  cilia  ochreous-whitish. 

Melbourne  and  Warragul,  Victoria;  Adelaide,  South  Australia; 
four  specimens  in  September  and  December. 

70.  Blab,  ethelella,  Newm. 

(Tinea  ethelella,  Newm.,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  iii.  (n.s.},  288  ; 
T.  rectella,  Walk.  482  ;  Blabophanes  namuella,  Feld.,  Reis.  Nov. 
pi.  CXL.  44;  B.  ethelella,  Meyr.,  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  1887,  97.) 

^$.  13-20  mm.  Head  ochreous-whitish.  Thorax  dark  fuscous, 
with  broad  ochreous- white  dorsal  stripe.  Forewings  dark  fuscous  ; 
costal  area  dotted  with  ochreous-whitish  ;  an  ochreous-whitish 
iri-egular-edged  dorsal  streak  from  base  to  anal  angle  ;  a  trans- 
parent ochreous-whitish  discal  spot :  cilia  ochreous-whitish,  barred 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  529 

with  dark  fuscous,  and  with  two  dark  fuscous  lines.     Hindwings 
light  grey  ;  cilia  whitish-grey,  more  whitish  terminally. 

Glen  Innes  (3500  feet),  Bathurst,  Sydney,  and  Cooma  (3000 
feet),  New  South  Wales  ;  Melbourne,  Victoria  ;  Georges  Bay  and 
Hobart,  Tasmania,  Wirrabara  and  Mount  Lofty,  South  Australia  ; 
York  and  Albany,  West  Australia;  also  throughout  New  Zealand : 
from  September  to  May,  common  everywhere,  but  usually  near 
dwellings,  often  at  lamps. 

71.  Blah,  ferruginella,  Hb. 

(Tinea  ferruginella,  Hb. ;  Blabophanes  ferruginella,  Meyr., 
Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  1887,  97.;) 

(J9.  10-13  mm.  Head  ferruginons-ochreous.  Thorax  dark 
fuscous,  with  broad  whitish-ochreous  dorsal  stripe.  Forewings 
dark  fuscous ;  costal  and  posterior  areas  coarsely  strigulated  with 
whitish-ochreous ;  a  whitish-ochreous  or  pale  ochreous  irregular- 
edged  dorsal  streak  from  near  base  to  anal  angle ;  a  large  trans- 
parent ochreous-whitish  discal  spot :  cilia  whitish-ochreous,  barred 
with  dark  fuscous,  on  hindmargin  sometimes  obsoletely.  Hind- 
wings  pale  grey  ;  cilia  grey-whitish. 

Toowoomba  (2000  feet),  Queensland ;  Bathurst  and  Sydney, 
New  South  Wales ;  Melbourne,  Victoria  ;  Hobart,  Tasmania  ; 
Perth,  West  Australia  ;  from  August  to  March  and  in  June,  rather 
common,  but  less  so  than  the  preceding.  An  accidental  introduc- 
tion from  Europe,  occurring  now  also  in  North  America  and  New 
Zealand. 

15.    TiNRA,  L. 

Head  densely  rough-haired ;  ocelli  present  or  absent ;  tongue 
short.  Antennae  |-f,  in  ^  ciliated,  pubescent,  or  simple,  joints 
usually  closely  set,  basal  joint  sometimes  with  small  pecten.  Labial 
palpi  moderate,  porrected,  second  joint  shortly  rough-scaled  or 
smooth,  with  a  few  long  bristles  towards  apex,  terminal  joint 
moderate,  tolerably  pointed.  Maxillary  palpi  long,  tolerably 
filiform,  folded.  Posterior  tibiae  clothed  with  loose  hairs.  Fore- 
wings  with  vein  1  furcate,  7  to  costa,  sometimes  6  and  7,  or  7  and 


530  DESCRIPTIONS    OP    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

8  stalked,  11  from  before  middle.     Hindwings  f-1,  elongate-ovate 
or  ovate-lanceolate,  cilia  |-1  ;  sometimes  5  and  6  stalked. 

A  large  and  cosmopolitan  genus,  being  one  of  the  earliest 
developed  forms  of  the  family.  The  larvae  are  occasionally  but 
not  usually  case-bearers ;  they  often  feed  on  dry  refuse,  and  hence 
some  species  have  become  domestic,  and  several  have  thus  been 
introduced  into  Australia  by  civilization  ;  probably  a  majority 
feed  on  lichens  or  dead  wood,  but  a  few  eat  leaves,  and  these  are 
sometimes  miners  within  the  substance  of  the  leaf :  although 
normally  possessed  of  sixteen  legs,  some  of  the  leaf-miners  are 
apodal.  These  variations  in  habit  make  the  genus  a  very  interest- 
ing one  to  study. 

1.  Thorax  dark   fuscous  with   pale  dorsal 

stripe 2. 

Thorax  without  pale  dorsal  stripe 10. 

2.  Sides  of  crown  sharply  dark  fuscous 83.  erebocosma. 

Sides  of  crown  not  dai-k  fuscous 3. 

[3.  Fore  wings  with  pale  costal  streak 4. 

Forewings  without  pale  costal  streak....  6. 

4.  Fox'ewings  with  costal  streak  interrupted 

at  1 87.  colleta. 

Forewings  with  costal  streak  not  inter- 
rupted    5. 

5.  Forewings    with    upper    edge    of    dark 

median  streak  projecting  at  5 88.  acrozyga. 

Forewings    with    upper    edge    of    dark 

median  streak  straight  throughout...     89.   lativittella. 

6.  Forewings  with  pale  suffused  submedian 

streak 86.  chaotica. 

Forewings  without  pale  submedian  streak  7. 

7.  Forewings  with  white  costal  dots  or  spots  8. 
Forewings  without  white  costal  spots.  ..  84.  porphyrota. 

8.  Forewings    with    dorsal    streak    three- 

toothed 85.  tridectis. 

Forewings  with  dorsal  streak  with  more 

than  three  teeth 9. 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  531 

9.  Forewings  with  dorsal  streak  six-toothed  90.  tetropa. 
Forewings   with    dorsal    streak    numer- 
ously serrate 91.  tryphera. 

10.  Forewings  yellowish 11. 

Forewings  not  yellowish  12. 

11.  Forewings  with  dark  costal  streak 102.  nectarea. 

Forewings  without  dark  costal  streak  ..  103.  teleochra. 

12.  Head  wholly  white     13. 

Head  not  wholly  white 18. 

13.  Thorax  wholly  dark  fuscous 14. 

Thorax  not  wholly  dark  fuscous 15. 

14.  Forewings  with  terminal  half  white 78.  tapetiella. 

Forewings  with  terminal  half  not  white  93.  muricata. 

15.  Forewings  with  two  transverse  fasciae...  74.  altilis. 
Forewings  without  fascise 16. 

16.  Forewings  with  groundcolour  white  17. 

Forewings   with    groundcolour   greyish- 

ochreous     95.  sjyodina. 

17.  Forewings    with    strong   black    line   in 

costal  cilia 97.   mojtojjhthalma. 

Forewings  without  strong  black  line  in 

costal  cilia 100.  microspora. 

18.  Forewings    with    strong    white    dorsal 

streak 82.   diaphora. 

Forewings  without  paler  dorsal  streak...  19. 

19.  Head  wholly  yellowish 20. 

Head  not  wholly  yellowish   22. 

20.  Forewings  with  fascise  of  fine  white  lines  81.  dicharacta. 
Forewings  without  fascise 21. 

21.  Head  orange  ;  forewings  deep  purple....  79.  2yy'>'oiricha. 
Head  light  yellowish;  forewings  fuscous  92.  melitocoma. 

22.  Antennae  sharply  annulated  with  white 

and  dark  fuscous 99.  p^^^uloptera. 

Antennae  not  sharply  annulated 23. 


532  DESCRIPTIONS    OF    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

23.  Forewings  without  defined  markings....  24. 
Forewings  with  defined  markings 27. 

24.  Forewings  with  line  in  costal  cilia  very 

strong 96.   epimochla. 

Forewings  with  line  in  costal  cilia  mode- 
rate or  absent 25. 

25.  Forewings  white 98.  vetula. 

Forewings  dark  fuscous 26. 

26.  Head  dark  fuscous 80.  amaurodes. 

Head  ferruginous-fuscous 94.  phoenicopa. 

27.  Head  wholly  fuscous 28. 

Head  not  wholly  fuscous 29. 

28.  Forewings  fuscous 77.  pellionella. 

Forewings  greyish-ochreous  spotted  with 

fuscous 76.  fuscipunctella. 

29.  Forewings    with    strong    dark    fuscous 

blotches  from  costa 75.  granella. 

Forewings  without  dark  fuscous  blotches 

from  costa 30. 

30.  Forewings   with    strong    dark    fuscous 

blotches  from  inner  margin 72.  bisejita. 

Forewings  without  dark  fuscous  blotches 

from  inner  margin 31. 

31.  Forewings  with  slender  fascia  and  costal 

spots 73.  monozona. 

Forewings  with  discal  dots  only 101.  aelurodes. 

72.  Tin.  bisepta,  n.sp. 
9.  15  mm.  Head  white,  face  mixed  with  fuscous.  Palpi  dark 
fuscous.  Antennae  whitish.  Thorax  white,  shoulders  with  dark 
fuscous  spot.  Abdomen  grey-whitish.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  ringed 
with  whitish,  posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  costa 
moderately  arched,  apex  obtuse,  hindmargin  obliquely  rounded  ; 
pale  greyish-ochreous,  more  or  less  wholly  suffused  with  white ; 
markings  dark  fuscous;    a  short  very  oblique  mark  from  costa 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  533 

near  base,  furcfite  on  costa ;  three  small  costal  spots  at  |-,  ^,  and 
I,  and  several  scattered  costal  dots  between  these ;  two  oblique 
wedge-shaped  blotches  from  inner  margin,  first  at  ^,  reaching 
more  than  half  across  wing,  second  at  |,  not  reaching  half  across 
wing ;  a  few  scattered  dark  fuscous  scales  in  disc  posteriorly,  and 
one  or  two  dots  on  hindmargin :  cilia  white.  Hindwings  pale 
grey ;  cilia  whitish. 

Shoalhaven,  New  South  Wales ;  one  specimen  in  Jaiauary. 

73.   Ti7i.  monozona,  n.sp. 

$.  11mm.  Head  white,  face  fuscous.  Palpi  dark  fuscous, 
beneath  whitish.  Antennse  whitish.  Thorax  whitish,  shoulders 
and  posterior  extremity  fuscous.  Abdomen  grey.  Legs  dark 
fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and  posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings 
elongate,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  obtuse,  hindmargin 
rounded,  rather  strongly  oblique ;  light  fuscous,  densely  and 
suffusedly  irrorated  with  white,  with  scattered  dark  fuscous 
scales  tending  to  form  strigulae ;  a  slender  fuscous  fascia  from  g  of 
costa  to  middle  of  inner  margin,  becoming  dark  fuscous  at 
extremities  ;  two  small  dark  fuscous  spots  on  costa  at  I  and  |,  and 
one  on  inner  margin  before  anal  angle :  cilia  fuscous-whitish,  base 
spotted  with  dark  fuscous.     Hindwings  whitish-grey  ;  cilia  whitish. 

Mount  Victoria  (3300  feet),  New  South  Wales  ;  in  November, 
one  specimen. 

74.   Tin.  altilis,  n.sp. 

,^9.  7-10  mm.  Head  white.  Palpi  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints 
white.  Antenna?  white,  ringed  with  blackish.  Thorax  white, 
sprinkled  with  fuscous,  shoulders  spotted  with  fuscous.  Abdomen 
grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  banded  with  white.  Forewings  elongate, 
costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  very  obliquely 
rounded ;  pale  whitish-ochreous,  with  some  fine  scattered  deep 
yellow-ochreous  scales  ;  markings  formed  by  a  deep  yellow-ochreous 
irroration,  suffused  with  blackish  on  costa ;  a  series  of  spots  along 
costa,  of  which  one  before  and  one  beyond  middle  give  rise  to 
slender  angulated  fasciae,  marked  with  blackish  above  and  below 


534  DESCRIPTIONS    OP   AUSTRALIAN   MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

middle ;  two  small  spots  on  anterior  third  of  inner  margin,  one  on 
fold  near  base,  and  some  scales  along  hindmargin  :  cilia  pale 
whitish-ochreous,  mixed  with  yellow-ochreous  and  some  blackish 
points.     Hindwings  rather  dark  grey  ;  cilia  grey. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  in  December,  five  specimens. 

75.  Tin.  granella,  L. 

(Jj.  9-15  mm.  Head  ochreous- whitish  or  whitish-ochreous,  sides 
of  crown  sometimes  fuscous.  Forewings  very  elongate,  costa 
gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  extremely  obliquely 
rounded  ;  pale  whitish-ochreous,  irrorated  with  fuscous  and  dark 
fuscous ;  six  dark  fuscous  costal  spots  or  blotches,  first  three 
fascia-like,  oblique,  first  two  reaching  submedian  fold,  second 
shortly  produced  posteriorly  at  apex,  third  thickest,  reaching  half 
across  wing,  last  three  forming  small  spots  :  cilia  ochreous-whitish, 
broadly  barred  with  fuscous  and  mixed  with  dark  fuscous.  Hind- 
wings  grey,  darker  in  ^  ;  cilia  grey, 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales  ;  in  September,  five  specimens.  A 
widely  distributed  European  species,  artificially  introduced  ;  the 
larva  feeds  on  grain. 

76.  Tin.  fuscipunctella,  Hw. 
( Tinea  fuscipunctella,  Hw.,  Meyr.  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  1887,  100.) 
(J2.  9-16  mm.  Head  and  thorax  fuscous.  Forewings  very 
elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin 
extremely  obliquely  rounded  j  light  greyish-ochreous,  irregularly 
sufi'usedly  spotted  with  fuscous ;  a  dark  fuscous  dot  or  small  spot 
in  disc  at  ^,  a  second  obliquely  beyond  it  on  fold,  and  a  third  in 
disc  at  f :  cilia  pale  greyish-ochreous,  basal  half  mixed  with 
fuscous  and  dark  fuscous.  Hindwings  light  grey,  yellowish- 
shining,  towards  apex  darker  ;  cilia  whitish-grey. 

Brisbane  and  Toowoomba  (2000  feet),  Queensland ;  Newcastle, 
Bathurst,  and  Sydney,  New  South  Wales  ;  Fernshaw  and  Caster- 
ton,  Victoria  ;  Launceston,  Deloraine,  Campbelltown,  and  Georges 
Bay,  Tasmania  ;  Mount  Lofty  and  Port  Lincoln,  South  Australia  i 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  535 

Northampton,  West  Australia  ]  from  August  to  March,  and  in 
June,  generally  common  in  houses.  A  domestic  species,  introduced 
from  Europe;  common  also  in  New  Zealand  and  North  America. 
The  larva  feeds  on  dry  refuse. 

77.   Tin.  pellionella,  L. 

(^9.  10-15  mm.  Head  and  thorax  fuscous.  Forewings  very 
elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin 
extremely  obliquely  rounded  ;  fuscous ;  an  obscure  small  darker 
fuscous  spot  in  disc  at  %,  a  second  beneath  it  on  fold,  and  a  third 
in  disc  at  | :  cilia  fuscous.  Hind  wings  grey,  with  purple  and 
yellowish  reflections  ;  cilia  light  grey. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  Port  Lincoln,  South  Australia  ; 
Carnarvon,  West  Australia  ;  in  October  and  November,  several 
specimens.  Also  introduced  from  Europe,  and  occurring  now  also 
in  New  Zealand  and  North  America,  but  less  common  than  the 
last ;  the  larva  is  a  case-bearer,  and  feeds  on  cloth,  &c.,  in  houses, 
being  sometimes  very  destructive. 

78.    Tin.  tapetiella,  L. 

(Tinea  tapetiella  (tapelzella)  L.,  Meyr.  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  1887, 
98  ;  T.  palaestrica,  Butl.,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.  1877,  404.) 

^1^.  12-21  mm.  Head  white.  Thorax  dark  fuscous.  Fore- 
wings  very  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed, 
hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded ;  ochreous-white ;  basal  I 
blackish-fuscous;  a  grey  spot  in  disc  at  |,  and  some  irregularly 
scattered  small  grey  spots  or  strigulse  posteriorly,  especially  towards 
anal  angle ;  a  black  dot  on  inner  margin  at  |,  and  two  before 
apex :  cilia  ochreous-white,  round  apex  dark  grey.  Hind  wings 
grey  ;  cilia  grey-whitish. 

Newcastle  and  Sydney,  New  South  Wales;  Melbourne,  Victoria; 
Hobart,  Tasmania  ;  in  October  and  from  January  to  March,  rather 
common  in  houses.  A  European  species,  now  introduced  also 
into  New  Zealand,  North  America,  and  probably  elsewhere ;  the 
larva  feeds  especially  on  furs,  skins,  &c. 
37 


536  DESCRIPTIONS    OF   AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

79.   Tin.  pyrotricha,  n.sp. 

(J9.  13-15  mm.  Head  deep  orange.  Palpi,  antennse,  thorax, 
abdomen,  and  legs  dark  fuscous ;  legs  with  apex  of  joints  whitish, 
hairs  of  posterior  tibiae  whitish-grey.  Forewings  very  elongate, 
narrow,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  tolerably  acute,  hindmargia 
extremely  obliquely  rounded ;  very  deep  purple,  with  blue  and 
co))pery  reflections  ;  cilia  rather  dark  fuscous.  Hindwings  i-ather 
dark  purplish-fuscous  ;  cilia  rather  dark  fuscous. 

Melbourne,  Victoria;  two  specimens  received  from  Mr.  G.  H. 
Raynor. 

80.  Tin.  aviaurodes,  n.sp. 

(J.  14  mm.  Head  dark  fuscous,  with  some  whitish  hairs.  Palpi 
whitish,  terminal  joint  fuscous  except  apex.  Antenna?,  thorax, 
abdomen,  and  legs  dark  fuscous;  posterior  tibiae  and  apex  of  tarsal 
joints  fuscous-whitish.  Porewings  elongate,  costa  gently  arched, 
apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded ;  fuscous, 
coarsely  irrorated  with  dark  fuscous :  cilia  fuscous,  with  a  cloudy 
darker  line.  Hindwings  and  cilia  leather  dark  fuscous,  with 
purple  and  yellowish  reflections. 

Adelaide,  South  Australia  ;  one  specimen,  taken  in  October, 
received  from  Mr.  0.  B.  Lower. 

81,  Tin.  dicharacta,  n.sp. 

(J.  6  mm.  Head  and  palpi  orange-ochreous.  Antennae,  thorax, 
abdomen,  and  legs  dark  fuscous,  hairs  of  posterior  tibiae  whitish. 
Forewings  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hind- 
margin  very  obliquely  rounded;  dark  fuscous,  with  bright  coppery- 
golden  and  purple  reflections ;  four  fasciae  composed  of  fine  white 
transverse  lines ;  first  of  two  lines,  near  base,  obsolete  towards 
costa  ;  second  of  three  or  four  lines,  from  |  of  costa  to  middle  of 
inner  margin,  curved;  third  of  two  lines,  from  I  of  costa  to  anal 
angle,  widely  interrupted  in  disc ;  fourth  of  two  lines,  from  \  of 
costa  to  middle  of  hindmargin,  widely  interrupted  :  cilia  dai'k 
fuscous,  mixed  with  white  round  apex.  Hindwings  and  cilia 
rather  dark  fuscous,  with  purplish  and  golden  reflections. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  one  specimen  in  November. 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  537 

82.  Tin.  diaphora,  n.sp. 

^Q.  13-15  mm.  Head  light  fuscous,  face  and  palpi  blackish. 
Antennje  whitish-fuscous.  Thorax  white,  shoulders  and  anterior 
margin  blackish-fuscous.  Abdomen  ochreous-grey.  Legs  dark 
fuscous,  posterior  pair  suffused  with  whitish.  Forewings  very 
elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin 
very  obliquely  rounded  ;  purple-blackish  ;  a  strong  irregular-edged 
white  streak  from  base  along  inner  and  hindmargin  to  apex, 
sometimes  mixed  with  whitish-ochreous  posteriorly ;  a  fine  blackish 
hindmarginal  line :  cilia  fuscous  irrorated  with  whitish,  basal 
third  suffusedly  barred  with  white  and  dark  fuscous.  Hindwings 
light  grey  ;  cilia  grey-whitish. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales;  Melbourne,  Victoria;  from  October 
to  January,  not  uncommon  on  Fucalyptus-trunks.  Larva  16- 
legged,  elongate,  cylindrical,  with  scattered  whitish  hairs ;  dirty 
whitish  ;  head  and  second  segment  dark  fuscous ;  very  active ; 
feeds  on  dead  wood  of  Eucalyptus,  between  loose  pieces,  spinning 
a  good  deal  of  web,  mixed  with  refuse,  in  August  and  September. 

83.    Tin.  erehocosma,  n.sp. 

(J^.  10-12  mm.  Head  white,  sides  of  crown  sharply  dai"k 
fuscous.  Palpi  dark  fuscous,  beneath  whitish.  Antennae  dark 
fuscous.  Thorax  dark  fuscous,  with  white  doi sal  stripe.  Abdomen 
grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and  posterior  tibiae 
whitish.  Forewings  very  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex 
roundpointed,  hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded  ;  dark  purplish- 
fuscous,  irrorated  with  blackish ;  a  rather  narrow  white  streak 
along  inner  margin  from  base  to  anal  angle,  its  upper  edge  four 
times  waved ;  two  or  three  whitish  dots  on  costa  towards  apex ; 
two  or  three  small  white  spots  on  hindmargin,  sometimes  confluent 
to  form  an  irregular  streak  :  cilia  fuscous  irrorated  with  whitish, 
on  costa  dark  fuscous  spotted  with  whitish.  Hindwings  grey  ; 
cilia  grey-whitish,  base  greyer. 

Sydney,  New  South  "Wales  ;  in  October  and  November,  seven 
specimens. 


538  DESCRIPTIONS    OF   AUSTRALIAN   MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

84.    Tin.  porphyrota,  n.sp. 

9.  10-12  mm.  Head  light  ochreous-yellowish.  Palpi  and 
antennse  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  dark  fuscous,  with  a  whitish 
dorsal  stripe.  Abdomen  dark  grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  hairs  of 
posterior  tibiae  whitish.  Forewings  very  elongate,  costa  gently 
arched,  apex  acute,  slightly  produced,  hindmargin  extremely 
obliquely  rounded  ;  deep  fuscous-purple,  irrorated  with  blackish- 
grey  ;  a  moderate  whitish-ochreous  streak  along  inner  margin 
from  near  base  to  anal  angle,  extremities  attenuated  :  cilia  dark 
fuscous-purplish  mixed  with  blackish-grey,  beneath  anal  angle 
whitish-ochreous.  Hindwings  grey,  with  golden  reflections  ;  cilia 
whitish-grey. 

Deloraine,  Tasmania ;  in  November,  five  specimens. 

85.  Tin.   tridectis,  n.sp. 

9.  12  mm.  Head  ochreous-yellowish.  Palpi  and  antennae 
rather  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  dark  fuscous,  with  whitish-ochreous 
dorsal  stripe.  Abdomen  pale  fuscous.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex 
of  joints  whitish-ochreous.  Forewings  very  elongate,  costa  gently 
arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded  ; 
purplish-fuscous,  suffusedly  irrorated  with  dark  fuscous ;  an 
ochreous-whitish  dot  above  middle  at  J;  an  ochreous- whitish  streak 
along  inner  margin  from  near  base  to  anal  angle,  attenuated  pos- 
teriorly, its  upper  edge  forming  three  subtriangular  projections  ; 
a  moderate  subtriangular  ochreous-whitish  spot  on  costa  at  ^  :, 
cilia  fuscous  mixed  with  dark  fuscous.  Hindwings  rather  light 
fuscous,  slightly  bras.sy- tinged  ;  cilia  light  fuscous. 

Melbourne,  Victoria ;  one  specimen  received  from  Mr.  G.  H. 
Raynor. 

86.  Tin.  chaotica,  n.sp. 

^2-  11-14  mm.  Head  whitish-ochreous.  Palpi  dark  fuscous, 
apex  whitish-ochreous.  Antennas  fuscous.  Thorax  dark  fuscous, 
with  whitish-ochreous  dorsal  stripe.  Abdomen  dark  grey.  Legs 
dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and  hairs  of  posterior  tibiae  whitish- 
ochreous.     Forewings  very  elongate,  costa   gently  arched,  apex 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  539 

acute,  hindmargin  extremely  obliquely  rounded  ;  fuscous,  irrorated 
with  dark  fuscous ;  generally  a  strong  ochreous-whitish  longi- 
tudinal submedian  streak  from  base  to  hindmargin  above  anal 
angle,  thence  continued  as  a  suffused  band  along  hindmargin  to 
costa,  but  this  is  sometimes  obscure  or  partially  absent  or  mixed 
with  groundcolour ;  two  blackish-fuscous  spots  on  upper  edge  of 
this  before  and  beyond  middle,  and  two  others  on  lower  edge, 
sometimes  extended  as  oblique  marks  to  inner  margin,  sometimes 
placed  in  a  whitish  subdorsal  suffused  streak :  cilia  ochreous- 
whitish,  with  dark  fuscous  suffused  blotches  at  apex  and  above 
anal  angle,  and  a  blackish  line  near  base.  Hindwings  grey  ;  cilia 
whitish-grey. 

Fernshaw,  Victoria;  Deloraine  and  Mount  Wellington,  Tas- 
mania ;  from  November  to  January,  common.  This  is  an  exceed- 
ingly variable  insect,  and  usually  very  obscure  in  appearance, 
though  hardly  likely  to  be  confused  with  any  other ;  the  allied 
species  have  tlieir  markings  much  more  clearly  defined. 

87.   Tin.  coUeta,  n.sp. 

(^.  10-11  mm.  Head  pale  whitish-yellow.  Palpi  dark  fuscous. 
Antennae  grey.  Thorax  dark  fuscous,  with  whitish-yellowish 
dorsal  stripe.  Abdomen  grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair 
ochreous-whitish.  Forewings  very  elongate,  costa  gently  arched, 
apex  acute,  hindmargin  extremely  obliquely  rounded  ;  dark  pur- 
plish-fuscous mixed  with  blackish;  markings  pale  whitish-yellowish; 
a  broad  streak  along  costa  from  near  base  to  f,  attenuated  to 
extremities ;  a  moderate  streak  along  inner  margin  from  base  to 
anal  angle ;  a  blotch  from  costa  immediately  before  hindmargin, 
not  reaching  either  of  the  longitudinal  streaks  :  cilia  light  fuscous 
mixed  with  darker,  at  apex  dark  fuscous,  on  costal  blotch  whitish- 
yellowish.     Hindwings  grey  ;  cilia  whitish-grey. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  in  September  and  Octobei',  two 
specimens. 

88.   Tin.  acrozi/ga,  n.sp. 

^.  9-11  mm.  Head  whitish-yellowish,  face  sometimes  ferrugin- 
ous-tinged.     Palpi   and    antennae    dark    fuscous.      Thorax    dark 


540  DESCRIPTIONS    OF    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

fuscous,  with  yellow- whitish  dorsal  stripe.  Abdomen  grey.  Legs 
dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  ochreous- whitish.  Forewings  very 
elougate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  acute,  hindmargin  extremely 
obliquely  rounded  ;  white  suffusedly  mixed  with  whitish-yellowish, 
especially  towards  margins ;  a  broad  straight  dark  fuscous  median 
longitudinal  streak  from  base  to  hindmargin,  upper  edge  with  a 
triangular  projection  at  I  not  reaching  costa  :  cilia  fuscous  mixed 
with  blackish,  on  costa  and  anal  angle  yellow-whitish.  Hindwings 
light  grey  ;  cilia  grey-whitish. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  Gerald  ton  and  Perth,  We.st  Aus- 
tralia; in  September  and  October,  six  specimens.  Larva  16-legged, 
abdominal  legs  very  rudimentary  ;  elongate,  slender,  somewhat 
flattened,  tapering  at  both  ends,  segments  rather  deeply  incised  ; 
ochreous-yellow ;  dorsal  vessel  dull  greenish  ;  head  very  small, 
black ;  second  segment  suffused  with  blackish ;  anal  segment 
minute,  black  :  mines  a  flat  discoloured  blotch  occupying  apical 
portion  of  leaves  of  Hakea  dactyloides  [Proteaceae),  in  August ; 
pu)>a  free,  within  the  mine. 

89.   Tin.  lativitteUa,  Walk. 
(Elachista  lativitteUa,  Walk.  898.) 

(J^.  9-12  mm.  Head  pale  whitish-yellowish,  face  often  ferru- 
ginous-tinged. Palpi  and  antennae  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  dark 
fuscovis,  with  yellow-whitish  dorsal  stripe.  Abdomen  grey.  Legs 
dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  ochreous-whitish.  Forewings  very 
elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  acute,  liindmargin  extremely 
obliquely  rounded ;  white,  suffused  with  whitish-ochreous  towards 
margins;  a  broad  straight  dark  purple-fuscous  median  longitudinal 
streak  from  base  to  hindmargin,  upper  edge  straight  throughout  : 
cilia  fuscous  mixed  with  blackish,  on  costa  and  anal  angle  ochreous- 
whitish.     Hindwings  pale  grey  ;  cilia  grey-whitish. 

Sydney  and  Blackheath  (3500  feet),  New  South  Wales ;  Perth, 
West  Australia  ;  from  August  to  November,  and  in  February, 
rather  common.  Larva  16-legged,  elongate,  cylindrical,  slightly 
tapering  at  both  ends  ;  dull  yellowish-grey;  head  reddish-ochreous, 


BY   E.  MEYRICK.  541 

second  and  anal  segments  rather  lighter  ochreous ;  feeds  on 
Isopogon  anemonifolius  {Proteaceae),  uniting  four  or  five  needles 
into  a  firm  tube,  and  eating  away  upper  portion,  in  September  ; 
|iu[)a  free  within  the  tube. 

90.   Tin.  tetroim,  n.sp. 

(J.  14  mm.  Head  and  palpi  ochreous-whitish.  Antennae  dark 
fuscous.  Thorax  dark  fuscous,  with  ochreous-whitish  dorsal  stripe. 
Abdomen  grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and  posterior 
pair  whitish.  Forewings  very  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex 
acute,  hindmargin  extremely  obliquely  rounded  ;  dark  fuscous ; 
six  white  spots  on  costa,  fourth  and  fifth  (at  i  and  f)  large,  others 
small ;  a  whitish-ochreous  streak  along  inner  margin  from  base  to 
anal  angle,  deeper  ochreous  towards  upper  edge,  upper  edge  with 
six  short  irregular  projections ;  a  white  dot  in  disc  near  apex,  and 
another  on  hindmargin  beneath  apex  :  cilia  pale  whitish-fuscous 
mixed  with  dark  fuscous,  on  costa  spotted  obscurely  with  whitish. 
Hindwings  grey  ;  cilia  pale  grey. 

Mount  Lofty,  South  Australia  ;  one  specimen  received  from 
Mr.  0.  B.  Lower. 

91.   Tin.  trypliera,  n.sp. 

(J.  13-17  mm.  Head  pale  whitish-yellowish.  Palpi  whitish, 
beneath  dark  fuscous.  Antennte  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  dark 
fuscous,  with  yellow-whitish  dorsal  stripe.  Abdomen  grey.  Legs 
dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and  posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings 
very  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  tolerably  acute,  hind- 
margin extremely  obliquely  rounded ;  rather  dark  fuscous  ;  two 
white  dots  on  costa  beyond  middle,  and  sometimes  three  or  four 
others  towards  apex ;  a  whitish-ochreous  yellowish-tinged  streak 
along  inner  margin  from  base  to  anal  angle,  upper  edge  with 
numerous  irregular  serrations,  margined  by  a  blackish  suffusion  : 
cilia  rather  dark  fuscous,  on  anal  angle  whitish,  on  costa  dotted 
with  whitish.     Hindwings  pale  grey ;  cilia  whitish-grey. 

Sydney,  Blackheath  (3500  feet),  and  Mittagong,  New  South 
Wales ;  in  August,  October,  and  March,  six  specimens.  Larva 
16-legged,  somewhat  flattened,  tapering  at  both  ends;  dull  blackish. 


542  DESCRIPTIONS    OP   AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

tinged  with  green,  darkest  on  dorsal  and  spiracular  lines  ;  spots 
minute,  pale ;  head  small,  ochreous-brown,  on  crown  blackish ; 
second  and  anal  segments  black  :  feeds  between  joined  leaves  of 
Persoonia  salicina  (Proteaceae),  in  July ;  pupa  in  a  dense  white 
cocoon. 

92.   Tin.  melitocoma,  n.sp. 

^.  10  mm.  Head  ochreous-yellowish.  Antennae  dark  fuscous. 
Thorax  fuscous.  Abdomen  grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex 
of  joints  and  posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings  very  elongate, 
costa  gently  arched,  apex  acute,  hindmargin  extremely  obliquely 
rounded ;  ochreous-brown,  irrorated  with  dark  fuscous  :  cilia 
light  ochreous-brownish,  mixed  with  dark  fuscous.  Hindwings 
and  cilia  grey. 

Mittagong  (2000  feet),  New  South  Wales ;  one  specimen  in 
March. 

93.   Tin.  mu7'icata,  n.sp. 

^.  6  mm.  Head  and  palpi  whitish.  Antennae,  thorax,  abdo- 
men, and  legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  tibiae  and  apex  of  tarsal 
joints  whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  a})ex 
acute,  hindmargin  extremely  obliquely  rounded ;  deep  fuscous- 
purple,  with  a  few  scattered  pale  fuscous  scales:  cilia  fuscous  mixed 
with  dark  fuscous.  Hindwings  fuscous,  tinged  with  golden- 
purplish  ;  cilia  light  fuscous. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales  ;  one  specimen  in  November. 

94.   Tin.  2}^ioenicopa,  n.sp. 

^Q.  6-7  mm.  Head  ferruginous,  with  some  whitish-ochreous 
hairs.  Palpi  whitish.  Antennse,  thorax,  abdomen,  and  legs  dark 
fuscous,  posterior  tibise  and  apex  of  tarsal  joints  whitish.  Fore- 
wings  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  acute,  hindmai'gin 
extremely  obliquely  rounded ;  purple-fuscous,  irrorated  with  dark 
fuscous,  sometimes  with  scattered  ochreous-whitish  scales,  especially 
posteriorly  :  cilia  purplish-fuscous  mixed  with  whitish,  with  a 
strong  black  line  at  ^.  Hindwings  rather  dark  purplish-grey ; 
cilia  grey. 


BY    E.   MEYRICK. 


543 


Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  Wirrabara,  South  Australia ;  in 
October,  locally  common. 

95.   Tin.  spodina,  n.sp. 

(J.  8-9  mm.  Head,  palpi,  and  thorax  white.  Antennse  whitish. 
Abdomen  grey.  Legs  dark  grey,  apex  of  joints  and  posterior  pair 
whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  acute, 
hindmargin  extremely  obliquely  rounded  ;  pale  greyish-ochreous 
or  whitish-fuscous,  irrorated  with  fuscous  or  dark  fuscous  :  cilia 
whitish-fuscous,  with  complete  dark  fuscous  lines  at  ^  and  tips, 
base  mixed  with  dark  fuscous  points.  Hindwings  rather  dark 
grey,  with  strong  purple  and  brassy  reflections  ;  cilia  light  grey. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  in  September  and  October,  five 
specimens.  Lai'va  undescribed,  mining  in  leaves  of  Persoonia 
lanceolata  (Proteaceae),  in  September ;  when  full-fed  it  cuts  out  a 
narrow  flattened-cylindrical  case  to  pupate  in. 

96.   Tin.  ejnmochla,  n.sp. 

(J.  9  mm.  Head  fuscous,  mixed  with  whitish  posteriorly. 
Palpi  and  antennae  whitish.  Thorax  fuscous,  sprinkled  with 
whitish.  Abdomen  and  legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  tarsal  joints 
and  hairs  of  posterior  tibiae  whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  costa 
gently  arched,  apex  acute,  hindmargin  extremely  obliquely  rounded; 
dark  purplish-fuscous,  finely  and  closely  irrorated  with  whitish : 
cilia  whitish-fuscous,  with  antemedian,  subapical,  and  apical  dark 
fuscous  lines,  antemedian  line  in  costal  cilia  very  strong  and  black, 
Hindwings  dark  purplish-fuscous  ;  cilia  dark  grey. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales  ;  in  September,  one  specimen. 

97,   Tin.  monojjhthalma,  n.sp. 

^$.  8-14  mm.  Head,  palpi,  antennae,  and  thorax  white. 
Abdomen  whitish-grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and 
posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  gently  arched, 
apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded  ;  white 
finely  irrorated  with  dark  grey  posteriorly  ;  sometimes  the  iriro 


'»^AL' 


544  DESCRIPTIONS    OF   AUSTRALIAN   MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

tion  extends  throughout  the  wing,  but  is  always  more  dense 
posteriorly ;  the  irroration  is  rarely  ochreous-f  uscous  ;  sometimes 
a  small  round  spot  of  darker  suffusion  in  disc  at  |  :  cilia  white, 
finely  irrorated  with  dark  fuscous,  with  antemedian,  subapical,  and 
apical  dark  lines,  antemedian  line  in  custal  cilia  very  strong  and 
black.  Hindwings  rather  dark  grey,  with  purple  and  brassy 
reflections  ;  cilia  whitish-grey,  darker  towards  base. 

Brisbane,  Queensland ;  Sydney,  Bathurst,  and  Mount  Kosciusko 
(4300  feet),  New  South  Wales ;  Deloraine,  Tasmania ;  Woodside, 
South  Australia ;  Albany,  West  Australia  ;  from  September  to 
March,  very  common. 

98.   Tin.  vetula,  n.sp. 

^^.  10-13  mm.  Head  white,  forehead  more  or  less  suffused 
with  ochreous-yellovv.  Palpi,  antennae,  thorax,  abdomen,  and  legs 
wliite ;  anterior  tibiae  dark  fuscous.  Forewings  very  elongate, 
costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  very  obliquely 
rounded  ;  white,  finely  and  sometimes  very  slightly  sprinkled  with 
pale  ochreous-yellow  :  cilia  white.  Hindwings  rather  dark  grey  ; 
cilia  whitish-grey,  suffused  with  white  towards  apex  and  anal 
angle. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  in  November  and  Decembei", 
common.  Larva  apodal,  elongate,  cylindrical,  segments  deeply 
incised,  last  two  much  attenuated,  head  very  small,  semicircular ; 
dull  deep  yellow ;  mouth  blackish  :  mines  an  elongate  pearshaped 
blotch  in  leaves  of  Banksia  integrifolia  (Proteaceae),  in  July,  both 
surfaces  thickened  and  fleshy  as  in  a  gall ;  often  several  in  one 
leaf  :  pupa  within  the  mine. 

99.  Tin.  lyhauloptera,  n.sp. 

^9.  8-9  mm.  Head  white,  forehead  fuscous.  Palpi  white. 
Antennse  white,  annulated  with  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  white, 
sprinkled  with  dark  fuscous.  Abdomen  whitish-grey.  Legs  dark 
fuscous,  middle  pair  mixed  with  white,  posterior  pair  white. 
Forewings  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hind- 
margin   very   obliquely   rounded ;    white,  rather  thinly  irrorated 


BY   E.  MEYRICK.  545 

with  dark  fuscous  or  ochreous-brown ;  generally  a  sufi'used 
ochreous-brown  spot  on  inner  margin  at  |,  and  a  more  or  less  ill- 
detined  cloudy  fascia  from  |  of  costa  to  anal  angle,  but  these  are 
sometimes  obsolete  :  cilia  white,  irrorated  with  daik  fuscous,  basal 
third  white  barred  with  ochreous-brown,  limited  by  a  line  of  black 
points.     Hind  wings  light  grey  ;  cilia  whitish-grey. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  Deloraine,  Tasmania ;  from  Sep- 
tember to  November,  common.  Larva  apodal,  head  and  second 
segment  enormously  large,  thence  suddenly  narrower  and  attenuated 
posteriorly  throughout,  segments  deeply  incised,  head  semi- 
elliptical  ;  whitish,  dorsal  vessel  conspicuously  green ;  head  and 
dorsal  area  of  second  segment  black  :  mines  a  broad  gradually 
dilated  gallery  in  leaves  of  Banksia  serrata  (Proteaceae),  usually 
along  margin,  in  July  ;  when  full-fed,  cuts  out  an  oval  case  from 
the  leaf  to  pupate  in,  and  lets  itself  down. 

100.   Tin.  microspora,  n.sp. 

$.  9  mm.  Head  and  palpi  white.  Antennae  white,  spotted 
with  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  white.  Abdomen  ochreous-whitish. 
Legs  white,  anterior  pair  dark  fuscous.  Forewings  elongate,  costa 
gently  arched,  apex  acute,  hindmargin  extremely  obliquely 
rounded ;  white ;  a  few  scattered  blackish  scales,  especially 
towards  anal  angle  :  cilia  white,  with  a  very  few  blackish  points 
arranged  in  a  median  line,  and  a  small  spot  at  anal  angle.  Hind- 
wings  grey-whitish ;  cilia  white. 

Perth,  West  Australia  ;  in  October,  one  specimen. 

101.  Tin.  aelurodes,  n.sp. 

(^9.  8-10  mm.  Head  white  or  ochreous-white,  forehead  fuscous 
or  pale  ochi'eous.  Palpi  and  antennae  white.  Thorax  ochreous- 
white.  Abdomen  grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and 
posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings  very  elongate,  costa  gently 
arched,  apex  tolerably  acute,  hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded  ; 
whitish-ochreous,  irrorated  with  rather  dark  fuscous  ;  two  blackish- 
fuscous  dots  obliquely  placed  and  sometimes  confluent  in  middle 
of  disc,  and  a  third  in  disc  at  |  :  cilia  ochreous-whitish  irrorated 


546  DESCRIPTIONS    OF   AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

with  dark  fuscous,  with  a  strong  black  line  at  ^.  Hindwings 
grey,  with  brassy  and  purple  reflections  ;  cilia  light  grey,  towards 
tips  more  whitish. 

Albany,  West  Australia  ;  in  December,  five  specimens. 

102.  Tin.  nectarea,  n.sp. 

^9.  8-11  mm.  Head  light  ochreous-yellow,  face  ferruginous. 
Palpi  white.  Antennae  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  pale  yellow. 
Abdomen  dark  grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and 
posterior  pair  ochreous-whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  gently 
arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded  ; 
light  ochreous-yellow  ;  markings  dark  coppery-fuscous ;  a  streak 
along  costa  from  base  to  beyond  middle  ;  a  large  apical  patch,  its 
anterior  edge  straight,  extending  from  |  of  costa  to  inner  margin 
before  anal  angle  :  cilia  coppery-fuscous,  with  three  dark  fuscous 
lines.  Hindwings  rather  dark  fuscous,  with  coppery  or  brassy 
reflections  ;  cilia  grey,  more  whitish  towards  tips. 

Brisbane,  Queensland ;  Sydney  and  Bathurst,  New  South 
Wales  ;  Melbourne,  Victoria  ;  Georges  Bay,  Tasmania  ;  Albany, 
West  Australia ;  from  September  to  March,  common.  I  have 
bred  this  species  from  flattened-oval  irregular-edged  cases,  found 
in  plenty  on  stems  of  Acacia  decurrens,  in  September,  but  these 
were  probably  pupation-cases  only,  as  in  some  other  species  ;  I 
failed  to  find  the  larvse  feeding,  and  they  may  have  come  from 
Eucalyptus  trees  near. 

103.  Tin.  teleochra,  n.sp. 

(^9.  12  mm.  Head  whitish-ochreous,  yellowish-tinged.  Palpi 
whitish,  externally  fuscous.  Antennae  grey,  in  9  ringed  with 
whitish.  Thorax  pale  ochreous-yellowish,  shoulders  with  a  dark 
fuscous  spot.  Abdomen  grey-whitish.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex 
of  joints  and  posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  costa 
gently  arched,  apex  tolei'ably  acute,  hindmargin  very  obliquely 
rounded ;  whitish-ochreous,  somewhat  mixed  with  pale  shining 
ochreous ;  a  few  scattered   dark   fuscous  scales,  tending  to  form 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  547 

small  dots  :  cilia  whitish-ochreous,  terminal  half  on  hindmargin 
suffused  with  rather  dark  fuscous.  Hindwings  whitish-grey ;  cilia 
grey-whitish. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  in  August,  two  specimens. 

16.  Chrysoryctis,  Meyr. 

Head  densely  rough-haired ;  ocelli  absent ;  tongue  short. 
Antennse  almost  or  quite  1,  in  (J  shortly  pubescent  or  simple, 
joints  closely  set,  basal  joint  without  pecten.  Labial  palpi 
moderate,  porrected,  second  joint  shortly  rough-scaled,  with  several 
bristles  towards  apex,  terminal  joint  short,  rough-scaled  beneath, 
tolerably  pointed.  Maxillary  palpi  long,  tolerably  filiform,  folded. 
Posterior  tibiae  clothed  with  long  hairs.  Forewings  with  vein  1 
furcate,  7  to  costa,  11  from  before  middle.  Hindwings  |-1, 
elongate-ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  cilia  1 ;  veins  tolerably  parallel. 

Differs  from  Tinea  essentially  only  by  the  longer  antennae, 
which  are  almost  or  quite  as  long  as  the  forewings,  whilst  in  Tinea 
they  are  at  least  one-sixth  shorter  ;  but  the  difference  is  sufficiently 
well-marked,  and  the  genus  is  a  natural  and  easily  recognisable 
one,  all  the  species  being  yellow  with  similar  dark  markings.  The 
genus  is  confined  to  the  Australian  region,  and  is  doubtless  an 
endemic  development  of  Tinea. 

1.  Thorax   whitish-ochreous,   anteriorly   suf- 

fused with  fuscous 115.  ochracea. 

Thorax  dark  purple-fuscous 2. 

2.  Forewings  with  broad  dark  basal  fascia...    109.  purella. 
Forewings  with  only  extreme  base  da^k...  3. 

3.  Forewings  with  dark  hindmarginal  fascia  4 
Forewings    without    dai'k    hindmarginal 

fascia 11. 

4.  Forewings  with  hindmarginal  fascia  con- 

taining pale  markings 5. 

Forewings  with  hindmarginal  fascia  not 

containing  pale  markings , 8. 


548  DESCRIPTIONS    OF    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

5.  Forewings  with  fascia  containing  a  yellow 

spot 6. 

Forewings  with  fascia  containing  a  curved 

whitish  fascia 104.  xystidojyhora. 

6.  Included  yellow  spot  costal 107.  euryhafhes. 

Included  yellow  spot  hindmarginal 7. 

7.  Forewings  with    costal    dark    streak    ex- 

tending to  5 , 106.  tyrannica. 

Forewings   with    costal    dark    streak    ex- 
tending to  ^...  .., 105.  fraudulenta. 

8.  Forewings  with  erect  mark  from  anal  angle  114.  balanosema. 
Forewings  without  erect  anal  mark 9. 

9.  Forewings   with    anterior  edge  of   fascia 

triangularly  projecting 108.  irruptella. 

Forewings  with  anterior  edge  of  fascia  not 

triangularly  projecting 10. 

10.  Forewings  with   fascia  broad,  extending 

to  I  of  costa 110.  hypocritica. 

Forewings  with  fascia  narrow,  extending 

to  f  of  costa  or  less 111.  ialantias. 

11.  Abdomen  grey 113.  meliphanes. 

Abdomen  light  yeilowish-ochreous 112.  ochranthes. 

104.   Chrys.  xystidophora,  n.sp. 

(J9.  15-19  mm.  Head  pale  ochreous-yellowish.  Palpi  and 
antennae  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  rather  dark  coppery-fuscous. 
Abdomen  light  brownish-ochreous.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  hairs  of 
posterior  tibise  brownish-ochreous.  Forewings  elongate,  costa 
gently  arched,  apex  tolerably  acute,  hindmargin  very  obliquely 
rounded  ;  bright  clear  yellow ;  extreme  base  dark  coppery-fuscous, 
shortly  produced  along  costa ;  a  rather  dark  purple-fuscous  apical 
patch,  anterior  edge  limited  by  a  nearly  straight  darker  line  from 
I  of  costa  to  I  of  inner  margin  ;  within  this  patch  is  a  cloudy 
whitish  strongly  inwards-curved  fascia  from  costa  before  apex  to 
hindmargin  above  anal  angle :  cilia  whitish-fuscous,  with  several 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  549 

dark  fuscous  lines,  basal  third  sometimes  suffused  with  white  so 
as  to  form  with  fascia  of  wing  an  annular  patch.  Hindwings 
rather  dark  purplish-bronzy-fuscous  ;  cilia  fuscous. 

Duariuga  and  Rosewood,  Queensland ;  Bathurst  and  Sydney, 
New  South  Wales;  in  September, "Kovember,  and  March,  not 
uncommon. 

105.  Chrys.  fraudulenta,  Ros. 

(Tinea  fraudulens,  (form,  prav.,)  Rosenst.,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat. 
Hist.  1885,  437,  pi.  xi.,  12.) 

9.  14-15  mm.  Head  light  ochreous-yellow.  Palpi  whitish 
Antennae  pale  fuscous.  Thorax  rather  dark  coppery-fuscous. 
Abdomen  greyish-ochreous.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  tibiae 
greyish-ochreous.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  moderately  arched, 
apex  roundpointed,  hindmargiu  very  obliquely  rounded ;  bright 
clear  yellow ;  a  narrow  dark  coppery-fuscous  streak  along  basal 
third  of  costa,  extended  at  base  to  inner  margin  ;  a  deep  purple 
apical  patch,  mixed  and  margined  with  dark  fuscous,  anterior 
edge  extending  from  |  of  costa  to  f  of  inner  margin,  hardly 
curved,  containing  a  large  oval  clear  yellow  spot  resting  on  hind- 
margin  beneath  apex  :  cilia  fuscous- whitish  irrorated  with  dark 
fuscous.  Hindwings  rather  dark  purplish-bronzy-fuscous  ;  cilia 
light  fuscous. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  Melbourne,  Victoria ;  IVfount 
Graham,  South  Australia ;  Carnarvon,  West  Australia  ;  in  Octo- 
ber, December,  and  January,  not  uncommon.  I  have  altered  the 
inadmissible  form  of  Rosenstock's  specific  name. 

106,  Chrjis.  tyrannica,  n.sp, 

^5.  13-16  mm.  Head  light  ochreous-yellow.  Palpi  dark 
fuscous.  Antennae  whitish,  base  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  rather 
dark  coppery-fuscous.  Abdomen  pale  ochreous.  Legs  dark 
fnscous,  posterior  tibiae  ochreous-whitish.  Foi'ewings  elongate, 
costa  moderately  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  very 
obliquely  rounded  ;  bright  clear  yellow  ;  a  rather  dark  coppery- 
fuscous  streak  along  basal  fifth  of  costa,  extended  at  base  to  inn^r 


550  DESCRIPTIONS    OP   AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

margin;  a  deep  purple  apical  patch,  mixed  and  margined  with 
dark  fuscous,  anterior  edge  extending  from  |  of  costa  to  J  of  inner 
mai'gin,  almost  straight,  containing  a  small  suffused  pale  yellow 
spot  near  hindmargin  beneath  apex :  cilia  fuscous-whitish  irrorated 
with  dark  fuscous.  Hindwirigs  rather  dark  bronzy-fuscous  ;  cilia 
light  fuscous. 

Duaringa,  Queensland ;  in  October  and  February,  three  speci- 
mens received  from  Mr.  G.  Barnard. 

107.  Chrys.  eurybaphes,  n.sp. 

(^5.  18-22  mm.  Head  light  ochreous-yellow.  Palpi  and 
antennfe  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  dark  purplish-fuscous.  Abdomen 
and  legs  dark  fuscous,  hairs  of  posterior  tibiie  brownish-ochreous. 
Forewings  very  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed, 
hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded;  light  golden-yellow;  markings 
dark  purple-fuscous;  a  streak  along  costa  from  base  to  apical 
patch,  extended  at  base  to  inner  margin ;  a  large  apical  patch, 
anterior  edge  extending  from  beyond  middle  of  costa  to  f  of  inner 
margin,  straight,  containing  a  sometimes  cloudy  yellow  spot  on 
costa  at  5 :  cilia  dark  purple-fuscous.  Hindwings  rather  dark 
bronzy-fuscous  ;  cilia  fuscous. 

Blackheath  (3500  feet),  New  South  Wales;  Port  Lincoln,  South 
Australia ;  in  October  and  November,  six  specimens. 

108.  Chrys.  irriqytella,  Walk. 

( Oecophora  irruptella,  Walk.  686.) 

(J^.  17-22  mm.  Head  light  ochreous-yellow.  Palpi  dark 
fuscous.  Antennae  whitish,  towards  base  dark  fuscous.  Thorax 
dark  purplish-fuscous.  Abdomen  light  ochreous-brownish.  Legs 
dark  fuscous,  hairs  of  posterior  tibise  pale  greyish-ochreous.  Fore- 
wings  very  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hind- 
margin very  obliquely  rounded ;  pale  golden-yellow ;  markings 
dark  purple-fuscous  ;  a  streak  along  costa  from  base  to  §,  extended 
at  base  to  inner  margin;  an  apical  patch,  its  anterior  edge  extend- 
ing from  I  of  costa  to  inner  margin  before  anal  angle,  lower  half 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  551 

straight,  upper  half  emarginate  so  as  to  form  a  triangular  median 
projection :  cilia  dark  purple-fuscous.  Hindwings  rather  dark 
bronzy-fuscous  ;  cilia  fuscous. 

Melbourne,  Victoria ;  Launceston,  Deloraine,  and  Hobart,  Tas- 
mania ;  from  October  to  December,  rather  common. 

109.  Chrys.  pttrella,  Walk. 
( Incurvaria  purella,  Walk.  491.) 

(J9.  11-14  mm.  Head  light  ochreous-yellow.  Palpi  and  antennae 
dark  fuscous.  Thorax  dark  purple-fuscous.  Abdomen  pale 
ochreous.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  hairs  of  posterior  tibiae  whitish- 
ochreous.  Forewings  very  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex 
acute,  hindmargin  extremely  obliquely  rounded ;  light  golden- 
yellow  ;  markings  dark  purple-fuscous  ;  a  rather  broad  basal  fascia, 
produced  as  a  narrow  streak  on  costa  to  about  middle  ;  an  apical 
patch,  anLerior  edge  extending  from  |  or  |  of  costa  to  |  or  *  of 
inner  margin,  straight  :  cilia  dark  purplish-fuscous.  Hindwings 
ochreous-fuscous  ;  cilia  light  brownish-ochreous. 

Duaringa,  Queensland ;  Bathurst  and  Sydney,  New  South 
Wales  ;  Quorn  and  Mount  Lofty,  South  Australia  ;  in  October 
and  March,  not  uncommon. 

110.   Chrys.  hypocritica,  n.sp. 

(Jj.  14-20  mm.  Head  light  ochreous-yellow.  Palpi  dark 
fuscous.  Antennae  whitish.  Thorax  dark  purplish-fuscous. 
Abdomen  light  yellowish-ochreous  (in  one  specimen  grey).  Legs 
dark  fuscous,  hairs  of  posterior  tibiae  whitish-ochreous.  Forewings 
very  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin 
very  obliquely  rounded ;  light  golden-yellow ;  markings  dark 
purple-fuscous ;  a  narrow  suffused  streak  along  costa  from  base  to 
about  middle,  extended  at  base  to  inner  margin ;  an  apical  patch, 
anterior  edge  extending  from  |  of  costa  to  inner  margin  before 
anal  angle,  curved  near  costa  :  cilia  dark  purple-fuscous.  Hind- 
wings rather  dark  pnrplish-bronzy-fuscous  ;  cilia  fuscous. 
38 


552  DESCRIPTIONS    OP   AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

Blackheath  (3500  feet)  and  Bathurst  (2300  feet),  New  South 
Wales ;  Mount  Lofty  and  Port  Lincoln,  South  Australia ;  in 
November  and  January,  six  specimens. 


111.    Chrys.  talantias,  n.sp. 

(J9.  17-18  mm.  Head  light  ochreous-yellow.  Palpi  and 
antennae  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  rather  dark  purplish-fuscous, 
posterior  extremity  whitish-ochreous.  Abdomen  pale  ochreous. 
Legs  dark  fuscous,  hairs  of  posterior  tibiae  whitish-ochreous. 
Forewings  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  acute,  hindmargin 
extremely  obliquely  rounded ;  pale  ochreous-yellow ;  markings 
rather  dark  purple-fuscous ;  a  narrow  cloudy  streak  along  costa 
from  base  to  near  middle,  extended  at  base  to  inner  margin  ;  a 
narrow  hindmarginal  fascia,  anterior  edge  running  from  ^  or  -f^  of 
costa  to  anal  angle,  str-aight :  cilia  fuscous.  Hindwings  rather 
dark  bronzy-fuscous  ;  cilia  light  ochreous-fuscous. 

Duaringa,  Queensland  ;  Geraldton,  West  Australia  ;  in  Novem- 
ber, four  specimens. 

112.   Chrys.  ochranthes,  n.sp. 

(J^.  15-22  mm.  Head  pale  ochreous-yellow.  Palpi  and 
antennae  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  dark  purple-fuscous.  Abdomen 
light  yellow-ochreous.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  hairs  of  posterior  tibise 
pale  ochreous.  Forewings  very  elongate,  costa  moderately  arched, 
apex  acute,  hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded  ;  whitish-ochreous, 
yellowish  tinged  ;  a  narrow  dark  purplish-fuscous  streak  along 
costa  from  base  to  near  middle,  extended  at  base  to  inner  margin ; 
sometimes  a  few  scattered  dark  fuscous  scales  near  apex  and  hind- 
margin: cilia  dark  purplish-fuscous.  Hindwings  dark  bronzy- 
fuscous  ;  cilia  fuscous. 

Trafalgar,  "Victoria ;  Launceston,  Deloraine,  Campbelltown, 
Georges  Bay,  and  Hobart,  Tasmania  ;  Mount  Lofty,  South  Aus 
tralia  ;  from  November  to  January,  common. 


BY    E.   MEYRICK.  ^        553 

113.   Chrys.  nieliphanes,  n.sp. 

5^$.  13-17  mm.  Head  pale  whitish-ochreous.  Palpi  and 
antennae  fuscous.  Thorax  dark  purplish-fuscous.  Abdomen  grey. 
Legs  dark  fuscous,  hairs  of  posterior  tibiae  whitish-ochreous.  Fore- 
wings  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  very  acute,  hindmargin 
extremely  obliquely  rounded  ;  pale  whitish-yellow  ;  a  dark  fuscous 
streak  along  costa  from  base  to  f  :  cilia  fuscous,  mixed  with  dark 
purple-fuscous  towards  base.  Hind  wings  rather  dark  bronzy - 
fuscous  ;  cilia  fuscous. 

Quorn,  Wirrabara,  and  Mount  Lofty,  South  Australia ;  in 
October  and  November,  common. 

114.  Chrys.  halanosema,  n.sp. 

(J9.  14-15  mm.  Head  pale  ochreous-yellow.  Palpi  dark 
fuscous.  Antennse  whitish-fuscous.  Thorax  purplish-fuscous, 
posterior  extremity  whitish-ochreous.  Abdomen  pale  greyish- 
ochreous.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  whitish-ochreous. 
Forewings  elongate,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  roundpointed, 
hindmargin  extremely  obliquely  rounded ;  whitish-ochreous ;  a 
narrow  cloudy  dark  fuscous  streak  along  costa  from  base  to  about 
middle,  extended  at  base  to  inner  margin;  a  narrow  very  indistinct 
fuscous  suffusion  along  hindmargin,  connected  with  a  cloudy 
fuscous  erect  mark  from  anal  angle,  reaching  more  than  half 
across  wing :  cilia  ochreous-whitish,  densely  irrorated  with 
dark  purple-fuscous.  Hind  wings  rather  dark  bronzy -fuscous  ; 
cilia  fuscous. 

Wollongong,  New  South  Wales  ;  in  October,  two  specimens. 

115.  CJirys.  ochracea,  n.sp. 

(^2-  12-15  mm.  Head  light  ochreous-yello wish.  Palpi  dark 
fuscous.  Antennae  whitish-ochreous.  Thorax  whitish-ochreous, 
anteriorly  suffused  with  fuscous.  Abdomen  whitish-ochreous. 
Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  whitish-ochreous.  Forewings 
very  elongate,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  acute,  hindmargin 
very  obliquely  rounded;  whitish-ochreous;  costal  edge  dark  fuscous 


554  DESCRIPTIONS    OP   AUSTRALIAN   MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

at  base:  cilia  whitish-ochreous,  terminal  half  irrorated  with  fuscous. 
Hindwings  rather  dark  bronzy-fuscous  ;  cilia  whitish-fuscous. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales  ;  from  October  to  January,  and  in 
March,  seven  specimens. 

17.    TiNEOLA,  H-S. 

Head  densely  rough-haired  ;  ocelli  absent ;  tongue  short. 
Antennae  t,  in  ^  pubescent,  joints  closely  set,  basal  joint  with 
pecten.  Labial  palpi  moderate,  porrected,  second  joint  loosely 
scaled,  with  several  long  bristles  towards  apex,  terminal  joint 
moderate,  tolerably  pointed.  Maxillary  palpi  very  shoi't.  Pos- 
terior tibiae  clothed  with  loose  hairs.  Forewings  with  vein  1 
furcate,  7  to  costa,  11  from  before  middle.  Hindwings  1,  elongate- 
ovate,  cilia  |-1  ;  veins  tolerably  parallel. 

This  genus,  closely  allied  to  Tinea  and  only  diftering  from  it  by 
the  undeveloped  maxillary  palpi,  is  represented  only  by  one 
introduced  species. 

116.   Tin.  hiselliella,  Hiim. 

(Tineola  hiselliella,  Hiim.,  Meyr.  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  1887,  101.) 

(J^.  11-15  mm.  Head  pale  yellow-ochreous,  sometimes  more  or 
less  ferruginous-tinged.  Thorax  whitish-ochreous.  Forewings 
elongate,  narrow,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  acute,  hindmargin 
extremely  obliquely  rounded ;  whitish-ochreous  :  cilia  whitish- 
ochreous.  Hindwings  pale  whitish-ochreous-grey  ;  cilia  whitish- 
ochreous. 

Glen  Innes  (3500  feet)  and  Sydney,  New  South  Wales;  Hobart, 
Tasmania  ;  Port  Lincoln,  South  Australia;  Geraldton  and  Perth, 
West  Australia ;  from  October  to  February  and  in  June,  rather 
common.  Introduced  from  Europe,  and  also  occurring  in  New 
Zealand  and  North  America.  The  larva  feeds  on  hair,  wool,  &c., 
especially  in  the  lining  of  furniture. 

18.   Macraeola,  n.g. 

Head  densely  rough-haired  ;  ocelli  absent  ;  tongue  short. 
Antennae  over  1,  in  ^  simple,  joints  closely  set,  basal  joint  with 


BY    E.  MEYRICK,  555 

pecten.  Labial  palpi  moderate,  porrected,  second  joint  loosely 
scaled,  with  a  few  long  bristles  towards  apex,  terminal  joint 
moderate,  tolerably  pointed.  jMaxillary  palpi  absent.  Posterior 
tibias  clothed  with  loose  hairs.  Fore  wings  with  vein  1  furcate,  6 
and  7  stalked,  7  to  costa,  11  from  before  middle.  Hind  wings  ±, 
lanceolate,  cilia  2  ;  veins  5  and  6  stalked. 

A  development  of  Tinea,  characterised  by  the  loss  of  the 
maxillary  palpi,  and  the  increased  development  of  the  antennae, 
which  are  longer  than  the  forewings.  Only  the  one  endemic 
species  is  at  present  known. 

117.   Macr.  linobola,  n.sp. 

(^9-  7-10  mm.  Head  and  thorax  whitish-ochreous.  Palpi  and 
antennae  dark  fuscous.  Abdomen  whitish-grey.  Legs  dark 
fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and  hairs  of  posterior  tibise  whitish-ochreous. 
Forewings  elongate,  narrow,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  acute, 
hindmargin  extremely  obliquely  rounded  ;  pale  greyish-ochreous, 
with  numerovis  irregularly  scattered  dark  fuscous  spots ;  the 
coalescence  of  tliese  forms  an  irregular  median  fascia,  and  an 
interrupted  one  at  |  :  cilia  pale  greyish-ochreous.  Hindwings 
grey  ;  cilia  light  grey. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  from  January  to  March,  three 
specimens. 

19.  Dbjiobrotis,  n.g. 

Head  densely  rough-haired;  ocelli  absent;  tongue  rudimentary. 
Antennse  |,  in  ^  simple,  joints  closely  set,  basal  joint  with  pecten. 
Labial  palpi  moderate,  porrected,  second  joint  loosely  scaled,  with 
a  few  bristles  towards  apex,  terminal  joint  moderate,  tolerably 
pointed.  Maxillary  palpi  long,  tolerably  filiform,  folded.  Pos- 
terior tibise  clothed  with  fine  hairs.  Forewings  with  vein  1 
furcate,  3  absent,  4  absent,  6  and  7  stalked,  7  to  costa,  9  and  10 
stalked,  11  from  ^.  Hindwings  |,  nai-row-lanceolate  or  linear, 
cilia  3-6  ;  transverse  vein  absent  between  2  and  5,  3  absent,  4 
absent,  6  and  7  stalked. 


556  DESCRIPTIONS    OP   AUSTRALIAN   MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

An  endemic  development  of  Tinea,  from  which  it  differs 
essentially  by  the  loss  of  several  veins.  I  have  only  been  able  to 
fully  examine  the  neuration  of  the  first  species  ;  of  the  other  two 
I  possess  only  single  specimens,  and  they  are  so  small  and  narrow- 
winged  that  I  cannot  see  the  neuration  satisfactorily  without 
denudation,  but  it  seems  notwithstanding  to  be  similar ;  the 
excessive  narrowness  of  the  wings  in  these  two  species  makes  it 
improbable  that  the  neuration  is  less  degraded  than  in  the  first, 
and  in  any  case  they  can  be  distinguished  from  Tinea  by  the 
linear  hindwings. 

1,  Hindwings  lanceolate,  cilia  3 118.  anaglypta. 

Hindwings  linear,  cilia  6 2. 

2.  Forewings  with  groundcolour  white 120.   hemi2)hara. 

Forewings  with   groundcolour  pale  greyish- 

ochreous 119.  ocyinorpha. 

118.  Vein,  anaglypta,  n.sp. 

(^9.  7-8  mm.  Head  white,  crown  spotted  with  dark  fuscous. 
Palpi  dark  fuscous.  Antennae  white,  obscurely  ringed  with  dark 
fuscous.  Thorax  white,  sprinkled  with  dark  fuscous.  Abdomen 
whitish-grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and  hairs  of 
posterior  tibise  whitish.  Forewings  elongate-lanceolate ;  white, 
with  scattered  dark  fuscous  strigulse ;  markings  dark  fuscous ;  an 
oblique  mark  from  costa  at  \,  a  second  from  costa  before  middle, 
reaching  half  across  wing  and  confluent  with  a  longitudinal  mark 
in  disc,  a  small  spot  on  costa  beyond  middle,  and  an  oblique  mark 
from  costa  at  f ,  confluent  with  a  longitudinal  mark  in  disc  ;  a  spot 
on  submedian  fold  at  ^,  and  a  longitudinal  mark  on  fold  beyond 
middle  :  cilia  white,  with  three  or  four  lines  of  dark  fuscous 
points.     Hindwings  lanceolate,  cilia  3  ;  grey  ;  cilia  whitish-grey. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  in  December  and  January,  five 
specimens.  Larva  feeds  in  a  portable  case  on  lichens  on  rocks, 
fences,  &c.  ;  case  small,  cylindrical,  apex  rather  tapering,  granu- 
lated with  fragments  of  lichen  and  minute  grains  of  sand,  mouth 
large,  very  oblique. 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  55T 

119.  Dem.  ocymorpha,  n.sp. 

^.  7  mm.  Head  whitish-oclireous.  Palpi  and  antennae  dark 
fuscous.  Thorax  whitish-ochreous,  shoulders  with  a  dark  fuscous 
spot.  Abdomen  light  grey.  Legs  dtirk  fuscous,  apex  of  joints 
and  posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings  elongate-lanceolate,  narrow; 
pale  greyish-ochreous,  with  a  few  blackish  scales ;  costa  and  inner 
margin  marked  with  whitish  strigulse,  on  costa  separated  by  small 
black  spots  ;  a  blackish  fascia  before  middle,  and  a  broader  one 
beyond  middle,  both  interrupted  in  disc  with  ochreous  ;  a  black 
longitudinal  mark  in  disc  towards  apex,  surrounded  by  an 
ochreous  suffusion  :  cilia  very  pale  greyish-ochreous,  with  two  fine 
black  lines,  inner  line  limiting  a  round  black  spot  above  apex 
marked  with  two  white  dots.  Hindwings  linear,  cilia  6  ;  grey  ; 
cilia  pale  ochreous-grey. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales  ;  in  March,  one  specimen. 

120.  Dem.  hemiphara,  n.sp. 

(J.  8  mm.  Head  and  antennae  ochreous-white.  Palpi  white, 
with  a  dark  grey  median  band.  Thorax  white,  shoulders  dark 
fuscous.  Abdomen  whitish.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints 
and  posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings  elongate-lanceolate,  narrow; 
white,  partially  finely  sprinkled  with  ochreous-yellowish;  markings 
fuscous,  mixed  with  blackish  ;  a  patch  extending  over  nearly  basal 
half  of  wing,  outer  edge  rather  oblique  ;  a  streak  along  costa  from 
\  to  apex,  marked  with  three  or  four  whitish  strigulse,  and  one 
along  hindmargin  froiii  anal  angle  to  apex,  confluent  together 
posteriorly  and  with  a  short  longitudinal  streak  in  di.sc  towards 
apex  :  cilia  fuscous-whitish,  basal  half  on  costa  fuscous  mixed  with 
blackish  and  marked  with  extensions  of  white  costal  strigulse. 
Hindwings  linear,  cilia  6  ;  grey  ;  cilia  whitish-grey. 

Brisbane,  Queensland  ;  Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  in  Septem- 
ber and  October,  two  specimens. 

20.  Endophthora,  Meyr. 
Head   densely   rough-haired ;    ocelli  present ;   tongue   obsolete. 
Antennee  %  in  ^  simple,  joints  closely  set,  basal  joint  with  pecten. 


558  DESCRIPTIONS    OP    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

Labial  palpi  moderate,  porrected,  second  joint  with  appressed 
scales,  slightly  rough  beneath,  with  a  few  long  bristles  towards 
apex,  terminal  joint  moderate,  tolerably  pointed.  Maxillary  palpi 
long,  filiform,  folded.  Posterior  tibiae  clothed  with  long  fine  hairs. 
Forewings  with  vein  1  simple,  4  absent,  7  to  costa,  11  from  ^. 
Hindwings  f-|,  narrow-lanceolate,  cilia  2-3 ;  veins  5  and  6  some- 
times stalked. 

Besides  the  following  species  there  are  four  in  New  Zealand, 
and  it  is  therefore  probable  that  the  genus  is  a  development  of 
Tinea,  originating  in  New  Zealand,  of  which  a  straggler  has  made 
its  way  to  the  Australian  region. 

121.  End.  oxytona,  n.sp. 

(J.  10-11  mm.  Head  white,  face  mixed  with  fuscous.  Palpi 
white,  externally  dark  fuscous  except  apex  of  joints.  Antennae 
white,  annulated  with  dark  fuscous.  Thoi'ax  white,  mixed  with 
dark  fuscous.  Abdomen  whitish-grey.  Legs  dai-k  fuscous,  apex 
of  joints  and  posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings  vei'y  elongate, 
narrow,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  acute,  hindmargin  extremely 
obliquely  rounded ;  white,  mixed  with  pale  ochreous  ;  markings 
fuscous  irrorated  with  black  ;  a  broad  streak  along  costa  from  base 
to  beyond  middle,  apex  truncate ;  an  irregular  suffusion  along 
inner  margin  from  base  to  anal  angle,  where  it  expands  into  a 
spot,  and  is  preceded  by  some  scattered  black  scales  in  disc  ;  a 
small  cloudy  spot  on  costa  at  |  :  cilia  white,  on  hindmargin 
irrorated  with  pale  ochreous,  with  two  or  three  incomplete  lines 
of  black  points,  with  a  blackish  elongate  spot  at  apex.  Hindwings 
light  grey  ;  cilia  ochreous-grey-whitish. 

Port  Lincoln,  South  Australia  ;  in  November,  two  specimens. 

21.  Mychonoa,  n.g. 

Head  rough-haired;  ocelli  present;  tongue  developed.  Antennse 
f ,  in  ^  pubescent,  joints  closely  set,  basal  joint  without  pecten. 
Labial  palpi  moderate,  rather  drooping,  loosely  scaled,  slender, 
terminal    joint    as    long   as    second,    pointed.       Maxillary   palpi 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  559 

rudimentary.  Posterior  tibiae  with  appressed  scales.  Forewings 
with  vein  1  simple,  7  absent,  10  absent,  11  from  middle.  Hind- 
wings  I,  elongate-ovate,  cilia  1  ;  veins  3  and  4  stalked,  7  absent, 

A  peculiar  and  rather  isolated  genus,  apparently  allied  to  Tinea, 
but  with  the  structure  partially  degraded.  Only  the  one  species 
is  known  to  me. 

122.   Mych.  mesozona,  n.sp. 

(J.  12  mm.  Head  pale  brownish-ochreous.  Palpi  pale  ochreous, 
externally  mixed  with  dark  fuscous.  Antennae  fuscous.  Thorax, 
abdomen,  and  legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  legs  suffused  with 
whitish-ochreous.  Forewings  very  elongate,  costa  gently  arched, 
aptjx  roundpointed,  hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded;  dark 
ochreous-fuscous,  with  numerous  irregular  transverse  partially 
confluenc  pale  leaden-grey  lines ;  a  dark  spot  of  groundcolour  on 
middle  of  inner  margin :  cilia  ochreous-fuscous,  with  several  lines 
of  dark  fuscous  points.     Hindwings  and  cilia  dark  fuscous. 

Rosewood,  Queensland  ;  one  specimen  in  September,  amongst 
dense  scrub. 

22.  Dryadaula,  n.g. 

Head  rough-haired ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue  absent.  Antennse 
f,  in  ^  tiliform,  simple,  basal  joint  with  pecten.  Labial  palpi 
moderately  long,  porrected,  second  joint  rough-scaled  towards  apex 
beneath,  terminal  joint  moderately  long,  dilated  with  rather  loose 
scales.  Maxillary  palpi  long,  tiliform,  folded.  Posterior  tibiae 
clothed  with  long  hairs.  Forewings  with  vein  1  furcate  (?),  7  and 
8  stalked,  7  to  costa,  11  from  J.  Hindwings  1,  elongate-ovate, 
cilia  1 ;  vein  5  absent,  6  and  7  from  a  point  or  stalked,  6  to  hind- 
margin. 

Nearly  allied  to  the  following  genera,  but  the  exact  relationship 
is  uncertain.  Besides  the  one  Australian  species  I  have  a  second 
from  New  Zealand. 

123.  Dryad,  glycinojm,  n.sp. 

(J9.  9-10  mm.  Head  yellow-whitish,  crown  more  yellowish- 
tinged.  Palpi  whitish,  second  joint  with  a  brownish  subapical 
band.     Antennse  whitish,  with  three  dark  fuscous  bands  on  apical 


560  DESCRIPTIONS    OF    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

half.  Thorax  pale  yellowish.  Abdomen  grey.  Legs  whitish, 
anterior  and  middle  tarsi  spotted  with  blackish.  Forewings  very 
elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  round  pointed,  hindmargin 
extremely  obliquely  rouiided  ;  pale  whitish-yellowish,  ochreous- 
tinged ;  markings  yellow-ochreous,  suffused  with  fuscous  on  costa, 
intervening  spaces  more  whitish  towards  costa  ;  a  very  oblique 
streak  from  costa  near  base  to  fold,  and  another  from  ^  of  costa 
to  middle  of  disc  ;  an  oblique  blotch  on  costa  about  f  ;  a  spot  on 
costa  before  apex  ;  an  irregular  obscure  suffusion  along  inner 
margin ;  an  irregular  longitudinal  line  of  blackish  scales  towards 
hindmargin  above  middle  ;  a  suffused  blackish  line  along  hind- 
margin  from  apex  to  anal  angle  :  cilia  whitish-yellowish,  partially 
suffused  with  yellow-ochreous.  Hindwings  grey  or  pale  grey  ; 
cilia  whitish-grey  or  whitish. 

Blackheath  (3500  feet),  New  South  Wales  ;  Deloraine,  Tas- 
mania ;  in  November  and  February,  three  specimens. 

23.  Chorocosma,  n.g. 

Head  rough-haired  ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue  absent.  Antennae 
f,  in  (J  filiform,  simple,  basal  joint  without  pecten.  Labial  palpi 
moderately  long,  porrected,  slender,  with  appressed  scales,  second 
joint  with  some  scattered  bristles,  terminal  joint  moderate, 
tolerably  pointed.  Maxillary  palpi  long,  filiform,  folded.  Pos- 
terior tibiae  clothed  with  long  hairs.  Forewings  with  vein  1 
furcate  (?),  4  absent,  7  and  8  stalked,  7  to  hindmargin,  11  from  ^, 
Hindwings  |,  ovate-lanceolate,  cilia  l^  ;  cell  open  between  3  and 
4,  6  absent. 

The  genus  is  more  nearly  allied  to  Dryadmda  than  to  any 
other ;  I  have  only  the  one  species. 

124.   Chor.  melanorma,  n.sp. 

^.  9  mm.  Head  white.  Palpi  fuscous,  internally  and  at  apex 
white.  Antennae  fuscous.  Thorax  whitish,  shoulders  with  a 
yellow-ochreous  spot.  Abdomen  grey.  Legs  blackish  ringed 
with  white,  hairs  of  posterior  tibiee  whitish.  Forewings  elongate, 
costa  rather  strongly  arched,  apex  acute,  hindmargin  extremely 


BY    E.   MEYRICK.  561 

oblique,  hardly  rounded  ;  bright  yellow-ochreous  ;  three  suffused 
white  angulated  fasciae,  more  or  less  confused  together,  first  rather 
broad,  second  narrow,  not  reaching  costa,  third  narrow,  cloudy, 
not  reaching  inner  margin  ;  a  sharply  defined  interrupted  black 
line  round  apical  third  of  costa  and  hindmargin  to  anal  angle, 
surrounded  with  white,  at  apex  forming  a  small  round  black  spot : 
cilia  yellow-ochreous,  towards  tips  whitish,  with  a  black  spot  at 
apex.     Hindwings  and  cilia  light  grey. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales  ;  one  specimen  in  October. 

24.  CoMODicA,  Meyr. 

Head  rough-haired  ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue  absent.  Antennae 
f,  in  ^  filiform,  simple,  with  deep  notch  immediately  above  basal 
joint,  basal  joint  elongate,  sometimes  dilated  terminally,  sometimes 
with  apical  projecting  tooth,  without  pecten.  Labial  palpi 
moderately  long,  porrected,  second  joint  beneath  smooth  or  with 
dense  tuft  of  scales  towards  apex,  terminal  joint  moderate,  smooth 
or  loosely  scaled  or  with  long  dense  projecting  scales  beneath 
throughout.  Maxillary  palpi  long,  filiform,  folded.  Posterior 
tibiae  clothed  with  long  fine  hairs.  Forewings  sometimes  with 
elongate  transparent  grooved  patch  beneath  costa  towards  base, 
costal  area  sometimes  thickened  before  11  ;  1  furcate,  lower  fork 
partially  obsolete,  4  absent,  7  sometimes  absent,  rarely  8  also 
absent,  11  from  ^.  Hindwings  1,  ovate-lanceolate,  cilia  1-1| ; 
veins  5  and  6  stalked,  6  to  costa. 

A  development  of  Ereunetis,  characterised  by  the  peculiar 
antennal  structure,  formerly  overlooked  by  me  ;  it  is  not  yet 
known  outside  Australia.  The  variation  of  neuration  in  the  fore- 
wings  appears  to  occur  within  the  limits  of  the  same  species. 

1.  Forewings  with  two  hooks  in  apical  cilia  ..    125.   tetracercella. 
Forewings  with  one  hook  in  apical  cilia 2. 

2.  Forewings  with  groundcolour  ochreous 126.  acontistes. 

Foi'ewings  with  groundcolour  not  ochreous  3. 

3.  Terminal  joint  of  palpi  with  dense  fringe  of 

hairs  beneath 128.  mystacinella. 

Terminal  joint  of  palpi  smooth,  filiform 127.  aellophora. 


562  DESCRIPTIONS    OP    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

125.   Com.  tetracercella,  Meyr, 

(Comodica  tetracercella,  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  Wales, 
1880,  255.) 

The  original  statement  of  neuration  is  partially  incorrect ;  at 
least,  if  veins  5  and  6  of  hindwings  ax-e  ever  separate  as  stated,  it 
must  be  exceptional,  though  I  do  not  imagine  I  was  mistaken  as 
to  the  specimen  examined  ;  these  veins  are  however  stalked  in  all 
the  specimens  which  I  now  possess. 

126.  Com.  acontistes,  Meyr. 

(Erechthias  acontistes,  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  Wales, 
1880,  266.) 

127.  Com.  aellophora,  Meyr. 

(Erechthias  aelloj}hora,  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  Wales, 
1880,  270.) 

128.  Com.  mystacinella,  Walk. 

(Erechthias  mystacinella,  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  Wales, 
1880,  263.) 

Also  at  Launceston  and  Hobart,  Tasmania. 

25.  Ereunetis,  Meyr. 

Head  rough-haired  ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue  absent.  Antennae 
f,  in  (J  filiform,  simple,  basal  joint  moderate,  with  or  without 
pecten.  Labial  palpi  moderately  long,  porrected,  second  joint 
with  appressed  or  short  rough  scales  beneath,  with  some  long 
scattered  bristles,  terminal  joint  with  tolerably  appressed  scales  or 
long  rough  hairs  beneath,  somewhat  pointed.  Maxillary  palpi 
long,  filiform,  folded.  Posterior  tibiae  clothed  with  long  fine  hairs. 
Forewings  with  vein  1  furcate,  lower  fork  partially  obsolete,  4 
absent,  7  and  8  stalked,  7  to  costa  or  sometimes  absent,  11  from  h. 
Hindwings  |^-1,  lanceolate,  cilia  l|-2  ;  veins  5  and  6  stalked  or 
rarely  separate,  6  to  costa  or  apex  or  rarely  hindmargin  ;  iia  ^ 
sometimes  with  transparent  patch  or  thickened  spot  of  scales 
beneath  towards  base. 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  563 

A  development  of  Erechthias ;  besides  the  eight  Australian  I 
have  also  eight  New  Zealand  species.  The  typical  genus  Erech- 
thias, differing  from  Ereunetis  (according  to  the  present  revised 
definition)  by  the  presence  of  all  veins  in  the  forewings,  is  confined 
to  New  Zealand.  Decadarchis,  Meyr.,  cannot  be  maintained  as  a 
distinct  genus,  and  must  be  merged  in  Ereunetis. 

1.  Forewings     with     groundcolour      blackish- 

fuscous  2. 

Forewings  with  groundcoloiir  not  blackish- 
fuscous 5- 

2.  Forewings  with  white  costal  mark  at  5 3. 

Forewings  without  white  costal  mark  at  \  4. 

3.  Forewings  with  basal  streak  interrupted  but 

i-eaching  middle 129.  phileris. 

Forewings  with  basal  streak  not  passing  \  130.  oxymacha. 

4.  Forewings  with  basal   streak   more  or  less 

completely  interrupted 131.   symmacha. 

Forewings  with  basal  streak  entire 132.  nij)hadopla. 

5.  Forewings  with  white  median  longitudinal 

streak' 133.   elaeorrhoa. 

Forewings  without   white  median  longitu- 
dinal streak 6. 

6.  Forewings  with  dark  fuscous  costal  blotches  135.  brontoctyjm. 
Forewings    without    dark     fuscous     costal 

blotches 7. 

7.  Terminal  joint  of  palpi  with  long  rough  hairs 

beneath 136.  iuloptera. 

Terminal  joint  of  palpi  with  appressed  scales.   134.  seleno2)hanes. 

129.  Ereun.  phileris,  n.sp. 

(^'9.  9-11  mm.  Head  ochreous-white,  sides  black.  Palpi  black, 
internally  and  at  apex  white.  Antennae  dark  grey.  Thorax 
blackish-fuscous,  with  white  central  stripe.  Abdomen  dark  grey. 
Legs  blackish,  ringed  with  white.  Foi'ewings  very  elongate, 
narrow,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin 
extremely  obliquely  rounded;  blackish-fuscous;  markings  ochreous- 


564  DESCRIPTIONS    OF    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

white ;  a  fine  median  longitudinal  streak  from  base  to  middle  of 
disc,  obliquely  interrupted  at  i ;  a  very  oblique  wedgesliaped 
mark  from  costa  at  J,  almost  reaching  middle  of  disc ;  a  narrow 
oblique  fascia  from  beyond  middle  of  costa  to  middle  of  hind- 
margin,  lower  portion  attenuated  or  partially  obsolete  ;  a  fine 
oblique  streak  from  costa  at  i  to  beneath  apex  ;  a  moderate  streak 
along  inner  margin  from  near  base  to  anal  angle,  upper  edge 
forming  rather  strong  irregular  projections  before  and  beyond 
middle  ;  a  fine  more  or  less  interrupted  line  along  hindmargin  ;  a 
round  black  apical  spot,  preceded  by  a  white  mark  on  costa :  cilia 
golden-ochreous,  towards  tip  whitish,  with  a  blackish  line,  tips 
rouVid  apex  dark  fuscous.  Hindwings  and  cilia  dark  fuscous  ;  6 
to  apex. 

Albany,  West  Australia  ;  in  December,  taken  in  plenty  on  a 
fence  beneath  Eucalyjitus  trees. 

130.  Ereun.  oxymacha,  n.sp. 

$.  10  mm.  Head  white,  sides  black.  Palpi  black,  internally 
and  at  apex  white.  Antennae  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  blackish. 
Abdomen  dark  grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous  ringed  with  whitish,  hairs 
of  posterior  tibiae  v,'hitish.  Forewings  very  elongate,  narrow, 
costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  extremely 
obliquely  rounded  ;  blackish  ;  markings  white ;  a  short  linear 
median  mark  from  base  ;  three  oblique  wedgeshaped  marks  from 
costa,  reaching  about  half  across  wing,  at  ^,  beyond  middle,  and  t 
respectively ;  a  streak  along  inner  margin  from  near  base  to  near 
anal  angle,  almost  interrupted  beyond  middle ;  a  round  blackish 
apical  spot,  partly  in  cilia,  preceded  by  a  small  triangular  white 
spot  on  costa  :  cilia  whitish,  with  a  black  line,  and  blackish  apical 
bar.     Hindwings  with  vein  6  to  costa  ;  dark  grey  ;  cilia  grey. 

Geraldton,  West  Australia  ;  one  specimen  in  November. 

131.  Ereun.  symmacha,  n.sp. 

^Q.  9-11  mm.  Head  white,  sides  black.  Palpi  black,  apex 
white.  Antennae  fuscous.  Thorax  blackish,  with  white  central 
stripe.     Abdomen  grey.      Legs  blackish  ringed  with  white,  hairs 


BY    E.   MEYRICK,  565 

of  posterior  tibiae  whitish.  Forewings  very  elongate,  narrow, 
costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  extremely 
obliquely  rounded ;  blackish-fuscous ;  markings  snow-white ;  a 
median  streak  from  base  to  middle  of  disc,  more  or  less  completely 
interrupted  at  ^ ;  a  streak  along  inner  margin  from  near  base  to 
anal  angle,  interrupted  near  its  extremity  ;  an  oblique  fascia-like 
streak  from  costa  beyond  middle,  nearly  reaching  anal  angle  j  an 
oblique  spot  on  costa  at  |- ;  a  round  black  apical  spot,  partly  in 
cilia,  edged  with  white  anteriorly  :  cilia  whitish,  base  white,  with 
two  or  towards  anal  angle  three  blackish  lines.  Hindwings  and 
cilia  light  grey  ;  6  to  costa. 

Blackheath  (3500  feet),  New  South  Wales  ;  Melbourne,  Vic- 
toria •  Launceston,  Deloraine,  and  Georges  Bay,  Tasmania ;  from 
November  to  January,  taken  in  plenty  on  E^vcaly2)tus-tv^^xl^^ks. 

132.  Ereun.  ni'plLadopla^  Meyr. 

( Erechthias  nijjJiadopla,  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N,  S.  Wales, 
1880,  270.) 

133.  Ereun.  elaeorrhoa,  Meyr. 

(Erechthias  elaeorrhoa,  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  Wales, 
1880,  267.) 

134.  Eretm.  sele7io2)hanes,  Meyr. 

(Ereunetis  selenophanes,  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  Wales, 
1880,  259.) 
Also  at  Sydney,  New  South  Wales,  in  August. 

135.  Ereun.  hrontoctyjja,  Meyr. 

(Ereunetis  hrontoctyjja,  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  Wales, 
1880,  259.) 

136.  Ereun.  iuloptera,  Meyr. 

(Ereunetis  iuloptera,  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn,  Soc.  N.  S.  Wales, 
1880,  260.) 

26.    EURYTYLA,  n.g. 

Head  rough ;  ocelli  present  C?) ;  tongue  absent.  Antennae  |, 
in  i^'  filiform,  simple,  basal  joint  moderate,  with  pecten.     Labial 


566  DESCRIPTIONS    OP    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

palpi  moderately  long,  rather  drooping,  slender,  filiform,  terminal 
joint  moderate,  pointed.  Maxillary  palpi  long,  filiform,  folded. 
Posterior  tibife  smooth  above,  with  fine  hairs  beneath.  Abdomfn 
broadly  dilated,  strongly  margined.  Forewings  with  vein  1  fur- 
cate (?),  4  absent,  7  to  costa,  11  from  ^.  Hindwings  |,  lanceolate, 
cilia  3 ;  transverse  vein  absent  between  3  and  4,  5  and  6  stalked, 
7  absent. 

Probably  a  development  of  Ereunetis. 

137.   Eiir.  automacha,  n.sp. 

(J.  7  mm.  Head  fuscous- whitish.  Palpi  white,  beneath  dark 
fuscous.  Antennae  white,  above  with  a  black  sharply-defined  line. 
Thorax  dark  fuscous  mixed  with  whitish.  Abdomen  dark  fuscous, 
margins  pale  ochreous.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  ringed  with  whitish, 
posterior  tibiee  whitish.  Forewings  lanceolate;  fuscous,  irrorated 
with  dark  fuscous  ;  markings  white ;  five  oblique  streaks  from 
costa,  reaching  about  half  across  wing  ;  a  suffusion  occupying  dorsal 
half  from  base  to  anal  angle,  except  for  dark  fuscous  indentations 
from  disc  at  i  and  middle ;  a  round  black  apical  spot,  preceded 
by  a  white  spot  on  costa  :  cilia  whitish,  with  a  black  line  and 
apical  hook  (imperfect).     Hindwings  and  cilia  dark  fuscous. 

Mittagong,  New  South  Wales ;  one  specimen  in  March. 

27.  HippiocHAETES,  Meyr, 

Head  rough,  face  smooth  ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue  absent. 
Antennae  f,  in  ^  filiform,  ciliated  (1),  basal  joint  moderate,  with 
slight  pecten.  Labial  palpi  rather  short,  slender,  filiform,  rather 
drooping.  Maxillary  palpi  moderate,  filiform,  folded.  Posterior 
tibife  clothed  with  long  hairs  beneath,  posterior  tarsi  with  basal 
joint  fringed  with  hairs.  Forewings  with  vein  1  fui-cate  (?),  4 
absent,  7  to  costa,  11  from  I.  Hindwings  |,  lanceolate,  cilia  2  ; 
veins  5  and  6  stalked,  6  to  costa. 

The  original  example  is  still  unique ;  it  is  presumably  an  off- 
shoot of  Ereunetis. 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  567 

138.  Hipp,  chrysaspis,  Meyr. 

( Hippiochaetes  chrysaspis,  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  Wales. 
1880,  253.) 

28.    HiEROXESTIS,  n.g. 

Head  with  dense  erect  tuft  on  crown,  face  smooth;  ocelli  small; 
tongue  developed.  Antennae  f ,  in  ^  serrulate,  with  whorls  of  short 
cilia,  basal  joint  vei-y  long,  dilated,  concave  beneath,  in  ^  with  pro- 
jection of  dense  scales  on  upper  edge.  Labial  palpi  moderately  long, 
curved,  ascending,  smooth-scaled,  second  joint  with  several  long 
bristles  towards  apex,  terminal  joint  half  second,  rather  thick, 
obtuse.  Maxillary  palpi  long,  filiform,  folded.  Posterior  tibiae 
clothed  with  very  long  hairs.  Forewings  with  vein  1  simple,  5  closely 
approximated  at  base  to  6,  7  and  8  out  of  6,  7  to  costa,  9  from 
point  with  6,  10  absent,  11  from  f  of  cell.  Hindwings  4,  lanceo- 
late, cilia  \^ ;  vein  4  approximated  at  base  to  7,  5  and  6  out  of  7, 
6  to  hindmargin. 

This  curious  genus  stands  so  far  isolated  from  other  Australian 
forms,  that,  taking  into  consideration  its  mode  of  feeding,  I  have 
suspected  it  to  be  an  introduction  from  another  region ;  however, 
I  know  uo  evidence  of  its  occurrence  elsewhere.  It  is  allied  to 
the  Tinea  group,  but  has  undergone  very  great  modification, 

139.   Hier.  omoscopa,  n.sp. 

(J$.  20-22  mm.  Head  dark  fuscous,  tuft  lighter  fuscous,  face 
pale  greyish-ochreous.  Palpi  dark  fuscous,  internally  and  at  apex 
of  joints  pale  greyish-ochreous.  Antennae  pale  greyish-ochreous, 
basal  joint  dark  fuscous.  Thorax  dark  fuscous.  Abdomen  pale 
greyish-ochreous.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints  and  hairs  of 
posterior  tibiee  pale  greyish-ochreous.  Forewings  very  elongate, 
long-pointed,  apex  very  narrowly  and  acutely  produced ;  dark 
fuscous,  purplish-tinged ;  a  pale  greyish-ochreous  spot  on  inner 
margin  before  anal  angle :  cilia  pale  fuscous,  base  mixed  with 
darker.  Hindwings  light  brassy-fuscous,  becoming  pale  greyish- 
ochreous  towards  base ;  cilia  light  fuscous,  becoming  whitish- 
ochreous  towards  anal  angle. 
39 


568  DESCRIPTIONS    OP   AUSTRALIAN   MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

Newcastle  and  Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  from  June  to 
December,  sometimes  common  on  fences  near  houses.  It  has  been 
bred  from  larvse  feeding  on  sheets  of  cork. 

29.  TiMAEA,  Walk. 

Head  densely  rough-haired  on  crown,  face  with  appressed  hairs  ; 
ocelli  present ;  tongue  short.  Antennae  |,  in  |^  serrate,  ciliated 
(1),  basal  joint  moderate,  with  pecten.  Labial  palpi  moderately 
long,  ascending,  second  joint  shortly  rough-scaled  beneath,  with 
numerous  long  scattered  bristles,  terminal  joint  as  long  as  second, 
slender,  with  appressed  scales,  pointed.  Maxillary  palpi  short, 
loosely  scaled.  Posterior  tibiae  clothed  Avith  long  rough  hairs. 
Forewings  with  vein  1  furcate,  7  to  costa,  11  from  before  middle. 
Hindwings  1,  elongate-ovate,  cilia  ^ ;  veins  5  and  6  somewhat 
a.pproximated  at  base,  6  to  costa. 

The  genus  must  be  not  very  remotely  connected  with  Tinea, 
but  the  intermediate  forms  are  missing.  It  nearly  represents  the 
ancestral  type  from  which  most  of  the  succeeding  genera  can  be 
derived. 

140.   Tim.  bivittatella,  Walk. 

(Timaea  bivittatella,  Walk.  521  ;  T.  costella,  ih.  521  ;  Manliana 
astrictella,  ib.  1012.) 

(J5.  21-24  mm.  Head  white,  forehead  and  sides  of  face  rather 
dark  fuscous.  Palpi  white,  terminal  joint  externally  dark  fuscous 
towards  apex.  Antennae  grey-whitish.  Thorax  whitish-ochreous. 
Abdomen  whitish.  Legs  dark  ochreous-fuscous,  posterior  pair 
whitish.  Forewings  very  elongate,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex 
acute,  hindmargin  very  oblique,  slightly  sinuate ;  snow-white ;  a 
narrow  dark  fuscous  ochreous-tinged  streak  along  costa  from  near 
base  to  near  apex,  finely  attenuated  anteriorly  ;  in  9  also  a  narrow 
straight  yellowish-brown  median  longitudinal  streak  from  base  to 
apex  ;  cilia  white.  Hindwings  pale  whitish-grey  or  grey-whitish  ; 
cilia  whitish. 

Sydney  and  Blackheath  (3500  feet).  New  South  Wales ;  Mel- 
bourne and  Warragul,  Victoria]  Georges  Bay,  Tasmania  ;  Mount 
Lofty,  South  Australia ;  Perth  and  Albany,  West  Australia ;  from 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  569 

October  to   January,   common    in    swampy    places.     The    sexual 
difference  in  marking  is  an  unusual  character  in  this  gi-oup. 

30.  Thudaca,  Walk. 

Head  with  dense  erect  hairs  on  crown,  face  smooth,  sometimes 
with  deep  cavity  in  $  ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue  well-developed. 
Antennae  4,  in  ^  serrate,  very  shortly  ciliated  {^,  basal  joint 
without  pecten.  Labial  palpi  long  or  rather  long,  somewhat 
curved,  ascending,  with  appressed  scales,  second  joint  more  or  less 
long,  in  ^  sometimes  flatly  compressed,  terminal  joint  i  to  |of 
second,  more  or  less  pointed,  or  in  $  sometimes  minute,  aborted. 
Maxillary  palpi  rudimentary.  Posterior  tibiae  clothed  with  long 
hairs.  Fore  wings  with  vein  1  furcate,  7  and  8  stalked,  7  to  hind- 
margin,  11  from  before  middle.  Hindwings  1,  elongate-ovate, 
cilia  ^-| ;  veins  3  and  4  from  a  point  or  closely  approximated  at 
base. 

A  curious  and  interesting  genus,  apparently  endemic,  especially 
characteristic  of  Western  Australia.  It  is  not  very  close  to  any 
of  its  allies,  but  might  be  a  development  of  Timaea.  The  singular 
conformation  of  the  forehead  and  labial  palpi  in  the  ^  of  some 
species  is  noticed  under  T.  crypsidesma ;  these  species  so  closely 
approach  others  in  every  other  character,  that  there  can  be  no 
question  of  generic  separation,  but  the  case  is  a  highly  peculiar 
one,  and  requires  further  investigation. 

1.  Forewings  with  white  median  longitudinal 

streak  from  base 2. 

Forewings  without  white   median   longi- 
tudinal streak  from  base    7. 

2.  Median  streak  entire,  reaching  hindmargin  153.  trabeata. 
Median  streak  interi'upted  posteriorly  ...  3. 

3.  Costal  or  subcostal  white    streak   inter- 

rupted in  middle 4 . 

Costal  or  subcostal  white  streak  not  in- 
terrupted   6. 


570  DESCRIPTIONS    OP    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

4.  Forewings  with  a  white  dorsal  streak    ...    151.  orthodroma. 
Forewings  with  two  or  three  white  dorsal 

spots     5. 

5.  Median  streak  with  three  quadrate  pro- 

jections beneath 150.  cymatistis. 

Median  streak  without  quadrate  projec- 
tions         149.  oi)hiosema. 

6.  Median  streak  with  two  triangular  pro- 

jections beneath 148,  caUijjhroniis. 

Median  streak  without  projections  beneath  152.  stadiaula. 

7.  Forewings   with    ochreous    costal    streak 

hardly  reaching  middle  141    circumdatella. 

Forewings  with  orange  subcostal  streak 

reaching  |  or  more 8. 

8.  First  transverse  streak  forming  a  zigzag 

or  absent 9. 

First  transverse  streak  straight,  present  10. 

9.  Forewings    with     inner    margin    orange 

except  near  base 142.  heterastis. 

Forewings    with     inner     margin    white 

throughout 143.  cavipylota. 

10. , First  transverse  streak  reaching  subdorsal 

streak  11. 

First  transverse  streak  not  reaching  sub- 
dorsal streak    12. 

11.  Face  in  ^  with  deep  cavity;  first  trans- 

verse streak  with  grey  bar 1 46.  mimodora. 

Face  in  ^  flat;  first  transverse  streak  not 

barred 147.  obliquella. 

12.  Forewings    with    inner    margin    orange 

except  near  base 1 45.  haplonota. 

Forewings    with     inner     margin    white 

throughout   \i^  cryjysidesma. 


BY    E.  MEYKICK. 

141.   Thud,  circumdatella,  Walk. 


(J.  15-16  mm.  Head  whitish,  sides  and  forehead  brownish- 
ochreous.  Palpi  with  second  joint  exceeding  base  of  antennae, 
terminal  joint  J;  whitish,  mixed  with  ochreous-fuscous.  Antennas 
ochreous-whitish.  Thorax  whitish,  patagia  brownish-ochreous. 
Abdomen  ochreous-whitish.  Legs  white,  anterior  femora,  tibiae, 
and  basal  joint  of  tarsi  dark  fuscous.  Forewings  elongate-oblong, 
costa  moderately  arched,  apex  obtuse,  hindmargin  straight, 
oblique ;  snow-white ;  a  suffused  brownish-ochreous  streak  along 
basal  half  of  costa,  attenuated  and  very  indistinct  posteriorly  ;  a 
straight  brownish-orange  subdorsal  streak  from  base  to  anal  angle, 
upper  edge  with  short  triangular  projection  near  extremity  :  cilia 
ochreous-whitish,  basal  half  brownish-orange.  Hindwings 
ochreous-grey-whitish  ;  cilia  ochreous-whitish. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  in  October  and  March,  three 
specimens. 

142.    Thud,  heterastis,  n.sp. 

(J.  16-20  mm.  Head  and  thorax  orange  or  orange-yellowish. 
Palpi  with  second  joint  somewhat  exceeding  base  of  antennie, 
terminal  joiiit  1 ;  whitish,  more  or  less  inf  uscated  except  towards 
base.  Antennae  whitish-ochreous.  Abdomen  pale  whitish-ochreous. 
Legs  ochreous-whitish,  anterior  femora  and  tibiae  dark  fuscous, 
middle  tibiae  yellow  or  orange.  Forewings  elongate-oblong,  costa 
gently  arched,  apex  rouudpointed,  hindmargin  faintly  sinuate, 
oblique ;  snow-white ;  a  moderate  orange  streak  immediately 
beneath  costa  from  base  to  costa  near  apex,  sometimes  obsolete 
beyond  §  ;  a  rather  broad  orange  streak  along  inner  margin  to 
anal  angle,  becoming  suddenly  subdorsal  on  basal  fourth  and  not 
quite  reaching  base,  usually  more  or  less  wholly  suffused  with  dark 
fuscous,  posteriorly  attenuated ;  a  transverse  orange  streak 
suffused  with  dark  fuscous,  from  subcostal  streak  at  f  to  middle 
of  dorsal  streak,  forming  an  obtuse-angled  zigzag  in  middle, 
sometimes  interrupted  or  wholly  absent;  a  straight  orange  streak, 
suffused  with  dark  fuscous,  from  costa  near  apex  to  anal  angle. 


572  DESCRIPTIONS    OF    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

sometimes  widely  interrupted  or  visible  at  extremities  only;  some 
dark  fuscous  scales  on  hindmargin  :  cilia  fuscous-whitish,  basal 
half  light  orange.  Hindwings  pale  whitish-grey,  faintly  yellowish- 
tinged  ;  cilia  pale  whitish-yellowish. 

Geraldton,  West  Australia ;  in  November,  five  specimens. 
This  species  is  exceptional  in  the  genus  in  being  highly  variable, 
whilst  the  rest  are  very  stable. 

143.   Thud,  camjjylota,  n.sp. 

$.  17-18  mm.  Head  and  thorax  bright  orange.  Palpi  with 
second  joint  exceeding  base  of  antennte,  terminal  joint  1 ;  whitish, 
more  or  less  infuscated  except  towards  base.  Antennae  pale 
fuscous.  Abdomen  whitish-ochreous.  Legs  whitish-ochreous, 
anterior  pair  dark  fuscous,  middle  tibise  orange.  Forewings 
elongate-oblong,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hind- 
margin  straight,  oblique ;  snow-white ;  markings  bright  orange, 
partially  blackish-edged ;  costal  edge  blackish  towards  base  ;  a 
moderate  streak  immediately  beneath  costa  from  base  to  costa 
before  apex ;  a  subdorsal  somewhat  irregular  streak  from  base 
almost  to  anal  angle  ;  a  transverse  streak  from  |  of  subcostal 
streak  to  middle  of  subdorsal,  forming  an  obtuse-angled  zigzag  in 
middle ;  a  straight  rather  irregular-edged  streak  from  extremity 
of  subcostal  to  extremity  of  subdorsal  streak;  some  blackish  scales 
on  hindmargin :  cilia  orange,  towards  tips  whitish-ochreous. 
Hindwings  light  grey  ;  cilia  whitish-yellowish. 

Perth,  West  Australia ;  in  November,  two  specimens. 

144.   Thud,  cryjysidesma,  n.sp. 

$.  19-20  mm.  Head  light  yellow-ochreous,  sides  bright  orange, 
face  with  large  deep  central  cavity  containing  a  flocculent  hairy 
substance.  Palpi  light  orange  ;  second  joint  rather  dilated  and 
flattened,  partially  denuded  externally,  with  flocculent  loose  hairs 
internally,  hardly  reaching  base  of  antennse,  appressed  to  face, 
terminal  joint  minute,  aborted.  Antennae  pale  fuscous.  Thorax 
orange,  somewhat  mixed  with  whitish  posteriorly.  Abdomen 
whitish-ochreous,  with  small  expansible  tuft  of  hairs  on  each  side 


BV    E.  MRYRICK.  573 

near  base.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  middle  tibise  orange,  posterior  pair 
whitish-ochreous.  Forewings  elongate-oblong,  costa  gently  arched, 
apex  roundpointed,  hind  margin  slightly  sinuate,  oblique ;  snow- 
white  ;  markings  bright  orange  ;  costal  edge  blackish  near  base ; 
a  moderate  streak  immediately  beneath  costa  from  base  to  costa 
before  apex  ;  a  subdorsal  streak,  black-edged  above,  fi'om  base  to 
anal  angle  ;  two  black-edged  straight  transverse  streaks,  first  from 
subcostal  streak  at  |  to  above  middle  of  subdorsal  but  not  neai'ly 
reaching  it,  suffusedly  barred  with  blackish-grey  above  middle, 
second  from  extremity  of  subcostal  to  subdorsal  before  extremity, 
suffused  with  blackish-grey  towards  costa  and  on  a  bar  above 
lower  end  ;  a  blackish  line  along  hindmargin :  cilia  light  ochreous- 
yellowish,  basal  half  orange,  with  a  cloudy  dark  grey  bar  above 
apex.     Hindwings  grey  ;  cilia  pale  whitish-yellowish. 

Melbourne,  Victoria  ;  Port  Lincoln,  South  Australia  ;  in 
November,  two  specimens.  The  remarkable  structure  of  the 
frontal  cavity  in  this  and  the  next  two  species,  with  the  accessory 
modification  of  the  palpi,  is  highly  peculiar,  and  I  know  nothing 
quite  analogous  to  it  in  other  families ;  it  seems  to  me  very 
sur)n*ising  that  so  profound  a  modification  of  structure  (for  the 
cavity  appears  to  occupy  the  greater  portion  of  the  head),  without 
connecting  links,  should  distinguish  these  species  from  others  so 
closely  allied  to  them  in  all  other  respects  that,  in  the  case  of  T. 
mimodora  which  possesses  this  structure  and  T.  ohliquella  which 
does  not,  T  am  hardly  able  to  detect  any  difference  except  in  this 
particular.  From  the  nature  of  the  flocculent  substance  in  the 
cavity,  I  suppose  it  to  be  a  scent-producing  organ.  If  the  lateral 
tufts  of  the  abdomen  are  also  for  the  same  purpose,  the  provision 
would  seem  to  be  profuse. 

145.   Thud,  haplonota,  n.sp. 

^9.  19-20  mm.  Head  bright  orange,  face  whitish-orange,  in  ,J 
with  cavity  as  in  T.  cryjjsidesma.  Palpi  light  orange ;  second 
joint  in  ^  rather  dilated  and  flattened,  hardly  reaching  base  of 
antennae,  appressed  to  face,  with  long  flocculent  hairs  on  inner  side, 
in  2  normal,  rather  exceeding  base  of  antenuse,  apex  infuscated. 


574  DESCRIPTIONS   OF    AUSTRALIAN   MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

terminal  joint  in  ^  minute,  aborted,  in  9  ^,  whitish,  anteriorly 
infuscated.  Antennae  pale  fuscous.  Thorax  bright  orange,  pos- 
teriorly somewhat  mixed  with  whitish.  Abdomen  whitish- 
ochreous,  with  rather  long  expansible  tuft  of  hairs  on  each  side 
near  base.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  middle  tibise  orange,  posterior  pair 
whitish-ochreous.  Forewings  elongate-oblong,  costa  gently  arched, 
apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  straight,  oblique ;  silvery -white  : 
markings  bright  orange  ;  costal  edge  blackish  near  base  ;  a  mode- 
rate streak  immediately  beneath  costa  from  base  to  costa  before 
apex ;  a  rather  broad  dorsal  sti^eak,  partly  black-edged  above, 
from  base  to  anal  angle,  attenuated  posteriorly,  leaving  inner 
margin  slenderly  white  near  base  only ;  two  straight  partially 
black-edged  transverse  streaks,  first  from  subcostal  streak  at  §  to 
above  middle  of  subdorsal  but  not  nearly  reaching  it,  sufFusedly 
barred  with  blackish-grey  above  middle,  second  from  extremity  of 
subcostal  to  subdorsal  before  extremity,  suffused  with  blackish- 
grey  towards  costa  and  on  a  bar  above  lower  end  ;  a  few  blackish 
scales  on  hindmargin :  cilia  ochreous-yellowish,  basal  half  orange, 
with  cloudy  dark  gi'ey  bar  above  apex.  Hindwings  light  grey, 
faintly  yellowish-tinged  ;  cilia  pale  whitish-yellowish. 

Geraldton,  West  Australia  ;  in  November,  four  specimens. 

146.   Thud,  inimodora,  n.sp. 

^.  17-1 8  mm.  Head  bright  orange,  face  lighter,  with  cavity 
as  in  T.  crj/psidesma.  Palpi  light  orange;  second  joint  dilated 
and  flattened,  not  reaching  base  of  antennae,  appressed  to  face, 
with  long  flocculent  hairs  on  inner  side,  terminal  joint  minute, 
aborted.  Antennae  pale  fuscous.  Thorax  bright  orange,  some- 
times whitish  posteriorly.  Abdomen  whitish-ochreous.  Legs 
dark  fuscous,  middle  tibiae  orange,  posterior  pair  whitish-ochreous. 
Forewings  elongate-oblong,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  round- 
pointed,  hindmai'gin  straight,  oblique ;  snow-white ;  markings 
bright  orange  ;  costal  edge  blackish  near  base  ;  a  moderate  streak 
immediately  beneath  costa  from  base  to  costa  before  apex  ;  a 
moderate  subdorsal  streak  from  base  to  anal  angle,  edged  above 


BY    E.   MEYRICK.  575 

with  a  few  black  scales ;  two  straight  partially  black-edged  trans- 
verse streaks,  first  from  subcostal  at  |  to  middle  of  subdorsal 
streak,  obscurely  barred  with  dark  grey  above  middle,  second 
from  apex  of  subcostal  to  subdorsal  before  apex,  suffused  with 
dark  grey  towards  costa  and  on  a  bar  above  lower  end ;  a  few 
blackish  scales  on  hindmargin :  cilia  ochreous-yellowish,  basal 
half  orange,  with  cloudy  dark  grey  bar  above  apex.  Hindwings 
grey,  lighter  towards  base,  faintly  yellowish-tinged ;  cilia  pale 
whitish-yellowish. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales;  in  February  and'  March,  two 
specimens. 

147.   TJmd.  obliquella,  Walk. 

(Thudaca  ohliquella,  Walk.  825.) 

(J^.  16-18  mm.  Differs  from  T.  mimodora  only  as  follows: 
face  in  ^  without  cavity ;  palpi  in  both  sexes  orange,  infuscated 
except  towards  base,  second  joint  cylindrical,  exceeding  base  of 
antennae,  terminal  joint  | ;  middle  tarsi  more  whitish  ;  forewings 
with  first  transverse  streak  without  dark  bar  above  middle,  second 
transverse  streak  without  dark  bar  above  lower  end ;  a  blackish 
line  along  hindmargin  :  hindwings  lighter  grey,  suffused  with  pale 
whitish-ochreous. 

Sydney  and  Newcastle,  New  South  Wales ;  in  October,  Decem- 
ber, January,  and  March,  common.  Larva  16-legged,  elongate, 
rather  tapering  towards  extremities ;  head  and  second  segment 
oblong,  second  segment  rather  constricted  behind  ;  with  scattered 
blackish  hairs  ;  dull  green,  incisions  yellow  ;  a  dark  fuscous-red 
dorsal  stripe,  containing  a  much  paler  central  line,  marked  with 
white  on  incisions  and  wholly  whitish  anteriorly ;  spiracular 
whitish ;  spots  small,  black,  ringed  with  whitish  ;  head  green, 
crown  reddish-tinged,  spotted  with  black  ;  legs  green,  anal  claspers 
dark  purplish-crimson :  it  feeds  on  Leptosjjermum  (Myrtaceae), 
hardly  making  any  web,  in  September  and  October.  Pupa  naked, 
standing  erect  on  tail,  which  is  truncate  ;  it  exactly  imitates  a  leaf 
of  Leptos})ermum ;  green,  with  a  dorsal  ridge,  and  white  lateral 
lines,  head  produced  into  a  sharp  curved  spine. 


576  DESCRIPTIONS    OP    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

148.   Thud,  calliphrontis,  n.sp. 

9.  20  mm.  Head  white  mixed  with  dark  fuscous.  Palpi 
white  sprinkled  with  dark  fuscous,  second  joint  much  exceeding 
base  of  antennae,  terminal  joint  ^.  Antennae  white,  annulated 
with  pale  fuscous.  Thorax  white,  patagia  and  a  central  spot  deep 
ochreous.  Abdomen  ochreous-whitish.  Legs  whitish,  anterior 
pair  dark  fuscous,  middle  pair  sprinkled  with  dark  fuscous.  Fore- 
wings  elongate-oblong,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  roundpointed, 
hindmargin  straight,  oblique  ;  brownish-ochreous,  posteriorly  irro- 
rated  with  black  between  veins ;  markings  snow-white  ;  costal 
edge  blackish  near  base ;  a  narrow  suffusion  along  middle  third 
of  costa ;  a  moderate  streak  from  costa  near  base  beneath  costa 
to  costa  again  before  apex,  posteriorly  emitting  two  slender 
bcanches  from  upper  edge  ;  a  moderate  irregular  median  longi- 
tudinal streak  from  base  to  hindmargin  above  middle,  constricted 
at  ^,  lower  edge  with  triangular  projections  before  and  after  con- 
striction, narrowly  interrupted  at  |,  bent  upwards  posteriorly, 
furcate  at  apex;  a  cloudy  sti^eak  of  mixed  white  and  blackish 
scales  along  inner  margin  from  base  to  anal  angle :  cilia  white, 
with  a  blackish  line,  tips  brownish-ochreous.  Hindwings  whitish- 
grey  ;  cilia  whitish. 

Port  Lincoln,  South  Australia ;  one  specimen  in  November. 

149.   Thud.  o])hiosema,  n.sp. 

(J.  16  mm.  Head  pale  whitish-ochreous.  Palpi  ochreous- 
whitish,  second  joint  mixed  with  ochreous  and  dark  fuscous, 
exceeding  base  of  antenna?,  terminal  joint  1.  Antennae  whitish. 
Tiiorax  pale  ochreous  mixed  with  whitish.  Abdomen  pale  whitish- 
ochreous.  Legs  whitish,  anterior  pair  dark  fuscous,  middle  tibife 
with  basal  and  apical  dark  fuscous  spots.  Forewings  elongate, 
costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpoiiited,  hindmargin  very  obliquely 
rounded ;  light  ochreous-brown,  somewhat  darker  posteriorly ;  a 
white  costal  streak  from  near  base  to  i,  interrupted  by  an  inwardly 
oblique  bar  of  groundcolour  about  middle  ;  a  white  spot  on  inner 
margin  at  ^,  preceded  by  a  dark  fuscous  suffusion,  and  two  small 


BY    E.  MEYKICK.  577 

cloudy  white  spots  on  inner  margin  at  | ;  a  moderate  white  median 
longitudinal  streak  from  base  to  |,  sinuate  upwards  in  middle,  and 
with  extremity  bent  upwards,  partially  margined  with  dark 
fuscous  suffusion,  which  is  continued  posteriorly  as  a  broad  band 
to  hindmargin  ;  a  moderate  irregular- edged  white  submarginal 
streak  from  apex  to  anal  angle  :  cilia  whitish,  base  somewhat 
mixed  with  brownish.  Hindwings  and  cilia  ochreous-whitish. 
Geraldton,  West  Australia ;  one  specimen  in  November. 

150.   Tlmd.  cymatistis,  n.sp. 

^<^.  14-16  mm.  Head  ochreous-whitish.  Palpi  white,  some- 
what sprinkled  with  dark  fuscous,  second  joint  exceeding  base  of 
antennae,  terminal  joint  §.  Antennae  ochreous-whitish.  Thorax 
ochreous-whitish,  patagia  oohreous,  sometimes  wholly  brownish- 
ochreous.  Aldomen  ochreous-whitish.  Legs  white,  anterior 
pair  dark  fuscous,  middle  tibiae  with  dark  fuscous  basal  and 
apical  bands.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex 
roundpointed,  hindmargin  rounded,  rather  strongly  oblique ; 
ochreous  brown,  lighter  towards  base  and  costa ;  markings  snow- 
white  ;  a  streak  along  costa  from  near  base  to  middle  ;  an 
elongate  blotch  along  costa  from  beyond  middle  to  i  ;  an  irregular 
median  longitudinal  streak  from  base  to  f ,  lower  margin  forming 
quadrate  projections  at  base,  middle,  and  apex ;  a  white  spot  on 
inner  margin  at  J  and  another  at  | ;  an  irregular  submarginal 
streak  from  apex  to  anal  angle  :  cilia  pale  grey,  basal  third  mixed 
with  ochreous  and  barred  with  white  at  apex,  middle  of  hind- 
margin, and  anal  angle.  Hindwings  whitish-grey  ;  cilia  ochreous- 
whitish. 

Carnarvon,  West  Australia;  taken  in  plenty  in  October. 

151.    Thud,  orthodroma,  n.sp. 

(^2.  13-14  mm.  Head  white,  mixed  with  dark  fuscous.  Palpi 
rather  dark  fuscous,  base  and  apex  of  joints  white,  second  joint 
exceeding  base  of  antennae,  terminal  joint  ^.  Antennae  ochreous- 
whitish.  Thorax  brownish-ochreous,  posterior  extremity  white. 
Abdomen   whitish-ochreous.       Legs    whitish,   anterior  pair  dark 


578  DESCRIPTIONS    OP    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

fuscous,  middle  pair  with  basal  and  apical  bands  of  tibiae  and 
apical  suffusion  of  tarsi  dark  fuscous.  Forewings  elongate,  cohta 
gently  arched,  apex  almost  acute,  hindmargin  very  obliquely 
I'ounded;  golden-ochreous-brown  ;  markings  snow-white;  a  streak 
along  costa  from  i  to  before  middle  ;  a  subcostal  streak  from 
before  middle  to  costa  at  f  ;  a  median  longitudinal  streak  from 
base  to  f ,  lower  edge  emarginate  in  middle,  apex  bent  upwards  ; 
a  streak  along  inner  margin  from  ^  to  near  anal  angle  ;  an  elongate 
blotch  along  upper  ^  of  hindmargin,  and  a  small  spot  on  anal 
angle  :  cilia  light  ochreous-grey,  base  mixed  with  ochreous-brown, 
with  a  white  bar  at  apex.  Hindwings  light  grey  ;  cilia  pale 
whitish-ochreous,  greyish-tinged. 

Geraldton,  West  Australia;  in  November,  common. 

152.   Thud,  stadiaula,  n.sp. 

(J.  15  mm.  Head  white,  crown  mixed  with  ochreous-brown. 
Palpi  dark  fuscous,  base  and  apex  of  joints  white,  second  joint 
exceeding  base  of  antennae,  terminal  joint  |.  Antennae  brownish- 
ochreous.  Thorax  brownish-ochreous,  posterior  extremity  white. 
Abdomen  whitish-ochreous.  Legs  white,  anterior  pair  dark 
fuscous,  middle  pair  with  basal  and  apical  bands  of  tibiae  and 
apical  suffusion  of  tarsi  dark  fuscous.  Forewings  elongate,  costa 
gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  rounded,  rather 
strongly  oblique ;  deep  coppery -golden-ochreous ;  markings  silvery- 
white;  a  streak  along  costa  from  near  base  to  near  apex,  becoming 
subcostal  for  a  short  distance  in  middle ;  a  straight  median  longi- 
tudinal streak  from  base  to  f ,  apex  truncate  ;  a  streak  along  inner 
margin  from  near  base  to  anal  angle ;  an  elongate  spot  extending 
along  upper  §  of  hindmargin  :  cilia  light  greyish-ochreous,  basal 
half  darker  ochreous-grey,  with  a  white  bar  at  apex.  Hindwings 
pale  whitish-ochreous-grey  ;  cilia  whitish-ochreous. 

Geraldton,  West  Australia ;  in  November,  two  specimens. 

153.   Thud,  trabeata,  n.sp. 

(^2-  15-18  mm.  Head  white,  face  and  forehead  brownish- 
ochreous,  back  of  crown  with  two  ochreous-brown  stripes.     Palpi 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  579 

rather  dark  fuscous,  base  and  apex  of  joints  whitish,  second  joint 
much  exceeding  base  of  antennae,  terminal  joint  ^.  Antennae 
fuscous.  Thorax  golden-ochreous,  with  white  dorsal  stripe. 
A1)domen  whitish-ochreous.  Legs  rather  dark  fuscous,  middle 
tibise  whitish,  posterior  pair  whitish-ochreous.  Forewings  elon 
gate,  costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  very 
obliquely  rounded  ;  deep  golden-ochreous  ;  markings  snow-white  ; 
a  straight  subcostal  streak  from  costa  near  base  to  costa  again 
near  apex  ;  a  straight  median  longitudinal  streak  from  base  to 
hindmargin  beneatli  apex ;  a  sti^eak  along  inner  margin  from  base 
to  anal  angle,  attenuated  near  base  :  cilia  whitish-ochreous,  basal 
third  deeper  ochreous,  with  a  white  apical  bar.  Hindwings  light 
grey ;  cilia  whitish-ochreous. 

Sydney,  Blackheath  (3500  feet),  and  Mount  Kosciusko  (6000 
feet).  New  South  Wales  ;  Georges  Bay,  Tasmania ;  Mount  Lofty, 
South  Australia  ;  Geraldton  and  Perth,  West  Australia  ;  from 
October  to  February,  common. 

31.   D  ASCI  A,  n.g. 

Head  with  dense  I'ough  hairs  on  crown,  projecting  between 
antennae,  face  smooth  ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue  short.  Antennae  f , 
in  (J  serrate,  shortly  ciliated  (1),  basal  joint  without  pecten. 
Labial  palpi  moderate,  porrected,  terminal  joint  and  apex  of 
second  beneath  with  dense  rough  projecting  hairs  forming  a  loose 
tuft.  Maxillary  palpi  rudimentary.  Posterior  tibiae  clothed  with 
long  hairs.  Forewings  with  vein  1  furcate,  7  to  costa,  11  from 
middle.  Hindwings  1,  ovate-lanceolate,  cilia  1  ;  veins  5  and  6 
approximated  towards  base. 

An  isolated  genus,  standing  about  midway  between  Zelleria  and 
the  Tinea  group,  but  the  nature  of  its  relationship  to  them  is  at 
present  uncertain  ;  it  may  really  be  a  transitional  link. 

154.  Dasc.  sagittifera,  n  sp. 

^^.  11-15  ram.  Head  ochreous- white,  between  antennae  some- 
times mixed  with  blackish.  Palpi  dark  fuscous,  towards  apex 
white.       Antennae    grey,    base   white.       Thorax    ochreous- white. 


580  DESCRIPTIONS   OF   AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPT  ERA, 

anterior  margin  mixed  with  blackish.  Abdomen  grey.  Legs 
dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  grey-whitish.  Forewings  elongate, 
costa  gently  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  slightly 
sinuate,  rather  strongly  oblique ;  dark  grey,  with  scattered  black 
scales  ;  a  broad  cloudy  white  median  streak  from  base  to  §, 
extending  to  inner  margin  at  base,  containing  some  scattered 
black  scales,  lower  edge  very  irregular  and  marked  with  a  small 
black  spot  on  submedian  fold  at  |,  another  beneath  middle,  and  a 
longitudinal  black  mark  in  disc  beyond  middle,  apex  of  streak 
truncate  immediately  beyond  this;  a  broad  oblique  white  suffusion 
from  apex  of  wing,  almost  reaching  extremity  of  median  streak  ; 
a  small  white  suffusion  on  anal  angle  :  cilia  white  with  two  black 
lines,  at  api  x  and  anal  angle  with  grey  spots  mixed  with  blackish. 
Hindwings  grey  ;  cilia  whitish-grey. 

Sydney,  Blackheath  (3500  feet),  and  Bathurst  (2500  feet). 
New  South  Wales ;  Melbourne,  Victoria ;  Hobart,  Tasmania ;  in 
November,  December,  and  March,  common. 

32.  AcMOSARA,  Meyr. 

The  type  is  no  longer  in  my  hands,  and  I  can  add  nothing  to 
the  original  description  of  this  genus  ;  it  is  related  to  Zelleria,  but 
not  very  closely. 

155.  Acm.  polyxena,  Meyr. 

Acmosara  j^olyxena,  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  Wales,  1886, 
1043.) 

33.  Zelleria,  Stt. 

Head  with  dense  rough  hairs  on  crown,  projecting  between 
antennae,  face  smooth ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue  developed.  Antennae 
|-t,  in  (J  serrate,  simple,  basal  joint  with  pecten.  Labial  palpi 
moderate,  rather  drooping,  with  appressed  scales,  terminal  joint 
longer  than  second,  slightly  roughened,  tolerably  pointed.  Max- 
illary palpi  rudimentary.  Posterior  tibiae  smooth-scaled.  Fore- 
wings  sometimes  with  thickened  costal  patch  between  11  and  12  ; 
1  simple  or  very  shortly  furcate,  2  remote  from  3,  4  and  5  some- 
times stalked,  7  to  hindmargin,  11   from  before  middle.     Hind- 


BY    E.   MEYRICK.  581 

wings  i-1,  lanceolate,  cilia  1^-2| ;  vein  4  absent,  5  and  6  approxi- 
mated towards  base. 

Developed  apparently  from  a  form  approaching  Dascia.  The 
genus  is  represented  elsewhere  by  a  few  species  in  Eui'ope  and 
one  in  New  Zealand,  but  will  no  doubt  be  eventually  discovered 
in  other  regions  also.  Some  European  species  have  veins  4  and  5 
of  the  forewings  coincident ;  the  genus  Zelleria  has  been  restricted 
to  these  by  Wocke,  and  a  genus  Hofmannia  formed  to  receive  the 
rest,  and  I  formerly  adopted  this  view,  but  on  consideration  of 
the  close  agreement  of  these  forms  in  all  other  respects,  it  now 
seems  to  me  unnecessary  to  separate  them. 

1.  Forewings  with  costa  almost  straight..,.  2. 
Forewings  with  costa  moderately  strongly 

arched 3. 

2.  Head  ochreous,  centre  of  crown  some- 

times whitish 156.  cynetica. 

Head  grey  irrorated  with  white 157.  araeodes. 

3.  Forewings  with  groundcolour  grey 4. 

Forewings  with  groundcolour  not  grey..  5. 

4.  Forewings  with  black  line  in  cilia  ;  head 

mixed  with  fuscous 158.  memorella. 

Forewings  without  black  line  in  cilia  ; 

head  wholly  white 159.  aphrosjjora. 

5 .  Forewings  wholly  white 165.  sigillata. 

Forewings  not  wholly  white 6. 

6.  Forewings    with     blackish    dot    before 

middle 161.  proterosjnla  $. 

Forewings  without  blackish  dot  before 

middle 7. 

7.  Forewings  wholly  pale  whitish-yellow...   164.  citri7ia  ^. 
Forewings  not  wholly  whitish-yellow....  8. 

8.  Forewings    sprinkled    with    dark    grey 

posteriorly 160.   callidoxa. 

Forewings  not  sprinkled  with  dark  grey 

posteriorly 9. 


582  DESCRIPTIONS    OP    AUSTRALIAN   MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

9.  Forewings  with  median  white  streak.  ,.  10.       , 

Forewings  without  median  white  streak  11. 

10.  Forewings  with  costal  area  suffused  with 

orange 162.  pyroleuca. 

Forewings  with  costal  area  not  orange...   163.  mystarcha. 

11.  Forewings  with  costal  edge  blackish 161.  proterospila  ^. 

Forewings  with  costal  edge  white 164.  citrina  2- 

156.  Zell.  cynetica,  n.sp. 

(J5.  12-15  mm.  Head  brownish-ochreous  or  reddish-ochreous, 
face  whitish-ochreous,  middle  of  crown  sometimes  whitish.  Palpi 
dar-k  fuscous  mixed  with  white.  Antennae  pale  ochreous.  Thorax 
light  brownish-ochreous  or  purplish-fuscous.  Abdomen  pale  grey. 
Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  suffused  with  ochreous-whitish. 
Foi'ewings  very  elongate,  narrow,  parallel-sided,  long-pointed, 
apex  acute,  produced ;  varying  from  pale  fuscous  to  reddish- 
ochreous,  with  reddish-purple  reflections;  an  irregular  dark 
fuscous  irroration,  especially  posteriorly  and  on  costal  edge ; 
inner  margin  sometimes  narrowly  whitish ;  a  very  oblique  cloudy 
dark  fuscous  mark  from  inner  margin  near  base,  not  reaching 
beyond  submedian  fold,  often  reduced  to  a  spot  on  fold  ;  some- 
times an  elongate  dark  fuscous  spot  on  inner  margin  beyond  this  ; 
sometimes  several  blackish  dots  on  fold  and  costa ;  a  small  dark 
fuscous  spot  above  anal  angle :  cilia  pale  greyish-ochreous  or 
whitish-fuscous,  round  apex  reddish-ochreous  with  a  terminal 
black  hook.  Hindwings  light  grey,  thinly  scaled  towards  base ; 
cilia  pale  ochreous-greyish. 

Brisbane,  Queensland ;  Murrurundi,  Sydney,  and  Blackheath 
(3500  feet),  New  South  Wales ;  Launceston,  Deloraine,  Georges 
Bay,  and  Hobart,  Tasmania ;  from  October  to  December  and  in 
March,  common  :  a  variable  insect. 

157.  Zell.  araeodes,  n.sp. 

(J.  14-15  mm.  -  Head  and  thorax  light  grey  irrorated  with 
white.      Palpi  whitish,  externally  dark  grey.     Antennae  whitish. 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  583 

Alidomen  whitisli-grey.  Legs  dark  grey,  posterior  tibise  whitish, 
Forewiiigs  very  elongate,  narrow,  parallel-sided,  apex  round- 
pointed  ;  ochreous-grey  or  fuscous,  mixed  with  white,  especially 
towards  inner  margin,  and  irrorated  with  darker  fuscous;  costal, 
subcustal,  submedian,  and  subdorsal  longitudinal  series  of  blackish 
dots  ;  a  slender  cloudy  dark  fuscous  fascia  from  f  of  costa  to  §  of 
inner  margin,  ill-defined  above,  blackish  on  lower  half;  a  blackish 
longitulinal  spot  on  inner  margin  beyond  middle ;  a  white  dot  on 
costa  near  apex,  followed  by  a  small  blackish  spot :  cilia  pale 
oclireous-grey,  round  apex  dark  fuscous  somewhat  mixed  with 
whitish.  Hindwings  grey,  thinly  scaled  towards  base  ;  cilia  pale 
ochreous-grey. 

Geraldton  and  Albany,  West  Australia;  in  September  and 
October,  two  specimens. 

158.  Zell.  memorella,  n.sp. 

(J9.  9-13  mm.  Head  white,  more  or  less  mixed  with  fuscous. 
Palpi  white,  beneath  fuscous.  Antennae  whitish.  Thorax  white 
mixed  with  fuscous.  Abdomen  whitish-grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous, 
middle  pair  partially  suffused  with  white,  posterior  pair  whitish. 
Forewings  elongate,  narrow,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  acute, 
somewhat  produced,  hindmargin  and  inner  margin  continuous, 
straight;  grey,  irregularly  and  suffusedly  mixed  with  white, 
tending  especially  to  form  a  broad  white  longitudinal  suff"used 
streak  along  submedian  fold  ;  some  variable  scattered  black  dots, 
tending  to  form  longitvidinal  series ;  a  blackish  oblique  spot  on 
fold  before  middle,  sometimes  extended  as  an  oblique  mark  to 
disc  ;  sometimes  a  blackish  longitudinal  spot  on  inner  margin  at 
I :  cilia  pale  ochreous-greyish,  round  a]oex  with  a  sharp  black 
median  line  and  fuscous  terminal  line,  below  apex  with  a  white 
spot  on  terminal  half.  Hindwings  pale  grey,  thinly  scaled  towards 
base  ;  cilia  whitish-ochreous-grey. 

Sy(hiey  and  Mount  Kosciusko  (5500  feet),  New  South  Wales; 
Georges   Bay   and   Hobart,  Tasmania;   York    and   Albany,  West 
Australia  ;  from  November  to  January,  common. 
40 


584  DESCRIPTIONS   OP   AUSTRALIAN   MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

159.  Zell.  aphrospora,  n.sp. 

(J9.  11-12  mm.  Head,  palpi,  antennae,  and  thorax  white 
Abdomen  grey-whitish.  Legs  white,  anterior  pair  dark  grey. 
Forewings  elongate,  narrow,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  acute, 
hindmargin  extremely  obliquely  rounded  ;  rather  light  greyish- 
ochreous,  densely  strewn  with  white  throughout ;  an  ill-defined 
short  blackish  dash  on  fold  before  middle  ;  an  indistinct  blackish 
dot  close  above  anal  angle,  and  sometimes  traces  of  another  above 
this  :  cilia  pale  greyish-ochreous,  base  suffused  with  white  round 
apex,  with  some  blackish  points  near  hindmargin  above  anal  angle, 
and  on  a  small  spot  at  apex.  Hindwings  pale  grey  ;  cilia  pale 
greyish-ochreous. 

Port  Lincoln,  South  Australia ;  in  November,  five  specimens. 

160.  Zell.  callidoxa,  n.sp. 

^9  13-15  mm.  Head  whitish-ochreous,  sides  of  crown  white. 
Palpi  whitish,  beneath  ochreous.  Antennae  grey,  towards  base 
white.  Thorax  white,  with  a  pale  orange  stripe  on  each 
side  of  back,  patagia  orange.  Abdomen  whitish-ochreous-grey. 
Legs  fuscous,  posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  narrow, 
costa  moderately  arched,  apex  acute,  produced,  hindmargin  and 
inner  margin  continuous,  nearly  straight;  bright  orange,  paler 
towards  costa  and  inner  margin ;  costal  edge  blackish  ;  a  slender 
white  streak  along  basal  third  of  costa;  a  white  longitudinal 
median  streak  from  base,  gradually  dilated  posteriorly  so  as  to 
extend  along  costa  from  about  f  to  apex,  sprinkled  with  blackish- 
grey  posteriorly,  including  a  grey  dot  at  f  :  cilia  whitish-ochreous, 
base  mixed  with  orange,  tips  at  apex  dark  grey,  above  apex  wholly 
white.  Hindwings  pale  grey ;  cilia  whitish-ochreous,  greyish- 
tinged. 

Port  Lincoln  and  Mount  Lofty,  South  Australia;  in  November, 
seven  specimens. 

161.  Zell.  piroterospila,  n.Sjt. 

^Q.  12-16  mm.  Head  white,  face  ochreous-tinged ;  back  of 
crown  pale  ochreous-yellowish.  Palpi  white,  terminal  joint  some- 
times grey  externally.     Antennae  pale  greyish-ochreous,  towards 


BY    E.   MEYRICK.  585 

base  white.  Thorax  white,  with  a  pale  orange  stripe  on  each  side 
of  back,  patagia  orange.  Abdomen  whitish-ochreous-grey.  Legs 
whitish,  anterior  pair  grey.  Forewings  elongate,  narrow,  costa 
moderately  arched,  apex  acute,  hindmargin  and  inner  margin  con- 
tinuous, nearly  straight ;  bright  orange,  becoming  pale  yellow 
towards  costa  and  sometimes  towards  inner  margin  also  ;  costal 
edge  blackish-grey ;  a  slender  white  streak  along  anterior  half  of 
costa ;  in  (J  a  white  longitudinal  median  streak  from  base, 
gradually  dilated  posteriorly  so  as  to  extend  along  costa  from  §  to 
apex,  sprinkled  with  blackish-grey  posteriorly,  including  a  round 
blackish  dot  before  middle  and  another  at  f ;  in  9  a  ferruginous 
streak  of  same  form,  without  black  dots :  cilia  pale  greyish- 
ochi'eous,  becoming  dark  grey  at  apex  on  terminal  half,  in  ^  above 
apex  white  sprinkled  with  dark  grey,  in  J  becoming  orange  or 
ferruginous  towards  base,  tii)s  white  on  costa.  Hind  wings  and 
cilia  grey. 

Geraldton,  York,  and  Albany,  West  Australia  ;  from  October 
to  December,  common. 

162.  Zell.  pyroletica^  n.sp. 

(J.  17  mm.  Head  yellowish-white,  face  pale  ochreous,  sides 
ferruginous.  Palpi  whitish.  Antennae  light  grey,  towards  base 
white.  Thorax  white,  with  a  pale  orange  stripe  on  each  side  of 
back,  patagia  orange  except  inner  edge.  Abdomen  whitish-grey- 
ochreous.  Legs  rather  dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  whitish. 
Forewings  elongate,  rather  narrow,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex 
acute,  rather  produced,  hindmargin  and  inner  margin  continuous, 
nearly  straight ;  pale  orange,  darker  towards  costa  ;  costal  edge 
very  finely  blackish ;  a  slender  white  streak  along  anterior  half  of 
costa ;  a  suffused  white  median  longitudinal  streak  from  base  to 
middle,  lower  edge  extended  as  a  fine  streak  above  submedian 
fold  to  above  anal  angle  ;  a  suffused  white  subdorsal  streak  and  a 
narrow  dorsal  streak  from  base  to  near  anal  angle,  tending  to  be 
partially  confluent,  indistinct  posteriorly :  cilia  pale  greyish- 
ochreous,  basal  half  deep  orange  on  costa  and  upper  half  of  hind- 
margin, terminal  half  blackish  at  apex.  Hindwings  grey ;  cilia 
pale  greyish-ochreous. 


586  DESCRIPTIONS    OF   AUSTRALIAN   MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

Batliurst  (2300  feet),  New  South  Wales  ;  in  November,  one 
specimen. 

163.  Zell.  mystarcha,  n.sp. 

$(^.  14-16  mm.  Head  white,  sides  of  face  pale  ochreous. 
Palpi  white.  Antennae  grey-whitish,  towards  base  white.  Thorax 
white,  with  a  pale  yellow  stripe  on  each  side  of  back,  patagia  pale 
yellow  except  inner  edge.  Abdomen  grey-whitish.  Legs  whitish, 
anterior  and  middle  pair  infuscated.  Forewings  elongate,  narrow, 
costa  moderately  arched,  apex  acute,  strongly  produced,  hind- 
margin  and  inner  margin  continuous,  nearly  straight ;  white  or 
yellowish-white  ;  a  pale  yellowish  indistinct  suffused  subcostal 
streak  from  base  to  costa  at  | ;  an  orange  streak  along  submedian 
fold  from  base  to  anal  angle,  well-defined  above,  suffused  beneath  ; 
dorsal  space  beneath  this  more  or  less  suffused  with  pale  yellowish  : 
cilia  pale  greyish-ochreous,  towards  base  tinged  with  orange, 
terminal  half  beneath  apex  mixed  with  blackish,  costal  cilia 
fuscous  except  on  a  white  band  above  apex.  Hindwings  light 
grey  ;  cilia  pale  greyish-ochreous. 

Campbelltown,  Tasmania ;  in  December,  nine  specimens. 

164.  Zell.  citrina,  n.sp, 
^$.  1 4-16  mm.  Head  white,  centre  of  crown  whitish-yellowish, 
forehead  whitish-orange.  Palpi  ochreous-whitish.  Antennte  grey- 
whitish,  towards  base  white.  Thorax  yellowish-white,  patagia 
more  or  less  orange.  Abdomen  grey-whitish.  Legs  ochreous- 
whitish,  anterior  pair  dark  fuscous,  middle  tibise  infuscated. 
Forewings  elongate,  narrow,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  acute, 
strongly  produced,  hindmargin  and  inner  margin  continuous, 
nearly  straight ;  in  $  very  pale  whitish-yellow,  unicolorous ;  in  9 
orange  or  ferruginous,  costa  narrowly  white  or  yellowish-white 
from  base  to  f,  inner  margin  rather  broadly  pale  orange  or 
yellowish  :  cilia  pale  whitish-ochreous,  at  apex  with  a  dark  grey 
spot  on  terminal  half,  in  ^  basal  half  orange-tinged  beneath  apex, 
in  5  basal  half  orange  or  ferruginous  on  costa  and  upper  half  of 
hindmargin.  Hindwings  very  pale  grey;  cilia  whitish-grey- 
ochreous. 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  587 

Sydney  and  Glen  Innes  (3500  feet),  New  South  Wales  ;  in 
September  and  December,  common. 

165.  Zeli.  sigillata,  n.sp. 

(J9.  9-11  mm.  Head  white,  forehead  yellowish-tinged  and 
sometimes  mixed  with  grey.  Palpi,  antennae,  thorax,  abdomen, 
and  legs  white  ;  anterior  legs  infuscated.  Forewings  elongate, 
rather  narrow,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  acute,  produced, 
hindmargin  sinuate,  extremely  oblique  ;  white,  towards  apex 
sometimes  faintly  yellowish-tinged  :  cilia  white  or  ochreous-white, 
with  a  black  basal  dot  at  apex.  Hindwings  i)ale  grey  or  whitish- 
grey  ;  cilia  grey-whitish. 

Sydney  and  Shoalhaven,  New  South  Wales  ;  in  December  and 
January,  six  specimens. 

34.  Macarangela,  n.g. 

Head  with  dense  rough  hairs  on  crown,  projecting  between 
anteunte,  face  smooth ;  ocelli  present;  tongue  developed.  Antennaj 
1,  in  ^  filiform,  simple,  basal  joint  elongate,  rather  stout,  with 
slight  pecten.  Labial  palpi  moderate,  porrected,  with  appressed 
scales,  slightly  rough  beneath,  terminal  joint  rather  longer  than 
second,  pointed.  Maxillary  palpi  rudimentary.  Anterior  tibise 
and  tarsi  dilated  with  dense  rather  rough  scales  above ;  posterior 
tibiae  more  or  less  dilated,  with  dense  rough  or  rather  appressed 
hairs,  tarsi  sometimes  much  shorter  than  tibiae.  Forewings  with 
vein  1  simple,  2  rather  remote  from  3,  7  to  hindmargin  or  costa, 
11  from  before  middle.  Hindwings  1,  ovate-lanceolate,  cilia  1; 
vein  4  absent,  5  and  6  rather  approximated. 

Probably  a  development  of  Nematohola ;    the  i-elationship  to 
Zelleria,  to  which  there  is  considerable  superficial  resemblance,  is 
perhaps  collateral  only.     The  three  species  are  closely  allied  and 
very  similar. 
1.  Forewings  with  orange  streak  continued   to 

extreme  apex - ..  2. 

Forewings  with  orange  streak  not  reaching 

extremeapex 168.  fyracma. 


588  DESCRIPTIONS    OF    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

2.   Upper  edge  of  streak  with  dark  fuscous  dot 

at|... 167.  uranarcha. 

Upper  edge  of  streak  without  dark  fuscous 

dot 166.  leucochrysa. 

166.  Mac.  leticochrysa,  n.sp. 

(J.  16  mm.  Head  orange,  face  and  middle  of  back  of  crown 
white.  Palpi  white.  Antennae  white,  ringed  with  fuscous. 
Thorax  white,  with  an  orange  stripe  on  each  side  of  back.  Abdo- 
men and  legs  white,  anterior  legs  orange-tinged  above,  posterior 
tibiae  twice  as  long  as  femora,  ochreous-tinged,  hairs  moderate, 
tarsi  half  as  long  as  tibise.  Forewings  elongate,  rather  narrow, 
costa  rather  strongly  arched,  apex  acutely  produced  into  a  long 
fine  point,  hindmargin  sinuate,  extremely  oblique ;  vein  7  to 
hindmargin,  9  and  10  from  a  point ;  snow-white ;  a  moderate 
bright  orange  straight  longitudinal  streak  below  middle  from  base 
to  apex ;  a  small  suffused  orange  spot  on  base  of  inner  margin  : 
cilia  white,  beneath  apex  with  extension  of  submedian  orange 
streak,  at  extreme  apex  dark  fuscous.    Hind  wings  and  cilia  white. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  in  October,  one  specimen  beaten 
from  Banksia. 

167.  Mac.  uranarcha,  n.sp. 

(J,  18  mm.  Head  orange,  face  and  middle  of  back  of  crown 
white.  Palpi  white.  Antennse  white,  annulated  with  fuscous. 
Thorax  white,  with  very  broad  orange  stripe  on  each  side  of  back. 
Abdomen  white.  Legs  white,  anterior  pair  ochreous-tinged  above, 
posterior  tibise  half  as  long  again  as  femora,  long-haired,  tarsi 
almost  as  long  as  tibiae.  Forewings  elongate,  costa  strongly  arched, 
apex  acute,  produced  into  a  long  fine  point,  hindmargin  sinuate, 
extremely  oblique ;  vein  7  to  costa  ;  white ;  a  moderate  straight 
bright  orange  longitudinal  streak  from  base  along  submedian  fold 
to  hindmargin  above  anal  angle  and  thence  along  hindmargin  to 
apex,  upper  edge  marked  with  a  small  dark  fuscous  dot  at  f :  cilia 
w^iite,  submedian  orange  streak  extending  through  them  to  apex, 
with  a  few  dark  fuscous  scales  at  apex.  Hind  wings  whitish  ; 
cilia  white. 


BY    E.   MKYRICK.  589 

Mount  Lofty,  South  Australia ;  one  specimen  received  from 
Mr.  O.  B.  Lower,  who  took  it  among  Banksia,  with  others.  The 
costa  of  the  forewings  is  more  strongly  arched  than  in  either  of 
the  other  two  species,  and  the  stripes  of  thorax  broader  ;  the 
posterior  tibite  are  less  developed  and  the  tarsi  much  more  so  ;  it 
differs  also  from  31.  leucochrysa  in  the  dark  fuscous  discal  dot. 

168.   Mac.  pyracma,  n.sT^. 

(J.  16-17  mm.  Head  light  orange,  face  and  middle  of  back  of 
crown  white.  Palpi  white.  Antennae  white,  annulated  with 
fuscous.  Thorax  white,  with  a  narrow  orange  stripe  on  each  side 
of  back.  Abdomen  white.  Legs  white,  anterior  pair  ochreous- 
tinged  above,  posterior  tibiae  twice  as  long  as  femora,  slightly 
ochreou.s-tinged,  hairs  moderate,  tarsi  half  as  long  as  tibiae.  Fore- 
wings  elongate,  rather  narrow,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex 
acutely  produced  into  a  long  fine  point,  hindmargin  sinuate, 
extremely  oblique ;  vein  7  to  costa ;  white ;  a  straight  orange 
longitudinal  streak  along  submedian  fold  from  base  to  middle  of 
hindmargin  and  thence  along  hindmargin,  terminating  immediately 
beneath  apex,  upper  edge  marked  with  a  small  black  dot  at  §  and 
sometimes  traces  of  another  beyond  middle  ;  a  small  light  orange- 
yellow  suffused  spot  on  base  of  inner  margin  :  cilia  white,  beneath 
apex  somewhat  fuscous-tinged,  with  two  or  three  black  points  at 
apex,  and  a  row  of  black  points  at  base  along  termination  of  sub- 
median  streak.     Hindwings  prismatic  whitish  ;  cilia  white. 

York,  West  Australia;  three  specimens  beaten  horn  Banksia, 
in  October.  Distinguished  from  both  the  preceding  by  the  less 
arched  costa  of  forewings,  the  submedian  streak  not  extending 
into  cilia  nor  reaching  extreme  apex,  and  especially  also  by  the 
row  of  black  scales  on  base  of  cilia  at  its  termination. 

35.  Hestiaula,  n.g. 

Head  densely  rough-haired,  face  smooth  ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue 
absent.  Antennae  1-|,  basal  joint  much  dilated,  concave  beneath 
to  form  eyecap,  with  small  pecten.  Labial  palpi  rather  short, 
subascending,  second  joint  loosely  scaled,  terminal  joint  as  long  as 


590  DESCRIPTIONS    OF    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

second,  filiform,  pointed.  Maxillary  jjalpi  long,  folded,  basal  half 
dilated  and  flattened.  Posterior  tibise  clothed  with  dense  long 
hairs.  Forewings  with  strong  projecting  tooth  of  scales  on  inner 
margin  near  base ;  vein  1  furcate,  7  and  8  stalked,  7  to  costa,  1 1 
from  before  middle.  Hindwings  J,  lanceolate,  cilia  1^  ;  veins  5 
and  6  stalked,  6  to  hindmargin. 

This  curious  genus,  though  apparently  belonging  to  this  neigh- 
bourhood, presents  no  close  relationship  to  any  other  genus  in 
particular,  and  its  exact  affinity  must  be  considered  doubtful. 
Allied  forms  will  perhaps  be  discovered  in  the  northern  districts. 

169.  Hest.  rhodacris,  n.sp. 

§.  13  mm.  Head  fuscous,  face  and  forehead  white.  Palpi 
white.  Antennae  white,  annulated  with  fuscous.  Thorax  fuscous. 
Abdomen  light  brownish-ochreous.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  banded 
with  ochreous-whitish,  posterior  tibiae  whitish-ochreous.  Fore- 
wings  elongate,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  roundpointed, 
hindmargin  long,  rather  strongly  sinuate,  very  oblique  ;  brownish- 
ochreous,  .sprinkled  with  fuscous ;  a  cloudy  rather  dark  fuscous 
streak  from  middle  of  inner  margin  to  middle  of  costa,  nearly 
obsolete  on  upper  half ;  a  cloudy  dai'k  fuscous  dot  in  disc  at  | ; 
cilia  pale  brownish-ochreous,  on  costa  light  crimson  mixed  with 
whitish  and  a  few  black  points,  round  apex  and  on  upper  half  of 
hindmargin  with  a  thick  black  median  line  which  is  rather  strongly 
sinuate  inwards  beneath  apex,  basal  area  before  this  and  entire 
cilia  on  lower  half  of  hindmargin  tinged  with  crimson  and  mixed 
with  fuscous  points.  Hindwings  blackish-grey ;  cilia  fuscous, 
becoming  more  ochreous  towards  anal  angle. 

Brisbane,  Queensland;  one  specimen  received  from  Mr.  G.  H. 
Ray  nor. 

36.  ToNZA,  Walk. 

Head  with  hairs  of  crown  erect,  forming  dense  tuft  between 
antennae,  face  smooth;  ocelli  present;  tongue  developed.  Antennae 
somewhat  over  1,  in  ^  filiform,  simple,  basal  joint  moderate, 
concave  beneath,  without  pecten.  Lal)ial  palpi  moderately  long, 
curved,  ascending,  slender,  with  appressed  scales,  terminal  joint 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  591 

as  long  as  second,  pointed.  Maxillary  palpi  short,  porrected, 
filiform.  Posterior  tibiaj  smooth-scaled.  Forewings  with  vein  1 
simple,  2  and  3  short-stalked  from  angle  of  cell,  4  absent,  5  absent, 
7  and  8  from  a  point,  7  to  hindmargin,  9  absent,  10  absent,  11 
from  |.  Hiudwings  1,  very  elongate-ovate,  cilia  1  ;  3  and  5  short- 
stalked,  4  absent,  8  closely  approximated  to  cell. 

A  remarkable  genus,  which  has  undergone  much  modification, 
and  is  now  sufficiently  remote  from  any  other  known  to  me. 
Besides  the  following,  there  is  a  closely  allied  species  in  South 
Africa,  and  it  is  probable  that  the  genus  may  be  African  in  origin, 
and  that  its  nearest  relatives  should  be  sought  there. 

170.   Tonz.  2ntrella,  V^iiik. 

(Tonza  imrella.  Walk.  1011.) 

(J9.  15-16  mm.  Head  white,  face  pale  yellow.  Palpi  yellowish- 
white.  Antennae  white,  base  pale  yellow.  Thorax  white,  shoulders 
pale  yellow.  Abdomen  white,  apex  in  ^  yellowish-tinged.  I-^egs 
whitish-yellow,  anterior  tibiae  ochreous-tinged.  Forewings  very 
elongate,  parallel-sided,  costa  almost  straight,  slightly  sinuate, 
apex  rounded,  hindmargin  concave,  oblique ;  snow-white,  with 
scattered  faint  pale  grey  strigulse ;  costa  suffused  with  pale  yellow 
from  middle  to  near  apex  ;  a  faint  yellowish  subcostal  streak  from 
base  to  middle ;  a  round  black  almost  apical  dot,  and  a  smaller 
one  on  anal  angle  :  cilia  yellowish-white,  terminal  half  on  hind- 
margin dark  fuscous  becoming  lighter  towards  tips,  beneath  anal 
angle  wholly  white.     Hindwings  and  cilia  white. 

Rockhampton,  Queensland ;  in  November  and  May,  five  speci- 
mens received  from  Mr.  G.  Barnard. 

37.   Nematobola,  n.g. 

Head  with  dense  rough  hairs  on  crown  projecting  between 
antennae,  face  smooth  ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue  developed.  Antennae 
1,  in  ^  filiform,  simple,  basal  joint  rather  dilated  and  concave 
beneath  to  form  small  eyecap,  with  strong  pecten.  Labial  palpi 
moderate,  rather  drooping,  slender,  with  appressed  scales,  terminal 
joint  longer  than  second,  pointed.     Maxillary  palpi  rudimentary. 


592  DESCRIPTIONS    OP    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

Posterior  tibiae  rough-haired.  Forewings  with  vein  1  furcate,  7 
to  costa,  7  and  8  sometimes  stalked,  11  from  before  middle. 
Hind  wings  1,  elongate-ovate,  cilia  1  ;  vein  4  absent. 

Probably  endemic ;  it  is  nearly  related  to  Thereutis,  of  which  it 
may  be  regarded  as  a  development. 

1.  Forewings  with  dark  dorsal  streak  ...    171.  isorista. 
Forewings  without  dark  dorsal  streak       ..  2, 

2.  Forewings  with  dark  median  streak  ...    172.   orthotricha. 
Forewings  without  dark  median  streak     ...   173.  candescens. 

171.  JVe^n.  isorista,  n.sp. 

(J.  13-14  mm.  Head  white^  face  fuscous-tinged.  Palpi  fuscous, 
internally  white.  Antennae  dark  fuscous,  base  white.  Thorax 
white,  with  a  central  light  fuscous  stripe.  Abdomen  grey-whitish. 
Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings  elongate, 
rather  narrow,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  acute,  hindmargin 
slightly  sinuate,  extremely  oblique;  snow-white;  markings  fuscous 
mixed  with  dark  fuscous ;  a  moderate  streak  along  costa  from 
near  base  to  near  apex,  attenuated  at  extremities ;  a  moderate 
streak  along  inner  margin  from  near  base  to  hindmargin  above 
anal  angle,  extremities  attenuated  :  cilia  grey,  paler  towards  tips, 
round  apex  suffused  with  white.  Hindwings  grey;  cilia  ochreous- 
whitish. 

York,  West  Australia ;  in  November,  three  specimens. 

172.   JVem.  orthot7-icha,  n.sp. 

^2-  14-17  mm.  Head  white.  Palpi  fuscous,  internally  white. 
Antennae  fuscous,  base  white.  Thorax  white,  patagia  with  a 
fuscous  central  stripe.  Abdomen  whitish.  Legs  fuscous,  posterior 
pair  whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  rather  narrow,  costa  mode- 
rately arched,  apex  acute,  .somewhat  produced,  hindmargin  slightly 
sinuate,  extremely  oblique  ;  snow-white  ;  two  fuscous  longitudinal 
streaks,  mixed  with  dark  fuscous  on  discal  side ;  first  along  costa 
from  near  base  to  near  apex,  attenuated  towards  base  ;  second 
below    middle   from    base  to  apex :     cilia  whitish-fuscous,   more 


BY    E.   MEYRICK.  593 

whitish  towards  tips,  with  a  white  band  above  apex,  and  a  sharp 
black  basal  line  along  upper  half  of  hindmargin.  Hindwings 
light  grey  ;  cilia  ochreous-whitish. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  Georges  Bay,  Tasmania ;  Gerald- 
ton  and  Perth,  West  Australia;  from  October  to  Januaiy,  four 
specimens.  I  have  also  a  specimen  from  Bathurst,  New  South 
Wales,  which  differs  only  in  not  showing  any  trace  of  the  black 
basal  line  in  cilia ;  it  is  probably  a  variety  only. 

173.  Nem.  candescens,  n.sp. 

^2-  12-15  mm.  Head  and  thorax  white.  Palpi  dark  fuscous, 
intei'nally  white.  Antennae  fuscous,  base  white.  Abdomen 
whitish.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings 
elongate,  rather  narrow,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  tolerably 
acute,  hindmargin  extremely  obliquely  rounded ;  snow-white ;  a 
rather  dark  fuscous  streak  along  costa  from  near  base  almost  or 
quite  to  apex,  attenuated  towards  extremities,  sometimes  irregular 
posterioi'ly  ;  a  slender  sometimes  irregular  dark  fuscous  streak 
along  hindmargin  from  apex  to  anal  angle  :  cilia  ochi'eous-whitish, 
round  apex  with  basal  half  white,  terminal  half  light  fuscous. 
Hindwings  light  grey  or  whitish-grey,  slightly  ochreous-tinged  ; 
cilia  ochreous-whitish. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales ;  Quorn,  South  Australia ;  from 
August  to  October,  rather  common.  Larva  (until  two-thirds 
grown)  apodal,  moniliform,  segments  very  deeply  incised,  head 
small,  retractile ;  glossy  dark  red,  sides  thinly  speckled  with  pale 
yellow  ;  second  and  third  segments  with  an  irregular  yellow-white 
dorsal  mark  ;  head  black,  on  crown  whitish,  with  a  pale  line  on 
each  side  of  face ;  it  mines  a  large  irregular  l)lotch  beneath  uppei'- 
surface  of  leaves  of  Persoonia  lanceolata  (Proteaceae).  Afterwards 
it  becomes  sixteen-legged,  tolerably  cylindrical,  posteriorly  attenu- 
ated, with  long  scattered  hairs  ;  above  dark  blackish-purple  tinged 
with  carmine,  on  sides  pale  greenish-grey ;  spots  dark  grey ;  head 
small,  pale  amber-ochreous,  marked  with  black  :  in  this  stage  it 
feeds  externally,  unprotected,  gnawing  surface  of  leaf.  The  larva 
feeds  in  July  and  August :  the  sudden  transformation  in  structure 


594  DESCRIPTIONS    OF    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

and  habits  is  highly  peculiar.  The  pupa  is  long,  slender,  the 
antennal  eases  projecting  beyond  abdomen  ;  enclosed  in  a  dense 
white  cocoon. 

38.   Harpedonistis,  n.g. 

Head  rough,  face  smooth;  ocelli  present;  tongue  developed. 
Antennee  1^,  in  i^  filiform,  simple,  basal  joint  dilated,  concave 
beneath,  with  pecten.  Labial  palpi  moderately  long,  slightly 
curved,  porrected,  shortly  rough-scaled  beneath  throughout, 
terminal  joint  as  long  as  second,  pointed.  Maxillary  palpi  rudi- 
mentary. Posterior  tibise  rough-haired.  Forewings  with  vein  1 
furcate,  7  and  8  stalked,  7  to  costa,  11  from  beyond  middle. 
Hindwings  1,  elongate-ovate,  cilia  1  ;  vein  4  absent. 

Closely  related  to  Nematohola,  of  which  it  is  doubtless  a 
development. 

174.  Harp,  gonometra,  n.sp. 

(J$.  14-15  mm.  Head,  palpi,  antennae,  and  thorax  light 
ochreous.  Abdomen  ochreous-whitish.  Legs  light  ochreous 
sprinkled  with  fuscous,  posterior  pair  ochreous-whitish.  Fore- 
wings  elongate,  costa  rather  strongly  arched,  apex  tolerably  acute, 
hindmargin  slightly  rounded,  very  oblique ;  light  ochreous, 
irregularly  sprinkled  with  ochreous-brown ;  a  white  outwardly 
oblique  streak  from  inner  margin  beyond  middle,  reaching  half 
across  wing,  and  a  similar  inwardly  oblique  streak  from  anal  angle, 
their  extremities  almost  meeting  ;  first  of  these  preceded  by  an 
ochreous-brown  sufi"usion,  and  space  between  them  wholly  sufi'used 
with  ochreous-brown ;  a  sufi'used  ochreous-brown  streak  along 
hindmargio  and  apical  part  of  costa  :  cilia  whitish-ochreous,  mixed 
with  ochreous-brown,  basal  half  white  on  costa  and  upper  half  of 
hindmargin,  marked  with  a  deep  black  spot  at  apex.  Hindwings 
and  cilia  ochreous-grey-whitish. 

Warragul,  Victoria ;  two  specimens  received  from  Mr.  G.  H. 
Raynor. 

39.  Thereutis,  n.g. 

Head  with  dense  rough  hairs  on  crown  projecting  between 
antennae,  face  smooth ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue  developed.      Antennae 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  595 

I5-IJ,  in  ^  serrate,  shortly  ciliated  (|),  basal  joint  moderate,  with 
strong  pecten.  Labial  palpi  moderate,  rather  drooping,  slender, 
with  appressed  scales,  terminal  joint  longer  than  second,  pointed. 
Maxillary  palpi  rudimentary.  Posterior  tibiae  rough-haired. 
Fore  wings  with  vein  1  furcate,  7  and  8  sometimes  stalked,  7  to 
costa,  11  from  middle.  Hindwings  1,  elongate-ovate,  cilia  1  ;  cilia 
of  inner  margin  in  ^  sometimes  forming  a  long  expansile  pencil ; 
vein  4  absent. 

Apparently  a  very  eai'ly  form,  indicating  a  possible  origin  for 
some  of  the  preceding  genera. 

1.  Forewings  with  white  costal  streak 2. 

Forewings  without  white  costal  streak 3. 

2.  White  streak  becoming  subcostal  posteriorly  177.   schismatica. 
White  streak  remaining  costal  throughout...  178.  chionozyga. 

3.  Hindwings  in   ^  with  long  inner-marginal 

pencil  of  cilia 175.  arcana. 

Hindwings  in  (J  without  inner-marginal  pencil   176.  insidiosa. 

175.   Ther.  arcana,  n.sp. 

^.  14  mm.  Head  ferruginous-fuscous,  sides  of  crown  whitish, 
face  grey  mixed  with  blackish  and  whitish.  Palpi  whitish, 
terminal  joint  fuscous-tinged.  Antennte  light  fuscous.  Thorax 
fuscous  mixed  with  whitish.  Abdomen  grey.  Legs  dark  fuscons, 
posterior  pair  ochreous-whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  narrow, 
costa  moderately  arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  very 
obliquely  rounded ;  7  and  8  stalked  ;  fuscous,  irrorated  with  dark 
fuscous  ;  dorsal  area  beneath  fold  irrorated  with  whitish ;  a  short 
oblique  whitish  mark  resting  on  fold  before  middle,  preceded  and 
followed  by  suffused  blackish  spots  somewhat  mixed  with  ferru- 
ginous :  cilia  pale  fuscous,  with  indications  of  a  dark  fuscous  line. 
Hindwings  with  cilia  of  inner  margin  enlarged  to  form  a  long 
expansile  whitish-ochreous  pencil ;  dark  fuscous-grey ;  cilia  light 
ochreous-grey. 

Albany,  West  Australia;  in  October,  one  specimen. 


596  DESCRIPTIONS   OP    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

176.  Ther.  insidiosa,  n.sp. 

^.  9  mm.  Head  white,  mixed  with  grey.  Palpi  whitish, 
externally  mixed  with  dark  fuscous.  Antennae  whitish-fuscous. 
Thorax  and  abdomen  light  grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair 
whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  narrow,  costa  moderately  arched, 
apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  very  obliquely  rounded ;  7  and  8 
stalked  ;  fuscous,  densely  and  suffusedly  irrorated  throughout 
with  white,  with  some  scattered  dark  fuscous  scales ;  a  blackish 
ill-defined  longitudinal  mark  in  disc  before  middle,  a  blackish  dot 
above  fold  beyond  middle,  and  another  in  disc  at  f  :  cilia  whitish- 
fuscous.     Hindwings  grey  ;  cilia  whitish-fuscous. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales  ;  in  March,  one  specimen. 

177.   Ther.  schismatica,  n.sp. 

2.  12-13  mm.  Head  white,  more  or  less  mixed  with  fuscous. 
Palpi  white,  externally  fuscous.  Antennae  whitish-fuscous. 
Thorax  white.  Abdomen  grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior 
])air  whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  narrow,  costa  moderately 
arched,  apex  acute,  hindmargin  sinuate,  very  oblique ;  7  and  8 
separate;  fuscous,  towards  inner  margin  sprinkled  with  whitish  ; 
a  moderate  white  streak  from  near  base  along  costa,  leaving  costa 
before  middle  and  proceeding  as  a  subcostal  streak  to  costa  again 
at  I,  extremities  attenuated,  beneath  edged  with  a  more  or  less 
distinct  dark  fuscous  suffusion  ;  a  more  or  less  distinct  dark 
fuscous  suffused  line  along  submedian  fold  :  cilia  whitish-fuscous. 
Hindwings  fuscous-grey  ;  cilia  whitish-fuscous. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales  ;  in  September,  two  specimens. 
Larva  16-1  egged,  rather  stout,  attenuated  at  posterior  extremity, 
with  scattered  short  blackish  hairs  ;  dull  rather  deep  green, 
variably  suffused  with  purple,  especially  towards  middle  and  on 
sides ;  subspiracular  line  whitish,  distinct ;  head  greenish-ochre- 
ous :  it  feeds  openly  on  Styjyhelia  viridis  (Ej^acrideae),  eating 
away  the  entire  substance  of  leaves  from  the  edge,  in  August. 
Pupa  in  a  firm  white  cocoon  amongst  leaves.  It  is  no  doubt 
possible  that  this  larva,  like  that  of  Nematohola  candescens,  may 
be  a  miner  when  young. 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  597 

178.    Ther.  chionozyga,  n.sp. 

^9.  11-14  mm.  Head  white,  more  or  less  mixed  or  suffused 
with  fuscous.  Palpi  white,  terminal  joint  mixed  with  fuscous. 
Ant^nnfe  whitish.  Thorax  white,  somewhat  mixed  with  fuscous. 
Abdomen  whitish-grey.  Legs  whitish,  anterior  pair  dark  fuscous. 
Forewings  elongate,  narrow,  costa  moderately  arched,  apex  acute, 
hindmargin  sinuate,  very  oblique ;  7  and  8  separate ;  ochreous- 
grey,  dorsal  half  densely  irrorated  with  white ;  a  moderate  white 
costal  streak  from  near  base  to  |,  attenuated  towards  extremities ; 
sometimes  three  small  round  fuscous  spots  indicated  below  fold 
near  base,  and  in  disc  at  ^  and  |,  but  these  are  usually  absent : 
cilia  light  greyish-ochreous  mixed  or  suffused  with  white.  Hind- 
wings  grey ;  cilia  whitish-grey. 

Bathurst  (2500  feet)  and  Sydney,  New  South  Wales  ;  Georges 
Bay,  Tasmania  ;  Port  Lincoln,  South  Australia  ;  York,  West 
Australia ;  from  September  to  December,  eight  specimens. 

40.  Amphithera,  n.g. 

Head  with  dense  rough  hairs  on  crown,  face  smooth ;  ocelli 
present ;  tongue  developed.  Antennae  1^,  in  ^  serrate,  shortly 
ciliated  (|),  basal  joint  moderate,  with  pecten.  Labial  palpi 
moderately  long,  curved,  porrected,  slender,  with  appressed  scales, 
terminal  joint  as  long  as  second,  pointed.  Maxillary  palpi  rudi- 
mentary. Posterior  tibise  rough-haired.  Forewings  with  vein  1 
furcate,  7  and  8  stalked,  7  to  costa,  11  from  middle.  Hind  wings 
1^-1^,  elongate,  trapezoidal,  cilia  ^-| ;  veins  3  and  4  from  a  point. 

This  can  only  be  regarded  as  a  most  primitive  form  of  the 
family,  in  wing-structure  closely  approaching  the  Plutellidae  and 
early  Gelechiadae;  the  proportionately  broad  hind  wings,  especially 
developed  in  the  female,  are  quite  exceptional  in  this  family. 
Thereutis  would  appear  to  have  been  directly  developed  from  it. 

179.  Aniph.  heteromorpha,  n.sp. 
^  9-11  mm.,  9  13-14  mm.     Head  white  mixed  or  partly  suffused 
with  fuscous,  in  9   ochreous-tinged.      Palpi   dark   fuscous,   apex 
whitish.     Antennae  whitish,  towards  base  fuscous.     Thorax  white 


598  DESCRIPTIONS    OP   AUSTRALIAN   MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

or  ochreous-whitish,  sometimes  suffused  with  fuscous  or  dark 
fuscous  on  back.  Abdomen  ip  ^  whitish,  in  ^  grey.  Legs  dark 
fuscous,  middle  pair  partly  suffused  with  white,  posterior  pair 
whitish.  Forewings  elongate,  rather  narrow,  costa  moderately 
arched,  apex  roundpointed,  hindmargin  sinuate,  oblique;  brownish- 
ochreous,  in  J"  slightly,  in  Q  strongly  mixed  with  dark  fuscous  ; 
in  (J  an  irregular  suffused  white  streak  along  fold,  marked  beneath 
with  three  ill-defined  blackish-fuscous  spots  or  dashes,  and  apical 
half  of  wing  mostly  suffused  with  white ;  in  ^  a  white  patch 
occupying  costal  half  of  wing  from  g  to  apex,  lower  edge  marked 
at  f  of  disc  with  a  semicircular  indentation,  beneath  which  is  a 
small  white  spot  :  cilia  whitish,  on  hindmargin  mixed  witli  dark 
fuscous,  forming  two  or  three  cloudy  lines  and  an  apical  bar. 
Hindwings  relatively  broader  in  ^  ;  in  (J  whitish,  cilia  whitish  ; 
in  9  rather  dark  grey,  cilia  grey. 

Sydney  and  Bulli,  New  South  Wales  ;  Georges  Bay,  Tasmania  ; 
from  October  to  April,  not  uncommon. 

41.  Oateristis,  Meyr. 

Head  rough  on  crown,  face  smooth  ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue 
short.  Anteunse  almost  1,  in  ^  filiform,  simple,  basal  joint 
enlarged,  with  dense  pecten  of  scales  forming  an  eyecap.  Labial 
palpi  short,  drooping,  filiform.  Maxillary  palpi  rudimentary. 
Posterior  tibise  clothed  with  long  hairs.  Forewings  with  vein  1 
simple,  3  absent,  4  absent,  6  and  7  stalked,  7  to  costa,  8  absent, 
9  absent,  11  from  middle.  Hindwiugs  §,  lanceolate,  cilia  3; 
vein  3  absent,  4  absent,  cell  open  between  2  and  5,  5  aad  6 
stalked,  6  to  costa,  7  absent. 

Probably  a  degenerate  development  of  Nematohola^  indicating 
rather  clearly  the  origin  of  the  other  degenerate  genera  which 
follow.  The  single  species  is  common  to  Australia  and  New 
Zealand,  but  little  is  known  of  it  at  present. 

180.    Cat.  eustyla,  Meyr. 
(Cateristis  eustyla,  Meyr.,  Trans.  N.  Zeal.  Inst.  1888,  164.) 
(J.   10-11  mm.     Head  and  thorax  white,  face  grey.     Forewings 
lanceolate  ;  snow-white  ;  a  slender  dark  fuscous  streak  along  costa 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  599 

from  ^  to  I :  cilia  light  grey,  towards  base  whiter,  round  apex 
wholly  white  or  ochreous-white,  with  a  grey  dot.  Hind  wings  and 
cilia  light  grey. 

Hobart,  Tasmania  ;  one  specimen  in  January.  Also  obtained 
from  the  South  Island  of  New  Zealand, 

•42.    DiPLOTHECTIS,  n.g. 

Head  rough,  face  smooth  ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue  developed. 
Antennae  §,  in  ^  filiform,  simple,  basal  joint  moderate,  with  large 
"strong  pecten.  Labial  palpi  very  short,  porrected,  loosely  scaled. 
Maxillary  palpi  obsolete.  Posterior  tibise  clothed  with  long  very 
dense  hairs.  Forewings  with  vein  1  simple,  3  absent,  4  absent,  6 
absent,  7  to  costa,  8  absent,  9  absent,  11  from  before  middle. 
Hindwings  |,  narrow-lanceolate,  cilia  4 ;  cell  open  between  3 
and  5,  4  absent,  5  and  6  stalked,  6  to  hindmargin. 

Although  closely  related  to  the  neighbouring  genera,  it  is  not 
apparent  with  which  it  is  most  nearly  connected.  The  labial 
palpi  are  peculiarly  short.  The  neuration  seems  to  be  as  I  have 
described,  but  I  have  only  the  one  specimen  for  examination. 

181.  Dipl.  chionochalca,  n.sp. 

(J.  10  mm.  Head  whitish  mixed  with  fuscous.  Palpi  whitish. 
Antennse  grey.  Thorax  whitish.  Abdomen  whitish-grey.  Legs 
dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings  lanceolate ; 
shining  bronze;  a  broad  snow-white  costal  streak  from  base  almost 
to  apex :  cilia  light  grey,  on  costal  streak  white.  Hindwings 
grey  ;  cilia  light  ochreous-grey. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales  ;  in  September,  one  specimen. 

43.  Bedellia,  Stt. 

Head  densely  rough-haired,  face  smooth  ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue 
short.  Antennae  1,  in  ^  filiform,  simple,  basal  joint  rather  stout, 
with  large  dense  pecten.  Labial  palpi  short,  porrected,  slender, 
pointed.  Maxillary  palpi  obsolete.  Posterior  tibiae  clothed  with 
long  hairs.  Forewings  with  vein  1  simple,  3  from  point  with  2 
or  absent,  4  absent,  6  absent,  6  out  of  8  or  absent,  7  and  8  stalked. 
41 


600  DESCRIPTIONS    OP   AUSTRALIAN   MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

7  to  hindmargin,  11  from  middle  of  cell.  Hindwings  ^,  linear- 
lanceolate,  cilia  6 ;  cell  open  between  2  and  5,  3  absent,  4  absent. 
One  of  the  earlier  of  the  degenerate  types,  but  its  exact  affinity 
cannot  be  traced  at  present.  The  single  Australian  species  occurs 
widely  in  Europe  and  North  America,  and  may  have  been  intro- 
duced here,  but  it  is  equally  possible  that  it  may  be  really 
indigenous  ;  it  occurs  also  in  New  Zealand,  where  there  is  a 
second  species,  which  is  apparently  endemic.  The  naked  pupa 
may  be  compared  with  that  of  Thudaca. 

182.  Bed.  somnulentella,  Z. 

(Bedellia  sommdentdla,  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.W.  1880, 
170;  Trans.  N.  Zeal.  Inst.  1888,  164.) 

Also  taken  at  Duaringa,  Queen.sland ;  Bathurst  (2300  feet), 
New  South  Wales ;  Warragul,  Victoria ;  Port  Lincoln,  South 
Australia;  Geraldton,  West  Australia;  from  August  to  November. 

44.  Arctocoma,  Meyr. 

Head  rough-haired,  face  smooth;  ocelli  absent;  tongue  developed. 
Antennae  almost  1,  in  ^  filiform,  simple,  basal  joint  rather  dilated, 
somewhat  concave  beneath,  with  pecteu.  Labial  palpi  very  short, 
porrected,  filiform.  Maxillary  palpi  obsolete.  Posterior  tibise 
clothed  with  long  hairs.  Forewings  with  vein  1  simple,  cell  open 
between  2  and  7,  veins  3,  4,  5,  6  absent,  7  to  costa,  8  absent,  9 
absent,  11  from  middle.  Hindwings  |,  lanceolate,  cilia  3;  cell 
open  between  2  and  5,  3  absent,  4  absent,  6  to  hindmargin. 

Probably  a  more  degenerate  development  of  Bedellia. 

183.  Arct.  ursinella,  Meyr. 

(Arctocoma  ursinella,  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.W.  1880,  171.) 
Also  taken  at  Launceston,  Tasmania,  in  January. 

45.  Bucculatrix,  Z. 
Head   roughly  tufted  on  crown,  face   smooth  ;    ocelli   absent ; 
tongue  short.     Antennse  f,  in  ^  filiform,  simple,  basal  joint  dilated 
and  concave   beneath,   with    dense   pecten,   forming   an   eyecap. 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  601 

Labial  palpi  absent.  Maxillary  palpi  absent.  Posterior  tibioe 
clothed  with  long  hairs.  Forewings  with  vein  1  simple,  3  some- 
times absent,  4  absent,  5  absent,  7  to  costa,  8  sometimes  absent,  11 
from  before  middle.  Hindwings  |-|,  narrow-lanceolate,  cilia  3-5  ; 
cell  open  between  2  and  5,  3  absent,  4  absent. 

Probably  a  development  of  the  Nematobola  group,  but  no 
immediate  connection  can  be  made  out.  The  genus  is  of  some 
extent  in  the  Northern  hemisphere,  and  from  its  obscurity  may 
have  been  overlooked  elsewhere.  The  peculiar  larval  habits  may 
be  compared  with  those  of  Nematohola. 

1.  Forewings  grey 2. 

Forewings  ochreous 3. 

2.  Forewings  sufFusedly  streaked  with  white...    184.  xenaula, 
Forewings  not  noticeably  mixed  with  white  185.  ptochastis. 

3.  Antennfe  ringed  with  white 4. 

Antennae  not  ringed  with  white 188.  asphyctella. 

4.  Forewings  with  pale  costal  patches 187.  lassella. 

Forewings  without  pale  costal  patches 186.  eucalypti. 

184.  Bucc.  xenaida,  n.sp. 

(J$.  8-9  mm.  Head  dark  fuscous,  sides  mixed  with  whitish, 
forehead  white,  face  white  sprinkled  with  fuscous.  Antennae 
grey,  ringed  with  darker,  basal  joint  white.  Thorax  dark  fuscous, 
sprinkled  with  white.  Abdomen  prismatic  grey,  beneath  white. 
Legs  dark  fuscons,  apex  of  joints  and  hairs  of  posterior  tibiae 
whitish,  middle  tibiae  suffusedly  banded  with  whitish.  Forewings 
elongate-lanceolate  ;  greyish-fuscous,  irregularly  mixed  with  white, 
forming  suffused  streaks  on  margins  of  dark  markings,  and 
sprinkled  with  dark  fuscous  ;  markings  formed  by  a  cloudy 
blackish  irroration  ;  a  streak  along  submedian  fold  from  base 
to  near  middle  ;  a  small  spot  on  costa  near  base  ;  two  oblique 
streaks  from  costa,  not  reaching  half  across  wing,  first  before, 
second  beyond  middle ;  an  oblique  streak  from  inner  margin 
before  middle  to  submedian  streak,  sometimes  nearly  obsolete ; 
an  irregular  patch  on  inner  margin  at  |,  extending  to  fold  ;  a 


602  DESCRIPTIONS    OP   AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

longitudinal  mark  before  hindmargin  in  middle  :  cilia  fuscous- 
whitish,  round  apex  suffused  with  white  and  mixed  with  black 
jDoints.     Hindwings  rather  dark  grey  ;  cilia  fuscous-grey. 

Adelaide,  South  Australia ;  in  October,  four  specimens  bred 
from  elongate  firm  white  longitudinally  ribbed  cocoons  found  on 
the  bark  of  Sterculia  ( Sterculiaceae )  in  the  Botanical  Gai  dens. 

185,  Bucc.  ptochastis,  n.sp. 

(J^.  8  mm.  Head  dark  fuscous,  sides  mixed  with  whitish, 
forehead  white,  face  fuscous-white.  Antennae  grey,  ringed  with 
darker,  basal  joint  white.  Thorax  grey.  Abdomen  prismatic 
grey-whitish,  beneath  white.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  apex  of  joints 
and 'hairs  of  posterior  tibise  whitish,  Forewings  elongate-lanceo- 
late ;  grey  ;  markings  very  ill-defined,  formed  by  black  irroration  ; 
an  interrupted  streak  along  submedian  fold  from  base  to  near 
anal  angle ;  two  oblique  marks  from  costa,  first  before,  second 
beyond  middle  ;  a  small  spot  on  inner  margin  at  ^  ;  a  longitudinal 
mark  before  hindmargin  in  middle  :  cilia  whitish-grey,  round  apex 
sprinkled  with  black  points.     Hindwings  grey  ;  cilia  pale  grey. 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales;  York,  West  Australia  ;  in  October, 
two  specimens.  It  has  considerable  similarity  with  the  preceding 
species,  but  is  much  more  uniform  in  appearance,  owing  to  the 
absence  of  the  white  suffused  streaks  and  the  partial  obliteration 
of  the  black  markings. 

186.  BuGC.  eucalypti,  Meyr. 

(Bucculatrix  eucalypti,  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.W,  1880, 
179.) 

187.  Bucc.  lassella,  Meyr. 

(Bucculatrix  lasella,  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn,  Soc.  N.S.W,  1880,  180.) 

188.  Bucc.  asphyctella,  Meyr. 

(Bucculatrix  asphyctella,  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.W.  1880, 
181.) 

Also  taken  at  Deloraine,  Tasmania,  in  November. 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  603 

46.  Stegommata,  Meyr. 

Head  roughly  tufted  on  crown,  face  smooth ;  ocelli  absent ; 
tongue  developed.  Antennse  1  or  over  1,  in  ^  filiform,  simple, 
basal  joint  dilated  and  concave  beneath,  with  strong  dense  pecten, 
forming  an  eyecap.  Labial  palpi  moderate,  rather  drooping, 
slender,  filiform,  terminal  joint  twice  as  long  as  second.  Maxillary 
palpi  obsolete.  Posterior  tibiae  shortly  rough-haired.  Forewings 
with  vein  1  furcate,  4  absent,  5  absent,  7  to  costa,  8  absent,  9 
absent,  1 1  from  middle.  Hindwings  ^,  linear-lanceolate,  cilia  6  ; 
cell  open  between  2  and  5,  3  absent,  4  absent,  6  to  hindmargin. 

Probably  allied  to  Bucculatrix,  but  collaterally  only,  both  being 
derivable  from  some  one  earlier  form. 

1.  Forewings  with  short  black  streaks  in  disc  189.  leptomitella. 
Forewings  without  black  streaks  in  disc 2, 

2.  Forewings  witli  dorsal  half    suffused  with 

pale  yellow 191.  sulfiiratella. 

Forewings  with  dorsal  half  not  pale  yellow  190.  hesperias. 

189.  Steff.  leptomitella,  Meyr. 
(Stegommata  leptomitella,  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn,  Soc.  N.S.W.  1880. 
172.) 

Also  taken  at  Melbourne,  Victoria,  in  October. 

190.  Steg.  hesperias,  n.sp. 
(Jg.  10-11  mm.  Head  white,  crown  slightly  mixed  with  dark 
fuscous.  Palpi  white.  Antennae  white,  ringed  with  fuscous, 
Thorax  white.  Abdomen  whitish.  Legs  white,  tarsi  spotted  with 
dark  fuscous.  Forewings  very  elongate,  narrow,  acutely  pointed, 
apex  produced  ;  snow-white  ;  four  pale  brownish-ochreous  oblique 
streaks  from  posterior  half  of  costa,  reaching  about  half  across 
wing,  fourth  little  oblique ;  a  series  of  cloudy  indistinct  pale 
brownish-ochreous  spots  along  inner  and  hind  margin,  not  reaching 
half  across  wing ;  a  round  black  apical  dot :  cilia  whitish,  with 
two  fine  outwardly  oblique  blackish  dashes  above  apex,  two  grey 
ones  below  apex,  and  a  grey  apical  hook,  Hindwings  grey ;  cilia 
grey -whitish. 


604  DESCRIPTIONS   OF   AUSTRALIAN   MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

Albany,  West  Australia ;  in  September  and  October,  six 
specimens. 

191.  Steg.  sulfuratella,  Meyr. 

( Stegommata  sulfuratella,  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.W.  1880, 
172.) 

Also  taken  at  Glen  Innes  (3500  feet).  New  South  Wales  ; 
Launceston,  Deloraine,  Campbelltown,  and  Geotges  Bay,  Tas- 
mania ;  Mount  Lofty,  South  Australia  :  in  November  and  Decem- 
ber. Larval  and  pupal  habits  recorded  in  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.W. 
1882,  200. 

47.  Crobylophora,  Meyr. 

Head  roughly  tufted  on  crown,  face  smooth ;  ocelli  absent ; 
tongue  short.  Antennse  |,  in  J"  filiform,  simple,  basal  joint 
broadly  dilated  and  concave  beneath,  with  dense  pecten,  forming 
an  eyecap.  Labial  palpi  short,  drooping,  filiform.  Maxillary 
palpi  obsolete.  Posterior  tibiae  clothed  with  long  hairs.  Fore- 
wings  with  vein  1  simple,  4  absent,  5  absent,  7  to  costa,  8  absent, 
9  absent,  10  absent,  11  from  middle.  Hind  wings  under  ^,  very 
narrowly  lanceolate,  cilia  4-6  ;  cell  open  between  2  and  5,  3  absent, 
4  absent. 

A  development  of  Stegommata. 
Forewings  with  yellowish  median  streak  from 

base 192.  chrysidiella. 

Forewings  without  yellowish  median  streak  from 

base 193.  daricella. 

192.  Groh.  chrysidiella,  Meyr. 
(Crobylophora  chrysidiella,   Meyr.,   Proc.    Linn.    Soc.    N.S.W. 

1880,  178.) 

Also  taken  in  June  and  September. 

193.  Groh.  daricella,  Meyr. 

(Crobylophora  daricella,  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.W.  1880, 
178.) 

Also  taken  at  Duaringa,  Queensland,  by  Mr.  G.  Barnard,  in 
August  and  October. 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  605 


48,  Opostega,  Z. 


Head  roiigh-haired,  back  of  crown  smooth ;  ocelli  absent ; 
tongue  short  or  absent.  Antennae  ^,  in  ^  filiform,  simple,  basal 
joint  very  greatly  enlarged,  dilated  and  concave  beneath  to  form 
large  eyecap,  without  pecten.  Labial  palpi  short,  drooping, 
filiform.  Maxillary  palpi  long,  folded,  filiform.  Abdomen  more 
or  less  flattened.  Posterior  tibiie  and  first  joint  of  tarsi  with  long 
stiff  bristle-like  scales,  inner  middle  spur  extremely  lon^.  Fore- 
wings  with  vein  1  simple,  cell  open  between  2  and  11,  veins  3-10 
absent ;  lower  surface  with  large  basal  denuded  patch  beneath 
costa.  Hindwings  ^-h,  narrowly  lanceolate,  beneath  with  median 
pecten  of  stiff  scales  towards  base,  cilia  3-5  ;  cell  open  between  2 
and  5,  3  absent,  4  absent. 

This  is  a  highly  peculiar  and  very  isolated  genus,  at  present 
known  only  by  a  few  species  from  the  Northern  hemisphere  besides 
the  Australian.  Although  it  is  convenient  to  place  it  at  the  end 
of  the  family,  it  probably  has  no  near  relationship  to  the  genera 
immediately  preceding.  The  presence  of  the  antennal  eyecap,  and 
the  degraded  neuration  have  led  to  its  previous  association  with 
them,  but  these  characters  are  illusory ;  in  them  the  eyecap  is 
formed  in  large  part  by  the  pecten,  whilst  in  Opostega,  though  the 
eyecap  is  much  larger,  it.  is  wholly  constituted  by  the  basal  joint 
itself,  which  is  enormously  enlarged ;  and  the  degradation  of  the 
neuration  much  exceeds  that  which  is  found  in  them.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  rough  face  and  long  folded  maxillary  palpi  point 
distinctly  to  a  connection  with  the  groups  of  Tinea  or  Erechthias, 
especially  perhaps  the  latter;  and  it  is  most  probable  that  Opostega 
is  a  degenerate  and  very  ancient  development  of  that  group,  the 
connecting  links  being  perhaps  wholly  extinct.  The  broad 
depressed  abdomen,  which  is  a  marked  character  of  Opostega^  is 
found  in  Eurytyla,  one  of  that  group.  The  structure  of  the 
posterior  legs  and  the  special  structures  of  the  wings  appear  to  be 
peculiar  to  Opostega,  and  nothing  approaching  them  occurs  in  any 
other  genei-a  of  the  family. 


606  DESCRIPTIONS    OF    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

1.  Forewings   with  dark  markings  from  inner 

margin 2. 

Forewings  without  dark  markings  from  inner 

margin 6. 

2.  Hindvvings  white 196.  stiriella. 

Hindwings  not  white 3. 

3.  Forewings   with    anterior  fascia  formed   by 

two  triangular  sj)ots 200.  xenodoxa. 

Forewings  with   anterior  fascia  not  formed 

by  triangular  spots 4. 

4.  Anterior  fascia  straight 199.  diorthota.  • 

Anterior  fascia  angulated 5. 

5.  Forewings  with  two  angulated  fasciae 198.  chalinias. 

Forewings  with  one  angulated  fascia 197.  gephyraea. 

6.  Forewings  with  grey  subbasal  streak  in  hind- 

marginal  cilia 194,  basilissa. 

Forewings  without  grey  subbasal  streak  in 

hindmarginal  cilia 195.  orestias. 

194.  Op.  basilissa,  n.sp. 

9.  11-15  mm.  Head,  palpi,  antennae,  thorax,  and  abdomen 
white.  Legs  white,  anterior  pair  and  all  tarsi  more  or  less 
infuscated.  Forewings  elongate-lanceolate,  apex  produced  ;  snow- 
white  ;  a  light  yellow-ochreous  streak  along  upper  half  of  hind- 
margin  to  apex :  cilia  white,  with  two  fine  suberect  black  bars 
above  apex,  a  small  black  subbasal  spot  and  blackish  hook  at 
apex,  and  a  subbasal  grey  streak  along  hindmargin,  interrupted  in 
middle.  Hindwings  light  grey ;  cilia  white,  sometimes  ochreous- 
tinged. 

Deloraine,  Tasmania ;  Perth,  West  Australia ;  in  October  and 
November,  two  specimens.  The  larger  of  these  is  quite  gigantic 
for  this  genus. 

195.  Op.  orestias,  Meyr. 

(Opostega  orestias,  Meyr,,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.W.  1880,  175.) 


BY    E.  MEYRICK.  607 

196.  Op.  stiriella,  Meyr. 
(Opostega  stiriella,  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.W.  1880,  175.) 

197.   Op.  gephyraea,  Meyr. 
(Opostega  gephyraea,  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.W.  1880,  176.) 
Also  taken  in  September  and  April. 

198.  Op.  chalinias,  n.sp. 

Q.  10  mm.  Head  and  palpi  white,  back  of  crown  ochreous. 
Antennae  pale  greyish,  basal  joint  white.  Thorax  ochreous- 
whitish.  Abdomen  grey.  Legs  whitish,  anterior  pair  dark  fus- 
cous. Forewings  elongate-lanceolarte,  apex  produced  ;  ochreons- 
white  ;  two  narrow  acutely  angulated  golden-fuscous  fascise,  first 
before  middle,  very  ill-defined,  second  beyond  middle,  some- 
what interrupted  in  disc ;  apex  suffused  with  light  golden  fuscous : 
cilia  whitish-fuscous,  round  apex  suffused  with  white  on  basal 
half,  with  a  thick  dark  brown  basal  line  along  costa  and  upper 
half  of  hindmargin,  a  small  black  subbasal  spot  at  apex  connected 
with  a  fine  suberect  black  bar  above  apex,  a  cloudy  suberect 
fuscous  bar  beyond  this,  and  a  fuscous  apical  bar.  Hindwings 
dark  fuscous  ;  cilia  fuscous. 

Georges  Bay,  Tasmania ;  in  January,  one  specimen. 

199.  Op.  diorthota,  n.sp. 

(J.  12  mm.  Head  white.  Palpi  white,  externally  dark  fuscous. 
Antennse  fuscous- whitish,  basal  joint  white.  Thorax  light  fus- 
cous, mixed  with  whitish  on  back.  Abdomen  grey -whitish.  Legs 
whitish,  anterior  pair  fuscous.  Forewings  elongate-lanceolate, 
apex  somewhat  produced  ;  white  ;  two  narrow  straight  fuscous 
fasciae,  sprinkled  with  dark  fuscous,  first  from  before  middle  of 
costa  to  middle  of  inner  margin,  second  from  i  of  costa  to  anal 
angle  :  cilia  white,  beneath  apex  and  on  anal  angle  suft'used  with 
light  fuscous  and  sprinkled  with  dark  fuscous,  with  a  light  fus- 
cous spot  opposite  costal  exti-emity  of  second  fascia.  Hindwings 
dark  grey  ;  cilia  whitish-fuscous  ;  costa  fringed  with  whitish 
bristles  on  basal  half. 

Albany,  West  Australia ;  in  October,  one  specimen. 


608  DESCRIPTIONS    OF   AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 

200.  02^.  xenodoxa,  n.sp. 

Q.  6  mm.  Head  white.  Palpi  white,  externally  dark  fuscous. 
Antennfe  light  fuscous,  basal  joint  white.  Thorax  white.  Al)domen 
light  grey.  Legs  dark  fuscous,  posterior  pair  whitish.  Forewings 
elongate-lanceolate,  apex  produced  ;  snow-white  ;  markings  rather 
dark  greyish-fuscous,  finely  edged  with  black  ;  a  short  dash  along 
costa  near  base  ;  a  triangular  spot  on  costa  before  middle,  and 
another  on  inner  margin  before  middle,  their  apices  touching ;  an 
apical  patch,  suffused  with  ochreous  in  disc,  its  anterior  edge 
running  from  |  of  costa  to  anal  angle,  rather  strongly  emarginate 
below  middle;  a  small  black  apical  dot:  cilia  whitish-grey,  round 
apex  and  on  costa  greyer,  sprinkled  with  minute  white  points  in 
rows,  with  a  small  black  mark  at  base  of  costal  cilia  at  %.  Hind- 
wings  pale  grey  ;  cilia  whitish-grey. 

Glen  Innes  (3500  feet),  New  South  Wales ;  in  December,  one 
specimen. 

Appendix. 

The  following  species  described  by  Walker  as  referable  to  genera 
of  this  family  were  erroneously  so  assigned  :  they  are  quoted 
here  for  the  sake  of  completion. 

201.  Tinea  anticella,  Walk.  483.  A  synonym  of  Achroea 
grisella,  Hb.  (Galleriadae),  I  believe. 

202.  Incurvaria  hasijylaga,  ib.  490.  Belongs  to  Peltophora 
(  Oecophoridae) . 

203.  /.  jjroximella,  ib.  490.     Also  a  Peltophora. 

204.  /.  conjitnctella,  ib.  491.     Belongs  to  the  Plutellidae. 

205.  /.  abditella,  ib.  491.  Belongs  to  Aeolocosma  (Glyphiptery- 
gidae). 

206.  Tinea  comptella,'\h.\QQl.  Belongs  to  Lozosto7na(U lachis- 
tidae). 

207.  T.  tortricitella,  ib.  Suppl.  1812.  Unidentified;  perhaps 
belongs  to  Tortricidae. 

208.  T.  oecophorella,  ib.  1813.  A  synonym  of  Cornarchis  aspec- 
iatella,  Walk.  (Arctiadae). 


BY    E.  MEYRICK. 


609 


Index  of  Genera. 


Acmosara,  Meyr 32. 

Acridotarsa,  n.g 9. 

Adela,  Latr 2. 

Amphithera,  n.g 40. 

Arctocoma,  Meyr 44. 

Ardiosteres,  n.g 11. 

Bedellia,  Stt 43. 

Blabophanes,  Z 14. 

Buccalatrix,  Z 45. 

Cateristis,  Meyr 41. 

Chorocosma,  n.g 23. 

Ciirysoryctis,  Meyr 16. 

Comodica,  Meyr 24. 

Crobylophora,  Meyr 47. 

Ctenocompa,  n.g 4. 

Dascia,  n.g 31. 

Demobrotis,  n.g... 19. 

Diplothectis,  n.g 42. 

Dryadaula,  n.g 22. 

Endophthora,  Meyr 20. 

Ei-eunetis,  Meyr 25. 

Eriocottis,  Z 7. 

Eurytyla,  n.g 26. 

Harpedonistis,  n.g 38. 


Hestiaula,  n.g 35. 

Hieroxestis,  n.g 28. 

Hippiochaetes,  Meyr 27. 

Iphierga,  n.g 10. 

Lepidoscia,  n.g 6. 

Macarangela,  n.g 34. 

Macraeola,  n.g 18. 

Mesopherna,  n.g 8. 

Mimoscopa,  n.g 13. 

Mychonoa,  n.g 21. 

Nematobola,  n.g 37. 

Nemotois,  Hb 1. 

Opostega,  Z 48. 

Scardia,  Tr 12. 

Sentica,  Walk 3. 

Stegommata,  Meyr 46. 

Thereutis,  n.g 39. 

Thudaca,  Walk 30. 

Timaea,  Walk 29. 

Tinea,  L 15. 

Tineola,  H-S 17. 

Tonza,  Walk 36. 

Xysmatodoraa,  Z 5. 

Zelleria,  Stt 33. 


Index  of  Species. 

The  numbers  refer  to  those  attached  to  each  species  in  succes- 
sion ;  names  italicised  are  quoted  as  synonyms  or  without  being 
adopted. 


abditella,  Walk 205. 

acontistes,  Meyr 126. 

acrozyga,  n.sp 88. 

adelopis,  n.sp 17. 


adjunctella,    Walk 65, 

aellophora,  Meyr 127. 

aelurodes,  n.sp 101. 

aethiops,  Feld 4. 


610 


DESCRIPTIONS    OP    AUSTRALIAN    MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA, 


altilis,  n.sp 74. 

amaurodes,  n.sp 80. 

amphiscia,  n.sp 48. 

anaglypta,  n.sp 118. 

anticella,  Walk 201. 

aphrospora,  n.sp 159. 

apochroa,  n.sp 26. 

araeodes,  n.sp 157. 

arcana,  n.sp 175. 

argillacea,  n.sp 69. 

asphyctella,  Meyr 188. 

astrictella,    Walk 140. 

austialasiella,   Don 60. 

automacha,  n.sp 137. 

balanosema,  n.sp 114. 

baliodes,  n.sp 7. 

basiferana,  Walk 31. 

basilissa,  n.sp 194. 

basiplaga,  Walk 202. 

biselliella,  Hiim 116. 

bisepta,  n.sp 72. 

bivittatella,  Walk 140. 

brontoctypa,  Meyr 135. 

caeruleella,  Walk 4. 

callidoxa,  n.sp 160. 

calliphrontis,  n.sp 148. 

campylota,  n.sp 143. 

candescens,  n.sp 173. 

carlotta,  n.sp 28. 

castella,  Walk 53. 

cataphracta,  n.sp 32. 

celsella,  Walk 65. 

chaliuias,  n.sp 198. 

chaotica,  n.sp 86. 

characota,  n.sp 33. 

charitodes,  n.sp 19. 


chionochalca,  n.sp 181. 

chionozyga,  n.sp.    178. 

chloropetala,  n.sp 45. 

chrysaspis,  Meyr 138. 

chrysidiella,  Meyr 192. 

chrysolamprella,  Eos 2. 

chrysopetala,  n.sp 29. 

chrysura,  n.sp 36. 

circumdatella,  Walk 141. 

citrina,  n.sp 164. 

clathrata,  Feld 60. 

clonodes,  n.sp 64. 

colleta,  n.sp 87. 

comochora,  n.sp 38. 

comptella,  Walk 206. 

conjunctella,  Walk 204. 

cossuna,  Lio 60. 

costella,   Walk 140. 

crepuscularis,  n.sp 20. 

crypsidesma,  n.sp 144. 

cymatistis,  n.sp 150. 

cynetica,  n.sp 156. 

daricella,  Meyr 193. 

desmophthora,  n.sp... 46. 

diaphora,  n.sp 82. 

dicharacta,  n.sp 81. 

dictyotis,  n.sp 61. 

diorthota,  n.sp 199. 

discistrigella,  Walk . .  6 . 

elaeorrhoa,  Meyr 133. 

epiraochla,  n.sp 96. 

erebocosma,  n.sp 83. 

ethelella,  Newm 70. 

eucalypti,  Meyr 186. 

euphragma,  n.sp 56. 

eurybaphes,  n.sp 107. 


BY    E.  MEYRICK, 


611 


euryphracta,  n.sp. 
euryptera,  n.sp.... 

eustyla,  Meyr 

FeldfrL  Scott 


..  51. 

..  13. 

..  180. 

..  6. 

ferruginella,  Hb 71. 

fraudulenta,  Ros 105. 

Frauenfeldi,  Scott 9. 

fuscipunctella,  Hw 76. 

gephyraea,  Meyr 197. 

glabrella,  Walk 8. 

glycinopa,  n.sp 123. 

gonometra,  n.sp 174. 

granella,  L 75. 

Guildingi,  Scott 18. 

hamalitha,  n.sp 30. 

haplonota,  n.sp 1 45. 

heliochares,  n.sp 121. 

heliozona,  n.sp 5. 

hemiphara,  n.sp 120. 

hesperias,  n.sp 190. 

heterastis,  n.sp 142. 

heteromorpha,  n.sp 179. 

hypocritica,  n.sp 110. 

inconcisella,  "Walk 62. 

insidiosa,  n.sp 176. 

irrorea,  Feld 18. 

irruptella,  Walk 108. 

isomacra,  n.sp 54. 

isorista,  n.sp 171, 

iuloptera,  Meyr 136. 

lasiocola,  n.sp 14. 

lassella,  Meyr 187. 

lativittella,  Walk 89. 

laurella,  Newm 2. 

leptomitella,  Meyr 189. 

leucochrysa,  n.sp 166. 


linobola,  n.sp 117. 

magnella,  Walk 39. 

magnifica,  n.sp 37. 

maurella,  Walk 11. 

melanarthra,  n.sp 35. 

melanorraa,  n.sp.  124. 

meliorella,  Walk 68. 

meliphanes,  n.sp 113. 

melitocoma,  n.sp 92. 

melitora,  n.sp 40. 

memorella,  n.sp 158. 

mesozona,  n.sp 122. 

microspora,  n.sp 100. 

microsticha,  n.sp 41. 

mimodora,  n.sp 146. 

monophthalina,  n.sp 97. 

monozona,  n.sp 73. 

moretonella,  Walk 59. 

muricata,  n.sp... 93. 

mylitis,  n.sp 55. 

mystacinella,  Walk 128. 

mystarcha,  n.sp 163. 

namuella,  Feld 70. 

nectarea,  n.sp 102. 

nephelodes,  n.sp 25. 

niphadopla,  Meyr 132. 

obliquella,  Walk 147. 

ochetaula,  n.sp 67. 

ochracea,  n.sp 115. 

ochranthes,  n.sp 112. 

ocymorpha,  n.sp 119. 

oecojjhorella,  Walk 208. 

oecophoroides,   Walk 68. 

omoscopa,  n.sp 139. 

ophiosema,  n.sp 149. 

oppositella,  Walk 6. 


;i2 


DESCRIPTIONS   OF   AUSTRALIAN   MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. 


oiestias,  Meyr 

195, 

orichalcias,  n.sp 

2 

orthotlroma,  n.sp 

151, 

orthotricha,  n.sp 

172, 

oxymacha,  n.sp 

130. 

oxytona,  n.sp 

121. 

palaesti'ica,  Bull 

78. 

palleuca,  n.sp 

50, 

palustris,  n.sp 

52, 

pellionella,  L 

77, 

pelochroa,  n.sp.,,. 

27. 

pentulias,  n.sp 

...    ,     57, 

23, 

99, 

phileris,  n.sp 

129. 

94. 

polyxena,  Meyr 

155, 

porphyrota,  n.sp 

84, 

66. 

proterospila,  n.sp 

161. 

15. 

proximella,  Walk,,,. 

203. 

ptochastis,  n.sp 

185, 

punctiferella,  "Walk, 

43. 

purella,  Walk 

109,  170. 

pygmaea,  n,sp 

24, 

pyracma,  n.sp 

168. 

63. 

pyroleuca,  n.sp 

162, 

pyrotricha,  n,sp 

79, 

49, 

rectella,  Walk 

70, 

reticulata,  n.sp 

22, 

rhodacris,  n.sp 

169, 

sabulosella,  Walk. . . . 

4, 

sagittifera,  n.sp 

154. 

saxosa,  n.sp 16. 

schismatica,  n.sp 177, 

sciodesma,  n.sp 47. 

selenophanes,  Meyr 134. 

sigillata,  n.sp 165, 

somnulentella,  Z 182. 

sparsellus,  Walk 1, 

spodina,  n.sp 95. 

stadiaula,  n.sp 152. 

stasiodes,  n.sp 58. 

stellaris,  n.sp 10. 

stiriella,  Meyr 196, 

strigulata,  n,sp 42. 

sulf uratella,  Meyr 191, 

symmacha,  n.sp 131. 

talantias,  n.sp 111. 

tapetiella,  L 78. 

teleochra,  n.sp 103. 

tetracercella,  Meyr 125. 

tetropa,  n.sp 90. 

topazias,  n.sp 3. 

tortricitella,  Walk 207, 

trabeata,  n.sp 153, 

tridectis,  n.sp 85. 

trifasciana.  Walk 34, 


tryphera,  n.sp..., 
tyrannica,  n.sp... 
tyrobathra,  n.sp, 
uranarcha,  n.sp.. 


,...  91. 

,,,,  106, 

.,..  44. 

.,..  167. 

ursinella,  Meyr 183. 

vetula,  n.sp 98, 

vivipara,  Scott 68. 

xenaula,  n.sp 184. 

xenodoxa,  n.sp 200. 

xystidophora,  n.sp 104. 

zonarcha,  n.sp 12. 


613 


PREFERENCE    LIST   OF   THE    LAND    AND    FRESH- 
WATER MOLLUSC  A  OF  NEW  ZEALAND. 


By  C.  Hedley  and  H.  Suter. 


Many  catalogues  of  the  terrestrial  and  fluviatile  MoUuscan 
fauna  of  New  Zealand  have  appeared.  The  earliest,  in  1843, 
was  a  list  of  15  species  included  in  Gray's  New  Zealand  Fauna, 
an  appendix  to  Dieffenbach's  "New  Zealand";  this  was  translated 
into  French  in  Vol.  vii.  of  the  Revue  Zoologique.  In  the  P.Z.S. 
1849,  pp.  164-169,  the  same  author  added  14  more  species.  The 
next  with  which  we  are  acquainted  is  a  list,  collected  from  Pfeiffer's 
Monographs,  of  73  land  shells  in  Dr.  Cox's  "Exchange  List,"  dated 
1868.  This  was  followed  in  1873  by  two  catalogues  published  by 
the  Colonial  Museum,  Wellington;  the  one  containing  descriptions 
of  the  known  land  shells  compiled  by  Mr.  A.  W.  Scott  and  Dr. 
Cox,  the  other  a  most  excellent  critical  and  synonymic  survey  of 
all  the  species  by  Dr.  von  Martens.  This  preliminary  work 
enabled  Prof.  Hutton  to  issue,  in  1880,  the  fuller  account  of  this 
section  contained  in  his  "Manual  of  the  New  Zealand  Mollusca." 
The  latter  author  instituted  in  1883  "A  Revision  of  the  Land 
Mollusca  of  New  Zealand"  (Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  186-212), 

*  The  basis  of  this  paper  was  an  article  entitled — "  Synonymic  and 
Bibliographical  Catalogue  of  the  New  Zealand  Land  and  Freshwater 
Mollusca,"  by  H.  Suter,  communicated  by  myself  to  the  December  Meeting 
of  1892  and  summarised  in  the  monthly  Abstract.  The  exigencies  of  space 
required  that  this  article  should  be  curtailed,  selected  being  substituted  for 
complete  bibliographical  references,  &c.,  &c.  ;  renewed  literary  search  and 
study  also  enabled  me  to  amend  Mr.  Suter's  work  in  various  particulars. 
Finally,  having  thus  re-cast  the  original  memoir  and  altered  the  title  to  suit 
the  circumstances,  my  name  is,  at  Mr.  Suter's  request,  joined  with  his  as 
responsible  for  the  following  contribution. — C.  Hedley,  Feb.  20,  1893. 


614       LAND    AND    FRESH-WATER    MOLLUSCA    OF    NEW    ZEALAND, 

which  has  since  remained  the  standard  summary  of  this  fauna. 
A  catalogue  based  on  Hutton's  appearedin  the  Malakozoologische 
Blatter  (2),  x.  pp.  175-183.  Dr.  Kobelt  incidentally  enumerated 
the  members  of  this  fauna  as  known  to  him  in  1880  in  the  Jahr- 
btich'er  der  Deutschen  Malakozoologischen  Gesellschaft,  Vol.  vii. 
pp.  26-28.  Anotlier  brief  list  occurs  on  pp.  256-257  of  Fischer's 
Manuel  de  Conchyliologie. 

Great  gains  to  our  knowledge  of  the  distribution,  anatomy, 
habits  and  affinities  of  the  snails  of  New  Zealand  have  been 
effected  by  industrious-  students  and  collectors  during  the  past 
decade.  It  is  here  proposed  to  digest  and  collate  these  additions 
with  the  sum  of  previous  records,  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  inclusion 
of  every  noteworthy  reference  and  the  revised  arrangement  of  the 
species  may  facilitate  the  study  of  the  subject. 

The  first  reference  quoted  is  always  that  of  the  original  descrip- 
tion. Where  the  reference  paragraph  does  not  terminate  in  "ikc," 
the  quotations  are  considered  to  be  exhaustive.  More  usually 
space  has  been  saved  by  leaving  out  the  least  useful  references, 
such  as  are  mere  reprints  or  translations  of  earlier  definitions. 
Thus  Gray's  paper  in  the  P.Z.S.  1849  was  copied  into  the  Ann. 
Mag.  N.H.  (2),  vii.  ;  Gould's  descriptions  in  the  Proceedings  of 
the  Natural  History  Society  of  Boston  were  simply  reprinted  in 
his  "Expedition  Shells"  and  "  Otia  Conchologica  "  ;  and  Pfeifler's 
descriptions  in  the  P.Z.S.  and  the  Mai.  Bliit.  are  merely  trans- 
ferred to  the  respective  volumes  of  the  Monographia  Heliceorum 
and  Pneumonopomorum  Viventium.  In  these  minor  details  the 
present  list  may  be  sup{)lemented  by  consulting  von  Martens' 
Catalogue  and  Hutton's  Manual.  Where  the  original  locality  is 
known  with  any  exactness,  the  collector's  name  follows  in  brackets. 
The  dates  following  the  species  are  those  of  publication,  not,  as 
far  as  we  can  ascertain,  those  on  which  papers  were  read  nor  those 
of  the  year  for  which  the  periodicals  contain  the  annual  work. 
We  expect  that  Pfeiffer's  and  Gray's  papers  in  the  P.Z.S.  during 
the  late  forties  and  early  fifties  were  not  published  until  the  year 
following  that  quoted  for  each.     As,  however,  it  is  impossible  for 


BV  C.  HEDLEY  AND  H.  SUTER.  615 

US  to  ascertain  this,  we  have  not  felt  justified  in  departing  from 
the  usages  of  our  predecessors.  Only  in  the  case  of  evident  and 
accidental  mis-spelling,  as  antipodanum  for  antipodarum,  or 
tennissoni  for  tenisoni,  have  we  amended  the  etymology  of  the 
original  describers.  Different  authors  have  rung  numerous 
changes  upon  the  Latin  adjective  for  New  Zealand,  thus  Charopa 
(Tesseraria)  novoseelandica,  Pfr.,  has  been  spoken  of  by  Hutton 
as  Pupa  neozelanica,  by  Kiister  as  Pu2)a  novozeelandica,  and  by 
Sowerby  as  Pupa  novazelandica.  Dr.  von  Martens  has  suggested 
that  these  and  other  variations  be  reduced  to  one  common  form  ; 
he  does  not  himself  act  on  the  idea,  and  we  likewise  have  chosen 
the  straight  and  narrow  road  of  exact  quotation.  The  genera  and 
subgenera  to  which  authors  have  referred  the  .same  species  are 
very  various,  thus  Flanitmdina  crebriflammis,  Pfr.,  has  been 
recorded  by  PfeifFer  as  Helix  crebriflammis,  by  Gray  as  Nanina 
crebrijiammis,  by  Tryon  as  Elcea  crehrijlammis,  by  Adams  as 
Amphidoxa  crehrijlammis,  and  by  Hutton  as  Paryphanta  crehri- 
fiammis ;  we  have  not  burdened  our  pages  with  the  reiteration 
of  these  generic  titles,  but  have  given  separately  what  specific 
names  have  fallen  into  synonymy. 

We  have  confined  ourselves  to  the  political  limits  of  the 
province,  including  the  Kermadec,  and  omitting  Lord  Howe  and 
Norfolk  Islands. 

As  the  New  Zealand  fauna  becomes  better  known,  its  insularity 
stands  out  more  prominently.  One  by  one  have  been  eliminated  from 
our  list  the  foreign  genera  Testacella,  Daudebardia,  Diplomphalus, 
Vitrina,  Nanina,  Patula,  Hyaliyia,  Zonites,  Succinea,  Pupa,  Helix, 
Bulimus,  Rhabdotus,  Limax,Arion,Leptopoma,  Cydopliorus,  Physa, 
and  JVeritina,  falsely  imposed  on  our  fauna  by  the  negligence  of 
collectors  or  the  mistakes  of  authors.  Although  the  islands  have 
now  been  well  searched,  genera  which  might  have  been  expected 
to  occur,  since  prevalent  in  neighbouring  countries,  as  Nanina, 
Partida,  Succinea,  Stenogyra,  Pupa,  Vagimda,  Truncatella, 
Helicina,  and  Navicella,  have  not  yet  been  detected,  while 
42 


616       LAND    AND    FRESH-WATER    MOLLUSCA   OF   NEW   ZEALAND, 

Diplomviatina  holds  its  place  upon  slender  evidence.  Moreover, 
the  WHOLE  of  the  species  (excluding  one  or  two  imperfectly  under- 
stood fluviatile  forms)  are  now  known  to  be  strictly  endemic 
The  supposed  community  with  Northern  Australia  was  based 
(Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  188)  on  the  fictitious  existence  in  New 
Zealand  of  Paryphanta  millegani,  Pfr,,  Hadra  reinga,  Gray, 
Cristigihha  taranaki,  Gray,  and  Rhytida  rapida,  PfeifFer,  and  on 
the  equally  fictitious  presence  in  Australia  of  C.  kivi,  Gray,  T. 
Ophelia,  Pfr.,  C.  ziczac,  Gould,  and  0.  coma,  Gray ;  while  the  pre- 
sumption that  Amphidoxa  extended  from  Juan  Fernandez  to  New 
Zealand  countenanced  the  theory  of  relations  with  South  America 
{vide  Manual  of  Conchology  (2),  viii.  p.  73). 

A  remark  by  Crosse  has  hardly  received  the  attention  which  it 
merits.  He  says  (Journ.  de  Conch,  xxviii.  p.  .37),  "  It  is  interest- 
ing to  notice  that  the  terrestrial  and  fluviatile  molluscan  fauna  of 
New  Zealand  approximates  more  to  that  of  New  Caledonia,  in 
spite  of  the  considerable  distance  that  separates  the  two  countries, 
than  to  that  of  Australia.  In  both  archipelagoes  the  group  of 
Placostylus  is  well  developed  and  contrasts  remarkably  with  the 
minute  and  fragile  Helices,  most  of  which  are  small  and  thin. 
The  genus  Melanopsis  is  common  to  both,  as  well  as  the  genus 
Diplommatina." 

Those  desirous  of  comparing  the  fauna  of  New  Zealand  with 
those  of  the  surrounding  countries  may  consult  the  following 
catalogues.  A  list  was  published  of  the  land  shells  of  Norfolk 
Island  by  Mousson,  Journ.  de  Conch,  xxi.  pp.  110-115  ;  another 
of  the  land  and  freshwater  shells  of  Lord  Howe  by  one  of  us, 
Records  of  the  Australian  Museum,  i.  pp.  134-144  ;  of  the  land 
and  freshwater  mollusca  of  New  Caledonia  by  Gassies,  Faune 
Conchyliologique  de  la  Nouvelle  Caledonie,  pt.  iii.  pp.  98-107. 
Correct  lists  of  the  mollusca  of  the  New  Hebrides,  the  Solomons, 
the  Admiralties,  New  Ireland  and  New  Britain  are  still  desiderata; 


BY    C.    HEDLEY    AND    H.    SUTBR.  617 

perhaps  the  best  are  those  sketched  of  the  first  by  Fischer, 
Man.  de  Conch,  p.  251,  of  the  latter  by  Kobelt,  Nachr. 
deut.  Malak.  Gesell.  xix.  pp.  6-11.  Garrett  has  published  a 
list  of  the  landshells  of  Fiji,  P.Z.S.  1887,  pp.  164-189,  284- 
316  ;  of  those  of  Samoa,  Proc.  Acad.  N.  S.  Philad.  1887, 
pp.  124-153;  of  those  of  the  Society  Islands,  Journ.  Ac,  N. 
S.  Philad.  (2)  ix.  pp.  1-98  ;  of  those  of  the  Austral  Islands, 
Proc.  Acad.  N.  S.  Ph'ilad.  1879,  pp.  17-30 ;  of  those  of  the 
Hervey  Islands,  Journ,  Ac.  N.  S.  Philad  (2)  viii.  pp.  381- 
411  ;  and  of  those  of  the  Marquesas  Islands,  Bull.  Soc.  Mai, 
France,  iv.  pp.  1-48.  To  Mousson  we  owe  a  catalogue  of  the 
land  and  freshwater  shells  of  Tonga,  Journ.  de  Conch,  xix.  pp, 
7-33.  A  list  of  the  terrestrial  and  fluviatile  mollusca  of  Papua  is 
given  by  Tapparone-Canef  ri  in  the  Annali  Mus.  Civ.  Genova,  xxiv. 
pp.  195-199  ;  and  a  more  recent  one  of  the  land  shells  of  British 
New  Guinea  (including  the  Louisiades)  by  one  of  us,  P.L.S. 
N.S.W.  (2),  vi.  pp.  70-115.  The  fluviatile  shells  of  Australia 
have  been  catalogued  by  Tate  and  Brazier,  P.L.S.  N,S,W,  (1),  vi, 
pp.  554-569  ;  and  by  Smith,  Linn.  Soc.  Journ,  Zool.  xvi,  pp, 
255-316.  Of  the  Australian  terrestrial  shells  no  later  catalogue 
is  extant  than  Cox's  Monograph  of  Australian  Land  Shells,  but 
some  of  the  separate  colonies  have  been  catalogued  more  recently. 
We  know  of  no  lists  dealing  with  the  mollusca  of  N.S.W.  or  of 
W,A,  ;  the  land  mollusca  of  Queensland  were  enumerated  by  one 
of  us,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Queensland,  v.  pp.  47-70;  the  land  and 
freshwater  mollusca  of  Tropical  South  Australia  by  Tate,  Trans. 
Roy.  Soc,  S.A.  v.  pp.  49-56 ;  the  land  and  freshwater  shells  of 
Victoria  by  the  same  conchologist,  Trans.  Roy.  Soc,  S,A.  iv,  pp. 
75,  76  ;  the  land  shells  of  South  Australia  by  Angas,  Journ.  of 
Conch,  i.  pp.  134,  135  ;  and  the  land  and  freshwater  shells  of 
Tasmania  by  Johnston,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Tasmania,  1890,  pp 
142-145. 


18       LAND   AND   FRESH- WATER    MOLLUSCA   OF   NEW   ZEALAND, 

Class  GASTEROPODA. 

Subclass  ANISOPLEURA. 

Order  STREPTONEURA. 

Suborder  HOLOCHLAMYDA. 

Family  M  E  L  A  N  i  I  D  ^. 

Melanopsis,  Ferussac,  pat.  1807. 
J.  J.  Ferussac,  Essai  d'une  methode  conchyliologique,  p.  70. 

1  M.  trifasciata.  Gray,  1843. 

S  y  n  o  n  y  m. — zelandica,  Gould,  1848,  and  ovata,  Dunker,  1862. 

Reference  s. — DiefFenbach's  N.Z.  ii.  p.  263  ;  Proc.  Boston 
N.H.  Soc.  ii.  p.  225  ;  U.S.  Expl.  Exped.  xii.  p.  130,  f.  146,  a,  b; 
Mai.  Blatt.  viii,  p.  150  }  Conch.  Icon.  xii.  Melanopsis,  pi.  I.  f.  2a, 
2b  ;  Voy.  Erebus  and  Terror,  ii.  Moll.  pi.  L  f.  18  ;  Man.  N.Z. 
Moll.  p.  78  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xv.  p.  123,  pi.  xiv.  f.  f  (radula) ; 
Conch.  Cab.  (2)  i.  pt.  24,  p.  464,  pi.  xlix.  fF.  20,  22,  &c. 

Habitat  s. — North  Island  ;  Waitanga  Falls  (Dieffenbach), 
Auckland,  Kaneranga,  River  Thames,  Whangarei.  South  Island  ; 
Greymouth,  Dunedin,  Kenepuru  Sound. 

2  M.  STRANGEi,  Reeve,  1860. 

R  e  f. — Conch.  Icon.  xii.  Melanopsis,  pi.  i.  f .  3a,  3b  ;  Voy. 
Erebus  and  Terror,  ii.  Moll.  pi.  L  f.  22 ;  Conch.  Cab.  (2)  i.  pt.  24, 
p.  465,  pi.  XLIX.  fF.  23,  24 ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  78. 

H  a  b. — North  Island. 

Not  e. — Scarcely  entitled  to  specific  rank.  Vide  Brot,  Mate- 
riaux  pour  servir  a  I'etude  de  la  famille  des  Melaniens,  pt.  ii.  p.  56. 


BY    C.    HEDLEY    AND    H.    SUTER.  619 

Fam.   Hydrobiid^. 

POTAMOPYRGUS,  StimpSOll,  1865. 

Stimpson,  Am.  Journ.  Conch,  i.  p.  53. 

3  P.  CUMINGIANA,  Fischer,  sp.  1860. 

Syn. — salleana,  Fischer,  1860;  crossei,  Frauenfeld,  1864. 

Ref.— Journ.  de  Conch,  viii.  p.  208,  pi.  iv.  ff.  6,  7  ;  Mai.  Blat. 
viii.  p.  151  ;  Conch.  Icon.  xii.  Melania,  pi.  xlix.  f.  366  ;  Abhandl. 
Zool.  Bot.  Gesellsch.  Wien,  xiv.  p.  595  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  83 ; 
Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xiv.  p.  144,  pi.  i.  ff.  A,  I,  2  (shell),  f.  E  (radula). 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Lake  Takapuna,  Auckland,  Thames, 
Forty  Mile  Bush,  Waipua  River,  Ruaraahanga  River,  Whangarei, 
Hillyers  Creek,  Onehunga  Springs,  Kowau  Island,  Hunua  Range, 
Waikato,  and  Lake  Pupake.     South  Island  ;  Lake  Te  Anau. 

4  P.  COROLLA,  Gould,  sp.  1848. 

Syn. — baclia,  Gould,  1851  ;  fischeri,  Dunker,  1862,  and  reevei, 
Frauenfeld,  1862. 

Ref.— Proc.  Boston  Soc.  N.H.  ii.  p.  223;  U.S.  Expl.  Exped. 
xii.  pp.  126,  129,  ff.  149,  a,  b,  150,  a,  b  ;  Mai.  Blat.  viii.  p.  152  ; 
Saiithsonian  Miscell.  Coll.  vii.  p.  49  (radula)  ;  Abhandl.  Zool. 
Bot.  Gesellsch.  Wien,  xiii.  p.  1024,  xv.  p.  526,  pi.  viil.  ; 
P.L.S.KS.W.  (1)  iii.  p.  136,  pi.  xiiL  ff.  2,  3,  5;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll, 
pp.  82,  83;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xiv.  p.  145,  ff.  B,  1,  2,  (shell),  f.  F 
(radula) ;  Am.  Journ.  Conch,  i.  p.  54  (i-adula),  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  and  South  Islands,  Banks  Peninsula  (Pickering). 

5  P.  Antipodardm,  Gray  (emend.),*  sp.  1843. 

Syn. — zelandicB,  Gray,  1843;  egena,  Gould,  1851;  gracilis, 
Gould,  1852 ;  and  spelaea,  Frauenfeld,  1862. 

Ref.— Dieffenbach's  N.Z.  ii.  p.  241  ;  Proc.  Boston  N.H.  Soc.  iii. 
p.  75;  U.S.  Expl.  Exped.  xii.  p.  127,  f.  151,  a,  b;  Abhandl.  Zool. 

*  Originally  misspelt  antipodanum,  but  corrected  as  above.  Revue 
Zoologique,  vii.  p.  356. 


620       LAND    AND    PEESH-WATER    MOLLUSCA    OF    NEW    ZEALAND, 

Bot.  Gesellsch.  Wien,  xiii.  p.  1022,  xv.  p.  526,  pi.  viii. ;    Voy. 
Erebus  and  Terror,  ii.  Moll.  p.  3,  pi.  i.  f.  19  (two  figures);  Man. 
N.Z.  Moll.  p.  81  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xiv.  p.  145,  pi.  i.  S.  c,  i  (3 
figs,  shell),  2  (operculum),  G  (radula),  &c. 
Hab. — North  and  South  Islands. 

6.  P.  PUPOiDES,  Hutton,  1882. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xiv.  p.  146,  pi.  i.  f.  d  (shell),  f.  h 
(radula). 

Hab. — North  and  South  Islands,  brackish  water  only.  Avon 
(Hutton). 

Suborder  PNEUMONOCHLAMYDA. 

Fam.   Cyclophorid.e. 

DiPLOMMATiNA,*  Benson,  1849. 
Benson,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (2),  iv.  p.  193. 

7  D.  CHORD  ATA,  PfeiflTer,  1855. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1855,  p.  105;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  38;  Trans. 
N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  210,  &e, 

Hab. — New  Zealand  (Strange  fide  Cuming). 

Subgenus  Paxillus,  H.  &  A.  Adams,  1851, 
H,  &,  A.  Adams,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (2)  vii.  p.  63. 

8  D.  PEREGRiNA,  Gould,  sp.  1848. 

Ref.— Proc.  Boston  Soc.  N.H.  ii.  p.  198;  U.S.  Expl.  Exped. 
xii.  p.  91,  f.  105,  a,  b  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  38 ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst, 
xvi.  p.  210,  &c. 

Hab.— New  Zealand  (U.S.  Expl.  Exped.). 

Note. — Like  the  foregoing  this  species  has  not  been  found 
again. 

*  The  existence  in  N.Z.  of  this  genus  requires  confirmation. 


BY    C.    HEDLEY    AND    H.    SUTER.  621 

Lagocheilus,*  Theobald,  MS.  1864. 
Blanford,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (3)  xiii.  p.  452. 

9  L.  LiGXARiuM,  Pfeiffer,  sp.  1857. 

Ref. — P.Z.S.  1857,  p.  112;  Conch.  Icon.  xiii.  Cyclophoms, 
pi.  xrx.  f.  94  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  37  ;  Ti-ans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi. 
p.  210,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Wellington,  and  Forty  Mile  Bush. 
South  Ivsland ;  Wairoa  Gorge,  Nelson. 

10  L.  CYTORA,  Gray,  sp.  1849. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1849,  p.  167;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  37  ;  Trans. 
N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  210,  &c. 

Hab. — North  Island;  Auckland  (Greenwood),  Howick,  Ohaupo, 
Pirongia  Mt.,  and  Hunua  Range. 

11  L.  HEDLEYi,  Suter,  n.sp. 

Note. — This  species  will  be  described  and  figured  in  the  next 
volume  of  these  Proceedings. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland  (Musson),  Hunua  Range. 

12  L.  PANNOSUM,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xv.  p.  140;  xvi.  pp.  173,  174,  209, 
pi.  X.  f.  u  (operculum  and  radula). 

Hab. — South  Island  ;  Greymouth  (Helms), 

13  L.  CALVUM,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xv.  p.  140;  xvi.  pp.  174,  209. 
Hab. — South  Island;  Greymouth  (Helms). 

14  L.  PALLIDUM,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

Ref.— N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  477;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst,  xvi, 
pp.  184,  210. 

Hab. — North  Island;  Auckland  (Cheeseman),  Pirongia  Mt. 

*  The  N.Z.  species  are  included  in  this  genus  in  accordance  with  Dr.  von 
Molleadorfif's  systematic  study,  ante  p.  3S5. 


622       LAND    AND    FRESH-WATER    MOLLUSCA    OP    NEW    ZEALAND, 

15  L.  TORQUILLUM,  Suter,  n.sp. 

This  species  will  be  figured  and  described  in  the  next  volume  of 
these  Proceedings. 

Hab. — North  Island;  Howick  and  Hunua  Range  (Broun). 

Fam.    CYCLOSTOMATIDiE. 

Omphalotropis,  PfeifFei',  1852. 
PfeifFer,  P.Z.S.  1852,  p.  151. 

16  O.  VESTiTA,  Pfeifier,  1855. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1855,  p.  106;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  40;  Trans. 
N.Z.  Inst.  XV.  p.  211,  &c. 

Hab. — New  Zealand  (Ex  Cuming  Coll.) 

Realia,  Gray,  1840. 

Gray,  Syn.  Brit.  Mus.  1840,  p.  91  [  =  Liao-ea,  Gray,  1852,  Cat. 
Phan.  p.  2 17 J. 

17  R.  egea,  Gray,  1849. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1849,  p.  167  ;  Conch.  Cab.  (2)  i.  pt.  19,  p.  303, 
pi.  XL.  ff.  17,  18;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  39;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst, 
xvi.  p.  211,  xxiv.  p.  301,  pi.  xxiii.  f.  57  (radula),  &c. 

Hab. —  North  Island;  Auckland  (Greenwood),  Wanganui, 
Forty  Mile  Bush  and  Hunua  Range. 

var.  ALBiNA,  Suter,  1892. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxiv.  p.  275. 
H  a  b.— North  Island  ;  Forty  Mile  Bush. 

18  R.  TURRICULATA,  Pfeiffer,  1854. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1854,  p.  304;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  39;  Trans. 
N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  174,  211,  pi.  xi.  f.  h  (radula),  &c. 

H  a  b.  — North  Island  ;  Kakepuku  ( Hochstetter),  Papakura  and 
Whangarei. 


BY    C.    HEDLEY    AND    H.    SUTER.  623 

19  R.  CARINELLA,  Pfeiffer,  1862. 

Ref— Mai.  Blat.  viii.  p.  150  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  39;  Trans. 
N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  211,  &c. 

Hab. — North  Island;  Drury,  Taupiri  (Hochstetter),  Auckland, 
Ohaupo  and  Hunua  Range. 

20  R.  HOCHSTETTERi,  Pfeiffer,  1862. 

Ref.— Mai.  Blat.  viii.  p.  149  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  39  ;  Trans. 
N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  174,  211,  &c. 

Hab. — North  Island;  Bay  of  Islands  (Hochstetter),  Auck- 
land and  Whangarei. 

Fam.  Hydrocenid^. 

Hydrocena,  Parreyss,  MS.  1843. 
Herrmannsen,  Ind.  Gen.  Malac.  i.  p.  546. 

21  H.  PURCHASi,  Pfeiffer,  1861. 

Ref.— Mai.  Blat.  viii.  p.  150  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  40;  Trans. 
N.Z.  Inst.  xxiv.  p.  301,  pi.  XXIII.  f.  58  (radula),  f.  H.  P.  (oper- 
culum), &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Bay  of  Islands  (Purchas),  Whangarei, 
Auckland,  Ohaupo,  Forty  Mile  Bush,  Hunua  Range  and  Pirongia 
Mt.  South  Island  ;  Greyraouth,  Wairoa  Gorge  and  Riccarton 
Bush. 

Order  EUTHYNEURA. 

Suborder   PULMONATA. 

Group  BASOMMATOPHORA. 

Fam.  L  A  T  1 1  D  iE  .  * 

Latia,  Gray,  1849. 

[  =  Pelex,  Gould,  1852,  Am.  Expl.  Exped.  xii.  p.  153.] 
Gray,  P.Z.S.  149,  p.  168. 

*  Proposed  by  Hutton,  1882,  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xiv.  p.  156. 


624      LAND    AND    FRESH-WATER   MOLLUSCA    OF    NEW    ZEALAND, 

22  L.  NERlTOiDES,  Gray,  1849. 

Rei— P.Z.S.  1849,  p.  168  ;  Zeits.  f.  Malak.  1852,  p.  182,  pi.  i. 
ff.  17,  18  ;  Jouni.  de  Conch,  ii.  p.  205,  pi.  vl  ff.  16,  17;  Conch. 
Icon.  ix.  Navicella,  pi.  vin.  fF.  34,  a,  b;  Conch.  Cab.  (2),  i.  pt.  4, 
p.  9,  pi.  n.  ff.  10-14;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  29  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst. 
xiv.  p.  156,  pi.  IV.  f.  u  (animal),  ff.  e.  p.  (radula),  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland  (Greenwood)  and  Whangarei. 

23  L.  lateralis,  Gould,  sp.  1852. 

Syn. — petiticma,  Fischer,  1856;  gassiesiana,  Fischer,  1856. 

Ref.— U.S.  Expl.  Exped.  xii.  p.  153,  f.  176,  a,  b,  c,  d ;  Conch. 
Icon.  ix.  Navicella,  pi.  viii.  ff'.  35,  a,  b  ;  Journ.  de  Conch,  v.  pp. 
84,  167,  pi.  III.  ff.  10,  11,  pi.  VII.  S.  1,  2  ;  Conch.  Cab.  (2),  i.  pt. 
6,  p.  9,  pi.  V.  f.  6 ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  29,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Wangara  and  Waitangi  (Am.  Expl. 
Exped.),  Kaiwarra  River,  near  Wellington,  Hillyers  Creek,  near 
Auckland,  and  Horokiwi. 

Fam.    L  I  M  N  /B  I  D  ^. 

Ancylus,  Geoffroy,  1767. 
Geoffroy,  Coquilles  fluv.  terr.  environs  Paris,  p.  122. 

24  A.  TASMANicus,  Tenison-Woods,  1876. 

Syn. — ?  ivoodsi,  Johnston,  1879;  ?  austr  aliens,  Tate,  1880; 
?  assimilis,  Petterd,  1884  ;  ?  ohlonga,  Petterd,  MS.  ;  ?  smithi,  Cox, 
1890. 

Ref.— P.R.S.  Tasmania,  1875,  p.  70,  1878,  p.  25,  1888,  pi.  v. 
ff.  1,  3,  4,  5,  7  ;  Trans.  R.S.S.  Australia,  iii.  p.  102,  pi.  iv.  ff.  4, 
4a,  4b;  Journ.  of  Conch,  iv.  pp.  159,  160;  Journ.  Linn.  Soc. 
Zool.  xvi.  p.  297,  pi.  vn.  ff.  36,  37  ;  P.L.S.N.S.W.  (2)  iv.  p.  658, 
pi.  XIX.  ff.  1-3  ;  Journ.  de  Conch,  xxxii.  p.  248. 

H  a  b. — South  Island  ;  River  Avon  (Suter). 

N  ote. — Specimens  of  an  Ancylus  were  discovered  in  N.Z.  by 
one  of  us,  who  compared  it  with  Australian  and  Tasmanian 
Ancyli  without  distinguishing  specific  differences.     With  this  shell 


BY    C.    HEDLEY    AND    H.    SUTER.  625 

should  be  compared  A.  reticulatus,  Gassies,  and  A.  noicmeensis, 
Crosse,  from  New  Caledonia. 

25  A.  DOHRNIANUS,  Clessin,  1882. 

R  e  f.— Conch.  Cab.  (2),  Bd,  i.  Abth.  vi.  p.  54,  pi.  viii.  f.  8  (two 
figures). 

H  a  b. — New  Zealand. 

Not  e. — Unknown  to  New  Zealand  naturalists. 

LlMN^A,  Lamarck,  1792. 
Lamarck,  Prodrome  d'une  nouvelle  classitication  des  Coquilles. 

26  L.  LEPTOSOMA,  Hutton,  1885. 

R  e  f.— Traus.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvii.  p.  55,  pi.  xii.  f.  3. 
H  a  b. — North  Island  :  Wellington  (Hutton). 

27  L.  TOMENTOSA,  Pfeiffer,  sp.  1854. 

R  e  f . — P.Z.S.  1854,  p.  297;  Conch.  Icon,  xviii.  Succinea,  pi. 
XII.  f.  81,  a,  b;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  13  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvii.  p. 
55,  pi.  XII.  f,  9.  (radula). 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland  (Ex  Cuming  Coll.),  confirmed 
by  Gillies. 

28  L.  TENELLA,  Hutton,  1885.[| 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvii.  pp.  55,  56,  pi.  xii.  f.  4  (shell), 
f.  11  (radula). 

H  a  b. — South  Island ;  River  Heathcote,  near  Christchurch 
(Hutton). 

29  L.  PUSiLLA,  Hutton,  1885  (emend.).* 

R  e  f.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxii.  p.  56,  pi.  xii.  f.  5  (shell). 
H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland. 

*  Printed  originally  as  "pucilla." 


626       LAND    AND   FRESH-WATER   MOLLUSCA   OF    NEW   ZEALAND, 

30  L.  ALFREDi,  Suter,  1890. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxii.  p.  229,  pi.  xv.  ff.  17,  a  (shell); 
xxiv.  p.  300,  pi.  XXIII.  f.  55  (jaw),  f.  56  (radula). 

H  a  b.  —South  Island  ;  Hooker  Valley  (Suter),  Ashburton, 
and  Lake  at  Arthur's  Pass. 

Amphipeplea,  Nilsson,  1822. 
Nilsson,  Hist.  Moll.  Suec.  p,  58. 

31  A.  arguta,  Hutton,  1885. 

Ref. — Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvii.  p.  54,  pi.  xii.  f.  1  (two  figures, 
shell  and  animal),  f.  10  (radula). 

H  a  b. — North  Island;  Auckland,  Waikato,  and  Thames.  South 
Island;  Avon  (Hutton). 

32  A.  AMPULLA,  Hutton,  1885. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvii.  p.  55,  pi.  xii.  f.  2  (shell),  f.  8 
(radula). 

H  a  b. — North  Island;  Auckland, and  Masterton.  South  Island; 
Arthur's  Pass  (Brown),  Lake  Lyndon  and  Christchurch. 

var.  GLOBOSA,  Suter,  1891. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst,  xxiii.  p.  93,  pi.  xviii.  f.  12,  a-c  (shell 
and  animal). 

H  a  b. — South  Island  ;  Tasman  Valley  (Suter)  and  Ashbui'ton. 

Planorbis,  Guettard,  1756. 
Guettard,  Mem.  Acad.  Sciences  de  Paris,  p.  51. 

33  P.  corinna,  Gray,  1849. 

R  e  f.— P.Z.S.  1849,  p.  167  ;  Conch.  Icon.  xx.  Planorbis,  pi.  xiv. 
f.  122,  a,  b;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll,  p,  32;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvii. 
p.  57,  pi.  XII.  f.  6. 


BY  C.  HEDLEY  AND  H.  SUTER.  627 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland  (Greenwood).  South  Island  ; 
Lake  Wakatipu  and  Christchurch. 

BuLiNUS,  Adanson,  1757. 
Adanson,  Hist.  jSTat.  des  Coq.  du  Senegal,  p.  5. 

34  B.  ANTiPODEUS,  Sowerby,  sp.  1873. 

Ref.— Conch.  Icon.  xix.  Physa,  pi.  v.  f.  37  ;  Man.  KZ.  Moll, 
p.  30;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvii.  p.  56. 

H  a  b. — North  and  South  Islands,  in  lakes. 

35  B.  VARIABILIS,  Gray,  sp.  1843. 

Syn. — guyonensis,  Tenison  -  Woods,  1879;  novcezelandice, 
Sowerby,  1873. 

R  e  f. — Dieffenbach's  New  Zealand,  ii.  p.  248  ;  Conch.  Icon, 
xix.  Physa,  pi.  IV.  29a,  b;  P.L.S.N.S.W.  (1),  iii.  p.  138,  pi.  xiii. 
f.  4  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  31  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xiv.  pp.  155,  156, 
pi.  IV.  f.  T  (jaw),  if.  c,  Q  (radula,  as  of  gihbosus),  xvii.  p.  56,  pi. 
XII.  f.  7,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  and  South  Islands,  in  rivers  and  ponds. 

36  B.  TABULATUS,  Gould,  sp.  1848. 

Syn. — moesta,  H.  Adams,  1861  ;  lirata,  Tenison-Woods,  1879, 
Ref.— Proc.  Boston Soc. N.H.  ii.p. 214;  U.S.  Expl.Exped.  xii.  p. 

116,  f.  136,  a,b,;  P.Z.S.  1861, p.  144;  1889,  pp.  139, 140,f.4  (radula); 

Conch. Icon. xix.  Physa,  pi.  iii.  ff.  17,a,  b,pl.iv.  f.  32;  P.L.S.N.S.W. 

(1),  iii.  p.  138,  pi.  XIII.  f.  6  ;  Conch.  Cab.  (2),  i.  pt.  17,  pp.  294,  299, 

pi.  XLii.  f.  4,  pi.  xLiii.  f.  4;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  pp.  30,  31 ;  Trans. 

N.Z.  Inst.  xiv.   p.   156,    pi.    iv.  f.  d    (radula   as  of   variabilis), 

xvii.  p.  57,  pi.  XII.  f.  12  (radula),  &c. 

Hab. — North  and  South  Islands.     A  mountain  stream,  Bay 

of  Islands  (Drayton). 

Not  e. — With  more  exactness,  moesta  might  be  counted  as  a 

variety  rather  than  as  an  absolute  synonym  of  this  species. 


bZO       LAND    AND    FRESH-WATER    MOLLUSCA    OP    NEW    ZEALAND, 

37  B.  NOVAESEELANDiiE,  Clessin,  sp.  1886. 

Sy  n. — Not  (?)  Physa  novaezelandice,  Sowerby,  1873. 

Ref.— Conch.  Cab.  (2),  i.  pt.  17,  p.  372,  pi.  liv.  f.  7. 

Hab. — New  Zealand  (Morelet). 

Note. — Clessin's  negligence  in  choosing  a  preoccupied  name 
would  argue  equal  carelessness  in  ascertaining  the  distinctness  or 
the  home  of  this  species. 

38  B.  TENisoNi,  Clessin,  sp.  (emend.),*  1886. 

Ref.— Conch.  Cab.  (2),  i.  pt.  17,  p.  371,  pi.  lil  f.  11. 
H  a  b. — New  Zealand  (Morelet). 

39  B.  coROMANDELicus,  Dunker,  sp.  1862. 
Ref.— Mai.  Blat.  ix.  p.  150. 

Hab. — Coi'omandel  Coast  (Hochstetter). 

40  B.  HOCHSTETTERi,  Dunker,  sp.  1862. 
Ref.— Mai.  Blat.  ix.  p.  150. 

H  a  b. — Sandspit,  Massacre  Bay,  Nelson  (Hochstetter). 

I^  o  t  e. — These  two  last  species  appear  to  have  been  overlooked 
by  recent  authors.  They  are  omitted  from  both  von  Martens'  and 
Hutton's  Catalogues  of  the  N.Z.  Mollusca,  and  neither  Sowerby 
nor  Clessin  include  them  in  their  respective  monographs  of  Physa. 
It  is,  however,  a  deed  of  doubtful  merit  to  rescue  from  obscurity 
the  Bulini  of  European  authors. 

Group   STYLOMMATOPHORA. 

Family  TESTACELLiDiE. 

ScHizoGLOssA,  Hedley,  1893. 

Hedley,  ante,  p.  391. 

41  S.  NOVOSEELANDicA,  Pfeiffer,  sp.  1862. 

Ref.— Mai.  Blat.  viii.  p.  146;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll,  p.  12  ;  Trans. 
N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  208 ;  P.L.S.N.S.W.  (2),  vii.  pp.  387-391,  pi.  ix. 

*  Clessin  wrote  tennissoni,  but  as  he  evidently  alluded  to  the  late  Rev.  J. 
Tenison-Woods,  the  above  correction  is  made. 


BY    C.    HEDLEY    AND    H.    SUTER.  629 

ff.  1,  2  (animal),  f.  3  (shell),  f.  4  and  pi.  x.  f.  9  (genitalia),  f.  10 
(radula),  &c. 

H  a  b. — ^North  Island  ;  Kakepuku  (Hochstetter),  Waikato, 
Wainuiomata  and  Stratford. 

Paryphaxta,  Albers,  1850. 
Albers,  die  Heliceen  (1st  Ed.),  p.  129. 

42  P.  BUSBYi,-  Gray,  sp.  1840. 

R  e  f.— Ann.  Mag.  N.H.  (1)  vi.  p.  317  ;  Hist.  Nat.  Moll.  pi.  cii. 
ft:  19,  20;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  Lxxiii.  f.  380;  Voy.  Erebus  and 
Terror,  Moll.  pi.  i.  f.  4  (two  figures);  U.S.  Expl.  Exped.  xii.  p.  215  ; 
Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  21  ;  P.L.S  N.S.W.  (2),  ii.  pi.  xx.  f.  6  (animal)  ; 
Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xiv.  p.  153,  pi.  iv.  ff.  A,  L  (radula) ;  Man.  Conch. 
(2),  i.  p.  127,  pi.  xxvi.  fF.  23,  24,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Hokianga,  Bay  of  Islands,  Whangarei 
and  Little  Barrier  Island. 

43  P.  HOCHSTETTERi,  Pfeiff"er,  sp.  1862. 

R  e  f . — Mai.  Blat.  viii.  p.  146;  Hochstetter's  New  Zealand, 
English  Edition,  p.  169  (woodcut  of  shell);  Man.  N.Z.  Moll. 
p.  22  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  207  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  i.  p.  127, 
&c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island ;  Manawatu.  South  Island ;  Collingwood 
(Hochstetter\  Picton,  Nelson  and  Westport. 

44  P.  GiLLiESi,  Smith,  1880. 

Ref.— Ann.  Mag.  N.H.  (5),  vi.  p.  159;  Trans.  N.Z.^Inst.  xvi 
p.  207  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  i.  p.  127. 

Hab. — South  Island;  Nelson  (Gillies)  and  Collingwood. 

45  P.  LiGNARiA,  Hutton,  1888. 

R  6  f.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xx.  p.  43. 
H  a  b. — South  Island  ;  Nelson  (Gaze). 


630      LAND    AND    FRESH-WATER   MOLLUSCA    OF    NEW   ZEALAND, 

46  P.  URNULA,  Pfeiffer,  sp.  1854. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1854,  p.  49;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  CLxxxvn. 
f.  1306  j  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  22;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  208, 
xxiv.  p.  286.  pi.  XX.  f.  1  (radula);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  i.  p.  128, 
pi.  XXVL  f.  14,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Wellington. 

Rhytida,  Albers,  1860. 
Albers,  die  Heliceen  (2nd  Ed.),  p.  89. 

47  R.  GREENWOODi,  Gray,  sp.  1849. 

Syn. — fficnni,  Gray,  MS. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1849,  p.  165  ;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  lxxxl  £.  434; 
Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  16;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  167,  208,  pi.  x. 
f.  p  (radula);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  i.  p.  126,  pi.  xxiv.  f.  74,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland  (Greenwood),  Hawke's  Bay, 
Pukekohe  and  Taupiri  Mt. 

48  R;  DUNNi^,  Gray,  sp.  1840. 

Ref. — Ann.  Mag.  N.H.  (1),  vi.  p.  317  ;  Conch.  Icon.  vii. 
pi.  lxxx.  f.  425  ;  Voy.  Erebus  and  Terror,  ii.  Moll.  pi.  i.  f.  7 
(two  figures) ;  Conch.  Cab.  (2),  i.  pt.  2,  pi.  cxxvii.  ff.  33-35  ; 
Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  16  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  208  ;  Man.  Conch. 
(2),  i.  p.  126,  pi.  XXIV.  f.  73,  &c. 

Hab. — North  Island  ;  Bay  of  Islands,  Thames,  Auckland, 
Whangarei  and  Howick. 

var,  BETA,  Pfeiffer,  1853. 
Mon.  Hel.  Viv.  iii.  p.  160;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  i.  p.  126. 

49  R.  patula,  Button,  1883. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xv.  p.  138,  xvi.  pp.  167,  208,  pi.  x. 
f.  Q  (radula). 

Hab. — South  Island;  Greymouth  (Helms),  Balclutha  and 
Boatman's. 


BY    C.    HEDLEY    AND    H.    SUTER.  631 

50  R.  ciTRiNA,  Hutton,  18S3. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xv.  p.  139;  xvi.  pp.  1C7,  208,  pi.  x- 
f.  R  (radula). 

Hab. — South  Island;  Greymouth  (Helms),  Buller  River. 

51  R.  AUSTRALis,  Hutton,  1883. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xv.  p.  139;  xvi.  pp.  167,  208,  pi.  x. 
f.  s  (radula). 

H  a  b.— Stewart's  Island  (T.  Kirk). 

52.  R.  MEESONi,  Suter,  1891. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst,  xxiii.  p.  84,  pi.  xvi.  ff.  1,  la,  lb 
(shell),  f.  A  (radula). 

Hab. — South  Island;  Wairoa  Gorge,  Nelson  (Meeson),  Kene- 
puru  Sound. 

Rhenea,  Hutton,  nov.gen.* 

(  =  mcea,  Hutton,  1884,  not  of  Ziegler,  1833.) 

53  R.  CORESIA,  Gray,  sp,  1849. 

R  ef.— P.Z.S.  1849,  p.  166  ;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxxii.  f.  807  ; 
Conch.  Cab.  (2),  i.  pt.  2.  pi.  CLV.  ff.  23-26  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll. 
p.  24;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  172,  207,  pi.  xi.  f.  E  (radula)  ; 
Man.  Conch.  (2),  i.  p.  130,  pi.  xxvi.  f.  15,  (kc. 

Hab. — North  Island;  Auckland  (Greenwood),  Wellington, 
Forty  Mile  Bush,  Thames,  Whangarei,  Hunua  Range  and 
Pirongia  Mt. 

54  R.  JEFFREYSIANA,  Pfeiffer,  sp.  1852. 

R  e  f.— P.Z.S.  1852,  p.  148  ;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxx..  f.  788  ; 
Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  24;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  172,  208, 
pi.  XI.  f.  F  (radula)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  i.  p.  129,  pi.  xxvi. 
f.  26,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland,  Thames  and   Hunua  Range. 

*  As  the  name  Ela^a  is  preoccupied  for  a  group  of  Neritina,   Messrs. 
Hedley  and  vSuter  have  allowed  me  the  present  opportunity  of  changing  it. 
— F.  W.  Hutton. 
43 


632       LAND    AND    FRESH-WATER    MOLLUSCA    OF    NEW    ZEALAND, 


Fam.  B  u  L  I  M  I  D  ^. 

Placostylus,  Beck,  1837. 
Beck,  Index  Moll.  p.  57. 

55  P.  BOViNus,  Bruguiere,  sp.  1792. 

Syn. — slwngii,  Lesson,  1830. 

Ref. — Encyl.  Method,  i.  p.  345;  Voy.  de  la  Coquille,  Zool.  i. 
p.  321,  pi.  vii.  fi:  4,  5  ;  U.S.  Expl.  Exped.  xii.  p.  79,  flf.  85,  a,  b 
(animal) ;  Conch.  Icon.  v.  Bulimus,  pi.  xxiv.  f.  159  ;  Man.  N.Z. 
Moll.  p.  14  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xiii.  p.  200,  xiv.  p.  152,  pi.  iii. 
f.  D  (radula),  f.  o  (jaw) ;  xvi.  p.  190,  pi.  ix.  f.  b  (radula)  ;  Conch. 
Cab.  (2),  i.  pt.  13a,  p.  36,  pi.  ix.  f.  1,  &c. 

Hab. — North  Island;  North  Cape,  Cape  Maria,  Bay  of 
Islands  and  Wangaroa. 

var.  ?<ovosEELANDiCL"S,  PfeifFer,  186''^. 

Ref.— Mai.  Blat.  viii.  p.  149  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  14;  Trans. 
N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  190,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Whangaruru,  Bay  of  Islands  (Hoch- 
stetter)  and  Whangarei. 

var.  CANDIDUS,  Crosse,  1864. 

Ref. — Journ.  de  Conch,  xii.  p.  125;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi. 
p.  190. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Cape  Maria. 

56  P.  iV)  ANTiPODARUM,*  Gray,  sp.  1843. 

R  e  f . — Dieflfenbach's  New  Zealand,  ii.  p.  247  ;  Voy.  Erebus 
and  Terror,  ii.  Moll.  p.  3,  pi  I.  f.  5;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  15 ;  Trans. 
N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  190,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Kaitaia  (Dieffenbach),  North  Cape, 
Bream  Head,  Manawatu,  Auckland  and  Waitatiora. 

*  Kobelt  considers,  I  believe  rightly,  that  this  represents  the  young  of 
P.  hovinus. — C.  H. 


BY    C.    HEDLEY    AND    H.    SUTER.  633 

Carth.ea,*^  Hutton,  1883. 
Hutton,  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  189. 

57  C.  Kivi,  Gray,  sp.  1843. 

S  y  n. — irradiata,  Gould,  1848  3  radiaria,  Pfr.  1854. 

Kef. — DiefFeubach's  New  Zealand,  ii.  p.  262;  Proc.  Boston 
N.H.S.  ii.  p.  178;  P.Z.S.  1854,  p.  55;  U.S.  Expl.  Exped.  xii. 
p.  34,  pi.  V.  ff.  65,  a,  b,  c ;  Mon.  Austr.  Land  Shells,  p.  35,  pi.  xx. 
fF.  10,  10a,  10b  ;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxx.  f.  794,  pi.  CLXXXix. 
f.  1322 ;  Voy.  Erebus  and  Terror,  ii.  Moll.  pi.  i.  f.  1  (two  figure?) ; 
Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  20 ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  170,  189,  pi.  ix. 
f.  A  (radula),  pi.  xi.  f.  I  (3  figs,  jaw)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  iii.  p.  37, 
pi.  XXI.  ff.  8-10,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  :  Auckland,  Hokianga,  Great  Omaha, 
Titirangi,  Napier,  Wellington,  Thames,  Ohaupo,  Whangarei, 
Huuua  Range,  Pirongia  Mt.  and  Taupiri. 

Not  e. — This  species  has  been  wrongly  ascribed  to  Australia  ; 
it  is  allied  to  H.  Jlosculus,  Cox,  from  Norfolk  Island.  After 
comparison  of  the  types  in  the  British  Museum,  Mr.  Smith  writes 
to  us  that  radiaria,  Pfr.,  is  identical  with  kivi,  Gray,  and  that 
the  locality  attached  to  the  former  is  most  doubtful. 

Fam.  Z  0  N  I  T  I  D  .E.     • 
Helicariox,  Ferussac,  fil.  1822. 
A.  E.  Ferussac,  Tableau  system,  des  anim.  Moll.  p.  31. 

58  H.  uLTiMus,  Mousson,  sp.  1873. 
Syn. — kermadeensis,  Smith,  1873. 

Ref. — Journ.  de  Conch,  xxi.  p.  110,  pi.  vii.  f.  1  (2  figs.) ;  Ann. 
Mag.  N.H.  (4),  xi.  p.  288 ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  204  ;  Man. 
Conch.  (2),  i.  p.  158,  pi.  xxxv.  ff.  9,  10,  &c. 

H  a  b. — Kermadecs  ;  Raoul.  North  Island  ;  Hobson's  Glen, 
Auckland. 

Not  e. — Mousson's  name  has  absolutely  no  priority  over 
Smith's,  both  having  been  published  in  April  of  the  same  year. 

*  A  genus  of  doubtful  affinities,  provisioaally  referred  to  this  family. 


634       LAND    AND    FRESH-WATER    MOLLUSCA    OF    NEW   ZEALAND, 

Since,  however,  Mousson's  description  was  illustrated  by  excellent 
figures,  while  Smith's  species  was  unfigured,  no  one  can  doubt  the 
justice  of  adopting  the  nomenclature  of  the  former  in  preference 
to  that  of  the  latter. 

Otoconcha,  Hutton,  1884. 
Hutton,  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  199. 

59  0.  ddiidiata,*  Pfeiffer,  sp.  1852. 

E  e  f.— P.Z.S.  1852,  p.  56;  Conch.  Icon.  xii.  Vitrina,  pi.  x.  f.  72  ; 
Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  12  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  166,  199,  pi.  ix. 
f.  Y  (radula),  pi.  xi.  f.  o  (jaw),  xxiii.  p.  94 ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  i. 
p.  181,  pi.  XLH.  f.  22,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  :  Auckland,  Thames,  Hawke's  Bay,  "Wel- 
lington, and  Forty  Mile  Bush.  South  Island  :  Boatman's  and 
Dyer's  Pass. 

Microcystis,  Beck,  1837. 

Beck,  Index  Moll.  p.  2. 

60  M.  KERMADECi,  Pfeifter,  sp.  (emend. f),  1856. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1856,  p.  326  ;  Journ.  de  Conch,  xxi.  p.  HI,  <tc. 
H  a  b.  —  Kermadecs  ;  Eaoul  (Lt.  Chimmo). 

Tkochonanina,  Mousson,  1869. 
Mousson,  Journ.  de  Conch,  xvii.  p.  330. 

61  T.  EXPosiTA,  Mousson,  1873. 

R  e  f.— Journ.  de  Conch,  xxi.  p.  Ill,  pi.  vii.  f.  2  (two  figures) ; 
Man.  Conch.  (2),  ii.  p.  47,  pi.  xxiil.  f.  60. 
H  a  b. — Kermadecs  ;  Raoul. 

*  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  this  mollusc  belongs  to  the  genus  Viirinoidect, 
Semper ;  the  anatomy  of  the  Philippine  and  the  New  Zealand  species  should 
be  compared. — H.  S. 

t  Originally  misspelt  kermandeci. 


BY  C.  HEDLEY  AND  H.  SUTER.  635 

Phacussa,  Huttoii,  1883. 
Hutton,  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xv.  p.  138. 

62  P.  HYPOPOLIA,  PfeifFer,  sp.  18.52. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1852,  p.  148;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxx,  f.  787  ; 
Conch.  Cab.  (2),  i.  pt.  2,  p.  496,  pi.  clxi.  fF.  18,  20;  Man.  N.Z. 
Moll.  p.  6 ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  205,  xxiv.  p.  286,  pi.  xx. 
tf.  2,  3  .(jaw),  f.  4  (radula)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2)  ii.  pp.  181,  212, 
pi.  LIV.  f.  15,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island;  Hawke's  Bay  and  Wellington.  South 
Island  ;  Bealey,  Dunedin,  Hooker  Valley  and  Boatman's. 

63  P.  HELMSi,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xv.  pp.  137,  138,  xvi.  pp.  172,  205. 
pi.  X.  f.  I  (radula),  pi.  xi.  £.  w  (jaw). 

H  a  b. — South  Island  ;  Greymouth  (Helms). 

var.  MACULATA,  Hutton,  1884. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  205. 

H  a  b. — South  Island  ;  Greymouth  (Helms). 

64.  P.  FQLMINATA,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xv.  p.  138;  xvi.  pp.  173,  206,  pi.  x. 
f .  J  (radula). 

Hab. — Stewart  Island  (T.  Kirk). 

Thalassohelix,  Pilsbry,  1892. 
Pilsbry,  Nautilus,  vi.  (Sept.  1892),  No.  5,  p.  56. 

65.  T.  ziczAC,  Gould,  sp.  1848. 

S  y  n. — portia,  Gray,  1849;  kajjpa,  Pfeiffer,  1852;  collyrida, 
Reeve,  1852. 

Ref.— Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  ii.  p.  166;  U.S.  Expl. 
Exped.  xii.  p.  41,  ff.  44a,  44b,  44c;  P.Z.S.  1849,  p.  165,  1852, 
p.  58  ;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxxi.  f.  806,  pi.  cxxxii.  f.  811  ;  Conch. 
Cab.  (2),  i.  pt.  2,  p.  455,  pi.  cLiv.  ff.  15-18,  25-26;  Mon.  Aust. 
Lind  Shells,  p.  18,  pi.  XIX.  ff.  11,  11a;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  pp.  7,  10; 


636       LAND    AND    FRESH-WATEK    MOLLUSCA    OF    NEW    ZEALAND, 

Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  165,  200,  201,  203,  pi.  ix.  f.  t  (radula) ; 
.  Man.  Conch.  (2),  i.  p.  252,  pi.  lx.  ff.  70,  72,  ii.  pp.  210,  213, 
pi.  Lxii.  ff.  35-37,  56,  pi.  Lxin.  ff.  60-62,  viii.  p.  69,  &c. 

Hab. — North  Island;  a  crater  near  Taiainii  (Pickering), 
Auckland,  Thames,  Pahautanui  and  Hunua  Range. 

Not  e. — Erroneously  reported  from  Australia. 

66.  T.  IGNIFLUA,  Reeve,  sp.  1852. 

S  y  n.— lambda,  Pfeiffer,  1852  (?  1853). 

R  e  f.— Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxviii.  f.  774;  P.Z.S.  1852,  p.  57  ; 
Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  11 ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xiv.  p.  151,  pi.  in.  f.  M 
(jaw),  c  (ladula),  pi.  iv.  f.  i  (radula),  xvi.  pp.  165,  203,  pi.  x. 
f.  H  (radula) ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  i.  p.  129,  pi.  xxvi.  f.  25,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Napier.  South  Island ;  Rangitira  Bush, 
Temuka,  Oxford,  Dunedin,  Hamilton,  Burke's  Pass,  Dyer's  Pass, 
and  Riccarton  Busb. 

*  var.  OBNUBiLA,  Reeve,  1852. 

S>  y  n.—sigma,  Pfeiffer,  MS. 

R  e  f. — Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxx.  f.  792  ;  Mon,  Hel.  Viv.  iv. 
p.  98 ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  9,  &c. 

H  a  b. — New  Zealand. 

Note.— This  species  with  Nos.  90,  94,  145,  147,  158,  164,  166 
and  167  were  published  by  Reeve  in  October,  1852.  Pfeiffer's 
descriptions  probably  did  not  appear  till  the  following  year.  Since 
in  1853  Pfeiffer  was  unable  to  quote  with  precision  in  the  Mon. 
Hel.  Viv.  iii.  his  own  species  contained  in  the  P.Z.S.  1852,  it  is 
reasonable  to  suppose  that  that  volume  was  not  then  printed. 

67  T.  PROPiNQUA,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xv.  p.  137,  xvi.  pp.  169,  203,  pi.  x. 
f.  G  (radula),  pi.  xi.  f.  v  (jaw) ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  72, 
pi.  xxn.  ff.  55-57  (shell). 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland,  Hawke's  Bay,  Dannevirke. 
South  Island ;  Weka  Pass  (Chilton),  Southland. 

*  I  differ  from  my  colleague  in  his  valuation  of  obnubila,  and  regard  it 
not  as  a  variety  but  as  an  absolute  synonym  of  vjnijlua. — H.  S. 


BY    C.    HEDLEY    AND    H.    SUTER.  637 

68  T.  ZELANDLE,  Gray,  sp.  1843. 

R  e  f.— DiefFenbach's  JSIew  Zealand,  ii.  p.  247  ;  Conch.  Icon.  vii. 
pi.  cxxix.  f.  780  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  19  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi. 
pp.  169,  203,  pi.  X.  f.  E.  (radula)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  ii.  p.  214, 
pi.  LXiii.  flf.  63,  64,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island ;  Auckland,  Wellington,  Wanganui, 
Napier,  Thames,  Whangarei,  Howick,  Hunua  Range,  and 
Piiongia  Mt. 

var.  ANTIPODA,  Hombron  and  Jacquinot,  1854. 

Ref.— Voy.  Pole  Sud,  Zool.  v.  p.  18,  pi.  vi.  if.  13-16;  Man. 
N.Z.  Moll.  p.  19  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  169,  204,  pi.  x.  f.  F 
(radula)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  ii.  p.  214,  pi.  LXiii.  ff.  65-67,  &c. 

Hab. — South  Island;  Greymouth.  Chatham  Islands.  Auck- 
land Islands  (Homb.  and  Jacq.). 

69  T.  (?)  AUCKLANDiCA,  Le  Guillou,  sp.  1842  (emend.*). 

Ref.— Revue  Zoologique,  v.  p.  140;  Man.  N  Z.  Moll.  p.  19; 
Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  204,  &c. 

Hab. — Auckland  Islands  (Le  Guillou). 

Gerontia,  Hutton,  1883. 
Hutton,  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xv.  p.  135. 

70  G.  PANTHERiNA,  Hutton,  1883. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xv.  p.  135,  xvi.  pp.  166,  200,  pi.  ix. 
f.  I  (radula),  pi.  xi.  f.  r  (jaw)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  65,  ix. 
pi.  III.  ff.  1-3  (shell). 

Hab. — South  Island;  Greymouth  (Helms),  and  Boatman's. 

71  G.  CORDELIA,  Hutton,  1883. 

Ref.— N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  476;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi. 
pp.  178,  200;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  66,  pi.  xxii.  ff.  34-36 
(shell). 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland  (Cheeseman). 

*  Originally  written  "  auklandica." 


638      LAND   AND    FRESH-WATER    MOLLUSCA   OP   NEW    ZEALAND, 

Allodiscus,  Pilsbiy,  1892. 

[  =  Psyra,  Hutton,  1884,  not  of  Stal.  1876.J 
Pilsbry,  Nautilus,  vi.  (Sept.  1892),  No.  v.  p.  56. 

72  A.  DiMORPHUS,  PfeifFer,  sp.  1852. 

R  e  f.— P.Z.S.  1852,  p.  148;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxvin.  f.  775  ; 
Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  6  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  161,  201,  pi.  ix. 
f.  V  (radula)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  ii.  p.  211,  pi.  LXii.  f.  39,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island;  Auckland,  Thames,  Wellington,  Ohaupo 
and  Forty  Mile  Bush. 

73  A.  VENULATUS,  PfeifFer,  sp.  1857. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1857,  p.  108;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  10;  Trans. 
N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  165,  201,  pi.  xi.  f.  y  (jaw),  &c. 

H  a  b.— South  Island  ;  Western  slope  of  Mt.  Cook,  Greymouth, 
and  Boatman's. 

74  A.  CASSANDRA,  Hutton,  sp.  1883, 

Ref.— N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  476;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi. 
pp.  181,  201;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  66,  pi.  xxii.  ff.  37-39- 
(shell). 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Napier. 

75  A.  TULLiA,  Gray,  sp.  1849. 

R  e  f.— P.Z.S.  1849,  p.  165  ;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  ccvii.  f.  1460  ; 
Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  5  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  201,  xxiv.  p.  291, 
pi.  XXI.  f.  18  (jaw),  f.  19  (radula);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  ii.  p.  211, 
pi.  LXII.  f.  40,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland  (Greenwood),  Wellington, 
Forty  Mile  Bush,  Ohaupo,  Pirongia  Mt.,  Hawke's  Bay.  South 
Island  ;  Greymouth,  Oxford,  Canterbury,  Riccarton  Bush,  Hooker 
Valley  and  Albury. 

76  A.  PLANULATUS,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

Ref.— N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  477;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi. 
pp.  181,  202,  pi.  IX.  f.  J  (radula)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii,  p.  67,  ix. 
pi.  III.  fF.  4-6  (shell). 


BV    C.    IIEDLEY    AND    H.    SUTER.  639 

H  a  b.— North  Lslancl ;  Auckland  (Cheeseman),  Thames,  Forty 
Mile  Bush  and  Hawke's  Bay.  South  Island ;  Greymouth,  Boat- 
man's, St.  Helens,  and  Amuri. 

77  A.  Adriana,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

Kef. — N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  476;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi. 
pp.  175,  201  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  67. 

Hab. — North  Island  ;  Napier,  Forty  Mile  Bush  and  Pirongia 
Mt.     South  Island  ;  Banks'  Peninsula  (Broun). 

78  A.  MiRANDUS,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

R  e  f. — N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  476  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi. 
pp.  180,  181,  202,  pi.  IX.  f.  w  (radula),  pi.  xi.  £.  s  (jaw);  Man. 
Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  68,  pi.  xxii.  ff.  40-42  (shell). 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Forty  Mile  Bush,  Pirongia  Mt.,  Hunua 
Range  and  Hawke's  Bay.  South  Island  ;  Greymouth  (Helms), 
Queenstowii,  Boatman's  and  Bealey. 

79  A.  GODETi,  Suter,  s|).  1891. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst,  xxiii.  p.  90,  pi.  xvii.  ff.  8,  8a,  8b 
(shell),  f.  o  (jaw),  f.  p  (radula);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  68, 
pi.  XXII.  ff.  43-45. 

Hab. — South  Island;  Hooker  Valley  (Suter). 

80  A.  WAiROAENSis,  Suter,  n.sp. 

This  species  will  he  figured  and  described  in  the  next  volume  of 
these  Proceedings. 

Hab. — South  Island;   Wairoa  Gorge,  Nelson. 

81  A.  URQUHARTi,  Suter,  n.sp. 

This  novelty  will  be  published  with  the  foregoing, 
Hab.  — North  Island;    Pirongia  Mt.  (Urquhart)  and   Hunua 
Range. 

Pyrrha,  Hutton,  1884. 

Hutton,  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  200. 


640      LAND   AND   FRESH-WATER   MOLLUSCA   OF   NEW   ZEALAND, 

82  P.  CRESSIDA,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

Ref.— N.Z.  Joum.  Sci.  i.  p.  476;  Trans.  KZ.  Inst.  xvi. 
pp.  178,  200,  pi.  IX.  f.  X  (radula),  pi.  xi.  f.  N  (jaw) ;  Man.  Conch. 
(2),  viii.  p.  72,  ix.  pi.  III.  ff.  17-19  (shell). 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Wellington.  South  Island  ;  Southland 
(Thomson),  Preservation  Inlet,  Haast  River  and  Greymouth. 
Stewart  Island. 

Therasia,  Hutton,  1883. 

Hutton,  N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  477. 

83  T.  CELINDE,  Gray,  sp.  1849. 

R  e  f.— P.Z.S.  1849,  p.  164 ;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxxi.  f.  799  ; 
Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  6  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  162,  202,  pi.  ix. 
£.  o  (radula),  pi.  xi.  f.  u  (jaw);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  ii.  p.  211, 
pi.  LXii.  £.  41,  &c. 

Hab. —  North  Island;  Auckland  (Greenwood),  Thames, 
Whangarei,  Ohaupo,  Hunua  Range  and  Pirongia  Mt. 

84  T.  VALERIA,  Hutton,  1883. 

Ref.-  N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  477  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xiv. 
p.  151,  pi.  III.  f.  B  (radula,  as  of  P.  hypopoUa),  xvi.  pp.  183,  202, 
pi.  IX.  f.  N  (radula) ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  69,  pi.  xxii. 
ff.  46-48  (shell). 

Hab. —South  Island;  Dunedin  (Hutton),  Akaroa,  Dyer's 
Pass  and  Riccarton  Bush. 

85.  T.  OPHELIA,  Pfeiffer,  sp.  1854. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1854,  p.  146;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxci.  f.  1345; 
Men.  Aust.  Land  Shells,  p.  34,  pi.  ix.  f.  4  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll. 
p.  18;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  202;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  ii.  p.  211, 
pi.  LXII.  f.  42,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Bay  of  Islands,  and  Auckland.  South 
Island;  Dunedin,  Dyer's  Pass,  Waipara,  Lake  Gnyon,  Castle 
Rock,  Southland,  Waitaki  and  Hurunui. 

Not  e. — Erroneously  reported  from  Australia. 


BY    C.    HEDLEY    AND    H.    SUTER.  641 

86  T.  TAMORA,  Hutton,  1883. 

Ref. — N.Z.  Jouru.  Sci.  i,  p.  477;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi. 
pp.  182,  202;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  70,  pi.  xxii.  ff.  49-51. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland  (Cheeseinan),  Thames,  Whan- 
garei,  Ohaupo,  Forty  Mile  Bush,  Hunua  Range,  Pirongia  Mt. 
and  Hawke's  Bay. 

87  T.  THAisA,  Hutton,  1883. 

Ref.— N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  477;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp. 
182,  202,  pi.  IX.  f.  M  (radula),  pi.  xi.  f.  T  (jaw)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2), 
viii.  p.  70,  ix.  pi.  iii.  fF.  14-16  (shell). 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland,  Napier,  Wellington,  Forty 
IMile  Bush  and  Whangarei.  South  Island;  Southland  (Thomson), 
Waipara,  Waitaki,  Queenstown,  Lake  Guyon,  Dunedin,  "Wairoa 
Gorge,  Nelson,  Mt.  Linton  and  Castle  Rock. 

88  T.  DECIDUA,  PfeifFer,  sp.  1857. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1857,  p.  108;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  6;  Trans. 
N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  203,  xxiv.  p.  291,  pi.  xxi.  f.  16  (jaw),  f.  17 
(radula)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  71,  pi.  xxii.  fF.  52-54  (shell),  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland,  Thames,  Wangaruru  and 
Wellington.  South  Island ;  Hooker  Valley,  St.  Helens,  Amuri 
and  Waiz'oa  Gorge,  Nelson. 

89  T.  TRAVERSi,  E.  A.  Smith,  sp.  1884. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1884,  p.  274,  pi.  xxiii.  fF.  16,  a,  b  ;  Man.  Conch. 
(2),  ii.  p.  214,  pi.  LXiii.  ff.'68-70,  viii.  p.  71. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Wairarapa  (Travers),  Forty  ]\Iile  Bush, 
Ohaupo  and  Pirongia  Mt. 

Not  e. — The  dentition  of  this  species,  which  has  been  examined 
by  one  of  us  and  which  will  be  described  at  an  early  date,  associates 
it  with  members  of  Therasia. 

PiiENACOHELix,  Suter,  1892. 
Suter,  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxiv.  p.  270. 

90  P.  piLULA,  Reeve,  sp.  1852. 
^yn.— iota,  PfeifFer,  1852  (?1853). 


btL'       LAND    AVD    FRESa-WATER    MOLLUSC  A    OF    NEW    ZEALAND, 

R  e  f.— Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxxn.  f.  809  ;  P.Z.S.  1852,  p.  57  ; 
Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  6  ;  Tians.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  161,  194,  pi.  ix. 
f.  K  (raluLa),  pi.  xr.  f.  M  (jaw)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  ii.  p.  212, 
pi.  LXii.  f,  43,  &c. 

Hab. — North  Island;  Auckland,  Hawke's  Bay,  Wanganui, 
Wellington,  Thames,  Forty  Mile  Bush,  Whangarei,  Ohaupo, 
Hunua  Range,  Heretaunga,  Pirongia  and  Taupiri  Mounts.  South 
Island ;  West  Coast,  Bealey,  Queenstown,  Lake  Guyon,  Owaka, 
Dyer's  Pass,  Eyreton,  Canterbury  and  Riccavton  Bush. 

91  P.  GRANUM,  Pfeiffer,  sp.  1857. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1857,  p.  107;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  20;  Trans. 
N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  170,  194,  pi.  ix.  f.  l  (radula),*  &c. 

Hab. — North  Island;  Taupiri  Mt.,  Hunua  Range  and  Wai- 
niarania. 

92  P.  CHORDATA,  Pfeiffer,  sp.  1862. 

Ref.— Mai.  Blat.  viii.  p.  147;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  5  ;  Trans. 
N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  194,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Forty  Mile  Bush,  Whangarei  and  Auck- 
land. 

SuTERiA,  Pilsbry,  1892. 

[  =  Patulopsis,  Suter,  1891,  not  of  Strebel,  1879.] 
Pilsbry,  Nautilus,  vi.  (Sept.  1892),  No.  5,  p.  56. 

93  S.  IDE,  Cray,  sp.  1849. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1849,  p.  166  ;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxx.  f.  789  ; 
Conch.  Cab.  (2),  i.  pt.  2,  p.  460,  pi.  CLV.  E.  34-36  ;  Man.  N.Z. 
Moll.  p.  9;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  164,  200,  pi.  ix.  f.  u  (radula)  : 
Man.  Conch.  (2),  ii.  p.  210,  pi.  Lxii.  ff.  32,  34,  etc. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland  (Greenwood),  Napier,  Wel- 
lington, Forty  Mile  Bush,  Thames,  Titirangi,  Pirongia  Mt.,  Hunua 
Range  and  Heretaunga.  South  Island  ;  Greymouth,  Wairoa 
Gorge,  Nelson  and  Boatman's. 

*  The  description  of  the  animal  and  dentition  here  quoted  refer,  in  my 
opinion,  to  the  South  Island  variety  of  P.  pihila.  I  have  seen  no  specimens 
of  what  I  consider  to  be  P.  (jranum  from  the  South  Island. — H.  S. 


BY    C.    HEDLEY    AND    H.    SUTER.  643 

Flammulina,  von  Martens,  1873. 
Von  Martens,  Critical  List  of  N.Z.  Mollusca,  p.  12. 

94  F.  coMPREssivoLUTA,  Reeve,  sp.  1852. 
Syn.— ome^«,  Pfeiffer,  1852  (]  1853). 

Ref.— Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxx.  f.  791  ;  P.Z.S.  1852,  p.  56; 
Man.  KZ.  Moll.  p.  10;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  198,  xxiv. 
p.  288,  pi.  XX.  f.  8  (jaw),  f.  9  (radula) ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  i.  p.  128 ; 
pi.  XXVI.  f.  28,  &c. 

Hab. — North  Island;  Hawke's  Bny,  Wellington,  Forty  Mile 
Bush  and  Heretaunga. 

95  F.  CORNEA,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

Ref.— Traas.  N.Z.  Inst.  xv.  p.  136,  xvi.  pp.  171,  198,  pi.  x. 
f.  A  (radula) ;  Man.  Coneh.  (2),  viii.  p.  75,  pi.  xxii.  ff.  64-66  (shell). 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland  (Cheeseman),  Thames  and 
Orakei. 

96  F.  ZEBHA,  Le  Guillou,  sp.  1842. 

Sy  n. — iihlogofliora^  Pfeiffer,  1849  ;  fiammigera,  Pfeiffer,  1852  ; 
and  mullilimbata,  Honibron  and  Jacquinot,  1854. 

R  ef.— Revue  Zoologique,  v.  p.  136;  P.Z.S.  1849,  p.  127,  1852, 
p.  147  ;  Conch.  Cab.  (2),  i.  pt.  2,  p.  456,  pi.  clv.  ff  1-4;  Voy. 
Pole  Sud,  Zool.  V.  p.  16,  pi.  vi.  ff.  5-8  ;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxx. 
f.  790;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  pp.  12,  22;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi. 
pp.  17),  198,  pi.  IX.  f.  z  (radula),  pi.  xi.  f.  p  (jaw)  ;  Man.  Conch. 
(2),  i.  p.  128,  pi.  XXVI.  f.  10,  &c. 

Hab. — North  Island;  Wellington,  Forty  Mile  Bush  and 
Pirongia  Mt.  South  Island  ;  Grey  mouth,  Oxford,  Banks'  Penin- 
suIh,  Akaroa,  Riccarton  Bush  and  Boatman's.  Auckland  Islands 
(Le  Guillou). 

97  F.  JACQUENETTA,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

Ref.— N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  476;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi. 
pp.  179,  180,  198,  pi.  X.  f.  c.  (radula);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii. 
pi.  76,  pi.  XXII.  ff.  70-72  (shell). 

H  a  b. — South  Island  ;  Greymouth  (Plelms). 


644       LAND    AND    FRESH-WATER    MOLLUSCA    OP    NEW    ZEALAND, 

98  F.  PERDiTA,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

Re  f.— N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  476  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  179, 
198,  pi.  XL  f.  c  (radula),  f.  Q  (jaw) ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  76, 
pi.  xxn.  ff.  73-75  (shell). 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland  (Cheeseman),  Wanganui, 
Wellington,  Thames,  Whangarei,  Ohaupo,  Hunua  Range  and 
Pirongia  Mt.  South  Island  ;  Grey  mouth,  Wairoa  Gorge,  Nelson 
and  Akaroa. 

99  F.  CREBRiPLAMMis,  Pfeifter,  sp.  1852. 

Syn. — infundibuhun,  Hombron  and  Jacquinot,  1854. 

Re  f.— P.Z.S.  1852,  p.  148  ;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxxL  f.  805  ; 
Voy.  Pole  Sud,  Zool.  v.  p.  20,  pi.  vl  ff.  25-28  ;  Conch.  Cab.  (2), 
i.  pt.  2.  p.  456,  pi.  CLV.  ff.  5-8  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  21  ;  Trans. 
N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  171,  199,  pi.  xi.  f.  g  (radula) ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  i. 
p.  130,  pi.  xxvL  f.  9,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island;  (?)  Waikato.  South  Island;  Greymouth, 
Wairoa  Gorge,  Nelson,  Riccarlon  Bush  and  Akaroa. 

100  F.  CORNEO-FULVA,  Pfeiffer,  sp.  1862. 

Ref.— Mai.  Blat.  viii.  p.  148;  Nov.  Conch,  iii.  pi.  lxxviil 
ff.  11-13  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  12;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxiv.  p.  287, 
pi.  XX.  £.  5,  5a,  5b  (shell),  f.  6  (jaw),  f.  7  (radula)  ;  Man.  Conch. 
(2),  viii.  p.  76,  pi.  xxii.  ff.  67-69,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Bay  of  Islands  (Hochstetter).  South 
Island  ;  Nerger  Range,  Canterbury. 

101  F.  NOVAR.E,  Pfeiffer,  sp.  1862. 

Ref.— Mai.  Blat.  viii.  p.  148  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  13  ;  Trans. 
N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  205,  &c. 

Hab. — North  Island;  Bay  of  Islands  (Hochstetter),  Lake  St. 
John,  Auckland. 

102  F.  CHIRON,  Gray,  sp.  1849. 

Re  f.— P.Z.S.  1849,  p.  166  ;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxxL  f.  797  ; 
Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  23  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  171,  199,  pi.  x. 


BY    C.    HEDLEY    AND    H.    SUTER, 


645 


f.  B  (radula),  xxiv.  p.  289,  pi.  xx.  f.  10,  10a,  10b  (shell),  £.  11 
(jaw),  f.  12  (radula);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  i.  p.  129,  pi.  xxvi. 
f.  19,  &c. 

Hab. — North  Island;  Aiicklaucl  (Greenwood),  Wellington, 
Forty  Mile  Bush,  Thames  and  Hunua  Range. 

Subgenus  Calymna,  Hutton,  1884. 
Hutton,  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  199. 

103  F.  cosTULATA,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xv.  p.  136,  xvi.  pp.  171,  199,  pi.  x. 
f.  D  (radula) ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  73,  ix.  pi.  iii.  ff.  20-22 
(shell). 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland  (Cheeseman),  Thames,  Ohaupo 
and  Hawke's  Bay. 

104  F.  LAViNiA,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

Ref.— N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  476;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi. 
pp.  180,  199 ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  74. 

H  a  b.— North  Island  ;  Palmerston  North  (T.  W.  Kirk). 

105  F.  OLivACEA,  Suter,  sp.  1892. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxiv.  p.  290,  pi.  xxi.  ff.  13,  13a,  13b 
(shell),  f.  14  (jaw),  f.  15  (radula);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  75, 
pi.  xxii.  ff.  61-63. 

H  a  b. — North  Island;  Hillyer's  Creek  near  Auckland  (Musson). 

106  F.  feredayi,  Suter,  sp.  1891. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst,  xxiii.  p.  91,  pi.  xviii.  ff.  10,  10a,  10b 
(shell),  f.  Q  (jaw),  f.  r  (radula);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  74 
pi.  XXII.  ff.  58-60. 

Hab.— North  Island;  Forty  Mile  Bush  (Suter)  and  Hunua 
Range. 

var.  GLAClALis,  Suter,  1891. 

R  e  f.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst,  xxiii.  p.  92. 

H  a  b. — South  Island  ;  Hooker  Valley  (Suter). 


646       LAND    AND    FRESH-WATER    MOLLUSCA    OF    NEW    ZEALAND, 

Laoma,  Gray,  1849. 
Gray,  P.Z.S.  1849,  p.  167. 

107  L.  LEiMONiAS,  Gray,  1849. 

R  e  f.— P.Z.S.  1849,  p.  167;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxxiii.  f.  820; 
Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  21;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  195;  Man. 
Conch.  (2),  iii.  p.  68,  pi.  xiil  f.  55,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island;  Auckland  (Greenwood),  Howick,  Hunua 
Range,  Thames,  Ohaupo,  Pirongia  Mt.  and  Hawke's  Bay, 

108  L.  POECiLOSTicTA,  Pfeiffor,  sp.  (emend.*)  1852. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1852,  p.  147  ;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxii.  f.  815  ; 
Conch.  Cab.  (2),  i.  pt.  2.  p.  470,  pi.  clvl  ff.  11-13  ;  Man.  N.Z. 
Moll.  p.  17;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  168,  195;  Man.  Conch. 
(2),  iii.  p.  68,  pi.  XIIL  f.  56,  &c. 

Hab. — North  Island;  Auckland,  Thames,  Whangarei,  Hunua, 
Range,  Pirongia  Mt.,  Taupiri  Mt.,  Napier  and  Wellington. 

Not  e. — L.  j)o^<^ilosticta  is  an  almost  exact  miniature  of 
Nanina  insculpta,  Pfr.,  from  Norfolk  Island. 

109  L.  MARINA,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

^j-n..—  nerissa,  Hutton,  1883  ( juv.). 

Ref.— N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  476;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi. 
pp.  176,  196,  xxiv.  pp.  283,  284  (cut  of  armature  of  aperture),  298 
pi.  XXIII.  f.  41  (jaw),  f.  42  (radula);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  57, 
pi.  XXIII.  ff.  17-20  (shell),  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland  (Cheeseman),  Forty  Mile 
Bush,  Thames,  Hunua  Range,  Pirongia  Mt.  and  Hawke's  Bay. 

110  L.  PiRONGiAENSis,  Suter,  n.sp. 

Will  be  introduced  in  the  next  volume  of  these  Proceedings. 
H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Pirongia  Mt.  (Urquhart). 

*  Misprinted  "  poecilocostata "  in  P.Z.S.  1S52,  p.  149,  but  written 
*'  poecilosticta  "  in  the  Mon.  Hel.  Viv.  iii.  p.  59  (probably  the  first  published 
description),  and  formally  corrected,  Mon.  Hel.  V^iv.  iv.  p.  36. 


BY    C.    HEDLEY    AND    H.    SUTER.  647 

Subgenus  Phrixgnathus,  Hutton,  1883. 
Hutton,  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xv.  p.  136. 

111  L.  MARiAE,  Gray,  sp.  1843. 
Syn. — umbracidum,  Pfeiflfer,  1852. 

R  e  f.— Dieffenbach's  New  Zealand,  ii.  p.  262;  P.Z.S.  1852,  p. 
147  ;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxxi.  f.  804  ;  Conch.  Cab.  (2),  i.  pt.  2, 
p.  462,  pi.  CLV.  ff.  40-42  ;  Voy.  Erebus  and  Terror,  ii.  Moll.  pi.  j. 
f.  2  (two  figures)  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  25  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi. 
pp.  172,  196,  pi.  IX.  f.  R  (radula)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  iii.  p.  37, 
pi.  XXI.  f.  11,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland,  Wellington,  Forty  Mile 
Bush,  Thames,  Whangarei,  Ohaupo,  Hunua  Range,  Pirongia  Mt. 
and  Heretaunga. 

112  L.  CONELLA,  Pfeiffer,  sp.  1862. 

Ref.— Mai.  Blat.  viii.  p.  147  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  17  ;  Trans. 
N.Z,  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  168,  196;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  58,  pi.  xxiii. 
f.  16  (shell),  &c. 

H  a  b.— North  Island;  Kakepuku  (Hochstetter),  Auckland, 
Thames,  Ohaupo,  Forty  Mile  Bush,  Horokiwi,  Wellington,  Hunua 
Range,  Heretaunga  and  Waimarama. 

113.  L.  ARIEL,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

Ref.— N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  476;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi. 
pp.  177,  196  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  59. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland  (Cheeseman),  Wanganui, 
Whangarei,  Pirongia  Mt.  and  Ohaupo. 

114  L.  MARGINATA,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

Ref —Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xv.  p.  137,  xvi.  pp.  168,  196,  pi.  ix. 
f.  s  (radula)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  60,  pi.  xxiii.  ff.  94-96 
(shell). 

H  a  b. — South  Island  ;  Greymouth  (Helms). 

44 


648       LAND    AND    FRESH-WATER    MOLLUSCA    OF    NEW    ZEALAND, 

115  L.  CELiA,  Hutton,  sp,  1883. 

R  e  f. — N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  476  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xiv.  p.  153, 
pi.  in.  f.  F  (radula),  f.  N  (jaw),  pi.  iv.  f.  N  (radiiia  as  of  H.  fatua), 
xvi.  pp.  176,  197;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  60,  ix.  pi.  i.  f.  10 
(shell). 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Wanganui,  Horokiwi,  Forty  Mile  Bush, 
Hunua  Range,  Howick  and  Thames.  South  Island ;  Dunedin 
(Hutton),  Milford  Sound,  Greymouth,  Teniuka,  Boatman's  and 
Akaroa.      Stewart  Island. 

116  L.  REGULARis,  Pfeiffer,  sp.  1854. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1854,  p.  50;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cLXXxn.  f.  1259; 
Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  17  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  168,  197,  pi.  xi. 
f .  D  (radula)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  iii.  p.  37,  pi.  xxl  f.  12,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Thames  and  Forty  Mile  Bush.  South 
Island  ;  Greymouth  and  Riccarton  Bush. 

117  L.  ERIGONE,  Gray,  sp.  1849. 

S  y  n. — heldimia,  Pfeiffer,  1852. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1849,  p.  165;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxxiii.  f.  817; 
Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  pp.  17,  18  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  197  ;  Man. 
Conch.  (2),  iii.  p.  37,  pi.  xxl  f.  13,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island;  Auckland  (Greenwood),  Howick, 
Hunua  Range,  Thames,  Ohaupo,  Pirongia  Mt.,  and  Hawke's  Bay. 

118  L.  MiCRORETicuLATA,  Sutor,  sp.  1890. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxii.  p.  227,  pi.  xv.  ff.  13,  13a,  13b 
(shell);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  63,  pi.  xxin.  ff.  13-15. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Forty  Mile  Bush  (Suter),  Hunua  Range 
and  Pirongia  Mt.  South  Island ;  Dunedin,  Hooker  Valley  and 
Boatman's. 

119  L.  PUMiLA,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xv.  p.  134,  xvi.  pp.  166,  195,  pi.  ix. 
f.  Q  (radula) ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  63,  pi.  xxin.  ff.  97-99. 


BY    C.    HEDLEY    AND    H.    SUTER,  649 

H  a  b. — JSTorth  Island  ;  Auckland  and  Hawke's  Bay.  South 
Island  ;  Christchurch  (Armstrong),  Eyreton  and  Dunedin. 

120  L.  RARicosTATA,  Suter,  sp.  1890. 

Ref.— Trans.  KZ.  Inst.  xxii.  p.  226,  pi.  xiv.  flf.  9,  9a,  9b 
(shell);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  100,  pi.  xix.  ff.  22-24. 

B  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Forty  Mile  Bush  (Suter)  and  Hawke's 
Bay.     South  Island  ;  Dunedin. 

121  L.  ALLOCHROiDA,  Sutsr,  sp.  1890. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxii.  p.  228,  pi.  xv.  ff.  14,  14a,  14b, 
14c  (shell);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  63,  pi.  xxii.  ff.  3,  4,  5,  6. 

H  a  b. — North  Island;  Forty  Mile  Bush  (Suter),  Hunua  Range, 
Pirongia  Mt.  and  Hawke's  Bay.     South  Island  ;  Hooker  Valley. 

var.  Sericata,  Suter,  1890. 
Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.   Inst.  xxii.  p.  228,  pi.  xv.  ff.  15,  15a,  15b 
(shell)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  64,  pi.  xxiii.  ff.  7-9. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Forty  Mile  Bush  (Suter),  Pirongia  Mt. 

var.  lateumbilicata,  Suter,  1890. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxii.  p.  228,  pi.  xv.  ff.  16,  16a,  16b 
(shell)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  64,  pi.  xv.  ff.  10-12. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Forty  Mile  Bush  (Suter),  Ohaupo  and 
Hawke's  Bay. 

122  L.  campbellica,  Filhol,  sp.  1880. 

Ref.— Bull.  Soc.  Philomatique,  iv.  p.  126;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst, 
xvi.  p.  195. 

H  a  b.— Campbell  Island  (Filhol). 

123  L.  PHRYNiA,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

Ref.— N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  476;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi. 
pp.  177,  197  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  61,  pi.  xxiii,  ff.  88-90 
(shell). 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Wanganui  (T.  W.  Kirk),  Whangarei, 
Pirongia  Mt.  and  Ha.wke's  Bay. 


650       LAND    AND    FRESH-WATER    MOLLUSCA    OF    NEW   ZEALAND, 

124  L.  FATUA,  Pfeiffer,  sp.  1857. 

K  e  f.— P.Z.S.  1857,  p.  107  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  19;  Trans.  N.Z. 
Inst.  xvi.  p.  197,  <kc. 

H  a  b. — North"Island  ;  Taupiri  (Hochstetter),  Auckland. 

125  L.  GLABRiuscuLA,  PfeifFev,  sp.  1851. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1851,  p.  262;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxxiii. 
f.  822;  Conch.  Cab.  (2),  i.  pt.  2,  p.  470,  pi.  CLVi.  ff.  14-16  ;  Man. 
N.Z.  Moll.  p.  23;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  197,  xxiv.  p.  297, 
pi.  XXII.  f.  38  (jaw),  f.  39  (radula);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  iii.  p.  37, 
pi.  XXI.  f.  14,  (kc. 

H  a  b. — North  Island;  Ohaupo,  Whangarei,  Auckland,  Pirongia 
Mt.  and  Hawke's  Bay. 

126  L.  sciADiUM,  Pfeiffer,  sp.  1857. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1857,  p.  108;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  19;  Trans. 
N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  197,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland  and  Seventy  Mile  Bush. 

127  L.  TiTANiA,  Button,  sp.  1883. 

Ref.— N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  476;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi. 
pp.  177,  198;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  62,  pi.  xxin.  ff.  82-84 
(shell). 

H  a  b. — South  Island  ;  Dunedin  (Hutton). 

128  L.  HAASTi,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

R  ef.— N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  476;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  177, 
198  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  62,  pi.  xxin.  ff.  91-93  (shell). 

Hab. — South  Island;  Mt.  Soiners  (Haast),  Akaroa,  St.  Helens, 
Amuri,  Riccarton  Bush  and  Albury  Rocks. 

129  L.  ACANTHiNULOPSis,  Suter,  sp.  1891. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z,  Inst,  xxiii.  p.  92,  pi.  xviii.  ff.  11,  11a,  lib 
(shell),  f.  s  (jaw),  f.  T  (radula)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  61, 
pi.  xxiii.  ff.  100,  1,  2. 

H  a  b. — South  Island  ;  Hooker  Valley  (Suter). 


BY  C.  HEDLEY  AND  H.  SUTER.  651 

130  L.  TRANSITANS,  Suter,  sp.  1892. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxiv.  p.  297,  pi.  xxii.  ff.  40,  10a,  40b 
(shell);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  59,  pi.  xxiii.  ff.  85-87. 

H  a  b. — North  Island;  Whangarei  (Musson)  and  Hunua  Range. 

*Endodonta,  Albers,  1850. 
Albers,  die  Heliceen  (1st  Ed.),  p.  89. 

131  E.  VARICOSA,  Pfeiffer,  sp.  1852. 
Syn. — timandra,  Hutton,  1883. 

Ref. — P.Z.S.  1852,  p.  148;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxxiii, 
f.  824;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  7;  N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  1883,  p.  475; 
Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  175,  192,  xxiv.  p.  293,  pi.  xxii.  £.  28 
(jaw),  f.  29  (radula) ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  iii.  p.  23,  pi.  in.  f.  10, 
viii.  p.  85,  pi.  XXIV.  ff.  21-23,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland,  Thames,  Whangarei,  Forty 
Mile  Bush,  Hunua  Range,  Pirongia  Mount,  Hawke's  Bay  and 
Wellington.     South  Island  ;  Akaroa  and  Riccarton  Bush. 

Note. — The  radula  figured  for  this  species  shows  a  most  extra- 
ordinary abnormity  of  the  central  and  lateral  teeth.  A  description 
and  figure  of  the  normal  radula  will  be  given  in  the  P.L.S.N.S.W. 
(2),  viii. 

132  E.  JESSICA,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

Ref. — N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  475;  Trans.  N.Z,  Inst.  xvi. 
pp.  174,  192;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  85,  pi.  xxiv.  ff.  24-27 
(shell). 

Hab. — South  Island;  Bealey  (Haast),  Kenepuru  Sound. 

133  E.  CRYPTOBiDENS,  Suter,  sp.  1891. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst,  xxiii.  p.  89,  pi.  xvii.  ff.  7,  7a,  7b,  7c 
(shell),  f.  M  (jaw),  f.  n  (radula);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  85, 
pi.  XXIV.  ff.  28-31. 

H  a  b. — South  Island  ;  Hooker  Valley  (Suter). 

■'  Uader  Endodonta,  Pilsbry  would  classify  (Proc.  Acad.  N.S.  Philad.  1892, 
p.  ■402)  jEschrodomus,  Charopa,  Gerontia,  Theratsia,  Flammidina,  Pyrrha, 
Fhenacohelix,  AUodiscus,  Suteria,  Thalassohelix  and  Phactissa  as  subgenera. 


652       LAND    AND    FRESH-WATER    MOLLUSCA    OF    NEW    ZEALAND, 

Subgenus  Ptychodon,  Ancey,  1891. 
[  =  Huttonella,  Suter,  1890,  not  of  Pfeiffer,  1855;  —  Maoriana, 
Suter,  1891,  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst,  xxiii.  p.  96  (published  May,  1891).] 
C.  F.  Ancey,  The  British  Naturalist,  pt.  4,  April,  1891,  p.  65. 

134  E.  LEiODA,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xv.  p.  135,  xvi.  pp.  166,  195,  pi.  ix. 
f.  p  (radula)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  87,  pi.  xxiv.  ff.  32-35 
(shell). 

Hab. — South  Island;  Greymouth  (Helms). 

135  E.  PSEUDOLEIODA,  Suter,  sp.  1890. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxii.  p.  221,  pi.  xiv.  ff.  1,  la,  lb,  Ic 
(shell),  xxiv.  p.  298,  pi.  xxin.  f.  43  (jaw),  f.  44  (radula) ;  Man. 
Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  88,  pi.  xxiv.  ff.  40-43. 

Hab. — North  Island;  Forty  Mile  Bush  (Suter),  Ohaupo, 
Whangarei,  Auckland,  PirongiaMt.,  Heretaunga  and  Waimararaa. 
136.  E.  WAIRARAPA,  Suter,  sp.  1890. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxii.  p.  222,  pi.  xiv.  2,  2a,  2b,  2c 
(shell) ;  xxiv.  p.  298,  pi.  xxiii.  f.  45  (radula)  :  Man.  Conch.  (2), 
viii.  p.  88,  pi.  XXIV.  ff.  36-39. 

Hab.  —  North  Island ;  Forty  Mile  Bush  (Suter)  and 
Waimarama.     South  Island  ;  Greymouth. 

137  E.  HECTORi,  Suter,  sp.  1890. 

S  y  n. — magdalence,  Ancey,  1891. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxii.  p.  222,  pi.  xiv.  ff".  3,  3a,  3b,  3c 
(shell) ;  xxiv.  p.  299,  pi.  xxiil.  f.  46  (jaw),  f.  47  (radula)  ;  British 
Naturalist,  Ap.  1891,  p.  65  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  89,  pi.  xxiv. 
ff.  44-47. 

Hab. — North  Island;  Forty  Mile  Bush  (Suter),  Auckland, 
Ohaupo  and  Whangarei. 

138  E.  MiCRouNDULATA,  Suter,  sp.  1890. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  In.st.  xxii.  p.  223,  pi.  xiv.  ff.  4,  4a,  4b,  4c, 
4d  (shell);  xxiv.  p.  299,  pi.  xxin.  f.  49  (jaw),  f.  50  (radula); 
Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  89,  pi.  xxiv.  ff.  52-56. 


BY    C.    HEDLEY    AND    H,    SUTER.  653 

H  a  b.— North  Island;  Forty  Mile  Bush  (Sutei)  and 
Waimarama.      South  Island  ;  Greymouth. 

139  E.  AORANGi,  Suter,  sp.  1890. 

R  e  f.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxii.  p.  223,  pi.  xiv.  fF.  5,  5a,  5b,  5c 
(shell);  xxiv.  p.  300,  pi.  xxiii.  f.  51  (jaw),  f.  52  (radula)  ;  Man. 
Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  90,  pi.  xxiv.  ff.  48-51. 

H  a  b. — South  Island,  Hooker  Valley  (Suter). 

140  E.  HUNUAENSis,  Suter,  n.sp. 

This  addition  to  the  fauna  will  be  figured  and  described  in  the 
next  volume  of  these  Proceedings. 

Hab. — North  Island,  Hunua  Range  (Broun),  Taupiri  Mt. 
and  Waimarama. 

Charopa,  Albers,  1860. 

[  =  Simplicai-ia,  Mousson,  MS.,  Suter,  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst,  xxiii. 
p.  90.] 

Albers,  die  Heliceen  (2nd  Ed.),  p.  87. 

141  C.  COMA,  Gray,  sp.  1843. 

Ref. — Dieffenbach's  New  Zealand,  ii.  p.  263  ;  Conch.  Icon.  vii. 
pi.  cxxx.  f.  796,  pi.  cxxxi.  f.  800  ;  Conch,  Cab.  (2),  i.  pt.  2,  p.  461, 
pi.  CLiv.  ff.  37-39  ;  Mon.  Austr.  L.  Shells,  p.  21,  pi.  xvii.  f.  4 ;  Voy. 
Erebus  and  Terror,  ii.  Moll.  pi.  i.  f.  3  (two  figures) ;  Man.  N.Z. 
Moll.  p.  8;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  162,  191,  pi.  ix.  f.  c  (radula), 
pi.  XI.  f.  K  (jaw);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  iii.  p.  22,  ix.  pi.  iv.  ff.  1-3 
(shell),  &c. 

Hab. — North  Island;  generally  distributed.  South  Island; 
Lake  Guyon,  Greymouth,  Bealey  and  Boatman's. 

Not  e. — Erroneously  attributed  to  Tasmania. 

var.  BETA,  Pfeiffer,  1853. 

Ref.— Mon.   Hel.  Viv.  iii.  p.  99;   Conch.  Cab.  (2),  i.  pt.  2, 
p.  461. 
H  a  b.— ? 


654       LAND    AND    FRESH-WATER    MOLLUSCA    OP    NEW    ZEALAND, 

var.  GLOBOSA,  Suter,  1892. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxiv.  p.  273  j  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii. 
p.  96. 

H  ab. — North  Island  ;  Forty  Mile  Bush  (Suter). 

142  C.  PSEUDOCOMA,  Suter,  n.sp. 

The  shell,  animal  and  dentition  of  this  species  will  be  described 
and  figured  in  the  following  volume  of  these  Proceedings. 

H  a  b.— South  Island;  Akaroa,  Port  Hills,  Littleton,  Dyer's 
Pass,  and  Riccarton  Bush  (Suter). 

143  C.  MODicELLA,  Fer.,  var.  vicinalis,  Mousson,  1873. 

Ref.— Journ.  de  Conch,  xxi.  p.  112  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  iii.  p.  39. 

H  a  b. — Kermadecs  ;  Raoul. 

Not  e — Perhaps,  says  Mousson,  a  distinct  species. 

144  C.  lucetta,  Hutton,  sp.  1884. 

Sy  n.—stokesi,  Smith,  1884. 

R  e  f.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  162,  192,  pi.  xi.  f.  a  (radula) ; 
P.Z.S.  1884,  p.  275,  pi.  xxin.  ff.  17,  17a,  17b  (shell) ;  Man.  Conch. 
(2),  iii.  pp.  22,  262,  pi.  in.  S.  7-9,  pi.  xxn.  ffi  48-50. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Hawke's  Bay  (Colenso),  Wellington 
and  Forty  Mile  Bush.     South  Island  ;  Greymouth  and  Nelson. 

Note. — Hutton's  name  was  published  in  May;  Smith's  on 
October  1st,  1884. 

145  C.  buccinella.  Reeve,  sp.  1852. 

S  J  n.— gamma,  Pfeifi'er,  1852  (?  1853). 

R  e  f.— Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxxin.  f.  821  ;  P.Z.S.  1852,  p.  57  ; 
Man.  N.Z  Moll.  p.  8;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  163,  192,  pi.  ix, 
f.  D  (radula)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  iii.  p.  23,  pi.  in.  f.  11,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland,  Hawke's  Bay,  Thames,  Forty 
Mile  Bush,  Ohaupo,  Hunua  Range  and  Pirongia  Mt.  South 
Island  ;  Dunedin,  Greymouth,  Oxford  and  Hooker  Valley. 
Auckland  Islands. 


BY    C.    HEDLEY    AND    H,    SUTER.  655 

146  C.  ANGUicuLUS,  Reeve,  sp.  1852. 

S  y  n.—theta,  Pfeiffer,  MS. 

R  e  f. — Couch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxxi.  f.  802  ;  Mon.  Hel.  Viv.  iii. 
p.  634 ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  9  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  192,  xxiv. 
p.  292,  pi.  XXI.  f.  22  (jaw),  f.  23  (radula) ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  iii. 
p.  23,  pi.  III.  f.  13,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Forty  Mile  Bush  and  Howick.  South 
Island ;  Hooker  Valley,  Riccarton  Bush  and  Boatman's. 

147  C.  coRNicaLUM,  Reeve,  sp.  1852. 

Syn.— e«a,  Pfeiffer,  1852  (n853). 

R  e  f.— Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxxiii.  f.  826  ;  P.Z.S.  1852,  p.  57  ; 
Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  9;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  164,  pi.  ix.  f.  f 
(radula);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  iii.  p.  24,  pi.  in,  f.  12,  &c. 

Hab. — North  Island;  Auckland,  Hawke's  Bay,  Thames,  Wel- 
lington, Forty  Mile  Bush,  Howick,  Whangarei  and  Ohaupo. 
South  Island  ;  Oxford,  Christchurch  and  Eyreton. 

var.  MACULATA,  Suter,  1891. 

Ref. — -Trans.  N.Z.  Inst,  xxiii.  p.  89;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii. 
p.  96. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Ohaupo,  Auckland  and  Hunua  Range. 
South  Island;  Hooker  Valley  (Suter)  and  Akaroa. 

148  C.  BiANCA,  Hutton,  sp.  1883. 

Ref.— N.Z.  Jouru.  Sci.  i.  p.  475;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi. 
pp.  175,  192,  xxiv.  p.  292,  pi.  xxi.  f.  20  (jaw),  f.  21  (radula); 
Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  97,  pi.  xxxvii.  ff.  41,  42  (shell). 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland,  Horokiwi,  Thames,  Forty 
Mile  Bush  and  Hawke's  Bay.  South  Island;  Greymouth  (Helms), 
Bealey,  Hooker  Valley,  Akaroa  and  Riccarton  Bush. 


var. 


MONTANA,  Suter,  1890. 


Ref. — Trans.  N.Z.  Inst,  xxiii.  p.  88,  pi.  xvii.  f.  k  (jaw),  f.  L 
i-adula);  Man.  Conch.  (2)  viii.  p.  97. 
H  a  b. — South  Island;  Hooker  Valley  (Suter). 


b5b       LAND    AND    FRESH-WATER    MOLLUSCA    OF    NEW    ZEALAND, 

149  C.  TAPiRiNA,  Button,  sp.  1883. 

Ref. — Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xiv.  p.  150,  pi.  in.  f.  A  (radula),  f.  L 
(jaw),  pi  IV.  f.  G  (radula  as  of  coma),  xv.  p.  134,  xvi.  pp.  165,  193, 
pi.  IX.  f.  G  (radula)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  iii.  p.  23,  viii.  p.  97,  ix. 
pi.  IV.  ff.  4-6  (shell). 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland,  Hawke's  Bay,  Masterton, 
Wellington,  Thames,  Forty  Mile  Bush,  and  Hunua  Range.  South 
Island ;  Dunedin  (Hutton),  Queenstown,  Greymouth,  Temuka, 
Owaka  and  Wairoa  Gorge,  Nelson. 

150  C.  MUTABiLis,  Suter,  sp.  1890. 

R  e  f.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst,  xxiii.  p.  84,  pi.  xvi.  ff.  2,  2a,  2b  (shell), 
B  (jaw),  c  (radula) ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  lOl,  pi.  xix.  ff.  25-27. 

H  a  b. — South  Island  ;  Hooker  Valley  (Suter)  and  Castle  Rock, 
Southland. 

151.  C.  STERKiANA,  Suter,  sp.  1891. 

R  e  f.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst,  xxiii.  p.  85,  pi.  xvi.  ff.  3,  3a,  3b  (shell), 
f.  D  (jaw),  f.  E  (radula);  Man.  Conch.  (2).  viii.  p.  101,  pi.  xix. 
ff.  28-30. 

H  a  b. — South  Island;  Hooker  Valley  (Suter). 

var.  MAJOR,  Suter,  1892. 

R  e  £.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxiv.  p.  295. 
H  a  b. — South  Island  ;  Owaka  (Bryant). 

var.  REEFTONENSis,  Suter,  1892. 
R  el— Trans.   N.Z.   Inst.  xxiv.   p.  294;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii. 
p.  102. 

H  a  b.— South  Island  ;  Boatman's  near  Reefton  (Cavell). 

152  C.  BROUNi,  Suter,  sp.  1891. 

R  e  f.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst,  xxiii.  p.  86,  pi.  xvi.  ff.  4,  4a,  4b  (shell), 
f.  F  (jaw),  f.  G  (radula);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  102,  pi.  xix. 
ff-.  31-33. 

H  a  b. — South  Island  ;  Hooker  Valley  (Suter)  and  Riccarton 
Bush. 


BY    C.    HEDLEY    AND    H.    SUTER.  657 

153  C.  SERPEXTiNULA,  Suter,  sp.  1891. 

R  e  f.  — Trans.  N.Z.  Inst,  xxiii.  p.  87,  pi.  xvi.  fF.  5,  5a,  5b  (shell), 
f.  H  (jaw),  f.  J  (radula)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  103,  pi.  xix. 
ff.  34-36. 

Hab. — South  Island;  Hooker  Valley  (Suter)  and  St.  Helens. 

154  C.  TAU,  Pfeiffer,  sp.  1862. 
S  y  n. — Sylvia,  Hutton,  1883. 

Ref.— Mai.  Blatt.  viii.  p.  148;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  8;  ^.Z. 
Journ.  Sei.  i.  p.  467  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  175,  193,  xxiv. 
p.  293,  pi.  XXI.  f.  24  (jaw),  f.  25  (radula) ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii. 
p.  98,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland,  Horokiwi,  Forty  Mile  Bush, 
Howick,  Hunua  Range,  Whangarei,  Pirongia  Mt.  and  Hawke's 
Bay.     South  Island  ;  Bealey  and  Riccarton  Bush. 

155  C,  VARiECOSTATA,  Suter,  sp.  1890. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxii.  p.  225,  pi.  xiv.  ff.  8,  8a,  8b,  8c 
(shell);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  100,  pi.  xix.  ff.  19-21. 
H  a  b.  — North  Island;  Forty  Mile  Bush  (Suter). 

156  C.  EREMiTA,  Suter,  sp.  1891. 

R  e  f.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst,  xxiii.  p.  87,  pi.  xvii.  ff.  6,  6a,  6b  (shell) ; 
Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  103,  pi.  xix.  ff.  37-39. 
H  a  b. — South  Island  ;  Hooker  Valley  (Suter). 

157  C.  coLENSOi,  Suter,  sp.  1890. 

R  e  f.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxii.  p.  225,  pi.  xiv.  ff.  7,  7a,  7b  (shell), 
xxiv.  pi.  XXI.  f.  26  (jaw),  f.  27  (radula) ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii. 
p.  99,  pi.  XIX.  ff.  16-18. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Forty  Mile  Bush  (Suter),  Heretaunga 
and  Waimarama. 

158  C.  INPECTA,  Reeve,  sp.  1852. 
Syn.—zeta,  Pfeiffer,  1852  (?  1853). 


658       LAND    AND    FRESH-WATER    MOLLUSCA    OF    NEW    ZEALAND, 

Ref.  — Conch.  Icon,  vii.  pi.  cxxxn.  f.  808  ;  P.Z.S.  1852,  p.  58; 
Conch.  Cab.  (2),  i.  pt.  2,  pi.  clv.  ff.  27-30  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  9  ; 
Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  164,  193,  pi.  ix.  f.  H  (raclula) ;  Man. 
Conch.  (2),  iii.  p.  23,  pi.  in.  f.  U. 

H  a  b. —North  Island  ;  Hawke's  Bay,  Forty  Mile  Bush, 
Whangarei  and  Ohaupo.  South  Island  ;  Greymouth,  Oxford, 
Bealey  and  Riccarton  Bush. 

var.  IRREGULARIS,  Suter,  1890. 
R  e  f.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxii.  p.  224,  pi.  xiv.  ff.  6,  6a,  6b  (shell) ; 
Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  98,  pi.  xix.  ff.  13-15. 
H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Forty  Mile  Bush  (Suter). 

var.  ALPESTRis,  Suter,  1891. 

R  e  f.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst,  xxiii.  p.  88  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2)  viii. 
p.  99. 

H  a  b. — South  Island  ;  Hooker  Valley  (Suter). 

159  C.  BicoNCAVA,  Pfeiffer,  sp.  1852. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1852,  p.  149;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxxii. 
f.  810;  Conch.  Cab.  (2),  i.  pt.  2,  pi.  clv.  ff.  43-47;  Man.  N.Z. 
MoH.  p.  11  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  193;  xxiv.  p.  295,'pl.  xxii. 
f.  30  (jaw),  f.  31  (teeth);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  i.  p.  130,  pi.  xxiv. 
f.  75,  &c. 

Hab. — North  Island;  Thames,  Wellington,  Forty  Mile  Bush 
and  Heretaunga. 

160  C.  suBANTiALBA,  Suter,  sp.  1890. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxii.  p.  226,  pi.  xv.  ff.  10,  10a,  10b 
(shell),  xxiv.  p.  295,  pi.  xxil.  f.  32  (jaw),  f  33  (radula)  ;  Man. 
Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  104,  pi.  xix.  ff.  40-42. 

Hab. — North  Island;  Forty  Mile  Bush  (Suter),  Auckland, 
Hunua  Range  and  Waimarama. 

161  C.  MOUssoNi,  Suter,  sp,  1890. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst,  xxii.  p.  227,  pi.  xv.  ff.  12,  12a,  12b 
(shell);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  105,  pi.  xix.  ff.  46-48. 
H  a  b.— North  Island  ;  Forty  Mile  Bush  (Suter). 


BY    C.    HKDLEY    AND    H.    SUTER.  659 

1G2  C.  HUTTONi,  Siiter,  sp.  1890. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xxii.  p.  226,  pi.  xv.  ff.  11,  11a,  lib 
(shell);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  viii.  p.  104,  pi.  xix.  fF.  43-45. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Forty  Mile  Bush  (Suter)  and  Pirongia 
Mt. 

163  C.  EGESTA,  Gray,  sp.  1849. 

R  e  f.~P.Z.S.  1849,  p.  166  ;  Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxxi.  £.  798  ; 
Conch.  Cab.  (2),  i.  pt.  2,  p.  458,  pi.  clv.  ff.  18-20  ;  Man.  N.Z. 
Moll.  p.  8  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  193  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  iii. 
p.  23,  pi.  III.  f.  15,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland  (Greenwood)  and  Orakei. 

164  C.  CAPUT-SPiNULiE,  Reeve,  sp.  1852, 
8  y  n.—epsilon,  Pfeiffer,  1852  (1  1853). 

R  e  f.— Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxxiii.  f.  818  ;  P.Z.S.  1852,  p.  57  ; 
Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  23;  Trans.  KZ.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  194;  Man. 
Conch.  (2),  iii.  p.  102,  pi.  xx.  f.  53,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;   Auckland,   Horokiwi^  Thames,  Whan-  ■ 
garei,    Hunua    Range,    Pirongia    Mt.   and   Waimarama.       South 
Island ;  Riccarton  Bush,  Dyer's  Pass  and  Akaroa. 

165  C.  SEGREGATA,  Suter,  n.sp. 

This  recent  acquisition  wjU  appear  in  next  year's  Proceedings. 
H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Waimarama  (Hamilton). 

Subgenus  Aeschrodomus,  Pilsbry,  1892. 

[  =  Thera,  Hutton,  1884,  not  of  Stephens,  1831.] 
Pilsbry,  Nautilus,  vi.  (Sept.  1892),  No.  v.  p.  55,  footnote. 

166  C.  STiPULATA,  Reeve,  sp.  1852. 

8  yn.— alpha,  Pfeiffer,  1852  0  1853). 

R  e  1— Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxxii.  f.  813  ;  P.Z.S.  1852,  p.  58  ; 
Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  18 ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  pp.  168,  193.  pi.  xi. 
f.  B  (radula),  f.  L  (jaw),  xxiv.  p.  296,  pi.  xxii.  f.  34  (jaw),  f.  35 
(radula);  Man.  Conch.  (2),  iii.  p.  94,  pi.  xix.  f.  1,  &c. 


660       LAND    AND    FRESH-WATER    MOLLUSCA    OF    NEW    ZEALAND, 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Auckland,  Petane,  near  Napier  and 
Thames.  South  Island  ;  Greymouth,  Temuka,  Dunedin,  Queens- 
town  and  Owaka. 

167  C.  BARBATULA,  Reeve,  sp.  1852. 

S  y  n.—heta,  Pfeiffer,  1852  {%  1853). 

R  6  f.— Conch.  Icon.  vii.  pi.  cxxxii.  f.  814;  P.Z.S.  1852,  p.  58; 
Conch.  Cab.  (2),  i.  pt.  2,  p.  462,  pi.  CLV.  ff.  53-56  ;  Man.  N.Z. 
Moll.  p.  18;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  193,  xxiv.  pp.  285,  296, 
pi.  xxn.  f.  36  (jaw),  f.  37  (radula)  ;  Man.  Conch.  (2),  iii.  p.  95, 
pi.  XIX.  f.  2,  &c. 

H  a  b. — South  Island  ;  Dunedin, 

Subgenus  Tesseraria,  Bottger,  1881. 
Bottger,  von  Martens'  Conch.  Mittheil.  i.  p.  69. 

168  C.  NOVOSEELANDICA,  Pfeiffer,  sp.  1852. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1852,  p.  149;  Conch.  Icon.  xx.  Pupa,  pi.  xiv. 
f.  126  ;  Conch.  Cab.  (2),  i.  pt.  15,  p.  135,  pi.  xvn.  ff.  18,  19  ;  Man. 
N.Z.  Moll.  p.  15;  Conch.  Mittheil.  i.  p.  69;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst, 
xvi.  p.  191,  xxiv.  p.  300,  pi.  xxin.  f.  53  (jaw),  f.  54  (radula),  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Hawke's  Bay,  Forty  Mile  Bush  and 
Auckland. 

Fam.    Heliciterid^. 

TORNATELLINA,   Beck. 

Beck,  Index  MoUuscorum,  p.  80. 

169  T.  NOVOSEELANDICA,  Pfeiffer,  sp.  1852. 

Ref.— P.Z.S.  1852,  p.  149,  1849,  p.  167;  Conch.  Cab.  (2),  i. 
pt.  15,  p.  149,  pi.  XVIII.  ff.  10,  11  (shell) ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  14; 
Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  191,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island;  Auckland  (Greenwood),  Thames,  Hunua 
Ransre  and  Waimarama. 


BY    C.    HEDLEY    AND    H.    SUTER.  661 

Fam.     jANELLIDiE. 

Janella,*  Gray,  1850. 

[  =  Athoracophorus,(io\i\d,  1852;  =Konophora,  Huttoii,  1878  ; 
=  Pseudaneitea,  CocVereW.  1891;  =  Neojanella,  Cockerel!,  1891; 
but  not  Janella,  Grateloup,  1838.] 

Gray,  Mrs.  Gray's  Figures  of  Molluscous  Animals,  iv.  p.  112. 

170  J.  bitentaculata,  Quoy  and  Gaimard,  sp.  1832. 

8  y  n. — antipodarum,  Gray,  1853;  duhia,  Cockerell,  1891. 

Re  f. — Yoy.  Astrolabe,  Zool.  ii.  p.  148,  pi.  xiii.  ff".  1-3  (animal)  ; 
Am.  Expl.  Exped.  xii,  p.  2,  ff.  6,  6a,  6b,  6c  (animal)  ;  Zeits.  Wiss. 
Zool.  XV.  p.  446,  pi.  XXIV.  ff.  1-2  (animal),  3-5  (anatomy) ;  Trans. 
Linn.  See.  xxii.  p.  381,  pi.  Lxvi.  ff.  1-4  (animal),  ff.  6-11  (radula)  ; 
Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xiv.  pp.  158-160,  pi.  v.  ff.  12-16  (radula,  &c.), 
xvi.  pp.  173,  206,  pi.  X.  f .  M  (radula);  P.Z.S.  1853,  p.  112;  1891, 
p.  217;   Ann.  Mag  Nat.  Hist.  (2),  xii.  p.  414,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  a  crater  near  Taiaimi,  Auckland, 
Thames,  Forty  Mile  Bush,  Heretaunga  and  Wellington.  South 
Island  ;  Tasman  Bay  (Quoy),  Greymouth  and  Boatman's. 

171  J.  PAPiLLATA,  Hutton,  1879. 

S  y  u. — verrucosa,  von  Martens,  1889. 

Ref.— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xi.  p.  332,  xiv.  p.  159,  pi.  v.  ff.  10,  11 
(radula),  xvi.  p.  206;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  27;  Nova  Acta, 
Kaiserl.  Leop.  Karol.  deutschen  Akad.  Naturf.  liv.  p.  77,  pi.  iv. 
f.  11,  11a,  lib,  lie  (animal),  f.  12  (jaw),  f.  14  (genitalia). 

H  a  b.— North  Island  ;  Wellington  (Hutton),  Forty  Mile  Bush 
and  Heretaunga.  South  Island  ;  Dunedin  and  Riccarton  Bush. 
Chatham  Island. 

var.  NIGRICANS,  von  Martens,  1889. 
R  e  f. — Nova  Acta,  &c.  liv.  p.  77. 
H  a  b. — Auckland  Island  (Krone). 

*  Adherents  of  the  formula,  "  once  a  synonym  always  a  synonym,"  will 
replace  Janella  by  Athoracophorus. 


662       LAND    AND    FRESH-WATER    MOLLUSCA    OF    NEW    ZEALAND, 

var.  FASCiATA,  von  Martens,  1889  (emend.*). 

Ref.— Nova  Acta,  &c.  liv.  p.  79. 
H  a  b. — Auckland  Island  (Krone). 

172  J.  MARMOREA,  Hutton,  sp.  1879. 

S  y  n. — marmorata,  von  Martens,  1889. 

Ref.— Trans.  KZ.  Inst.  xi.  p.  332,  xiv.  p.  158,  pi.  v.  f.  1 
(animal),  &  2-9  (radnla,  genitalia  &c.),  xvi.  pp.  173,  206,  pi.  x. 
f.  N,  pi.  XL  £.  X  (jaw) ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  27  ;  Nova  Acta,  &c. 
liv.  p.  71,  pi.  IV.  f.  3  (animal),  ff.  5-6  (radula),  f.  10  (genitalia). 

H  a  b. — South  Island  ;  Dunedin  (Bourne)  and  Greymouth, 
Auckland  Island. 

Class  PELECYPODA. 

Fam.  U  N  I  0  N  I  D  iE. 
Unio,  Philipsson,  1788. 
Philipsson,  Dissert.  Hist.  Nat.  Nov.  Test.  Genera,  p.  16. 

173  U.  MENZiEsi,  Gray,  1843. 

R  e  f. — Dieffenbach's  New  Zealand,  ii.  p.  257  ;  Conch.  Icon.  xvi. 
Unio,  pi.  XXIX.  f.  152;  Hanley's  Photographic  Conchology,  pi. 
n.  f.  1  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  160;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xiv.  p.  148, 
pi.  II.  ff.  a,  b,  c,  d  (shell  and  animal),  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  and  South  Islands. 

174  U.  AUCKLANDicus,  Gray,  1843. 

R  e  f. — Dieffenbach's  New  Zealand,  ii.  p.  257  ;  Conch.  Icon.  xvi. 
Unio,  pi.  xxix.  f.  156  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  161,  &c. 
H  a  b. — North  and  South  Islands. 

175  U.  ZELEBORi,  Dunker,  1866. 

Ref. — Abhandl.  Zool.  Bot.  Gesell.  Wien,  xvi.  p.  915;    Reise 
Novara,  Moll.  p.  15,  pi.  ii.  f.  28  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  161. 
H  a  b. — North  and  South  Islands. 

*  So  corrected  by  the  author  from  "fuscata."  Vide  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst. 
1892.     An  enumeration  of  the  Janellidse. 


BY    C.    HEDLEY    AND    H.    SUTER.  663 

176  U.  HOCHSTETTERi,  Dunker,  1862. 

R  e  f . — Mai.  Blat.  viii.  p.  153;  Conch.  Icon.  xvi.  Unio, 
pi.  Lxxxvi.  sp.  463  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  161. 

H  a  b. — Noi'th  Island;  River  Waikato  (Hochstetter),  Lakes 
Taupo  and  Rotorua. 

177  U,  LUTULENTUS,  Gould,  1851. 

Ref.— Proc  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  iii.  p.  295;  U.S.  Expl. 
Exped.  xii.  p.  428,  f.  542,  a,  b,  c;  Conch.  Icon.  xvi.  Unio,  pi. 
XXV.  f.  122,  pi.  Lxxiv.  f.  386;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  161,  &c. 

H  a  b. — North  and  South  Islands. 

178  U.  WAIKARENSE,  Colenso,  1845. 

R  e  f. — Tasmanian  Journ.  Nat.  Sci.  ii.  pt.  9,  April,  1845,  p.  250 
footnote ;  N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  170 ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xiv. 
p.  169. 

H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Lake  Waikare  (Colenso). 

179  U.  DEPAUPERATUS,  Hutton,  1883. 

Ref.— N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  478  ;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi.  p.  216. 
H  a  b. — North  Island  ;  Lake  Takapuna. 

180  U.  RUGATUS,  Hutton,  1883. 

Ref.— N.  Z.  Journ.  Sci.  i.  p.  478;  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xvi. 
p.  216. 

H  a  b. — North  Island;  Kopuaranga  River.  South  Island;  Lake 
Pearson  (Enys). 

181  U.  MUTABiLis,  Lea,  1860. 

Syn. — ?  depressus,  Lamarck,  1818. 

Ref. — Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philad.  iii.  p.  152;  Obs.  Genus 
Unio,  vii.  p.  66,  pi.  xxxviii.  f.  127  (3  figures) ;  Conch.  Icon.  xvi. 
Unio,  pi.  XXIV.  f.  112;  Linn.  Soc.  Journ.  Zool.  xvi.  p.  308,  &c. 

H  a  b. — New  Zealand  (fide  H.  Cuming). 

Note — Lea  states  that  he  founded  this  species  upon  four 
specimens :  one  from  New  Zealand,  contributed  by  Cuming,  upon 
45 


664       LAND    AND    FRESH-WATER    MOLLUSCA    OF    NEW    ZEALAND, 

which  the  figure  and  description  were  based,  another  of  unknown 
origin,  and  two  furnished  by  T)r.  Newcomb,  of  which  the  first 
came  from  Brisbane  Water,  N.S.W.,  and  the  second  from  the 
Murray  Rivei".  Cuming's  unsupported  testimony  is  not  sufficient 
reason  for  including  a  species  in  any  fauna. 

Fam.   C  Y  R  E  N  I  D  ^. 

Sphaerium,  Scopoli,  1777. 

Scopoli,  Intr.  Hist.  Nat.  p.  397. 

182  S.  NOV.EZELANDi^,  Deshayes,  1853. 

Ref.— Cat.  Conchif.  Brit.  Museum,  p.  272;  P.Z.S.  1854,  p.  342; 
Conch.  Icon.  xx.  Sphaerium,  ph  iv.  f.  37  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  154  ; 
Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.  xiv.  p.  149. 

H  a  b. — North  and  South  Islands. 

PisiDiUM,  C.  Pfeiffer,  1821, 
C.  Pfeiffer,  Nat.  Deutschl.  Moll.  p.  17. 

183  P.  LENTicuLA,  Dunker,  sp.  1862. 

Re  f.— Mai.  Blat.  viii.  p.  153  ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  154  ;  Trans. 
N.Z.  Inst.  xiv.  p.  149,  pi.  n.  ff.  e,  a,  b. 
H  a  b. — North  and  South  Islands. 

184  P.  nov^zelandi^.  Prime,  1862. 

R  e  f.— P.Z.S.  1862,  p.  3  ;  Ann.  Lyceum  Nat.  Hist.  New  York, 
1867,  p.  91  (woodcut  in  the  text) ;  Man.  N.Z.  Moll.  p.  155  ;  Trans. 
N.Z.  Inst.  xiv.  p.  150. 

H  a  b. — North  and  South  Islands. 

APPENDIX  I. 

Land  and  Freshwater  Shells  erroneously  ascribed  to 
New  Zealand. 

Helix  coniformis,  Fer,,  H.  cornugiganteiim,  Chemn.,  H.  dieme- 
nensis,  Cox,  H.  falconeri,  Reeve,  H.  guttula,  Pfr.,  H.  grayi,  Pfr., 


BY   C.    IIEDLEY    AND    H.    SUTER.  665 

H.  hystrix,  Migh.,  H.  incei,  Pfr.,  H.  inversicolor,  Fer.,  {  — Trocho- 
morpha  hermia,  Huttou),  H,  nouleti,  Le  GuiL,  H.  omicron,  Pfr.,  If. 
pachystyla,  Pfr.,  //.  rapida,  Pfr.,  H.  reinga,  Gray,  //.  ruhricata, 
Gould,  H.  suhrugata,  Pfr.,  H.  sultana,  Mori.,  H.  taranaki,  Gray, 
H.  tiara,  Migh.,  H.  vitrea,  Fer.,  Placostylus  miltocheilus,  Reeve, 
Limncea  wilsoni,  Tryon,  Bulinus  pyramidattis,  Sowerby,  B. 
gibbosus,  Gould,  B.  ciimingi,  H.  Ad.,  Cyclotus  macgillivrayi,  Pfr., 
(=  C.  charmian,  Hutt.),  Neritina  zelandica,  Recluz,  N.  Jluviatilis, 
L.,  and  Batissa  violacea,  Lk. 

APPENDIX  II. 

List  of  the  Introduced  Land  and  Freshwater  Shells  of 
New  Zealand. 

Testacella  maugei,  Fer.,  {  =  T.  vagans,  Hutton) ,  Paryphanta 
millegani,  Th\,*  Limax  agrestis,  L.,  (  =  L.  molestus,  Hutton),  L. 
maximus,  L.,  L.  flavus,  L.,  Amalia  antipoda,  Pfr.,  A.  emarginata, 
Hutt.,  A.  fuliginosa,  Gould,  A.  gagates,  Drap.,  Hyalina  celldria, 
Miill.,  //.  alliaria,  Miller,  //.  crystallina,  Mull.,  Avion  ater,  Linn., 
A.  subfxisca,  Drap.,  {  =  A.  incommodus,  Hutt.),  A.  hortensis,  Fer., 
Helix  caperata,  Mont.,  H.  hortensis,  Miill.,  H.  aspersa,  L.,  Gorasia 
tricolor,  Pfr.,  Cochlostyla  dajyhnis,  Brod.,  and  Limncea  stagnalis, 
Linn. 


Probably  P.  xirnula  was  mistaken  for  this. 


666 


SOME  NEW  SOUTH  WALES  PLANTS  ILLUSTRATED. 

By  R.  T.  Bakee,  Assistant  Curator,  Technological  Museum, 
Sydney. 

(Plate  XIII.) 

No.  iv.  Acacia  pruinosa,  A.  Cunn.  B.Fl.  ii.  413. 

The  description  of  this  species  given  in  the  Flora  Australiensis 
(Vol.  ii.  p.  413),  which  concludes  with  the  statement  "Pod  not 
seen,"  may  be  supplemented  as  follows  : — 

Pod  flat,  straight,  4-6  inches  long,  varying  from  ^-J  inch 
wide.  Seeds  longitudinal,  funicle  dilated  into  a  fleshy  oblique 
lateral  aril,  short,  filiform  below  the  seed. 

Hah. — Near  Sydney  and  Liverpool  Plains  (Fl.  Austr.);  Gosford. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE. 
(Plate  XIII.) 
Acacia  2y>'uinosa,  A.  Cunn. 
Fig.  1.— Pod  (nat.  size). 
Fig.  2.— Seed  with  arillus  (  x  2). 
Fig.  3. — Bracts  (enlarged). 
Fig.  4. — Expanded  flower  (enlarged). 
Fig.  5. — Unexpanded  flower  (enlarged). 
Fig.  6.— Pistil  (enlarged). 

Fig.  7.— Back  and  front  views  of  a  stamen  (enlarged). 
Fig.  8. — Pollen  grain  (enlarged). 
Fig.  9.— Portion  of  a  phyllode  (enlarged). 


667 


NOTES   AND   EXHIBITS. 

Mr,  Maiden  sent  for  exhibition  fruiting  specimens  of  Acacia 
vestifa,  Ker., — a  species  which  has  rarely  been  found  in  fruit— 
from  the  southern  coastal  district  of  New  South  Wales. 

Mr.  Rainbow  exhibited  drawings  of  the  spiders  described  in  his 
paper. 

Mr.  Baker  showed  specimens  of  Acacia  pruinosa  in  illustration 
of  his  paper. 

Mr.  Fletcher  exhibited  specimens  of  the  female  galls  of  a  new 
and  remarkable  species  of  Brachyscelis,  which  would  be  described 
by  Mr,  Olliff  at  an  early  date. 


6G8 


WEDNESDAY,  MARCH  29th,  1893. 


ANNUAL  GENERAL  MEETING. 


The  President,  Professor  Haswell,  M.A.,  D.Sc,  in  the  Chair. 

Messrs.  L.  Stephenson,  R.  Murdoch,  A.  H.  S.  Lucas,  and  Captain 
Hynes  were  introduced  as  visitors. 

The    minutes   of    the    last   Annual    Meeting   were   read   and 
confirmed. 


PRESIDENT'S  ADDRESS. 

During  the  fourteen  months  which  have  elapsed  since  the  last 
Annual  General  Meeting  the  Society  may  be  said  to  have  had  a 
season  of  steady  work  and  substantial  progress.  The  ordinary 
meetings  have  been  well  attended,  and  I  think  I  may  say  that  the 
papers  contributed  have  on  the  average  attained  a  very  high  level 
of  excellence.  In  respect  of  bulk,  notwithstanding  a  considerable 
drain  resulting  from  the  simultaneous  publication  of  the  Macleay 
Memorial  Volume,  the  "  Proceedings "  of  the  year  will  be  up  to 
the  average  :  three  parts  have  already  been  issued  and  the  fourth 
is  in  preparation. 

During  the  year  ten  new  members  have  been  elected  :  eleven 
have  been  lost  by  death  or  retirement,  leaving  a  total  of  about  137 
ordinary  members  on  the  roll  of  the  Society. 

It  is  my  painful  duty  to  have  to  record  the  loss  which  the 
Society  has  sustained  during  the  past  year  by  the  deaths  of  six 
ordinary  members — the  Rev.  R.  Collie,  F.L.S.,  the  Rev.  William 
Woolls,  Ph.D.,  F.L.S.,  the  Hon.  Alex.  Dodds,  M.L.C.,  Layman 
M.  Harrison,  J.  N.  Macintosh  and  W.  Neill. 

The  Rev.  R.  Collie,  a  native  of  Aberdeenshire,  came  to  New 
South  Wales  in  1876,  and  was  elected  minister  of  the  Free  Church 
of  Scotland  at  Newtown,  in  which  charge  he  continued  until  his 


president's  address.  669 

death  last  year.  Ho  was  an  enthusiastic  student  of  our  native 
flora,  to  our  knowledge  of  which  he  made  various  contributions. 
He  was  for  five  years  a  member  of  this  Society  and  took  a 
considerable  interest  in  its  meetings.  He  bequeathed  to  it  his 
extensive  herbarium  of  dried  plants,  and  over  a  hundred  books 
on  various  branches  of  natural  history,  many  of  them  valuable 
and  useful  additions  to  the  Society's  library. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  William  Woolls,  long  a  member  and  latterly  a 
Vice-President,  was  well  known  for  his  extensive  and  accurate 
knowledge  of  Australian  Botany.  Born  in  1814  at  Winchester, 
he  came  out  to  this  colony  as  a  lad  of  17,  and  shortly  afterwards 
obtained  a  mastership  in  the  King's  School,  Parramatta.  After- 
wards he  came  to  Sydney  and  engaged  in  journalistic  work  and 
private  tuition  till  he  was  offered  a  classical  mastership  at  the 
Sydney  College.  Later  he  returned  to  Parramatta,  where  he 
opened  a  private  school.  In  1873,  at  the  age  of  59,  he  took  holy 
orders  in  the  Church  of  England,  and  held  for  ten  years  the 
incumbency  and  rural  deanery  of  Richmond.  For  many  years  he 
gave  much  of  his  leisure  to  the  study  of  botany,  and  he  rendered 
valuable  assistance  to  Bentham  and  Mueller  in  collecting  specimens 
to  be  made  use  of  in  the  elaborating  of  their  '^Flora  Australiensis." 
He  obtained  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  the  University  of  Goettingen 
for  his  thesis  on  the  Plants  of  Parramatta.  He  was  the  author  of 
two  volumes  of  essays  on  scientific  and  other  subjects,  and  of 
several  botanical  papers,  some  of  which  have  been  published  in  the 
"  Proceedings  "  of  this  Society. 

Of  the  loss  sustained  by  biological  science  in  the  death  of  the 
veteran  comparative  anatomist,  Sir  Richard  Owen  (whom  this 
Society  honoured  itself  by  electing  an  honorary  member  many 
years  ago),  it  is  scarcely  needful  for  me  to  speak  at  length  on  the 
present  occasion.  A  worthy  estimate  of  Owen's  scientific  work 
and  its  bearing  on  the  progress  of  science  in  Australia  would, 
even  were  I  competent  to  undertake  it,  require  an  Address  or  a 
series  of  Addresses  to  itself.  Let  me,  however,  recall  to  you  the 
fact  that  in  the  rich  record  of  Owen's  half-century  of  scientific 
work  not  a  few  of  the  most  notable  achievements  have  been  epoch- 


670  president's  address. 

making  discoveries  in  the  natural  history  of  Australia  and  New 
Zealand.  The  Austi'alian  mammals  and  the  extinct  birds  of  New 
Zealand  are  the  themes  of  a  large  proportion  of  the  long  list  of 
his  contributions  to  natural  science,  and  the  recorder  of  the  history 
of  discoveiy  in  Australian  zoology  must  rJways  refer  to  the  name 
of  Owen  as  one  of  the  greatest  contributors  to  our  knowledge. 
With  Sydney,  Owen  was  specially  connected  by  his  life-long  friend- 
ship and  correspondence  with  our  veteran  naturalist — Dr.  George 
Bennett. 

Macleay  Memorial  Volume. 

At  the  last  Annual  Meeting  I  had  the  honour  to  bring  before 
you  the  proposal  that  a  Macleay  Memorial  Volume,  containing  a 
series  of  original  contributions  to  science,  should  be  published  in 
honour  of  Sir  William  Macleay's  memory  and  in  recognition  of 
his  eminent  services  to  the  cause  of  science.  The  proposal  met 
with  your  approval,  and  steps  were  at  once  taken  to  have  the 
scheme  carried  into  effect.  A  Publication  Committee,  consisting 
of  Hon.  Dr.  Norton,  Mr.  Etheridge  and  myself,  with  Mr.  Fletcher, 
was  appointed  by  the  Council  and  has  held  frequent  meetings 
during  the  year.  The  appeals  which  were  made  to  the  members 
of  the  Society  and  to  the  general  public  for  contributions  towards 
the  cost  of  the  Memorial  have  resulted  altogether  in  the  sum  of 
about  £240  being  obtained,  which,  though  somewhat  disappoint- 
ing, when  we  consider  the  extent  of  the  liberality  which  we  desire 
to  commemorate,  has  been  sufficient  to  justify  us  in  proceeding 
with  the  work.  This  has  now  approached  very  near  completion, 
under  the  able  editorship  of  Mr.  Fletcher,  and  the  time  has  arrived 
when  it  has  become  necessary  to  come  to  a  definite  understanding 
with  regard  to  this  Volume  and  the  relations  which  it  is  to  bear 
to  the  Society, 

The  contents  of  the  Volume,  of  which  a  copy  comprising  all 
except  the  Preface  and  Introduction  and  two  papers,  which  are 
not  yet  in  type,  is  placed  on  the  table,  will  be  as  follows : — 

Frontispiece.  Portrait  of  Sir  William  Macleay,  reproduced  by 
Freeman  from  a  photograph  by  the  platinotype  process. 


president's  address.  G71 

I.  Preface,  setting  forth  briefly  the  design  and  objects  of  the 
Memorial,  with  a  list  of  the  names  of  the  Subscribers. 

II.  Biographical  Memoir  of  Sir  William  Macleay,  written  by 
Mr.  Fletcher. 

III.  Contributions  to  a  knowledge  of  Ceratodus.  Part  i.  The 
Blood-vessels.     By  Professor  W.  Baldwin  Spencer,  34  pp. 

IV.  On  the  Pliocene  Mollusca  of  New  Zealand.  By  Professor 
F.  W.  Hutton,  F.R.S.,  57  pp. 

V.  A  monograph  of  the  Temnocephaleaj.  By  Professor  W.  A. 
Haswell,  60  pp. 

VI.  On  an  apparently  new  type  of  the  Platyhelrainthes 
(Trematoda?).     By  Professor  W.  A.  Haswell,  5  pp. 

VII.  On  the  muscular  anatomy  of  Palinurus  Edtvardsii, 
Hutton.  By  Professor  T.  Jeffery  Parker,  F.R.S.,  and  Josephine 
Gordon  Rich,  18  pp. 

VIII.  On  the  anatomy  of  the  muzzle  of  Ornithorhynchus.  By 
Professor  J.  T.  Wilson  and  Dr.  C.  J.  Martin,  10  pp. 

IX.  On  rod-like  tactile  organs  in  the  muzzle  of  Ornithorhynclms. 
By  Professor  J.  T.  Wilson  and  Dr.  C.  J.  Martin,  11  pp. 

X.  On  Parmacochlea  Fischeri,  Smith.     By  C.  J.  Hedley,  3  pp. 

XI.  On  the  geographical  relations  of  the  floras  of  Norfolk  and 
Lord  Howe  Islands.     By  Professor  Ralph  Tate,  16  pp. 

XII.  On  an  undescribed  Acacia  from  New  South  Wales.  By 
Baron  Sir  Ferdinand  von  Mueller,  F.R.S.,  4  pp. 

XIII.  Description  of  a  new  Hakea  from  Eastern  New  South 
Wales.  By  Baron  Sir  Ferdinand  von  Mueller,  F.R.S.,  and  J.  H. 
Maiden,  F.L.S.,  2  pp. 

XIV.  A  description  of  some  of  the  implements  and  weapons 
of  the  Alligator  Tribe,  Port  Essington,  N.A.  By  R.  Etheridge, 
junr.,  about  20  pp. 

The  work  wall  be  illustrated  by  thirty-five  plates,  which  have, 
in  the  majority  of  cases,  been  lithographed  by  R.  Wendel,  and 
printed  by  Messi's.  Troedel,  and  are,  as  I  consider,  very  satis- 
factorily executed. 


672  president's  address. 


New  Rules. 


In  August  of  last  year  a  sub-committee,  consisting  of  the  Hon. 
Dr.  Norton,  Mr.  Fletcher,  and  myself,  was  appointed  in  order  to 
draw  up  anew  set  of  Rules  for  the  Society.  A  draft  of  these  was 
submitted  to  the  Council  and  passed  with  a  few  modifications. 
At  a  general  meeting  called  for  the  purpose  on  December  21st 
these  proposed  new  Rules  were  discussed,  some  amendments  intro- 
duced, and  the  Rules  as  amended  were  finally  adopted  at  a  general 
meeting  held  on  the  29th  December. 

One  of  the  chief  new  provisions  is  the  institution  of  a  recess  in 
the  monthly  meetings  of  the  Society  during  the  months  of 
December,  January,  and  February.  This  is  a  reform  which 
was  greatly  needed;  and,  though  the  number  of  monthly  meetings 
will  thus  be  reduced,  I  have  little  doubt  that  the  Society  will 
actually  gain  as  regards  the  total  value  and  interest  of  the  work 
done. 

It  has  also  been  decided  to  do  away  with  the  office  of  Hon. 
Secretary — an  office  which,  with  the  present  Permanent  Secretary, 
meant  nothing,  and  involved  no  work.  The  number  of  Members 
of  Council  not  office-bearers  has  been  raised  to  twelve,  and  a 
quorum  of  not  less  than  five  has  been  fixed  for  the  minimum  for 
the  ti-ansaction  of  business. 

It  has  been  decided  also  to  raise  the  entrance-fee  for  all 
ordinary  members  to  two  guineas,  and  to  make  the  subscription 
for  all  after  1893  one  guinea.  A  few  new  Rules  relating  to 
minor  matters,  and  a  few  modifications  of  the  formerly  existing 
RuleS;  have  been  introduced ;  but  none  of  these  are  of  sufficient 
importance  to  call  for  remark  at  present.  Copies  of  these  new 
Rules  with  an  amended  list  of  members  will  shortly  be  in  your 
hands. 

JResume  of  Recent  Work. 

Since  it  has  been  customary  for  the  President  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  New  South  Wales  to  give  annually  a  genei-al  account 
of  the  scientific  work  done  within  the  Colony  during  the  year,  and 
since  this  will  shortly  be  ably  done  by  my  friend  Professor  Warren, 


president's  address.  073 

1  decided  to  make  the  subject  of  this,  my  second  Presidential 
Address  to  this  Society,  an  account  of  any  important  additions  to 
biological  knowledge  that  had  been  made  in  other  countries  in 
the  course  of  the  last  twelve  months  or  so.  But  before  I  had 
made  much  progress  with  this,  I  found  that  any  attempt  at  a 
comprehensive  review  of  the  history  of  Biology  during  the  period 
would  be  entirely  out  of  the  question :  it  would  demand,  among 
other  things,  a  more  complete  command  of  the  literature  of  the- 
subject  than  is  attainable  in  Australia,  it  would  require  more  time 
than  I  had  left  for  it,  and  it  would  take  one  far  beyond  all 
reasonable  limits  for  an  address  of  this  kind.  I  have,  therefore, 
thought  it  better  to  confine  myself  to  two  subjects,  viz.,  "  Recent 
views  on  the  structure  of  protoplasm  and  the  significance  of  the 
various  parts  of  the  cell";  and  "Recent  work  on  the  Marsupials 
and  Monotremes,"  the  former  as  being  one  of  the  questions  of  the 
day  with  biologists  in  general,  the  latter  as  being  of  special 
interest  to  those  of  us  who  have  the  fortune  to  be  resident  in 
Australia. 

Recent  views  on  the  structure  op  protoplasm  and  the  signi- 
ficance OF  the  various  parts  of  the  cell. 

Stimulated  in  part,  without  doubt,  by  the  publications  of  the 
great  German  theorist  Weismann  and  his  disciples  and  critics  or 
opponents,  research  and  discussion  on  cell-structure  and  the 
various  phases  of  cell-division  has  been  fairly  active  during  the  last 
year  or  two.  Attention  has  been  attracted  to  the  importance  of 
determining  more  detinitely  the  meaning  and  functions  of  the 
various  parts  of  the  cell ;  and.  some  definite  progress  has 
undoubtedly  been  made  of  late  in  our  knowledge  of  the  relative 
importance  in  connection  with  nutrition,  movement,  regeneration 
of  lost  parts  and  reproduction,  of  the  difi"erent  parts  of  the  animal 
and  plant  cell.  The  position  of  predominance  not  long  ago  accorded 
to  the  nucleus  by  almost  all  biologists  has,  in  the  view  of  many, 
become  less  assured.  Formerly  the  nucleus  was  regarded  as  the 
physiologically  essential  part  of  the  cell,  the  cytoplasm  or  protoplasm 
of  the  body  of  the  cell  serving  mainly  as  a  storehouse  of  nutriment 


674  president's  address. 

and  a  field  in  which  the  activities  of  the  nucleus  could  be  exer- 
cised, not  capable  of  initiating  any  important  changes,  and  taking 
only  a  passive  part  in  cell-multiplication  and  reproduction.  Cer- 
tain changes  which  take  place  in  the  cell-})rotoplasm  during  these 
processes  were  usually  supposed  to  be  brought  about  more  or  less 
mechanically  as  a  result  of  the  changes  that  take  place  in  the 
nucleus  itself.  The  appearance  of  the  bodies  termed  "attraction 
spheres"  and  "  centrosomes"  first  discovered  by  E.  van  Beneden,* 
with  the  nuclear  spindle,  was  regarded  as  a  phenomenon  quite 
subordinate  in  importance  to  the  division  of  the  chromatin  sub- 
stance of  the  nucleus  itself.  But  since  it  has  been  shown  that 
the  centrosomes  and  attraction-spheres  become  prominent  before 
the  chromosomes  actuallyfundergo  division,  and  particularly  since 
it  has  been  found  that  the  attraction-spheres  and  central  corpuscles 
are  capable  of  determination  in  cells  which  do  not  multiply 
mitotically,'!'  it  has  seemed  probable  to  the  majority  of  the  investi- 
gators of  cell-structure  that  in  these  bodies  we  may  have  to 
recognise  independent  centres  of  activity  within  the  cell  apart 
from  the  nucleus.  Moreover  the  behaviour  of  these  bodies  during 
mitotic  cell-division  appears  to  indicate  in  no  uncertain  manner 
that  they  have  a  part  of  importance  to  play  in  the  process.  The 
fibrillse  of  the  spindle  appear  to  go  out  from  the  centrosomes  to 
become  connected  with  the  chromosomes,  and  it  seems  to  be  by  a 
movement  of  contraction  of  these  fibrils  that  the  two  sets  of 
divided  chromosomes  are  drawn  apart  towards  the  poles  of  the 
spindle.  Flemming  in  a  recent  addressj  expresses  himself  in  the 
following  terms  with  reference  to  the  importance  of  these  bodies  : 
— "  Wir    haben    die    Aussicht    dass    an    die    Kenntniss    dieser 

*  "  Recherches  siir  la  maturation  cle  I'ceuf,  la  f^condation  et  la  division 
cellulaire"  (1883) ;  and  Van  Beneden  et  Neyt,  "Nouvelles  recherches  sur  la 
fecondation  et  la  division  mitosique."     Mem.  Acad.  Roy.  Belg.  1887. 

t  First  by  Flemming  ("  Attraktionsphiiren  und  Centralkurpes  in  Gewebs- 
zellen  und  Wandei'zellen,"  Anat.  Anz.  VI.  1891) ;  afterwards  confirmed  by 
Heidenhain  ("  Ueber  die  Centralkorperchen  und  Attraktionsphiiren  der 
Zellen,"  Anat.  Anz.  VI.  (1891). 

J  "  Ueber  Zelltheilung,"  Verhandl.  d.  Deutsch.  Anat.  Gesellsch.  1891. 


president's  address.  675 

neugefiindenen  Organe  der  Zelle,  Sphare  und  CentralkcJrper  sicb 
noch  viel  weitere  Aufschlusse  iiber  das  Zellenleben  ankniipfeu 
werdeii ;  und  wenn  man  jetzt  nahe  am  Ende  dieses  Jahrhunderts 
wagen  will,  ein  wenig  in  das  folgende  hineinzuprophezieren,  so 
diirfte  sich  sagen  lassen  dass  wahrscheinlich  um  1933,  wenn  niclit 
viel  friiher,  die  Entdeckung  der  Spharen  und  Centralkorper 
durch  van  Beneden  in  der  Geschichte  der  Biologic  einen  ebenso 
denkwiirdigen  Platz,  vielleiclit  einen  wichtigeren  einnehmen  wird, 
als  die  Entdeckung  des  Zellkerues  vom  Jahre  1833." 

A  similar  view  of  the  importance  of  these  structures  is  taken 
by  Guignard*  as  a  result  of  his  study  of  their  occurrence  and 
history  in  the  cells  of  plants.  "  Au  total  la  partie  fondamentale 
dans  I'etude  morphologique  de  la  fecondation  parait  resolue ;  le 
phenomene  n'est  pas,  comme  on  avait  cru  pouvoir  admettre 
jusqu'ici  de  nature  purement  nucleaire ;  il  ne  cousiste  pas  simple- 
ment  dans  I'union  de  deux  noyaux  d'origine  sexuelle  difierente, 
mais  aussi  dans  la  fusion  de  deux  corps  protoplasmatiques  dont 
les  elements  essentiels  sont  les  spheres  directrices  de  la  cellule 
male  et  la  cellule  femelle."  f 

This  generally  accepted  view  of  the  importance  of  the  centro- 
somes  has  been  recently  opposed  by  Burger.  (|)  He  expounds 
and  defends  the  view  that  the  centrosomes  and  attraction-spheres 
are  not  organs  of  the  cell,  but  are  structures  of  no  special  signifi- 
cance, the  appearance  of  which  is  due  to  the  attraction  exerted  on 
one  another  by  the  microsomata  or  granules  of  the  protoplasm. 
These  would,  he  holds,  be  drawn  in  towards  a  centre  by  the 
supposed  attractive  force,  but  would  become  so  closely  crowded  at 
a  certain  point  that  their  further  passage  towards  the  centre 
would  be  prevented,  and  we  should  have  a  clear  central  space 
without  microsomata  surrounded  by  a  compact  zone  of  these 
bodies.     The  fact  that  the  centrosomes  are  stained  more  darkly 

*  "  Sur  I'existence  des  '  spheres  attractives' dans  les  cellules  vegetales." 
C.R.,  T.  112. 

t  Annales  des  sciences  naturelles,  Botanique,  1891. 

t  "Was  sind  die  Attraktionsphare  und  ihre  Centralkorper?"  Anat. 
Anzeiger,  VII.  (1892). 


676  president's  address. 

than  the  ordinary  substance  of  the  cell  he  explains  by  the  suppo- 
sition that,  by  the  pressure  exerted  by  the  zone  of  microsomes 
attracted  towards  the  centre,  the  protoplasm  of  this  central  part 
is  in  a  more  condensed  condition  than  in  other  parts  of  the  cell. 

Some  objections  to  this  view  of  the  matter  have  been  well 
expressed  by  Fick.*  It  seems  assailable  on  many  grounds. 
In  the  first  place,  it  assumes  the  operation  of  a  force  for  the 
existence  of  which  there  is  no  evidence.  This  attraction  between 
the  microsomes  is  not  a  molecular  force — the  microsomes  being 
bodies  of  (comparatively  speaking)  large  size.  What  then  is  it? 
But,  even  if  we  admit  the  operation  of  this  force,  it  seems  to  me 
very  unlikely  that  it  would  act  in  the  manner  supposed.  The 
effect  of  such  an  attraction  would  inevitably  be  the  formation  of 
groups  having  a  compact  central  part.  If  the  arrangement  round 
a  central  space  occurred  it  would  be  an  unstable  condition,  and 
vei'y  readily  disturbed.  In  such  a  hollow  sphere  of  microsomata, 
kept  in  equilibrium  by  mutual  pressure,  moreover,  there  would 
not,  it  appears  to  me,  be  any  pressure  exerted  on  the  protoplasm 
of  the  central  space  sufficient  to  increase  its  density. 

But  the  strongest  evidence  against  this  ingenious  theory  is 
afforded  by  the  observations  that  have  been  made,  in  the  case  of 
cells  of  many  different  kinds,  on  the  history  of  these  bodies,  and 
their  evident  relations  to  the  process  of  nuclear  division.  For 
why  should  mere  hollow  spheres  of  granules  of  no  functional 
importance  within  the  cell,  but  drawn  together  by  some  unknown 
form  of  force,  divide  as  the  centrosomes  are  seen  to  do  with 
perfect  regularity  at  a  certain  stage  in  the  process  of  division  of 
the  cell  1 

There  is  then  good  reason  for  the  view  that  the  centrosomes  and 
attraction-spheres,  with  the  spindle  fibres  that  proceed  from  them, 
are  of  importance  in  the  phenomenon  of  cell-division  ;  and  accord- 
ing to  Rabl  and  other  recent  writers  they  form  the  actual  vital 
centres  of  the  cell. 

*  "  Benierkungen  zi;  0.  Biirger's  Erklarungsversuch  der  Attraktions- 
sphiiren."     Anat.  Anz.  VII.  (1892). 


PRESIDENT  S    ADDRESS.  b  /  / 

The  significance  of  these  bodies  in  the  phenomena  of  impregna- 
tion has  been  universally  recognised  since  the  publication  of  Fol's* 
brilliant  observations,  and  Guignard's  more  recent  discoveries 
have  proved  that  they  play  a  precisely  analogous  part  in  the 
fertilisation  or  lowering  plants. f  They  have  been  fou.nd  to  occur 
in  the  ova  of  a  variety  of  animals  from  the  earlie.st  stages  of  their 
development,  and  they  have  also  been  detected  in  the  male  sexual 
cells,  and  recently  in  the  spermatozoa  themselves.  Thus  the  view 
that,  as  the  spermatozoon  is  little  more  than  a  nucleus,  the  nucleus 
must  be  all-important  in  reproduction  and  inheritance  has  been 
gradually  losing  ground  ;  with  the  entry  of  the  spermatozoon 
there  appears  within  the  ovum  not  only  the  male  pronucleus,  but 
also  a  male  centi'osome  which  is  in  all  probability  derived  from 
the  cytoplasmic  part  of  the  spermatozoon  ;  and  this  would  appear 
to  take  part  equally  with  the  male  pronucleus  in  bringing  about 
fertilisation.  Guignard's  general  conclusion  from  his  observation 
of  the  behaviour  of  these  bodies  in  the  fertilisation  of  plants  is  that 
fecundation  consists  "  not  only  in  the  copulation  of  two  nuclei  of 
different  sexual  origin,  but  also  in  the  fusion  of  two  protoplasms 
likewise  of  different  origin  represented  essentially  by  the  attrac. 
tion-spheres  of  the  male  and  female  cells." 

On  the  other  hand  a  good  many  observations  and  experiments 
on  the  Protozoa  seem  to  point  to  the  importance  of  the  nucleus  in 
that  group  in  connection  with  the  regeneration  of  lost  parts. 
But  here  we  meet  with  apparent  contradictions,  for  while  BalbianiJ 
states  that  regeneration  takes  place  in  Stentor  only  in  the  case  of 
portions  that  contain  a  part  of  the  nucleus,  Gruber§  finds  that 
when  spontaneous  fission  has  been  once  initiated,  if  a  transverse 
section   be  made  so  that  none  of    the   nucleus   remains   in  the 

*  "Die  'Centrenquadrille,'  eine  neue  Episode  aus  der  Befruchtungsge- 
schichte."     Anat.  Anz.  VI.  (1891). 

t  "Sur  la  nature  morphologique  du  ph^nomfene  de  la  f(5condation." 
Comptes  Rendus,  T.  112,  p.  1320. 

X  Annales  de  Micrographie,  iv.  (1892).  Abstract  in  the  Journal  of  the 
Royal  Micros.  Soc.  Dec.  1892. 

§  "  Ueber  kiinstliche  Theilung  bei  Infusorien."  Biol.  Centralbl  iv,  and  v. 


678  president's  address. 

anterior  portion,  the  latter,  though  devoid  of  nuclear  substance, 
will  form  a  complete  animal.  If  we  accept  both  of  these  sets  of 
observations  as  correct  they  lead  to  the  important  result  that, 
while  under  normal  circumstances  regeneration  does  not  take 
place  in  the  absence  of  a  nucleus,  yet,  when  spontaneous  fission  is 
about  to  take  place,  something  of  unknown  nature  is  formed  or 
separated  which,  though  not  a  nucleus,  is  capable  after  artificial 
fission  of  giving  rise  to  a  new  nucleus  in  the  non-nucleated  part. 
This  observation  of  Gruber's  in  fact  throvvs  a  serious  difliculty 
in  the  way  of  the  unreserved  acceptance  of  the  general  principle 
laid  down  by  him  in  the  earlier  of  the  two  papers  referred  to  : — 
"Zellplasma  kann  anscheinend  immer  nur  seinesgleichen,  nie  aber 
Kernplasma  hervorbringen ;  das  letztere  ist  mit  anderen  Worten 
kein  Umwandlungsprodukt  des  erstern,  und  damit  miisste  auch 
die  Moglichkeit  freier  Kernbildung  ausgeschlossen  sein."  For 
here  appears  to  be  a  case  in  which  nuclear  substance  is  formed 
from  cell-protoplasm. 

So  far  as  recorded  observations  go'it  is  the  chromatin  substance, 
not  of  the  nucleus  itself,  but  of  the  relatively  insignificant  para- 
nucleus, that  is  of  importance  in  the  conjugation  of  the  Infusoria, 
and  it  has  not  been  shown  that  any  centrosomes  take  part  in  the 
process.  But  little  of  importance  seems  to  have  been  added  to 
our  knowledge  of  this  part  of  the  subject  since  the  date  of  Maupas' 
remarkable  observations. 

During  the  maturation  of  the  ovum  and  the  genesis  of  the 
sperm-cell  it  was  observed  some  years  ago  in  the  case  of  Ascaris 
by  Hertwig*,  and  more  recently  in  the  case  of  a  hemipterous 
insect  by  Henkingf,  that  there  is  a  reduction  of  the  number  of 
chromosomes  by  a  half.  Though  it  is  diflicult  to  decide  in  the 
present  state  of  our  knowledge  what  deductions  to  draw  from  this 
remarkable  fact,  the  investigations  of  Gruignard,  leading  to  the 
result  that  a  precisely  corresponding  reduction  takes  place  in  the 
case  of  plants,  seem  to  prove  that  it  has  a  deep  morphological  or 
physiological  significance. 

*  Arch.  f.  Mikro.  Anat.  1890. 
+  Zeitschr.  f.  wiss.  Zool.  1891. 


president's  address.  679 

Some  difference  of  opinion  still  exists  with  regard  to  the 
derivation  of  the  spindle — whether  it  is  formed  from  the 
acliroinatin  network  of  the  nucleus  or  from  matter  which  passes 
in  from  the  extra-nuclear  cytoplasm  ;  but  the  preponderance  of 
evidence  and  of  authority  would  appear  to  be  in  favour  of  the 
latter  view — at  least  as  regards  the  greater  part  of  the  spindle. 

Some  cases  which  have  been  observed  in  the  Protozoa  seem  at 
first  sight  to  point  in  an  opposite  direction  ;  in  these  instances  the 
nuclear  membrane  does  not  disappear  on  division,  and  the  spindle 
fibres  appear  within  it ;  but  there  is  nothing  to  show  that  these 
spindle  fibres,  growing  out  from  the  centrosomes,  do  not  perforate 
the  nuclear  membrane  and  thus  reach  the  interior  of  the  nucleus. 

These  complicated  changes  in  the  chromosomes,  centrosomes, 
and  atti'action-spheres  that  accompany  cell-division  are,  as  is 
well  known,  not  always  observable  when  a  cell  divides.  Besides 
the  complex  mitotic  cell-division,  we  find  in  many  instances  a 
simple  or  amitotic  form,  in  which  the  nucleus  simply  becomes 
constricted  into  two  parts,  which  separate  from  one  another  as  the 
cell  divides.  Now,  as  this  amitotic  form  of  nuclear  division  is 
found  to  be  constant  in  certain  kinds  of  cells  under  certain  condi- 
tion's, the  question  naturally  arises — To  what  is  this  due  1  Why 
should  one  set  of  cells  divide  constantly  in  one  way  and  others  in 
another  ?  What  special  purpose  is  served  by  the  more  complex 
kind  of  division,  and  what  are  the  conditions  which  render  it 
unnecessary  1  Various  attempts  to  answer  this  question  have 
been  made  in  the  course  of  the  past  year. 

Flemming  regards  as  admissible  the  conception  that  only  the 
mitotic  form  of  nuclear  division  leads  to  physiological  increase  and 
regeneration  of  cells,  while  the  amitotic  fragmentation  of  the 
nucleus,  with  or  without  the  division  of  the  cells,  represents  either 
a  degeneration  or  an  aberration,  or  perhaps  in  many  cases  aids  in 
the  cellular  metabolism  by  increase  in  the  periphery  of  the  nucleus. 

Ziegler*  expresses  somewhat  similar  views.  To  these  he  was 
led  first  by  the  study  of  the  periblast  of   bony  fishes,  in  which 

*  "  Die  biologische  Bedeutung  der  amitotischen  (direkten)  Kerntheihing 
ini  Thierreich."     Biol.  Centralbl.  1891. 
46 


680  president's  address. 

during  segmentation  the  nuclei  divide  with  caryokinesis,  while 
later,  when  the  cells  have  definitely  assumed  the  function  of 
taking  up  the  nutrient  matter  of  the  yolk,  divisioii  is  always 
direct. 

In  general  Ziegler  concludes  that  fragmentation  (which  term  he 
uses  as  the  equivalent  of  direct  nuclear  division),  takes  place  in  the 
case  of  cells  which  do  not  divide  any  more,  or  in  protoplasm- 
masses  which  have  been  produced  by  imperfect  cell-division.  Its 
appearance  is  dependent  on  the  fact  that  the  cell  is  becoming 
specialised — adapted  to  a  particular  function.  The  nuclei  are 
degenerate  inasmuch  as  the  cell  is  capable  of  no  further  division, 
and,  as  a  result,  cannot  take  part  mor[)hologically  in  the  further 
building  up  of  the  embryo,  or  in  the  phenomena  of  re-generation. 
The  appearance  of  amitotic  nuclear  division,  according  to  Ziegler, 
always  indicates  the  end  of  the  series  of  divisions.  It  is  very 
unlikely  that  nuclei  which  once  come  to  divide  amitotically  will 
ever  again  .divide  with  mitosis.  As  a  rule,  he  holds,  the  amitotin 
nuclear  division  is  not  followed  by  cell-division. 

The  nuclei  which  divide  amitotically  are  always  characterised 
by  their  specially  large  size,  and  in  cells  with  such  meganuclei 
there  always  goes  on  a  particularly  active  process  of  secretion  or 
assimilation. 

Ziegler  adduces  a  number  of  cases  of  amitotic  cell-division  in 
both  vertebrates  and  invertebrates  which,  he  maintains,  tend  to 
bear  out  his  view. 

Lowit*  dissents  altogether  from  Ziegler's  view  that  dii'ect  division 
of  nuclei  indicates  the  termination  of  the  series  of  divisions,  and 
states  that  in  the  blood-cells  of  the  crayfish  and  the  leucocyte 
elements  of  the  rabbit's  lymph  he  has  observed  amitotic  cell- 
division  leading  to  a  true  new  formation  of  cells.  He  distinguishes 
between  a  process  of  fragmentation  which  is  degenerative,  and  a 
process  of  direct  nuclear  division  which  is  not. 

*  "  Ueber  amitotische  Kerntheilung.'"     Biol.  Centralbl.  1891. 


president's  address.  681 

Verson*  and  Frenzelf  also  adduce  particular  cases  of  direct 
nuclear  division  which,  as  they  maintain,  are  incapable  of  being 
ex[)]ained  in  accordance  with  Ziegler's  view. 

BiitschliJ  has  reiterated  and  reinforced  in  the  course  of  the 
last  year  the  arguments  in  favour  of  his  view  of  the  nature  of 
protoplasm.  By  his  experiments  with  certain  "  emulsions,"  first 
described  by  him  several  years  ago,  he  claimed  to  have  efiected 
something  towards  elucidating  the  real  nature  of  living  protoplasm, 
and  also  towards  explaining  as  purely  physical  and  chemical  some 
of  the  phenomena  characteristic  of  living  protoplasm,  and  commonly 
set  down  as  manifestations  of  purely  vital  forces. 

Biitschli's  method  of  experimenting  is  now  well  known.  With 
thickened  olive  oil  is  mixed  finely  powdered  carbonate  of  potash. 
When  a  drop  of  this  mixture  is  placed  on  a  slide  and  covered  with 
a  cover-glass,  under  which  water  is  run,  it  exhibits,  when  examined 
under  the  microscope,  remarkable  streaming  movements  resulting 
in  change  of  shape  and  of  position,  so  that  it  bears  some  resem- 
blance to  a  gigantic  living  Amoeba.  The  drop  has  a  vesicular  or 
frothy  character  owing  to  its  consisting  of  numerous  minute 
vesicles  containing  soapy  substance  separated  by  thin  layers  of  oil. 

We  have  here  a  very  complex  system  of  contending  surface 
tensions,  a  system  in  which  very  slight  influences  acting  from  the 
outside,  such  as  currents  in  the  surrounding  water,  may  alter  the 
balance  of  the  whole  ;  some  of  the  superficial  vesicles  burst ;  this 
disturbs  the  balance  of  the  tensions  in  the  neighbouring  parts, 
and  the  disturbance  passes  through  the  drop,  with  the  result  that 
a  streaming  movement  is  brought  about,  and  a  resulting  change 
of  shape. 

It  is  contended  that  the  movements  of  living  protoplasm  are  in 
some  cases  so  like  those  of  this  artificial  representative  that  the 
former  is  probably  similar  as  regards  its  general  physical  condition 

*  Biol.  Centralbl.  1891,  p.  556. 

t  "  Zur  Bedeutung  der  amitotischen  (dh-ekten)  Kerntheiluug."  Biol. 
Centralbl.  1891. 

J  "  Untersuchungen  iiber  mikroskopische  Schiiunie  und  das  Proto- 
plasma." 


682  president's  address. 

to  the  latter.  The  structure  of  protoplasm  is  vesicular  or  frothy ^ 
and  its  movements  are  due  to  purely  mechanical  forces  similar  to 
those  that  operate  in  bringing  about  the  movements  in  our  drop 
of  frothy  emulsion. 

That  the  probability  of  this  is  established  as  regards  some  forms 
of  protoplasm  and  some  protoplasmic  movements  can  hardly  be 
doubted.  But  there  is  danger  lest  we  imagine  that  this  conclusion 
cai'ries  more  with  it  than  it  really  does.  It  is  important  to  know 
that  some  of  the  movements  of  protoplasm  can  be  explained  in  this 
way ;  but  in  accepting  this  explanation  we  must  guard  against 
the  idea  that  we  are  thei'eby  making  an  important  step  in  the 
direction  of  destroying  the  conception  of  vitality  as  distinguished 
from  a  peculiarly  subtle  and  complex  combination  of  chemical  and 
physical  forces.  The  only  conclusion  that  the  vitalist  will  admit 
to  be  capable  of  being  legitimately  drawn  from  such  experiments 
is  that  some  of  the  movements  of  living  protoplasm  may  not  be 
vital. 

That  protoplasm  is  in  many  cases  of  a  vesicular,  alveolar,  or,  as 
Prof.  Biitschli  prefers  to  call  it,  foamy,  nature  will  be  granted 
readily  enough  by  all  who  have  given  attention  to  the  subject. 
But  that  all  that  we  observe  of  structure  in  the  cell — whether  of 
the  lowest  organisms  or  of  the  highest — is  brought  about  merely 
by  this  vesicular  arrangement,  is  not  to  be  so  readily  conceded. 
When  we  come  to  take  special  cases  and  to  attempt  to  interpret 
them  in  accordance  with  this  theory,  we  soon  come  to  meet 
with  many  difficulties.  That  some  part  of  what  we  often  take 
for  reticulate  and  fibrous  structure  may  really  be  due  to  the 
vesicular  nature  of  the  protoplasm  is  probable  enough ;  it  may 
also  be  conceded  that  some  of  the  striations  observable  in  the  cell 
may  have  resulted  from  x-egular  streaming  movements  of  the 
protoplasm  leaving  rows  of  vesicles ;  but  a  wide  difference  exists 
between  admitting  this  and  subscribing  to  the  view  that  all 
cytoplasmic  structure  is  capable  of  this  explanation. 

For  in  examining  specialised  cells  of  a  size  to  render  their  study 
favourable  for  the  interpretation  of  minute  structure,  we  find 
appearances  which,  as  it  seems  to  me,  are  not  capable  of  being 


president's  address.  683 

interpreted  in  the  manner  proposed  :  appearances  which,  being 
constant  for  the  same  cell  under  varying  methods  of  treatment, 
cannot  be  produced  by  the  action  of  re-agents.*  If  such  a  cell  is 
watched  while  some  fixing  agent  of  a  favourable  character  is 
applied  to  it,  the  new  features  which  come  out  appear,  not  like 
something  brought  about  by  precipitation  or  streaming  of  vesicles, 
in  which  case  some  trace  of  the  movements  would  surely  be 
capable  of  detection,  but  very  much  in  the  same  way  as  the 
features  of  a  landscape  come  gradually  into  view  at  dawn.  No 
part  of  the  structure  seems  to  be  manufactured  before  our  eyes  ; 
it  merely  gradually  emerges  into  view.  Thus  we  get  regularly 
arranged  systems  of  lines  which,  if  they  ai-e  not  networks  of  fibrils, 
are  certainly  very  unlike  division-walls  between  series  of  vesicles, 
and  arrangements  of  definite  granules  which  are  equally  impossible 
of  interpretation  in  accordance  with  Biitschli's  theory.  We  find, 
moreover,  in  the  cytoplasm  certain  bodies  of  a  definite  nature 
which  are  observed  to  go  through  certain  well-defined  series  of 
changes,  some  of  which  entail  movements  of  a  restricted  and 
definite  character.  How  are  we  to  explain  the  phenomena  of 
karyokinesis  in  the  absence  of  any  fibrils  or  other  guiding  and 
contracting  elements  within  the  cell  1 

This  view  of  the  matter  has  been  forcibly  put  by  Flemming : — 
"  Ich  befinde  mich  in  Einklang  mit  Kupflfer  in  der  Meinung  dass 
wir  in  der  That  guten  Grund  haben  hier  wirkliche  wenn  auch 
naturlich  nicht  starre  sondern  vital  verandorliche  Bauverhaltnisse 
anzunehmen,  nicht  aber,  wie  andere  meinen,  eine  emulsionartige 
Masse,  in  der  Stromungen  und  Kornchenaufreihungen  kommen 
und  schwinden."f 

Moreover  the  definiteness  of  form  observable  in  most  unicellular 
animals,  and  most  cells  of  multicellular,  seems  to  require  some 
other  internal  structure  than  mere  vesicles.  In  the  absence  in 
many  cases  of  an  external  stifli"  enclosing  layer,  how  are  we  to 

*  Apathy  in  a  paper  "  Ueber  die  Schaumstruktur  hauptsiichlich  bei 
Muskel-  und  Nervenfasern"  (Biol.  Centralbl.  11,  1891)  denies  that  such 
alveolar  or  frothy  structure  exists  in  nerve  or  muscle  fibres. 

t  "  Ueber  Zelltheilung,"  Verhandl.  der  deutsch.  Anat.  Gesellsch.  1891. 


684  president's  address. 

account  for  a  return  to  a  certain  shape  after  the  under^^oing  of 
active  or  passive  changes  of  form  1 

When  the  vesicular  theory  of  cell-structure  is  applied  to  the 
nucleus  it  meets  with  still  greater  difficulties.  Flemming*'  has 
lately  protested  against  the  view  that  the  appearances  in  nuclei 
described  by  himself  and  others  are  due  to  post-mortem  changes. 
In  the  living  condition,  in  very  many  cases  the  nucleus  appears 
quite  clear  and  devoid  of  structure,  except  that  perhaps  a  nucleolus 
may  be  distinguishable.  The  internal  structure  only  becomes 
visible  gradually  if  no  re-agents  are  employed,  more  suddenly 
under  the  action  of  acetic  acid.  The  structure  becomes  visible 
only  post-mortem,  but  is  not  to  be  regarded  on  that  account  as 
artificial.  Under  the  action  of  acetic  acid  the  granules  and 
threads  start  into  view  in  a  manner  which  proves  that  they  cannot 
be  formed  by  movement  and  re-arrangement  of  the  nuclear 
substance.  And  in  some  nuclei  these  structures  are  visible  in  the 
living  condition  of  the  cell  without  the  use  of  re-agents. 

But  the  difficulties  in  the  way  of  aecepting  Biitschli's  conclusions 
as  sufficient  become  most  manifest  when  we  consider  the  case  of  the 
ovnm.  It  is  difficult  to  be  satisfied  with  a  view  of  cell-structure 
which  would  lead  to  the  conclusion  that  the  difference  between 
the  ovum  of  an  Echinoderm  and  that  of  a  Mammal  is  merely  a 
difTerence  in  the  chemical  composition  of  the  protoplasm,  and, 
•structurally,  in  the  size  and  disposition  of  the  bubbles  or  vesicles. 
To  account  for  the  differences  in  the  developmental  history  we 
need  something,  call  it  what  you  may — physiological  molecule, 
micella,  idioblast — between  the  chemical  molecule  and  the  vesicle, 
something  the  special  properties  of  which  determine  the  direction 
of  the  development. 

Altmannf  has  recently  published  a  short  paper  which  may  be 
regarded  as  a  supplement  to  his  work  "  Die  Elementarorganismen 
und  ihre  Beziehungen  zu  den  Zellen,"  issued  two  years  ago.     He 

*  "  Ueber  Unsichtbarkeit  lebendiger  Kernstrukturen."  Anat.  Ar.zeiger, 
1S92. 

+  "  Ein  Beitrag  zur  Granulalehre."  Verhandl.  Anat.  Gesellsch.  1892, 
pp.  220-223. 


president's  address.  685 

here  gives  an  account  of  a  method  specially  acla[)ted  for  bringing 
out  distinctly  the  intergranular  network  of  the  nucleus.  As  a 
result  of  the  employment  of  this  method  of  preparation  he  claims 
to  have  demonstrated  that  tlie  coarser  trabecular  networks  of 
various  authors  exist  only  as  local  thickenings  of  this  inter- 
granular network  ;  the  wide  s|)aces  between  the  trabecular, 
however,  do  not  exist,  but  are  taken  up  by  granules  and  the 
fine  intergranular  network  of  the  nucleus.  This  intergranular 
network  of  the  resting  nucleus  shows  the  same  colour- reaction  as 
the  so-called  chromatin  substance  of  the  dividing  nucleus. 

Similar  networks  are,  as  is  well  known,  common  in  the 
cytoplasm,  and  these,  as  Altmann  has  already  shown,  are  composed 
of  rows  of  fine  granules.  The  larger  gra'nules  in  the  meshes  are 
derived  from  the  small  granules  of  the  network.  Altmann 
reitei'ates  his  view  that  the  x-eally  fundamental  structures  in  the 
cell  are  the  granules  and  not  the  network.  Pi-obably  the  network 
in  the  resting  nucleus  is  not  capable  of  being  distinctly  analysed 
into  rows  of  granules  only  because  of  the  excessive  smallness  of 
the  latter ;  the  changes  which  the  network  undergoes  in  cell- 
division  seem  to  indicate  the  probability  of  such  an  analysis. 

Recent  work  on  Marsupials  and  Monotremes. 

At  the  beginning  of  last  year  Cope*  published  a  paper  in  which 
he  expressed  doubts  of  the  Marsupial  nature  of  Stirling's 
Notoryctes  typldops,  and  suggested  certain  afiinities  with  Chryso- 
chloris,  the  Golden  Mole,  an  Insectivore. 

He  pointed  out  that  mammae  had  not  been  detected  in  the 
pouch,  and  drew  the  inference  that  the  early  parturition  of  the 
Marsupials  does  not  hold  good  in  Notoryctes.  The  two  osseous 
nodules  in  the  tendon  of  the  external  oblique  muscles,  he  maintains, 
resemble  the  fibro-cartilage  found  in  a  corresponding  position  in 
some  dogs  rather  than  true  marsupial  bones.  The  inflection  of 
the  angle  of  the  mandible  is  not  greater,  he  points  out,  than  that 

*  "  On  the  habits  and  affinities  of  the  new  Australian  Mammal,  Notary ctt.% 
typMops."    American  Naturalist,  February,  1892. 


686  president's  address. 

seen  in  some  Glires  and  Insectivora.  The  form  of  the  skull  seems 
to  indicate  a  brain  like  that  of  Chrysochloris,  and  with  appa- 
rently larger  cerebral  hemispheres  than  is  usual  in  the  Marsupials. 

Among  other  characteristics  in  which  Notoryctes  approaches 
the  Insectivora  and  differs  from  the  Marsupials  he  refers  to  the 
imperforate  palate,  the  presence  of  a  patella,  and  the  an-angement 
and  number  of  the  incisor  teeth,  which  are  neither  diprotodont 
nor  polyprotodont,  but  resemble  those  of  ordinary  mammals  in 
being  three  on  each  side  both  above  and  below. 

He  then  points  out  what  he  regards  as  special  resemblances  to 
the  Chrysochloridae,  and  adds : — "  Such  an  aggregate  of  resem- 
blances to  the  Chrysochloridae  signifies,  it  appears  to  me,  zoological 
affinity.  Whether  Noloryctes  Avill  ultimately  be  found  to  enter 
the  Marsupialia  or  not,  it  must  be  a  descendant  out  of  the  same 
stock  as  that  which  gave  origin  to  the  Chrysochloridae.  But  I 
suspect  the  brain,  female  generative  organs,  and  foetal  character- 
istics will  turn  out  to  resemble  those  of  Chrysochloris,  as  do  its 
other  characters,  and  in  that  case  Notoryctes  will  enter  the 
Insectivora." 

lu  the  preceding  October  .Stirling  had  read  an  additional  paper 
on  Notoryctes,"^  in  which  two  small  mammae  with  "  exceedingly 
minute  nipple-like  projections"  are  described  as  situated  in  the 
pouch.  The  vagina  also  appears  to  have  a  median  septum  ;  but 
the  account  given  of  the  female  generative  organs  is,  owing  to 
the  condition  of  the  specimen,  by  no  means  entirely  satisfactory, 
and  more  remains  to  be  done  in  this  direction. 

Gadowf  has  also  published  the  results  at  which  he  has  arrived 
by  an  examination  of  Notoryctes,  especially  as  regards  the  skeleton 
and  the  teeth  ;  and,  as  was  to  be  expected,  pronounces  unequivo- 
cally for  its  marsupial  affinities.  He  expresses  the  opinion,  however, 
that  if  we  had  only  the  skeleton  without  the  teeth,  and  if  it  had 
been  found  in  America,  there  would  have  been  strong  reasons  for 

*  "  Further  notes  on  the  habits  and  anatomy  of  Notoryctes  typhlops." 
Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  of  South  Australia,  1891,  pp.  283-291,  pi.  xii. 

t  "  On  the  systematic  position  of  Notoryctes  tyjMoj^s.'"  Proc.  Zool  Soc. 
1892,  p.  361. 


president's  address.  687 

putting  Noloryctes  clown  as  an  Edentate.     He  gives  the  following 
as  the  complete  dental  formula: — i.  f,  c.  J-,  pm.  |,  m.  |  =  t§. 

As  a  result  of  comparison  with  the  various  families  of  Marsupials 
he  arrives  at  the  conclusion  that  the  Notoryctidae  are  a  family  of 
Polyprotodont  Marsupials  more  nearly  related  to  the  Dasyuridae 
than  to  the  Feramelidae. 

In  Owen's  memoir  "  On  the  structure  of  the  Brain  in  Marsupial 
Animals,"  published  in  1837,  he  states  that  the  marsupial  brain 
is  devoid  of  the  corpus  callosum  or  great  commissural  band 
between  the  two  cerebral  hemispheres  so  liighly  developed  in  the 
placental  mammals.  The  study  of  the  brains  of  the  Platypus  and 
Echidna  by  Eydoux  and  Laurent,  and  later  by  Owen,  led  to  a 
similar  result  with  regard  to  the  Monotremes.  These  statements 
were  uncontroverted,  and  accordingly  became  incorporated  in  all 
the  text-books  of  comparative  anatomy,  until  in  1865,  Flower 
published  a  paper  in  which  he  maintained  that  a  true  corpus, 
callosum  is  present  in  the  Marsupials  and  the  Monotremes,  though 
in  a  rudimentary  form.  Last  year  Johnson  Symiugton  read  a 
paper  on  this  subject  before  Section  D  of  the  British  Association* 
in  which  he  shows  that  what  was  regarded  by  Flower  as  repre- 
senting the  corpus  callosum  in  the  brains  of  Marsupials  and 
Monotremes,  is,  as  shown  by  the  distribution  of  its  fibres,  in  reality 
a  commissure  connecting  the  hippocampi  majores  and  gyri  dentati. 
So  that,  as  Flowerf  has  himself  acknowledged  the  correctness  of 
this  view,  we  come  back  to  Owen's  original  opinion  that  a  corpus 
callosum  does  not  exist  as  such  either  in  the  Marsupials  or  the 
Monotremes. 

Sir  "William  TurnerJ  has  investigated  the  external  anatomy  of 
the  brain  of  Oriiitliorhynclms.  A  comparison  with  that  of  Echidna 
shows  that  the  latter  possesses  a  higher  organisation ;  its  bulk, 
as  is  well  known,  is  much  greater,  its  cerebral  convolutions  more 

*  "  The  Cerebral  Commissures  ia  the  Marsupialia  and  Monotremata." 
Journal  of  Anat.  and  Phys.  Vol.  XXVII.  (1892). 

t  Report  of  a  meeting  held  in  connection  with  a  proposed  memorial  to 
Sir  Richard  Owen.     "  Nature,"  1892. 

X  Journal  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  XXV^I.  (1892). 


688  president's  address. 

numerous  and  complicated  ;  its  olfactory  region  is  larger ;  and  its 
cerebellum  is  both  larger  and  more  minutely  divided  by  fissures, 

Symington  has  investigated  the  organ  of  Jacobson  in  Ornitho- 
rhynchics'^  and  in  the  kangaroo  and  rock-wallaby, I  the  result  being, 
briefly,  that,  whereas  in  the  two  latter  there  is  not  any  wide 
difference  from  what  is  observable  in  the  Eutheria,  in  the  former, 
as  in  Echidna,  the  ox^gan  is  very  extensively  developed,  running- 
further  forward  than  in  the  Eutheria,  and  with  a  complete  tube 
of  cartilage  from  which  a  well-developed  turbinated  process  passes 
inwards. 

Kiikenthal'sJ  researches  on  the  dentition  of  Dideljihys  are  of 
great  interest  and  importance,  as  his  genei'al  results  are  most 
probably  applicable  to  all  Marsupials,  and  have,  moreover,  an 
important  bearing  on  the  question  of  the  evolutional  history  of 
the  Mammalia.  Kiikenthal  finds  that  in  the  Marsupial,  as  in 
Mammals  in  general,  there  are  two  rows  of  tooth-rudiments,  au 
inner  and  an  outer,  developed  from  the  primitive  dental  fold. 
In  the  higher  Mammalia  the  inner  set  give  rise  to  the  permanent, 
the  outer  to  the  milk  dentition.  In  the  Marsupial  oue  tooth 
alone — the  last  premolar  — is  developed  from  the  former  of  these 
se[;S  of  rudiments,  while  all  the  remaining  teeth  are  formed  from 
the  latter.  Hence  the  conclusion  follows  that  all  the  teeth  of 
Marsupials,  with  the  exception  of  the  last  premolar,  are  the 
equivalents  of  the  milk  dentition  of  the  higher  Mammals. 

Thomas§  admits  the  justness  of  this  deduction,  but  points  out 
that  if  the  Marsupials  are,  as  Kiikenthal  supposes,  primitively 
diphyodont,  and  have  become  almost  completely  monophyodont  by 
a  process  of  suppression  of  the  teeth  of  the  set  corresponding  to 
the  permanent  series  of  the  higher  Mammalia,  it  becomes  some- 
what difficult  to  explain  the  case  of  Triconodon,  oue  of  the  earliest 
of   known   Mammals,  in   which   there  is   only  one  tooth  with  a 

*  Proceedings  Zoological  Society,  1892. 
+  Journal  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology,  XXVI.  (1892  . 
X  Anatomischer  Anzeiger,  1891 ;  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History, 
1892. 

§  Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  1892. 


president's  address.  689 

vertical  successor,  and  that  the  very  tooth  which  has  a  vertical 
successor  in  the  case  of  the  Marsupials  of  the  present  day. 

Rose*  gives  an  account  of  the  results  of  a  study  of  the  develop- 
ment of  the  teeth  in  the  Max'supials,  in  which  he  states  that,  as 
regards  the  general  mode  of  development,  there  is  little  difference 
between  that  group  and  other  Mammals.  He  finds  that,  as  is 
generally  accepted,  it  is  for  the  most  part  only  the  last  premolar 
that  is  formed  from  the  accessory  ridge ;  that  is  to  say,  that  tooth 
alone  belongs  to  what  corresponds  to  the  permanent  set  of  other 
Mammals ;  but  the  same  in  all  probability  holds  good  of  the  last 
incisors  of  Perameles  as  well  as  Macropus  and  Phalmigista.  This 
last  premolar  either  simply  pushes  itself  into  a  gap  in  the  first  row 
of  teeth — none  of  the  lati.er  becoming  absorbed  (as  in  Didelphys, 
Plialangista  Cookii,  Ferameles  Doreyanus,  Belideus  bidens,  Myr- 
mecobius),  or  takes  the  place  of  the  last  premolar  of  the  first  set 
which  becomes  absorbed  (Phalangista  sp.,  Macropus  lugens,  M. 
giganteus,  Phascogale  peiiicillata  and  the  fossil  Triacanthodon 
serrida). 

With  the  exception  of  the  last  premolar,  and  pei'haps  the  last 
incisors,  the  permanent  teeth  of  the  Marsupials  seem,  as  pre- 
viously pointed  out  by  Kiibenthal,  to  be  the  equivalents  not  of  the, 
permanent  teeth  of  other  Mammals  but  of  the  milk  or  deciduous 
set. 

Throughout  the  Vertebrate  series,  he  points  out,  from  the 
Selachii  to  the  Mammalia,  there  is  a  .tendency  to  the  evolution  of 
the  deatary  system  taking  the  direction  of  a  reduction  in  the 
number  of  rows  and  series  and  an  advance  in  the  specialisation  of 
the  individual  tooth.  The  Marsupials,  in  which  the  second  den- 
tition has  been  reduced  almost  to  a  vanishing  point,  thus  appear 
to  have  advanced  beyond  the  placental  Mammals  on  the  former 
of  these  lines  of  tooth  evolution ;  but  this  can  hardly  be  regarded 
as  a  higher  development,  since  the  loss  of  the  second  dentition  can 
only  be  looked  upon  as  an  advance  when  the  teeth  of  the  single 
series  grow   throughout  life  from   persistent  pulps — a  condition 

*  "Ueberdie  Zahnenentwickelung  der  Beutelthiere."  'Anat.  Anzeiger, 
1892.' 


690  president's  address. 

which  occurs  in  the  Marsupials  only  in  the  case  of  the  Wombats. 
There  seems  to  be  little  doubt  that  the  ancestors  of  both  the 
placental  Mammals  and  the  Marsupials  were  Diphyodont,  possess- 
ing two  series  of  teeth,  and  that  the  Marsupials  have  attained  to 
a  practically  monophyodont  condition  by  the  almost  complete  sup- 
pression in  all  of  them  of  the  teeth  of  the  second  set ;  while  among 
the  higher  Mammals  such  a  suppression,  which,  as  Kiikenthal 
maintains,  is  never  complete,  is  to  be  observed  only  in  certain 
exceptional  groups. 


On  the  motion  of  Mr.  Brazier  a  cordial  vote  of  thanks  was 
accorded  to  the  President  for  his  interesting  Address. 

In  the  unavoidable  absence  of  the  Hon.  Treasurer  the  President 
read  the  financial  statement,  which  showed  that  on  December 
31st  last  there  was  a  credit  balance  in  the  Bank  of  £175  10s.  2d. 
in  addition  to  the  sum  of  £41  19s.  held  on  account  of  the  Macleay 
Memorial  Volume.  The  Treasurer  also  reported  a  considerable 
amount  due  to  the  Society  arising  out  of  subscriptions  in  arrear. 

On  the  motion  of  Mr.  Maiden  it  was  unanimously  resolved  : — 
"That  the  Members  of  the  Society,  having  heard  with  sincere 
regret  of  the  death  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Woolls,  desire  to  record  their 
warm  appreciation  of  his  enthusiastic  and  untiring  efforts  to 
promote  and  popularise  the  study  of  Australian  botany ;  and 
that  the  sympathy  of  this  Meeting  be  respectfully  tendered  to 
Mrs.  Woolls." 

On  the  motion  of  Mr.  Garland  it  was  unanimously  resolved  : — 
"That  this  Meeting  desires  to  record  its  approval  of  the  arrange- 
ments, financial  and  otherwise,  made  by  the  Council  for  carrying 
out  the  recommendations  of  the  last  Annual  Meeting  respecting 
the  Macleay  Memorial  Volume." 


OFFICE-BEARERS    AND    COUNCIL.  691 

The  following  gentlemen  were  elected 

OFFICE-BEARERS  AND  COUNCIL  FOR  1893. 

President  : 
Professor  T.  W.  E.  David,  B.A.,  F.G.S. 

Vice-Presidents  : 

James  C.  Cox,  M.D.,  F.L.S. 

Henry  Deane,  M.A.,  M.I.C.E. 

Professor  W.  A.  Haswell,  M.A.,  D.Sc. 

Honorary  Treasurer  : 
The  Hon.  James  Norton,  LL.D.,  M.L.C. 

Secretary : 
J.  J.  Fletcher,  M.A.,  B.Sc. 

Council  : 

John  Brazier,  F.L.S.  E.  G.  W.  Palmer. 

N.  A.  Cobb,  Ph.D.  Percival  R.  Pedley. 

Cecil  W.  Darley,  C.E.  P.  N.  Trebeck,  J.P. 

Thomas  Dixson,  M.B.,  Ch.M.  Thomas  Whitelegge,  F.R.M.S. 

Robert  Etheridge,  Jun.  Professor  J.  T.  Wilson,  M.B., 

J.  R.  Garland,  M.A.  Ch.M. 

J.  H.  Maiden,  F.L.S.,  F.C.S. 


INDEX  TO  VOL.  VII. 

(SECOND   SERIES.) 
Names  in  Italics  ake  Synonyms. 


PAGE 

PAGE 

Abacetus 

85 

Agon  is 

...     ,S0 

Abispa       

227 

linearifolia 

26,  30 

Abroma 

29 

lysicephala 

...     30 

Acacia 

327,  379,  485 

scortechiiiia 

...     30 

decurrens... 

40,  404,  546 

Agonoc 

heila          

79,  80 

discolor    . . . 

...      152,  154 

biguttata    ,. 

...     81 

glaucescens 
hastulata... 

314 

corticalis 

81 

26,  30 

curtida 

80,  81 

longifolia... 

...      152,  155 

fenestrata  ... 

...     80 

Maideni   ... 

...      314,  327 

666 

...      379,  380 

278 

404 

667 

41 

Alastoi 

...  228 

pruiiiosa  ... 
pugioniformis 
stricta 
undulifolia 

Alcides  helipoide.i 

Alethopteris         

Allodape 

Allodiscus... 

...  141 
346,  405 

...  246 
638,  651 

vestita      . . . 
Acantliias  antarctica 

Alophota  sp. 

...  314 

Acaiithinula  liarpa 
Acanthostethus   ... 

166 

Amalia  antipoda 

...  665 

220 

emarginata 

...  665 

Achroea  grisella  ... 

608 

fuliginosa 

...  665 

Acmosara 

...      482,  580 

gagates    ,.. 

...  665 

polyxena 

580 

Amarygmus         ...413,  414 

415,  420 

Acridotarsa 

...      481,516 

colunibinus 

...  419 

mylitis 

517 

convexus    ... 

...  416 

Actiiiodactylus    ... 

342 

cupripemiis 

...  417 

Actinodium 

33 

diaperioides 

...  416 

■  Actinotrocha 

341 

exiiis 

...  416 

Adela         

480,  486,  487 

foveolatus  ... 

...  416 

atthiojis 

486 

Howitti      ... 

...  424 

caeruleella 

486 

picicoruis  ... 

416,  418 

chrysolamprella 

485 

resplendens 

...  419 

laurella      ... 

...      484,  485 

ru>/o-^us 

...  417 

Adenanthos  barbigera 

27,31 

speciosus     413 

414,  415 

obovata 

27,31 

striatus 

...  416 

Adotela     

46,  64 

siilcipe)i)iis.. . 

417,  418 

Aeolosoma 

608 

tardus 

...  416 

.^olus  queenslandicus 

296 

torridus 

...  416 

Aesclirodonius 

...      651,  659 

tyrrhenus  ... 

...  416 

.iEstropsis . . . 

243 

1 

uniformis   ... 

...  416 

Agenia       

215 

1 

variolaris   ... 

...  416 

PAGE 

PAGE 

Amarygmus  vinosus 

...   419 

Arion  hortensis    ... 

...  665 

Amblytelus          ...  85,  86, 

88,  91,  92 

incoinmodus 

...  665 

amplipennis 

...     88 

subfusca    

...  665 

brevis 

86,  87,  88 

Artaxa  chrysophoea 

250,  251 

curtus 

86,  87 

iobrota     ... 

...  251 

discoidalis  ... 

...    86 

lucifuga  ... 

250,  25  i 

inornatus     ... 

...     86 

Ascelis       

...  354 

minutus 

...     86 

Astartea 

...     33 

sinuatus 

87,  88 

Astata        

...  219 

vittatus 

86,87 

Asthena  pellucida 

..    253 

Ammophila           

...  209 

urarcha 

...  254 

Amoeba     

...  681 

Astroloma  compactum   ... 

27,  31 

Amphidoxa           

...  616 

huniifusum   ... 

...     31 

Amphipeplea        

...  626 

Astrotriclie  floccosa 

...     35 

Amphirhoe  decora 

...     41 

Aterpus  abruptus 

...  132 

Amphithera          

482,  597 

horrens  

...  1.33 

heteromorpha 

...  597 

raucus    

...  132 

Ancylus     

...  624 

rubus      

...  134 

Andersonia           

31,33 

seriatus 

...  133 

sprengelioides 

27,  31 

tuberculatus     ... 

132,  133 

Andrena 

Aneurystyphus  calvus   ... 

collaris... 

Richardsos 
Anisolabris  colossea 

...  242 

...  287 
...  286 
...  287 
...  380 

Balaustion            

Banksia     33 

attenuata 

coccinea 

ilicifolia... 

...     .33 

588,  589 
...     34 
...     34 
...     34 

Anodontonyx       

101,  102 

integrifolia 
serrata   ... 

...  544 

Anomala  australasire 

...   113 

...  545 

fusco-viridis    ... 
Anthenea  tuberculosa    . . . 

...  113 
...     41 

Batissa  violacea  ... 
Bedellia    483 

...  665 
597,  600 

Anthocercis          

...     31 

somnuleiitella  ... 

...  600 

viscosa 

27,  31 

Belideus  bidens 

...  689 

Anthoglossa          

...  236 

Bembex     ... 

...  223 

Anthopora            

...  247 

BembidiuiTi 

...     98 

Aatidesma  dallachyanum 

...  344 

amplipenne... 
bipartitum  . . . 

...     98 

Apellatus  m  aster  si 

...  115 

...     98 

nodicornis 
palpalis 
Aphelotoma          

...     89 

...  115 

208,  211 

bipustulatum 
Inunuipenne 
tlavipes 
gagatinum  ... 
ocdlatum 

...     98 
...     98 
...     98 

Apion  albertisi 

scutellare 

...  151 
...  151 

...     98 
...     98 

terrai-reginse 

.  .  151 

subviride 

...     98 

Apis  leucothorax 

...  247 

transversicolle 

...     98 

iiiellifica 

...  278 

Aralia  hispida      

racemosa 

...     35 
...     35 
...     35 

483,  600 
...  600 

Blabophanes         

argillacea  ... 
ethelella    ... 

481,  526 
527,  528 
527,  528 

spinosa 

Arctocoma            

ursinella 

ferruginella 
meliorella... 

527,  529 

...  527 

Arcyina  sp.           

...  405 

nammlla    ... 

...  528 

Ardiosteres           ...          481 

,  517,  519 

Bolboceras  sp 

...  201 

moretonella... 

...  519 

Boronia      

...     28 

A rnyrodendron  trifoliatum 

...  333 

crenulata 

26,28 

Anon         

...  615 

heterophylla 

26,  28 

ater            

...  665 

megastigma 

...     28 

Boronia  serrulata 
Bothynorhynchus 
Brachyscelis         ...  o53 

Bauerleni  ... 

couica 

duplex 

minor        357, 

munita      355, 
361,  362 
nux 
ovicola      353, 

pharetrata 

pileata 
pomifonnis 
rugosa 
Thorntoni... 
tricornis  . . . 
variabilis  ... 
Brenthis    ... 

Brithysternum  calcaratum 
Broscus  carenoides 
Bryum  leucacanthum     ... 

Whiteleggei 
Bucculatrix  ...  482 

asphyctella... 
eucalypti     ... 
lassella 
ptochastis    . . . 
xeuaula 

Bulimus 

Bulinus 

cumingi ... 

gibbosus... 

pyramidatus      ... 

Bursaria  spinosa  ... 

Burtonia  scabra  ... 

Byiiliomorpha 

ponderosa 
verves 

Byrrhus 

Callipndium  australiense 
Ccdliafarhi/s  lanceolxita  ... 
Callistemon  speciosus     ... 

Callomelitta         

Calothamnus 
Calycothrix 

Calymna 

Campylopus  bartramioides 
Cananga  odorata... 
Cauis 

Capparis  lasiantha 
47 


PAGE 

...     28 

...  126 

,  354,  667 

369,  372 

365,  372 

...  358 

363,  366, 

[372 

356,  359, 
,  366,  371 

...  372 

357,  364, 
[367 

354,  364, 

[370,  372 

...  362 

367,  372 

369,  372 

371,  372 

...  361 

364,  372 

...     41 

...     64 

...     62 

..    277 

...  277 

,  600,  603 

601,  602 

601,  602 

601,  602 

601,  602 

...  601 

..    615 

...  627 

...  665 

...  665 

...  665 

...  485 

26,  30 

...   109 

...  Ill 

...  110 

...  109 

...     41 

...     30 

...     34 

...  242 

...     33 

...     33 

...  645 

...  277 

...  404 

...  391 

...     401 


Capparis  Mitchelli 
nobilis  ... 

Carteria     

Carthaia    ... 
Cassis  nana 

Cateristis 

eustyla 

Catbryctis 

Cecidomyia 

Cenocerus  

Centyres  sinuatus 
Ceratodus ... 
Cerceris     ... 
Cerianthus  sp. 
Cerotalis    ... 
Chalcopterus 


PAGE 

...     40 
...     41 
...  353 
...  633 
...  344 
483,  508 
...  598 
...  525 
...  361 
...  215 
...   129 
...  327 
..    221 
340,  341 
46,  64 
411,  414,415,  416, 
417,  418,  419,  420, 
421,  423,  425,  449, 

455,  458,  470 
affinis       416,  418,  419, 

[424 
amethystinus  ...  419 
anthracinus  416,  418, 
[438 
...  433 
...  416 
...  453 
...  434 
455,  468, 
[469 
...  430 
..  469 
420,  429, 
[434,  466 

clypeatus 421 

codestw    416,  434,  446, 

[466 

colossus    ...      454,  455 

columbinus  ...  416 

confluens 440 

convexiusculus  ...  416 
cupripennis  416,  418, 
419,  121,  422,  423, 
425,  426,  427,  428, 
429,  430,  431,  432, 
433,  434,  435,  436, 
439,  440,  441,  442, 
443,  444,  445,  446, 
447,  448.  449,  450, 
452,  453,  454,  455, 

456,  457,  458,  459, 
460,  461,  463,  466, 
467,  468,  469 


bellus 
bicolor 
bovilli 
brevipes   ... 
carinaticeps 

carus 

catenulatus 
clypealis  ... 


PAGE 

PAGE 

Chalcopterus  cupido 

...  416 

Chalcopterus  placidus    435 

436,  437 

cupreus    ... 

...  416 

plutus 

...  461 

cupricollis 

416,  418 

polychromus 

417,  426 

cyanipennis 

416,  418, 

puncticollis 

416,  418 

[419,  458 

punctipennis 

434,  452, 

cylindricus 

445,  451, 

[455 

[452,  466 

punctulatus 

463,  465 

difBcilis    ... 

...  426 

purpureus 

416,  417, 

ellipsoides 

...  416 

[418 

437,  438 

eyrensis    ... 

...  442 

pusillus     ... 

...  416 

fastuosus  ... 

417,  437, 

resplendens 

...  416 

[441,  465 

rufpes       ... 

...  416 

fervens    417, 

427,  436, 

rugosipennis 

427,  455 

[4. 

58,  459 

ru(/o-mii     . . . 

416,  417 

froggatti  ... 

..  436 

semiseriatus 

...  460 

grand  is     ... 
Hoicitti    ... 

..  416 

semissus  ... 

...  416 

..  416 

semiticus... 

416,  422 

imperialis 

..  455 

setosus 

...  459 

inconspicuus 

..  466 

similis 

451,  456 

indigaceus 

..  416 

simius 

..    421 

intermedins 

..  439 

smaiagdulus 

...  416 

iridicolor  . . . 

...  418 

sparsus      ... 

...  431 

iridiventris 

..  458 

sulcipennis 

416,  418 

juvenis 
Isetus         427 

..  429 

superbus  ... 

...  4.55 

,  428,  459 

suturalis  ... 

...  438 

kevicoUis  ... 

416,419 

tarsalis     . . . 

...  416 

lepidus     ... 

...  465 

tinctus      ... 

...  425 

longipennis 

418,  449, 

triavgidaris 

..    416 

451, 

452,  456, 

tristis 

416,419 

457, 

463,  469 

tyrrhenus 

...  451 

longiusculus 

...  452 

variabilis  418 

439,  455 

longulus    4:54 

,  455,  456 

velutinus... 

..    416 

macer 

464,  465 

vene7~eus    . . . 

...  416 

major        446 

,  449,  460 

versicolor... 

424,  437 

maurulus . . . 

...  416 

vigilans    . . . 

432,  446 

mercurius 

449,  462 

vino.su  s     ... 

416,  419 

micans     439, 

441,  442, 

viridicollis 

...  416 

[443 

vividus     ... 

438,  440 

mimus 

450,  451 

yorkensis... 

467,  468 

minor 

448,  453 

Chariclea  sanguinata 

...  254 

minutus    ... 

...  416 

Charopa     157,  160, 161,  162 

,  163,  653 

modestus... 

430,  432 

albanensis         163, 

166,  167, 

murrayensis 

462,  463, 

[169,  174 

[464,  465 

var.  albida    ... 

...  165 

neglectus... 

...  446 

var.  stanleyensis 

...  165 

nigritarsis 

...  416 

alpha      

158,  162 

oblongus  ... 

...  464 

anguiculis 

...  158 

obscurus  ... 

445,  447 

antialba...          166 

169,  174 

obsoletus  ... 

...  416 

var.  alba 

...   167 

obtusus     . . . 

...  416 

astur      

...  162 

palmerstoni 

442,  443 

beta        

...   158 

perlongus... 

444,  466 

bianca    

...   162 

picicornis . . . 

..  418 

biconcava 

...  158 

INDEX. 

V, 

PAGE 

PAGE 

Charopa  bischofifensis. 

167 

169.  174 

Chrysoryctis        

481,  547 

brouni    ... 

...  162 

balanosema 

548,  553 

bursatella 

...  162 

eurybaphes 

548,  550 

celinde   ... 

...  162 

fraudulenta 

548,  549 

coma 

157 

158,  162 

hypocritica 

548,  551 

cryptobidens 

...  162 

irruptella  ... 

548,  550 

dianai     ... 

...  158 

meliphanes 

548,  553 

dimorpha 

158,  162 

oohracea    . . . 

547,  553 

ectr'itbourneims 

163 

165,  174 

ochranthes 

548,  552 

egesta     . . . 

...  158 

purella 

547,  551 

epsilon   ... 

158,  162 

talantias    ... 

548,  552 

eta 

158,  162 

tyrannica  ... 

548,  549 

fulminata 

...  162 

xystidophora 

...  548 

gadeusis... 

168 

169,  174 

Cisseis  acuducta 

...  325 

gamma  ... 

158,  162 

marmorata 

...  .325 

godeti    . . . 

...   162 

Clausilia 

...  312 

helmsi    ... 

...  162 

Clivina  fficjualis 

...     83 

hypopolia 

..    158 

Cnodulon  bicolor. . . 

...  419 

huahinensis 

...   162 

cupripeiinis    ... 

...  419 

ide 

158,  162 

cyanipennis    ... 

...  419 

incerta  ... 

...   162 

Cochlostyla  daphnis 

...  665 

iota 

158,  162 

Coeliaxis 

...  311 

juloidea... 

... 

...  158 

australii^ 

311,  312 

kappa     ... 

...  158 

Coeliaxis  exigua  ...          311 

,  312,  313 

lambda  ... 

...  162 

layardi... 

311,  312 

bicetta   ... 

...  162 

Ccelostoma  australe 

...  278 

mutabilis 

...  162 

sp 

...  278 

omicron... 

...  158 

Coleanthera          

...     33 

pantheriana 

...  162 

Colobostoma         

102,  104 

paradoxa 

...  166 

Colpochila 

103,  104 

pettf-rdiaua 

...  165 

campestris    . . . 

...  103 

pinicola... 

...  158 

dubia 

...  103 

planulata 

...  162 

f  ortis 

103,  104 

portia     ... 

... 

158,  162 

gigantea 

...  103 

pumila  ... 

...  162 

Comarchis  aspectatella  . . . 

...  608 

sericatula 

...  158 

Comesperma  calymega  ... 

...     28 

serpentinula 

...  162 

confertum... 

25,  28 

sterkiana 

...  162 

ericiniim    ... 

...     28 

tapirina... 

.  .  162 

scoparium . . . 

...     28 

thaisa     . . . 

...  162 

volubile     ... 

...     28 

theta      ... 

...  162 

Comodica 

480,  561 

tumuloides 

...  162 

acontistes 

561,  562 

varicosa . . . 

...  158 

aellophora 

561,  562 

venulata 

...  162 

mystaciiiella  ... 

561,  562 

whiteleggei 

...  162 

tetracercella    .. 

561,  562 

zeta 

158,  162 

Conotcci  Guildingi 

...  497 

Chiroleptes  platycephalus 

...     12 

irrorea   ... 

...  497 

Chloritis 

337,  338 

Conogethes  nubifera 

264,  265 

Chorizema  angustifolium 

26,  .30 

pimctiferalis,  re 

r. 

parvifloruin 

...     30 

jocata    ... 

264,  265 

Chorocosma 

480,  560 

Conostephium      

...     33 

melanorma... 

...  560 

Conostylis  setigera 

27,  32 

Chrysochloris 

391, 

685,  686 

Conothamnus 

...     33 

PAGE 

PAGE 

Corasia  tricolor 

...  665 

Dascia        ...        "...         482, 

579,  581 

Corynophyllus  nietallicola 
Cosmelia    ... 

...  286 

sagittifera 

...  579 

...     33 

Dasycolletes         

...  236 

Crabro 

...  222 

Daudebardia        ...         388, 

390,  615 

Crmia  signifera 

8,  9.  12 

Daudehardia       ...         387, 

390,  391 

Cristigibba  coma 

...  616 

noi'oseelandica 

...387, 

kivi     

...  616 

[388, 

390,  391 

Ophelia 
taranaki 

...  616 

Daviesia  flexuosa 

26,  30 

...  616 

Decadarchis 

...  5bS 

ziczac 

...  616 

Decazesia   .          

..      33 

Crobylophora       

483,  604 

Deinetrias  hi-achinoderus 

...     68 

chrysidiella 

...  604 

ruf escens 

...     67 

daricella  ... 

...  604 

tweedensis    ... 

...     67 

Crocisa 

...  246 

Demobrotis 

480,  555 

(J  ry ptocarpa  in.signis      . . . 

...  344 

anaglypta    ... 

...  556 

palmerstoni 

...  344 

lieniiphara  ... 

556,  557 

Cryptotis  brevis  .. 

S,  12 

ocymorpha    . . 

556,  557 

Ctenocella  pectinata 

...     41 

Dermatodes 

...  122 

Ctenocompa          

481,  489 

Dialeptopus  approximatus 

...   124 

baliodes 

...  489 

sepidioides... 

...   125 

Cubicorhynchus 

...   124 

Diaphoromerus    

83,84 

Mussoni  .. 

...   124 

Dicarpidium         

...     29 

piceo-setosuE 

...   124 

Dicranum  dicarpuin 

...  277 

Curculio  sp 

...     35 

Didelphyfs...          

688,  689 

Cyanorhamphus  aucUandki 

.s  ...  397 

Dillwyiiia  ericifolia 

...  325 

cool'i     . . . 

397,  398 

Dimorphoptera    ... 

...  206 

erythrotis 

...  397 

Diphobia  familiaris 

...  300 

novffi-zealandiaj  397, 

Diphucephala  spreta 

...     99 

[398 

Diplocotes  niger 

...  300 

rayneri  397 

398,  404 

Diplornmatina      ...          616 

618,  620 

subflavescens  ...  398 

Diplomorplia  delatouri  ... 

...  200 

Cyathophorum  peniiatum 

...  277 

Diplomphalus       

160,  615 

C'ycloctenus          

...  473 

cabriti 

...  160 

abyssinus    473, 

474,  476 

Diplothectis          

483,  599 

Cyclophorus         

385,  615 

chionochalca 

...  599 

cy tora 

...  385 

Dipodium ... 

...  393 

fornicatns  ... 

...  386 

Discollins  ... 

...  226 

liricincUis... 

...  386 

Discus        158, 

159,  162 

orbiculatus 

...  386 

Distichophyllum  lencoloma 

...  277 

whitei 

...  386 

Ditropis  whitei 

...  386 

Cyclotw^  char  mi  an 

...  665 

Dolicliurus            

...  216 

macgillivrayi  ... 

...  665 

Dorippe     ... 

...  301 

rugatellus 

...  386 

Dracophylliim  capitatum 

27,32 

Cymindis  inquinata 

73,74 

Drummoiidii 

...     32 

Cynips       

...  361 

Fitzgeraldi 

...     32 

acacife-discoloris 

...   153 

gracile     ... 

...     32 

acacife-longifolias 

...  154 

parvifloriim 

...     32 

maideni 

...  155 

phlogiflorum 

...     32 

Cyjjhon  fene-ifrafus 

...  300 

squarrosum 

...     32 

Cystopelta  petterdi 

...  200 

Drapetes 

...     29 

Dactylopterns  orientalis 

...  200 

Dromilites 

...  304 

Dampiera  alata 

27,  31 

Di'omius  humeralis 

•••„   l^ 

leptoclada 

27,31 

tridens 

67,  75 

PAGE 

Di'omius  yaiTte    ... 

...     71 

Eremiea     

Diyadaula            ...         481 

,  559,  560 

Ereunetis...    480,561, 

562, 

glycinopa 

...  559 

brontoctypa 

Dryandi-a 

...     33 

elaeorrhoa 

Duboisia    ... 

...     31 

iuloptera 

Hopwoodii 

...     31 

niphadopla 

Dyscolus  australis 

...     85 

oxyraacha 

dilatatus 

...     85 

phileris 

Dysostines 

...  128 

selenophanes 

advena 

...  128 

symmacha 

glaber 

...  127 

Eriococcus  sp. 

... 

Dystrichothorax 

86,  88 

Eriocottis  ... 

aniplipennis    88,  91 

euryphracta 

bicolor 

88,  89,  91 

Eriostemon 

bipunctatus    89,  91 

difforniis 

lividus 

90,91 

Eristus       

Sloanei 

89,  91 

bicolor     . . . 

vicinus 

90,  91 

setosns    . . . 

Echidna                 

687,  688 

Erotylus  cupreus... 

Ecliiiiaster  purpureus     . . . 

...     41 

Erythrina  sp. 

Ectroma  beneficura 

72,  73 

Esmelina 

civicum 

72,  73 

australis 

obsoletum 

72 

flavo-vittata 

Elachista  lativitteUa 

'.'.'.  540 

Estheria 

Ekm          

...  631 

Coghlani 

Elseocarpus  bancrofti     ... 

...  344 

mangaliensis 

Pllater        

...  297 

ovata     . . . 

perplexus... 

...  297 

Ethemaia 

wentworthensis 

...  297 

Ethon         

Elea           

...  391 

affine 

323, 

Elimus       

...  226 

auriflua     . . 

E'is            

...  208 

corpulentum 

Eiiiplesis  ... 

141,  142 

Jimiceps      . . . 

monticola 

...  142 

mannoreum 

ocellata 

143,  144 

proximum... 

umbrosa 

.  .   144 

Eucalyptus        33,  138, 

139, 

Endodonta            ...159,  162 

338,  651 

363, 

365, 

huahiuensis  .. 

...  163 

368, 

369, 

lamellosa 

...   159 

372, 

404, 

Endophthora 

480,  557 

537, 

546, 

oxytona    ... 

...  558 

capitellata 

Engseus  fossor      

...  342 

corymbosa 

Ennea        

...  311 

globulus 

Epelyx      

86,  92 

gracilis 

latus         

92,  93 

hajmastoma 

lindensis 

92,  93 

leucoxylon 

Epipogum  Gmelini 

...  393 

longifolia 

Erechthias            

563,  605 

obtusifolia 

acontistes     ... 

...  562 

pauiculata 

... 

aellophora    . . . 

...  562 

piperita 

elcteorrhoa    ... 

...  565 

robusta 

'360, 

mystacinella 

...  562 

siderophloia 

niphadopla  ... 

...  565 

sieberiana 

563,  566 

563,  565 

563,  565 

563,  565 

563,  565 

563,  564 

...  563 

563,  565 

563,  564 

...  404 

480,  513 

...  514 

...  28 

...  28 

...  148 

...  150 

...  150 

...  419 

...  373 

...  122 

...  123 

122,  123 

...  307 

...  307 

...  307 

...  405 

...  131 

323,  325 
325,  326 

...  323 

324,  325 
...  324 
...  325 
...  323 

359,  361, 

366,  367, 

370,  371, 

,  437,  493, 

, 564,  565 

363,  371 

371,  396 

...  393 

...  368 

...  364 

368,  404 

...  404 

...  344 

...  404 

363,  365 

,  361,  380 

...  362 

363,  371 


PAGE 

Eucalyptus  viminalis      366 

Euchilopsis  30 

Euglena  deses      199 

Eumenes 227 

Euptychium  muci-onatum         ...  277 

robustum 277 

Euryglossa  236 

Eurylychnus  ...  45,  46,  50,  51,  64 
blagravii  46,  50,  51,  53 
olliffi  ..     46,  50,  53 

victoriw     ...   46,  50,  52 

Enrypera 414 

Euryscaphus  bipunctatus  ...     SI 

chaudoiri  ..  ...     82 

ebeninus 81 

obesus       ...  81,  82 

sulcicoUis...  81,  82 

tatei  ...  81,82 

Eurytyla 480,  565,  605 

automacha       566 

Eutaxia  empetrifolia      ...         ...     30 

myrtifolia         ...  26,  30 

virgata 26,  30 

Exoneura 246 

Ferreola 215 

Ferussacia  subcylindrica  ...  166 

Fissidens  howeanus         ...         ...  277 

Flammulina  162,  643 

Franklandia         33 

Frenchella  104 

lubrica  ...         ...  104 

obscuricornis         104,  105 
rugosa  ...       104,  105 

striatella        ...       104,  105 

Galeola      393 

Ganganiopteris     346 

Garcinia  mestoni 344 

Gasteracantha  f ormosa  ...         ...  474 

Gastrodia 393 

Cunningham  i 394 

sesamoides     ...      393,  394 

Gastrolobium       33 

Gerontia 160,  637 

pantherina       160 

Gerynassa  affinis...         ...         ...   144 

basalis  ...         ...  144 

minor..  1451 

nodulosa        ...       144,  145 

Gibbulina 311  | 

Glaneopela  149  [ 

Glossopteris         377,  405 1 

browniana  (?)     377,  378  | 
densinervis  (?)      ...  346  | 


Glossopteris  gangamopteroides     346 

linearis       346 

tffiniopteroides      ...  346 

Glypheus  alpinus  290 

Glyphochilus  leptus       291 

montanus 290 

occidentalis         ...  291 

Gnathoxys  46,  64 

tessellatus     ...  46,  64 

Goniodiscus  pleyadella 41 

Gonipterus  rufus...  ...         ...   130 

suturalis       130 

Gorytes     219,  220 

Grammodes  divaricata 259 

excellens     ...      257,  258 
justa  ...         ...  259 

oculicola      ...      258,  259 

pallens         260 

pulcherrima  ...  258 

Grevillea  Barklyana       ..  ...  404 

Gymnodactylus  miliusii 314 

Hadra       337,  616 

reinga       616 

Hcemodorum  planifolium  ...     32 

teretif  olium         . . .     32 

Hakea       352,  373 

dactyloides  540 

Halcyon  sordidus  395,  396,  404 

Halticus 241 

HapJonyt'ha  104 

obscuricornis  104,  105 
rw/osa  ...  104,  105 
striatella     ...       104,  105 

Haplonyx 357 

Hopei 371 

myrrhatus      .368 

ustipennis      ...         ...  361 

Haplopsis  viridis 109 

Harpactopus         210 

Harpalus  ...         ...         ...         ...     84 

austraUs  83 

Deyrollei  84 

inornatus         ...  83,  84 

Harpedonistis      482,  594 

gonometra  ...  594 

Hebecerus  crocogaster 41 

Hectobrocha  multilinea 249 

pentacyma  ...  249 

subnigra    ...  ...  249 

Hedera  helix        35 

Heleioporus  albo-punctatus      ..      13 

Helicarion  633 

leucospira     200 


INE 

PAGE 

EX. 

IX- 

PAGK 

Helicarion  thomsoni 

.. 

200 

Heteronyx  granulifer     ... 

...  284 

Helichrysum  bracteatum 

27,  31,  32 

marcidus 

...  285 

Helicina 337,338 

,615 

merus 

106,  108 

Helicteres 

29 

mulwalensis ... 

...  286 

Helipteruin  manglesii    .. 

2 

7,31 

nasutus 

283,  284 

Helix         

387 

,615 

nigricans 

...  286 

aspersa      

665 

normal  is 

...  284 

caperata    

665 

piceo-niger    ... 

...  108 

coniformis... 

.. 

664 

protervus 

107,  108 

contorta     ... 

159 

punctipennis 

...  286 

cornugiganteum  .. 

664 

rhinoceros     , . . 

...  284 

diemensis... 

664 

rugosipennis... 

...  108 

falconeri    ... 

664 

Hibbertia 

...     27 

grayi          

664 

diffusa... 

...     27 

guttula      

664 

furfuracea 

25,  27 

hortensis 

665 

stricta 

...     27 

hystrix 

665 

Hieroxestis          

482,  567 

incei 

665 

omoscopa     . . . 

...  567 

infundibulum 

665 

Hippiochaetes      

482,  566 

in  versicolor 

665 

chrysaspia 

...  567 

nouleti 

665 

Hofmannia 

...  581 

omega 

159 

Holocryptis          

...  256 

omicron 

565 

phasianura... 

...  257 

oparica       

159 

Homjeosoma  delineata   ... 

...  266 

pachystyla 
rapida        

665 

Honialotropus 

...  104 

665 

Homethes  angulatus 

...     68 

reinga 

665 

elegans 

...     68 

rubricata 

665 

emarginatus  ... 

68,  69,  70 

subrugata 

665 

gracilis 

...     69 

sultana 

665 

guttifer 

...     68 

taranaki    ... 

665 

marginipennis 

...     68 

tiara 

665 

micans 

...     68 

vitrea         

665 

parvicoUis     ... 

...     69 

Helodes  f enestratus 

300 

rotundatus    . . . 

...     70 

pictus     ... 

300 

sericeus 

...     68 

priiicep^... 

298 

velutinus 

68,  69,  70 

Helops  sinaragdulus 

419 

Homola     

..  301 

Heritiera 

29 

Hoplocephalus  nigresceus 

...     20 

Herminia  semioircularis.. 

260 

Haftonella... 

...  161 

Herpetomonas 

199 

Hyalimax  maillardi 

...  313 

Hestiaula 

482 

589 

perlucidus 

...  313 

rhodacris 

590 

Hyalina      

...  665 

Heterocyclus  anodonta  .. 

373 

alliaria 

...  665 

perroquini 

373 

cellaria  ... 

...  665 

Heteronyx       104,  107,  K 

)9,  111 

112 

crystallina 

...  665 

arcanis 

106 

108 

Hydrobaticus  australis  ... 

...     99 

lialilifinxis 

111 

luridus     ... 

...     99 

bidentatus     .. 

285 

tristis       ... 

...     99 

breviceps 

108 

Hydrocena 

...  623 

brevicornis    .. 

284 

Hyla  aurea           

8,  12 

consanguineus 

286 

CiBrulea       

...     12 

coi'pulentus  .. 

108 

chloris         

...  403 

fervidus 

284 

dentata 

8,  12,  14 

PAGE 

PAfiK 

Hyla  dimolops     

...     11 

Juncus       

497 

ewingii    7,  8,  12,  13, 

14,  15,  16 

Kunzea      

497 

var.  calliscelis  13, 

14,  15,  16 

Labichea   

30 

var.  B.    ... 

7,  8,  13 

Lacon  brightensis 

288 

var.  C 

...     16 

cariiiulatus 

288 

gracilenta 

12,  403 

granulatus 

2S9 

iervisensis 

...     11 

humilis 

2S9 

kreffti          

...     15 

lacrymosus 

289 

latopalmata 

9,  13 

mansuetus 

288 

lesueurii 

8,  9,  12 

parallelus 

290 

nasuta 

...     11 

sculptus     

288 

peronii  -      

8,12 

squalescens 

289 

phyllochroa 

...     12 

variabilis 

290 

rubella        

12,  13 

yilgarnensis 

289 

verremixii 

11,  14 

Lacordairia 

95 

Hylella  bicolor 

...     11 

Lagochilus           . . .         385 

,386 

621 

Hyleoides 

...  240 

calvuni 

386 

Hyperolia  marmorata    ... 

7,  8,  9,  12 

cytora 

386 

Hyphajria... 

...  131 

pallidum 

386 

Hypbai'pax 

83,  84 

pannosum     ... 

386 

australis 

...     83 

poirierii 

386 

obsoletus      ... 

...     84 

rugatellum  ... 

386 

Hypocalymma      

...     33 

torquillum    ... 

386 

lalmenus  evagoras 

...     40 

triliratum     . . . 

386 

lanthella  flabelliformis  . . . 

...     41 

Lagostomus          

122 

Icaria         

...  232 

australis 

122 

123 

Iciligorgia  orientalis 

..      41 

Lamarchea 

33 

Idaspora  ...         ...          11' 

,  118,  121 

LamprocoUetes    ... 

235 

hirolor  ... 

120,  122 

Lam2)ron ia  disri-strir/eUa 

488 

4S9 

eremita... 

119,  122 

Laoma       

161 

616 

ttrrta    ... 

118,  122 

leimonias 

Hi] 

Incxirvaria  ahditella 

...  608 

Larra          

219 

hasiplaga      . . . 

...  60S 

Larrada     

218 

conjunctella . . . 

...  60S 

Latia          

623 

magnella 

...  509 

Latrobea   ... 

30 

proximella   ... 

...  60S 

Leaia 

308 

purella 

...  551 

bffiutschiana 

3<i9 

Inoceramus  sp.     ... 

...  .305 

Jonesi        

309 

lodis  assimilis      

...  252 

klieveriana 

308, 

309 

conimoda 

...  252 

Leidyi        

308 

309 

dichloraria 

...  252 

var.  Salteriana 

308 

309 

nitida          

...  252 

?•«?•.  Williamsoniana  ... 

308 

Ipliierga 

481,  517 

Mitchelli  ...307,  308 

309, 

310 

euphragma 

...  518 

tricarinata 

309 

peutulias 

517,  518 

wettinensis 

309 

stasiodes 

518,  519 

Lebia  benefica      ...         72,  73,  74,  75 

Isopogon   

...     33 

calida 

72 

anemonifolius . . . 

...  541 

civica         

73 

Isotropis  striata 

26,  30 

duponti      

73 

Jacksonia... 

...     33 

irrita 

SO 

Jaiiella 

...  661 

Lecauomerus 

97 

Jansouia    ... 

...     30 

Leioproctus 

234 

Juncella  gemmacea 

...     41 

Lepidcscia            ...          481, 

493, 

506 

INDEX. 

XI. 

PAGE 

PAGE 

Lepidoscia  amphiscia      . . . 

507,  513 

Loxandrus 

...       95 

chloropetala... 

507,  511 

atronitens     ... 

...     96 

comoohora    ... 

507,  508 

gagatinus 
iridescens      ... 

...     96 

desniophthora 
magnella 

507,  512 

...     9d 

507,  509 

lajvicoUis 

...     96 

magnifica 

507,  508 

micans 

...     97 

melitora 

507,  509 

rufilabris 

..      96 

microsticha  ... 

507,  510 

subiridesceus 

...     96 

palleuca         501 

507,  513 

Lozostoma            

...  608 

punctiferella 

507,  511 

Luperina  ditata 

...  254 

raricoma 

507,  513 

Lychmis    ...45,46,54,  56, 

58,  59,  64 

sciodesma 

507,  512 

ater        

56,57 

stiigulata 

507,  51U 

sti'ani/ulatus     . . . 

56,  57,  58 

tyro  hat  lira     ... 

507,  511 

striatulus 

56,  58 

Leptopodus          

...     95 

Lyogyrus  

...  373 

Leptopoiria           

385,  615 

Lysinema 

...     33 

Leptospennum    ...  30,  484 

497,  575 

fimbriatum     . . . 

27,  31 

Lesticus     .. 

...     85 

Macarangela 

482,  587 

Lestignatlius 

.      95 

leucochrysa 

588,  589 

Lestis         

.  248 

pyracma    ... 

587,  589 

Lcucobryum  pseudo-candid 

um 

277 

uranarcha... 

...  588 

Leucopogon          

.     31 

Macraeola..           

481,  554 

carinatus    ... 

27,  31 

linobola 

...  555 

Richei 

.     31 

Macrohelodes       

...  298 

Libera        

,  159 

crassus     . . . 

298,  299 

fratercula 

.  159 

gravis 

...  299 

Licinoma  pallipes 

.  300 

intricatiis... 

...  299 

Limax 

.  615 

lucidus 

...  298 

agrestis    ... 

.  665 

princeps    . . . 

...  298 

flavus 

.  665 

Macromitriuni  brevisetaceum  ...  277 

maximus  ... 

.  665 

peraristatum      ...  277 

molestu-s   ... 

.  665 

Macropus 

...  689 

Limnaea     

.  625 

giganteus 
lugeus ... 

...  689 

stagnalis... 

.  665 

...  689 

wilsoni    

.  665 

Macrotjeniopteris 

...  345 

Limnodynastes    

.     12 

Macrozamia          

...     37 

dorsalis... 

.  7,  8 

Manliana  adrictelta 

...  568 

fletcheri 

12.' 

16,  17 

Maoriana  aorangi 

...  161 

ornatus  ... 

.     13 

hectori... 

...  161 

peronii  ... 

8,' 

12,  13 

leioda  ... 

...  161 

platycephalus  . 

.     17 

micronndulata 

...  161 

tasmaniensis  7,  8,  9, 

pseudoleiodea 

...  161 

[16,  17,  18 

wairarapa 

..  161 

Liuckia  miliaris  ... 

...     41 

Maurillus  ... 

...  216 

Liparetrus 

.  101 

Mecodema  hlagrarii 

...     51 

adelaidje 

.   101 

montanum     . . . 

...     60 

coUaris 

.   100 

percoides 

...     62 

concolor 

.  100 

Medicasta... 

...   131 

fulvohirtus    ... 

.  101 

lugubris 

...  131 

lugeus 

.  100 

Megaehile 

243,  244 

maurus 

.     99 

Melaleuca  sp 

...  394 

salebrosus     ... 

.  100 

thymoides 

26,  30 

Lithiirgus... 

.  246 

Melanegis 

...  126 

PAGE 

PAGE 

Me'anopsis           ...         338, 

616,  618 

Murex  octogonus 

...  344 

Melasma 

...  489 

scalaris     

...  344 

Melhania 

...     29 

umbilicatus 

...  344 

Mellitidia 

...  243 

Mychonoa... 

481,  558 

Melobasis  cupreo-vittata 
subcyanea      . . . 

...  287 

mesozona 

...  559 

...  287 

Myelois  flaveotincta        . . 

...  265 

vittigera 

...  287 

Mygnimia 

...  215 

Melochia 

...     29 

Myossita  crucigera 

munda 

...  147 

Merimnetes          

...  lis 

...  147 

tenuis           117 

118,  121 

tabida 

...  147 

uniformis    . . . 

...  118 

Myrmecobius       

...  689 

Meriphus  fuUo     

...  146 

Nanina 

...  615 

humeralis 

...  146 

casca 

...  338 

lineatus 

...  147 

nitidissima 

...  338 

umbrinus 

...  147 

Nardoa  novse-caledonife... 

...     41 

Meroglossa           

...  240 

Navicella 

...  615 

Meryta  Sinclairii 

...     35 

Needhamia           

...     33 

Mesopherna         ...         481, 

514,  517 

Nematobola   482,  587,  591, 

594,  598, 

castella 

...  515 

[601 

isomacra     . . . 

515,  516 

candescens  592,  593,  596 

palustris     . . . 

...  515 

isorista 

...  592 

Metabletus           

...     71 

orthotricha 

...  592 

Methorium           

...     29 

Nemophora          

...  487 

Microcystis           

...  634 

panzerella    . . . 

...  487 

Microferonia  adelaidse   ... 

...     95 

sabulosella   ... 

...  487 

Micro  valgus 

...  114 

Nemotois 

480,  483 

castaneipennis 

...  114 

orichalcias      483 

,  484,  486 

Lapeyrousei 

...  114 

spar  sella 

...  483 

nigrinus      ... 

...  114 

sparsellus 

483,  486 

yilgarnensis 

...  114 

topazias 

483,  485 

Mimoscopa           

481,  525 

Nephila  sp.           

...  328 

ochetaula     ... 

...  526 

Neritina 

...  615 

Miscothyris 

...  220 

fluviatilis 

...  665 

Mixophyes 

...     12 

zelandica 

...  665 

fasciolatus    ... 

...     18 

Neuropteris          

...  346 

Mocoa  sp 

...  404 

Noggerathiopsis 

346,  405 

Monocrepidius  aphiloides 

...  291 

Nomia 

...  242 

Australasias 

...294, 

Nortonia   ... 

...  227 

[295,  296 

Notadeu 

...     12 

Brucki   ... 

...  291 

Notarcha  exculta 

...  262 

carinatus 

294,  296 

Notelsea  longifolia 

...     41 

erubescens 

291,  295 

Nothopanax  elegans 

...     39 

Eveillardi 

...  295 

Notophilus  Icetus 

...     98 

ingens    . . . 

...  291 

Notoryctes           ...391,  685 

,  686,  687 

men  titer 

...  294 

typhlops 

685,  686 

narrabrensis 

...  293 

Nudaria    ... 

...  250 

Olliffi     ... 

..  295 

Nyctozoilus 

...  Ill 

picticollis 

...  293 

Nymphula  sinuosa 

...  261 

punctato-striatus  292 

Nysson      

..  220 

tabidus  ... 

...  295 

Ocnodus  lugubris 

...  105 

terrie-reginse 

...  292 

Odontopteris        

346,  405 

Monohammus  sp. 

...     41 

microphylla 

..    345 

Monotus  mesopharynx  ... 

...  341 

Odynerus 

...  229 

PAGE 

PAGE 

Oerinea  Felderi    . . . 

488 

Pecopteris 

346,  405 

Oerobia  Franeiifeldi 

493 

tenuif  olia 

...  346 

Oecojihora  irruptella 

550 

Pelargonium  renif ornie  , . . 

...     -9 

Oligarrhena 

..      33 

rodneyanum 

26,  29,  32 

Omadius    ... 

357 

Pelias  berus          

..    319 

Omphalotropis     ... 

..      337,  622 

Pelobrochis 

...  250 

Onthophagus  adelaidie 

283 

rava 

...  250 

hostilis 

283 

Pelopceus 

208,  209 

Opetiopteryx 

125 

Pelororhinus  angustatus 

...   135 

frigida 

126 

argentosus 

134,  135 

Opisthocelis 

354 

crassus 

...   135 

Opostega 

..      480,  605 

maculosus... 

...  135 

basilissa 

606 

margaritaceus 

...  135 

chalinias 

..      606,  607 

proximus  ... 

...   134 

diorthota 

..      606,  607 

pusio 

...   135 

gephyraea 

..      606,607 

sparsus 

...  135 

orestias 

606 

Peltophoi-a           

...  608 

stiriella 

..      606,  607 

Pemphredon 

...  216 

xenodoxa 

..      606,  608 

Pentaceros  nodulosus     . . . 

...     41 

Ornithorhynch  us . . .  343, 

345,  687,  688 

Penthea  solida     

...     41 

Orthorhinus 

117 

Penfhina  trifasciana 

...  505 

ffithiops 

140 

Pepsis 

211,215 

bicolor 

139,  141 

Perameles 

..    689 

carinatus 

141 

Doreyanus    ... 

...  689 

hilipoides 

141 

Percolestus           

46,54 

intidiis 

141 

Blackburnii... 

55.  64 

meleagris 

141 

Percosoma          45,  46,  54, 

56,  58,  64 

Otoconcha 

634 

hlagravii 

...     51 

Oxylobium  callistachys 

26,  30 

carenoides    . . . 

58,  59,  62 

Pala?mon  ornatus 

..      41 

concolor 

59,  61 

Paliaurus  edwardsii 

410 

montanum    58, 

59,  60,  61 

Panax        

35 

sulcipenne     ... 

59,  62 

Colensoi    . . . 

35 

Peripatus 

272,  273 

,  274,  276 

dendroides,  var. 

angusta      36 

balfouri 

...  196 

elegans 

..   37,  38,  39 

capensis          179, 

190,  191, 

murrayi    . . . 

37,  39 

[192,  271 

sambucifolius 

36 

demeraranus  ... 

...  196 

var.  angusta 

36,  37 

edwardsii 

...  196 

Panda  atomata    . . . 

..    200 

imthurni 

...   191 

Papuina     

338 

insignls          179, 

181,  182, 

ParacoUetes 

234 

[195,  196,  271 

Paragia 

224 

leuckartii        40 

179,  180, 

decipiens 

224 

181,  182,  184, 

185,  186, 

Parapison 

216,  218 

187,  188,  189, 

194,  195, 

Paraspbecodes      ... 

240 

196,  267,  268, 

269,  270, 

Parmacocblea  Fischeri 

410 

271,  272 

Partula      

312,  338,  615 

novffi-zealandiai 

196,  271 

Paryphanta 

..      391,  629 

torquatus 

...  196 

busbyi 

389 

Perrieria 

311,  312 

millegani 

..      616,665 

austi-alis 

312,  313 

Patula       ...     158,  159, 

161,  163,  615 

clausiliaeformis 

...  312 

Pavonia  hastata  . . . 

174 

exii/ua 

...  313 

Paxil]  us     

620 

Persoonia  lanceolata 

543,  593 

xiv. 

INDEX. 

PAOE 

FACE 

Persoonia  salicina 

...  542 

Pimelea  longif olia 

...     29 

Petrophila             

...     33 

rosea       

26,29 

Phacussa  ... 

161,  635 

Pisidium    ... 

...  664 

hypopolia 

...  161 

Pison 

...  216 

Phalangista          

...  689 

Pisonitus  ... 

...  218 

cookii 

...  689 

Pithocarpa 

...     33 

PhalaCrogiiathus  Muelleri 

...     20 

Pitys          158, 

159,  163 

Phaleria 

...     29 

oparioa        

...   158 

Phanerotis 

...     12 

Placostylus     335,  336,  337, 

338,  616, 

Phaolus  Macleayi 

...     41 

[632 

Phascogale  peiiicillata   ... 

...  689 

bivaricosus  ... 

...  335 

Phebalium            

...     28 

bovinus 

...  335 

BiUardieri     ... 

...     41 

christovalensis 

...  338 

Phenacohelix 

...  641 

elobatus 

...  338 

Philomastix  glaber 

...  201 

founaki 

...  335 

Philophlceus         ...         77, 

78,  79,  SO 

macfarlandi 

...  338 

angulatus  . . . 

77,  79 

miltocheilus 

...  665 

australasiai 

...     76 

morosus 

...  335 

australis    . . . 

76,  77,  78 

seemanni 

...  338 

confertus  ... 

...     78 

Plagiophthalmus 

..  302 

distiiiguendus 

...     76 

depressum 

...  302 

eucalypti  ... 

78,  79 

elongatum 

...  302 

rar.  Tasmaniaj...     78 

hebes . . . 

...  302 

Froggatti  ... 
grandiceps 

...     76 

Iseve  ... 

...  302 

...     76 

obtusum 

...  302 

imniaculatus 

...     76 

punctatum 

...  302 

intermedins 

76,  77 

rostratum 

...  302 

laticoUis    ... 

...     77 

simplex 

...  302 

luculentus... 

...     77 

spinosum 

...  302 

mollis 

...    77 

stotzingense  . . .  302 

monticola  . . . 

...     75 

sublffive 

...  302 

obtusus      . . . 

...    77 

Plagiostoma  Lemani 

..    341 

oocidentalis 

...     76 

Planorbis 

...  626 

opaciceps  ... 

...     78 

Platycercus  rayneri 

...  397 

rectangulus 

77 

rouieyi 

...  397 

sydneyensis 

...     76 

Platydesmus         

...   104 

Phlceophagus        

...  149 

Platytheca            

...     28 

spadix 

...   149 

Pkurandra  furfuracta  . . . 

...     27 

Phoronis 

340,  341 

Podozamites         

...  346 

australis 

...  340 

Pa'dlus  atronitens 

...     96 

Buskii 

...  340 

(/cujatinufi 

...     1)6 

psammophila  ... 

...  341 

iridescent 

95,96 

Phrixgnathus 

...  647 

rvjilahris 

...     96 

Phyllium  sp 

...  405 

suhiridescens 

95,  96 

Phyllobius             

...  117 

Pogonius  

...  215 

Phyllotheca  australis     ... 

...  347 

Polistes      

...  232 

Phyraatocarpus 

...     33 

Polyphrades         

...   129 

Physa        

...  615 

Pompilus 

211,  212 

Phytomyza  sp. 

...  314 

Porotrichum  vagum 

...  277 

Pileanthus            

...     33 

Porthesia  f ulviceps 

...  251 

Pilotrichella  trichophoroide 

.s   ...  277 

Potamopyrgus 

...  619 

Piiuelea     

...     29 

Prays  coHteUa      

...  515 

imbricata 

26,  29 

Priocnemis            

...  214 

Prionophora  torquesauria 
Pristis  zysron      


PACK 

..  255 

..  277 


Promecodenis      ...         45,- 

16,  47,  63 

ambiguus 

46,  64 

anthracinus 

...     47 

blackburni 

...     63 

brunnicornis 

...     63 

castelnaui 

...     46 

clivinoides 

...     63 

comes 

...     47 

coucolor  ...    47,  48,  63 

ra?\      lucidi- 

collis    ... 

47,  48 

var.    namoy- 

ensis     . . 

...     48 

distinctus 

49,  63 

dyschirioide.s 

...     63 

gracilis    ... 

...     64 

howitti     ... 

...     47 

liiridiroUis 

47,48 

Inridiis     ... 

...     47 

nainoyensis 

...     48 

nigricornis 

...     47 

oblotif/u.^  ... 

47,  48 

po/itns     ... 

...     47 

soauroides 

...     63 

ftriato-punctatus       47 

siUuralis... 

...     47 

Prophanns  citpreus 

...     41 

Prosopis 

...  238 

Prosopon 

.301,  302 

aculeatuin 

...  301 

aequilatum 

...  302 

ffiquum 

...  302 

depre-^anin 

...  302 

eloni latum 

...  302 

Etheridgei       301, 

304,  305 

excisuin 

...  302 

grande 

...  302 

hehes     

...  302 

Heydeni 

...  301 

insigne ... 

...  302 

lasve       

...  302 

lingulatiim 

...  302 

manimillatum... 

...  302 

marginatum     ... 

..  302 

obtw<nm 

...  302 

ornatum 

...  301 

paradoxum 

...  302 

punctafnm 

...  303 

rosf  ration 

...  302 

simplex 

...  302 

spinosum 

...  302 

Prosopon  stotzinge^ise 
^  sub/anje... 
torosum 

tuberosum        302, 
verrucosum 

Prypnus    

pygraseus 
squamosus 
Pseudechis  porphyriacus 
Pseudoheteronyx 

bald  ien  sis 
helseoides 

Pseudophryne      

bibronii  ... 
coriacea  ... 
Psyra 

dimorpha 

Pterobryella  praenitens... 
Pterostylis  Baptisti 

Ptychodon  

Pultenffia  stipularis 

Pupa  

anodonta    ... 
fallax 
pacifica 
pedicula 
Pupina 

Purpm-a  textilosa 
Pyrausta  straminea 

violacea 
Pyrrha 

cressida   ... 
Raoulia  manimillaris 
Realia 

turriculata 
Regelia 
Rhabdotus 

Rhacopteris  

Rhadinosomus     ... 

Lacordairei 
Rhegmatodes  thalassiiia 

Rhenea      

Rhinaria  caliginosa 
cristata 
debilis  ... 
excavata 
foveipennis 
granulosa 
maculosa 
myrrliata 

perdix  

rugosa  

tibialis   .. 
variegata 


P.\GE 

...  302 
...  302 
...  302 

303,  304 

301,  304 
...  116 
...  116 
...  115 
...  319 
...   Ill 

111,  112 

111,  112 
...  12 
7,8,9 
8,  9.  12 
...  161 
...  161 
...  277 
...  394 
...  652 
...  323 

312,  615 
...  373 
...  200 

166,  200 
...  166 

337,  338 
...  20 
...  263 
...  263 

160,  639 
...  160 
404 
622 
...  387 
...  33 
...  615 
...  346 
...  357 
...  366 
...  314 
...  631 

135,  136 

137,  138 
...  1.38 

135,  136 
...  136 
...  137 
...  138 
...  137 
...  139 

135,  136 

136,  137 
•••  138 


337 


P.\GE 

PAGE 

Rhizobius  (?)  sp 

...  404 

Sentica  oppositella 

487,  488 

Rhizogonium  Parramattense    ...  277 

punctiferella 

...  511 

undulatum 

...  277 

Sericophoriis        

...  221 

Rhodanthe  Maiiglesii 

...     31 

Simplicaria           

...  161 

Rhopaea     

...  113 

Simsia        

...     33 

heterodactyla  ... 

...  112 

Spluerium 

...  664 

Mussoni 

112, 113 

Sphecodes 

...  240 

soror      

...   112 

Sphenopteris        

346,  405 

Verreauxi 

...  113 

Sphenotoma 

...     33 

Rhynchium 

...  228 

Sphex        

208,  209 

Rhytida    391 

,  616,  630 

vestita       

...  208 

green  woodi 

...  313 

8piridens  Millleri 

...  277 

inaequalis 

...  313 

Stegommata         . . .          483 

,  603,  604 

lampra  ... 

...  390 

hesperias  ... 

...  603 

Ehytisternus  cardwellensis 
cyathodera 
liopleura  ... 
puella 
splendens . . . 
suloatipes . . . 

...     94 
...     93 
...     94 
...     94 
...     93 
...     94 

leptomitella 
sulfuratella 
Stenocarpus  cunninghamii 
Stenoderus  ostricilla 

...  603 

603,  604 

...  328 

...     41 

Stenogyra ... 

gracilis 
Stenotritus 

...  615 
...  166 
...  242 

Rivula       

...  257 

Stentor      

...  677 

Rubus  moluccanus 

...  201 

Stephanopis 

...  201 

Sarapoda  

...  247 

aspera 

471,  475 

Sarathrocrepis     

...     72 

Sterculia   ... 

29,  602 

ralida     . . . 
cortical  is 

...     72 
71,72 

Stilpnosoma 

Stizus         

...  2.37 
219,  220 

liturata  . . . 

73,  75 

pectoralis 

...  219 

posticalis 

71,  72 

Storeus 

141,  142 

Scceodora  rava     

...  250 

Styphelia 

viridis... 

...     31 

Scfevola  attenuata 

...     34 

...  596 

Scardia      

481,  520 

Styreus      

Subulina    ... 

...  122 

australasiella     . . . 

521,  522 

...  311 

celsella 

521,  524 

Succinea    ... 

...  615 

clonodes 

521,  523 

Suteria 

...  642 

dictyotis 

521,  522 

Synaphea  

...     33 

inconcisella 

521,  522 

Tachys       

Flindersi ... 

...     98 

primaeva 

521,  524 

...     98 

pyrochroa 

521,  523 

Tachytes 

216,  218 

Schizoglossa         ...387,  388 

391,  628 

T^niopteris          

345,  405 

novoseelandica 

...388, 

Talaeporia 

...  490 

[391,  392 

Tarrietia 29, 

333,  345 

Sciaphila  ba-si/erana 

...  503 

argyrodendron 

...  333 

Sciton        

101,  102 

f  oliolata 

...  333 

ruber 

...  102 

trifoliolata 

...  333 

Sclerorhinus         

...   125 

Temnocephala      

...  342 

Scolia         

...  206 

Tesseraria... 

...  660 

biciucta     

...  205 

Testacella 

...  615 

coronata    

...  205 

haliotidea 

...  391 

fulva          

...  205 

maugei 

...  665 

Scrapter    

...  243 

sp 

...  .388 

Sentica 

482,  487 

vagans 

...  665 

(jlahrella ... 

...  492 

Tetralonia 

...  247 

heliozona 

...  487  1 

Tetratheca  ericifolia 

...     28 

PAGE 

PAGE 

Tetratheca  setigera 

26,28 

Tinea  antkella     ... 

608 

Thalassia 

...  161 

australasiella 

521 

subrugata 

..    161 

bisepta      ... 

532 

Tlialassohelix 

..    635 

celsella       ... 

524 

Thaumaetophasis 

149,  150 

chaotica     ... 

..      530,  538 

oculatus 

...   149 

dathrata   ... 

521 

Thaumatosoma    . . . 

...  248 

coUeta 

..      5.30,  539 

Thenarotes 

...     97 

compfdla  ... 

608 

Thera         

...  161 

cosHuna 

521 

alpha 

...  161 

diaphora    ... 

..      531,  5.37 

Therasia    ... 

161,  640 

dicharacta... 

..      531,  536 

celinde  . . . 

...  161 

epimochla... 

..      532,  543 

Thereutis 482, 

592, 

594,  597 

erebocosma 

..      530,  537 

arcana... 

...  595 

ethelella     ... 

528 

chionozyga 

595,  597 

ferruginella 

529 

insidiosa 

595,  596 

fraudukm 

549 

schismatica 

595,  596 

fuscipunctella 

..      532,  5.34 

Thinnfeldia  odontoptei 

oides    . . .  345 

granella     ... 
incoiirinella 

...      532,  534 

Thomasia  angustifolia 

...     29 

522 

petalocalyx 

...     29 

lativittella 

..      5.30,  540 

quercifolia 

26,  29 

maurella    ... 

493 

Tlirinacophora  sp. 

...     41 

meliorella  ... 

527 

Thudaca    

482 

569,  600 

melitocoma 

...      531,  542 

calliphrontis 

570,  576 

microspora 

...      531,  545 

campylota 

570,  572 

monophthalma 

...      531,  543 

circumdatella 

570,  571 

monozona  . . . 

...      532,  5,33 

crypsidesma 

569, 

570,  572, 

moretonella 

519 

[573,  474 

mui'icata   . . . 

...      531,  542 

cymatistis 

570,  577 

nectarea    . . . 

...      531,  546 

haplonota 

570,  573 

oecophoreUa 

608 

heterastis 

570,  571 

oecophoi'oides 

527 

mimodora  570,  573,  574,  575 

palae-strica 

535 

obliquella 

570 

,  573,  575 

pellionella... 

...      532,  535 

ophiosema 

570,  576 

phauloptera 

...      531,  544 

orthodroma 

570,  577 

phoeiiicopa 

...      5.32,  542 

stadiaula 

570,  578 

porphyrota 

...      530,  5.38 

trabeata 

569,  578 

pyrotricha 

...      531,536 

Thuidium  protensulum... 

...  277 

rextella 

528 

Thylacinus 

...  391 

spodina 

...      531,  543 

Thynnus    ... 

...  219 

tapetiella  ... 

...      531,  535 

brenchleyi 

...  201 

tapetzella  ... 

535 

Tiliqua  gigas 

...     20 

teleochra  ... 

...      531,  546 

Tiniaea 

48-2 

,  568,  569 

tetropa 

...      531,  541 

bivittatella 

...  568 

tortricitella 

608 

costella    ... 

...  568 

tridectis    . . . 

...      5.30,  538 

Tinea        ...  481,  515, 

525, 

526,  529, 

tryphera    ... 

...  •    531,  541 

547,  554, 

555, 

556,  558, 

vetiila 

...      5.32,  544 

559,  567, 

568 

579,  605 

vivipara    . . . 

527 

acrozyga   ... 

530,  539 

Tineola      

...      481,  554 

adjunrtella 

...  524 

biselliella 

554 

aelurodes  ... 

532,  545 

Titinia       116, 

117,  118,  121 

altilis 

531,  533 

bicolor 

...      120,  122 

amaurodes 

532,  536 

brevicollis 

...      118,  121 

PAGE 

,  121,  122 

...  121 

119,  121 

117,  121 

...  121 

lis,  122 

482,  590 

...  571 

591 

338,  660 

...     97 

...     97 

...     97 

...     97 

...     97 

...     28 

...  689 

...     33 

...  277 

...  688 

...  248 

...  243 


Titinia  eremita    ...  1 

ignara 

Iteta  

marmorata 

tenuis 

terrea 

Tonza         

chrumdatella 
purella 

Toruatellina         

Trechus 

ater         

atriceps 

concolor 
rufilabris 
Tremandra 

Triacanthodon  serrula  .. 
Tricholine.. 
Trichosteleum  muscicola 

Triconodoii  

Trigona     

carbonaria 

Trigonothops        

dimidiata.. 

flavofasciata 

lineata 

longiplaga 

nigiicoUis... 

occidentalis 

pacifica  65,  66,  67,  75 
var.  lindensis  ...  66 
var.  occidentalis 

pallidicoU 

plagiata 

Trochomorpha     162,  338 

hermia 665 

Ti-ochonanina 
Truncatella 
Trupania  apivora 
Trypanosoma 

Ungeria     

Unio  

Vaginula  ... 

Vallonia  pulchella 

Vertebraria  australis 

Verticordia 

Vertigo  miiscorum 

Vespa 

Vicia  angustifolia 

Vitrina 

Yitrinoidea 

Volvulus  punctatus 

Wehlia   


67 


...  634 

...  615 

...  278 

...  199 

...  29 

...  662 

...  615 

...  166 

...  347 

...  33 

...  166 

...  224 
26,  30,  32 

...  615. 

...  634  1 

...  283  I 

...  33 1 


PAGE 

Wickstrosmia       ...         ...  ...     29 

Xanthophaja         ...          ...  ...     67 

Xanthorrhosa       ...  243 

Xanthosia  rotundifolia  ...  26,30 

Xerotes  micrantha          ...  27,  32 

Xylocopa 243,  247 

Xylonychus  sp.    ..           ...  ...     41 

Xysmatodoma        481,  487-  489,  490, 
[506,  515 

adelopis  ...  492,496 

apochroa  491,  501 

basiferana  491,  503 

carlotta  ...  491,  501 

eataphracta  491,  504 

characota  491,  504 

cbaritodes  492,  497 
cbrysopetala   491,  502 

chrysura...  491,  506 
crepuscularis  492,  468 

euryptera  492,  494 

Frauenfeldi  492,  493 

glabrella...  491,492 

Guildingi  492,  497 

hamalitha  491,  502 

heliochares  492,  498 

lasiocola  ...  492,  495 

maurella...  490,  493 

melanarthra  491,  505 

nephelodes  492,  500 
pelochroa 
pbaulodes 
protorna... 
pygni£ea  ... 
reticulata 
saxosa     . . . 
stellaris  ... 
trifa&ciana 
zonarcba... 
Zelleria     ...    482, 
apbrospor; 
araeodes 
callidoxa 
citrina    ... 


cynetica 
memorella 


Zinnia 
Zonites 


mystarcba 
proterospila 
pyroleuca 
sigillata... 


491,  501 

492,  499 
492,  495 
492,  500 
492,  499 

491,  496 

492,  493 

491,  505 

492.  494 
79,  580,  581,587 

...  581,  584 
...  581,  582 
...  581,584 
581,  582,  586 
...  581,  582 
...  581,583 
...  582  586 
581,  582,  584 
...  682,  585 
581,  587 


fulvus 
nitidus    .. 
viridulus 


174 
(315 
166 
166 
166 


PLSN.SW.  (2"dserl  VoL.VIl 


W  J.  Rainbow  del. 


Uectric  fhoio.  Lif  C°  Sijd. 


^:^' 


Issued  September  1,  1892. 


THE 

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„      Parts 0     5  0 

^'^  II  II  „      Part  4 0  10  0 

Vol.  VIII.  Containing  Proceedings  for  1883,  Part  1 0  10  0 

,,      Part  2 U  o  U 

,,      Parts 0  7  0 

„      Part  4 0  8  0 

Vol.  IX.  Containing  Proceedings  for  1 884,  Part  1 OS  0 

,,      Part  2 {)  iz  V 

.,      Parts 1     5  0 

„      Part  4 1     5  0 

Vol'x.   Containing  Proceedmgs  for  1885,  Part  1 0  12  0 

,,      Part  2 0     7b 

„      Parts 0  15  0 

,,      Part  4 0  17  6 

Vol   I.  (Second  Ser.)  Containing  Proceedings  for  1886,  Part  1  0  10  6 

,,        Part  2  0  12  0 

„        Parts  0  IS  0 

,,        Part  4  0  12  6 

Vol.  II.  (Second  Ser. )  Containing  Proceedings  for  1887,  Part  1  0    J  0 

, ,        Part  2  0     b  U 

,,        Part  S  0  12  0 

''  ,','  „  >»       Part  4  1     7  0 

Vol.' ill.  (Second  Ser.)  Containing  Proceedings  for  1888,  Part  1  0  15  0 

„        Part  2  14  0 

„        Parts  1     0  0 

„        Part  4  0  18  0 

Vol  IV.  (Second  Ser.)  Containing  Proceedings  for  1889,  Part  10  110 

,,       Part  2     0  16    0 

„        Parts     0  19     0 

''  ,,  ,,       Part4    0  11     0 

Vol  V.  (Second  Ser.)  Containing  Proceedings  for  1890,  Parti     0  11     0 

, ,  , ,        Part  2     0     9    0 

Parts    0    9     0 

''  ''  ,,  ,,        Part  4     0     9     0 

Vol  VI.  (Second  Ser.)  Containing  Proceedmgs  for  1891,  Part  1     0  10     0 

,,       Part  2     0     9     6 

„       Part  S    0  17     0 

'',  ''.  "  "       Part  4     0     7     6 

Vol.  VII.  (Second  Ser.)  Containing  Proceedings  for  1892,  Pt.  1     0     6     6 

A  reduction  of  20  per  cent,  on  the  above  charges  is  made 

to  Members  of  the  Society. 

The  Transactions  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  New  South 
Wales,  2  vols.,  8vo  [Vol.  i.  five  Parts,  1863-66;  Vol.  ll.  five 
Parts,  1869-73;  all  published],  price  £2,  net,  are  also  obtainable, 
but  neither  the  Parts  nor  the  Volumes  are  sold  separately. 


CONTENTS  OF  VOL.  VII.,  PART  1. 

(SECOND  SERIES.) 


Contributions  to  a  more  exact  Knowledge  of  the  Geographical  Distri- 
bution of  Australian  Batrachia.     No.  in.     By  J .  J.  Fletcher    ...       7 

A  Monograph  of  the  TcmnocephaJrir.     Part  i.     By  Professor  W.   A. 

Haswell.     [Title.]  ...         '. H» 

Notes  on  some  specimens  of  Plants  collected  at  King  George's  Sound 

by  Mr.  H.  Willi.s.     By  the  Rev.  W.  Woolls,  Ph.D.,  F.L.S.      ...     2.-> 

On  Panax  Gum.     By  J.  H.  Maiden,  F.L.S.,  &c 3.5 

Studies  in  Australian  Entomology.  No.  v.— Notes  on  the  Sub-family 
Bro.sci.n'I  (Garahiche),  with  Descriptions  of  new  Species.  By 
Thomas  G.  Slo AXE  45 

Notes  on  Australian  Coleoptera,  with  Descriptions  of  new   Species. 

Part  XI.     By- the  Rev.  T.  Blackburn,  B. A.,  Corr.  Mem 65 

Xotes  on  Australian  Cynipida',  wdth  Descriptions  of  several  new 
Species.     By  WalteiT  W.  Froggatt 152 

Observations   on   the   Charojjida'.     Part   i.     By   C.   Hedley,  F.L.S. 

(Plates  I.  and  11.) 157 

A  second  undescribed  Form  of  Womerah  from  Nortliern  Australia. 
By  R.  Etheridge,  Junr.  (Paheontologist  to  the  Australian 
Museum,  and  Geological  Survey  of  N.S.W.).     (Plate  iii.) 170 

Elections  and  Ainiounoements  1,21,42 

Donations  1,21,42 

Notes  and  E.xhibits       20,-10,174 


h»Mj  N.HfMh-ir  ,.V,  ISOi. 


THE 


,s^(K 


PROCEEDINGS 


LINNEAN  SOCIETY 


NEW    SOUTH    V7ALES 


SEC03^T3D     SEISIES. 


A^OL.  VII. 

FART    THE    SECOND. 
Containing  the    Papers  read  at  the  Meetin( 

HELM    IN 

APRIL,    MAY,    AND    JUNE,    1892. 
"VW^ITH    ONE    I>IjiAXJE. 


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,,      Part  2 0     7  6 

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,,                ,,       Part  2  0    8  0 

Parts  0  12  0 

,,                    „                ,,        Part  4  1     7  0 

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Vol.  VI.  (Second  Ser.)  Containing  Proceedings  for  1891.  Part  1  0  10  0 

,,                 ,,       Part  2  0     9  6 

„        Parts  0  17  0 

]\                ,,                    ,,                    „                ,,       Part  4  0    7  6 

Vol.  VII  (Second  Ser.)  Containing  Proceedings  for  1892,  Part  1  0     6  6 

Part  2  0     4  6 

A  reduction  of  20  per  cent,  on  the  aljove  charges  is  made 
to  Memlier.s  of  the  Society. 

The  Transactions  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  New  South 
Wales,  2  vols.,  8vo  [Vol.  i.  five  Parts,  1863-66;  Vol.  il.  five 
Parts,  1869-73  ;  all  published],  price  £2,  net,  are  also  obtainable, 
but  neither  the  Parts  nor  the  Volumes  are  sold  separately. 


CONTENTS  OF  VOL.  Yll.,  PART  2. 

(SECOND  SERIES.) 


PAG  i; 
A  viviparous  Australian  Pevipatus  (P.  hurkurfil,   Siing.).     By  J.   J. 

Fletcher,  M. A.,  B.Sc 179 

Jottings  from  the  Biological  Laboratory  of  the  Sydney  University. 
By' Professor  W.  A.  Haswell,  M.A.,  D.Sc. 

No.  16. — Note  on  the  Occurrence  of  a  Flagellate  Infusorian  as 
an  Intra-cellular  Parasite  ..  197 

Catalogue  of  the  Described  Hymenoptera  of  Aus6fe>Ua.     Part  II.     By 

W.  W.  Froguatt 20.-^ 

On  twenty  new  Species  of  Australian  Lepidoptera.     By  T.  P.  LrcAS, 

M.R.C.SE.,  L.S.A.,  Lond.,  L.R.C.P.Ed. 24'.) 

Further  Notes  on  the  Oviparity  of  the  larger  Victorian  Peripatus, 

generally  known  as /^.  /f-HrAa>//«.     By  Arthur  Dendy,  D.Sc.      ...  267 

List  of  twenty  Species  of  Mosses  collected  at  Lord  Howe  Island.     By 

T.  Whiteleg(;e,  F.R.M.S 277 

Notes  on  Australian  Coleoptera,  with  Descriptions  of  New  Species. 

Part  XIL     By  the  Rev.  T.  BLACKurRN,  B.A.,  Corr.  Mem.  ..    2S;^ 

Note  on  a  new  Decapodous  Crustacean, P/o>.o^.)oh  Etheridtjei,  H.  Woodw., 
from  the  Cretaceous  of  Queensland.  By  Henry  Woodwart>. 
LL.D.,  F.R.S.,  of  the  British  Museum,  London     (Plate  iv.)        ..    301 

Note  on  Queensland  Cretaceous  Crustacea.     By  R.  Etheridge,  Junr.     3(i."i 

On  Ltaia  Miichel/i,  Etheridge^'fil.,  from  the  Upper  Coal  Measures  of 
the  Newcastle  District.  By  R.  Etheridge,  Junr.,  Palaeontologist 
to  the  Australian  Museum,  and  Geological  Survey  of  N.  S.  ^Yalf  s    307 

On  the  Genus  P(/r?Vr/a.     By  C.  Medley,  FL.S 311 

Elections  and  Announcements  202 

Donations  17."),  202.  •279 

Note?  and  E.Khibits      200.277.313 


Jsmed  March  16,  1893. 


THE 


PROCEEDINGS 

OF    THE 

LINNEAN  SOCIETY 

OF 

NEW   SOUTH    WALES. 


SEOOnsriD     SEI^IES. 


VOL.  VII. 

PART    THE    THIRD. 
Containing  Uie   Papers  read  at  tlie  Meetings 

HELD   IN 

JULY-DECEMBER  (in   Part),  1892. 
VriTXI    SEVEN    I*r.AXES. 


SYDNEY : 
PUINTKD    AND    PUBLISHED    FOR    THE    SOCIETV 

BY 

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NOTICE. 

With  the  exception  of  Volumes  I.-VI.  of  the  Proceedings — of 
which  the  Society's  stock  was  totally  destroyed  in  the  Garden 
Palace  Fire — the  Publications  of  the  Linnean  Society  of  N.S.W. 
may  be  obtained  at  the  Society's  Hall,  Ithaca  Eoad,  Elizabeth 
Bay,  Sydney,  from  Dulau  &.  Co.,  37  Soho  Square,  London,  W.,  or 
R.  Friedlander  &  Sohn,  Carlstrasse  11,  Berlin,  N.W.,  at  the  fol- 
lowing prices  : —  ^    ^   ^1 

Vol.  VII.  Containing  Proceedings  for  1832,  Part  1 0    7  6 

„                     „                     „       Part2 0  10  0 

,,                    ,,                    ,,      Parts 0    5  0 

,,      Part  4 0  10  0 

Vol.  VJU.  Containing  Proceedings  for  1 883,  Part  1 0  10  0 

,,      Part  2 0    5  0 

,,      Parts 0     7  0 

,,      Part  4 0    8  0 

Vol.  IX.  Contaimng  Proceedings  for  1884,  Part  1 0    8  0 

„      Part  2 0  12  0 

,,                    ,,                    „      Parts 1     5  0 

„      Part4 1     5  0 

Vol.  X.   Containing  Proceedings  for   1885,  Part  1 0  12  0 

,,      Part  2 0     7  6 

,,      Parts 0  15  0 

„      Part  4 0  17  6 

Vol.  I.  (Second  Ser.)  Containing  Proceedings  for  1886,  Part  1  0  10  6 

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„       Part  3  0  13  0 

Part  4  0  12  6 

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Part  4  1     7  0 

Vol.  III.  (Second  Ser.)  Containing  Proceedings  for  1 888,  Part  1  0  15  0 

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Parts  1     0  0 

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Vol.  V.  (Second  Ser.)  Containing  Proceedings  for  1890,  Parti  0  110 

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,,       Part  2  0     9  6 

Part  S  0  17  0 

„       Part  4  0     7  6 

Vol.  VII.  (Second  Ser.)  Containing  Proceedings  for  1892,  Parti  0     6  6 

Part  2  0     4  6 

Parts  0     8  0 

A  reduction  of  20  per  cent,   on  the  above  charges  is  made 
to  Members  of  the  Society. 

The  Transactions  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  New  South 
Wales,  2  vols.,  8vo  [Vol.  i.  five  Paits,  1863-66;  Vol.  ii.  five 
Parts,  1869-73  ;  all  published],  price  £2,  net,  are  also  obtainable, 
but  neither  the  Parts  nor  the  Volumes  are  sold  separately. 


CONTENTS  OF  VOL.  VII.,  PART  3  (i-ontinued)— 

PAGE 

Some  New  South  Wales  Plants  Illustrated.     By  R.  T.  Baker.     No.  iii. 

Acacia  pufjionifonnin,  \\ei\d.\.     (Plate  viii.) 379 

On  the  supposed  New  Zealand  Species  of  Lcptopoma.     By  0.  F.  vou 

MOELLENDORFF,   PhD 385 

Schizof/lossa :   a  new  Genus  of  Carnivorous  Snails.     By  C.  Hedley, 

F.L.S.     (Plates  IX. -X.) 387 

Note  on  Gastrodin  sesamoides,  R.Br.     By  the  Rev.  W.  Woolls,  Ph.D., 

F.L.S 393 

Oological  Notes.     By  Alfred  J.  North,  F.L.S. 

i. — Notes  on  the  Nesting-place  and  Eggs  of  Hulcyon  sordid iix, 

Gould 395 

ii. — Notes  on  the  Nesting-place   and  Eggs  of  Cyaiiorhamphus 
rayneri,  G.  R.  Gray.        ..  397 

Modifications  of  the  Bilhtta  or  Gnaleuliiuj  Womerah.     By  R.  Ethe- 

RIUGE,  Junr.     (Plate  XI.)  399 

Description  of  a  new  Tree-frog  from  New  South  Wales.     By  G.  A. 

BOULENGER.  403 

■» Observations  on  the  Myology  of  Palinunis  Edtcarda'd.  By  Professor 
T.  Jeffkry  Parker,  D.Sc,  F.R.S.,  and  Josephine  Gordon  Rich. 
[Titk.^        410 

*0n  Parmacochlea  Fincheri,  Smith.    By  C.  Hedley,  F.L.S.    [Title.]  ...  410 

•XOn  the  Geographical  Relations  of  the  Floras  of  Norfolk  and  Lord  Howe 

Islands.     By  Professor  Ralph  Tate,  F.L.S.,  F.G.S.     [Title.]      ...410 

Revision  of  the  Australian  Amaryrjmide--<.    By  the  Rev.  T.  Blackburn, 

B.A.,  Corr.  Mem.     Parti.  The  Genus  C'Aa^ro2>^erH.s  411 

F:iections  and  Announcements  315,329,348,374,381,406 

Donations  315,329,348,374,381,406 

Notes  and  Exhibits      328,344,373,380,404 

*  I'apers  marked  with  an  asterisk  will  be  published  in  the  Macleay  Memorial  Volume. 


CONTENTS  ()F*V()L,  VII.,  PART  3. 

(SECOND  SERIES.) 


PA(  i  E 

Observations-  on  the  Poisonous  Constituents  of  the  Venom  of  the 
Australian  Black  Snake  (Psendechis  2^orphi/riacus).  Bj'  C.  J. 
Martix,  M.B.,  B.Sc.      ...      ' 319 

Gall-making  Biiprestids.     By  Walter  W.  Froggatt 323 

*^0n  the   Pliocene  Mollusca  of   New   Zealand.      By  Professor   F.  W. 

H0TTON,  F. as.,  Hon.  Mem.  L.S.N. S.W.     [Title.]  327 

*  Contributions  to  our  Knowledge  of  Ceratodus.     .Part  I. — The  Blood 

Vessels.     By  Professor  W.  Baldwin  Spenckr,  M. A.     [Title.]  ...  327 

*Notfes  on  an  Un'desci-ibed  Acacia  from  New  South  Wales.     By  B.irou 

von  Mueller,  K.C.M.G.,  M.  &  Pli.D.,  LL.D.,  F.R.S.     [Title.]...  327 

*  Some  New  South  Wales  Plants  Illustrated.     By  R.  T.  Baker.     No.  ii. 

Tarrietia  aygyrodejulron,  Tieath.    .(Plate  v.)...  ...  ...  ...  3,33 

The  Range  of  Placo.itylus ;  a  Study  in  Ancient  Geography.     By  C. 

Hedley,  F.L.S ■ 335 

•Jottings  from  the  Biological  Laboratory  of  the  Sydney  Universits'. 
By  Professor  W.  A.  Haswell,  M.A.,  T>.S(» 

No.  17.— Three  Zoological  Novelties  340 

*  Observations  upon    the  Anatomy  of  the  Muzzle  of    Ornithorhymhii.-'. 

By  Professor  .J.  T.  Wilson,  M.B.,  and  C.  J.  MartIxV,  M.B.,  B.Sc. 

.[Title.]         ...         ...         ...  343 

*  On  the  peculiar  Rod-like  Tactile  Oi-gans  in  the  Integument  and  Mucous 

Membrane  of  the  Muzzle  oi  OrnifhorhyuchH'<.     By  Professor  J.  T. 
WiLsoji,  M.B.,  anS  C.  J.  M.^rtin,  M.B.,  B.Sc.     [Title.]  ...       " .-..  343 

Note  on  the  Occurrence  of  certain  Fossils  in  previously  unrecor'ded 
■localities  ipN.S.W.,  with  Remarks  on  the  Correlation  of  certain 
Beds  in  the  Newcastle  and  Illawarra  Districts.    By  John  Mitchell  345 

*  Description  of  a  new  Hakea.ivom  Eastern   New  South  W^ales.     By 

Baron  von  Mueller,  K.C.m!g.,  M.  &  Ph.D.,  F.R  S.,.and  J.  H. 
Maiden,-F.L.S.,  F.C.Sj^     [Title.]     ' 352 

Notes  on  the  Family  Bracky.'ioelida',  with  some  Account  of  their  Para- 
sites*, and  Descriptions  of  new  Species.  Part  i.  By  Waltek  \\ . 
Froggatt.     (Plates  vi.,-vii.)      ...     @ '    ...      ^ 353 

Note  on  the  Fructification  of  (r/o.«02:)^eW.s-.     By  John  Mitchell  ...  377 

*Observations^on  certain  Undescrib»d  (iall-makiug  Corcido'  of  the  Sub- 

Family  Brachy.sceliim.     By  A.  Sidney  Olliff.     [Title.]   ...         .°.  378 

*  PaiJers  marked  with  an  asterisk  will  be  published  in  the  Macleay  llenioiial  \oluiue. 
[Contentu  continued  on  par/e  -3  of  Wrapper.-] 


Issued  .May  1,  1S9J. 


?^^ 


^' 


'%  THE  ^  ^^ 

PEOCEEDINGS 

OF    THE 

LINNEAN  SOCIETY 

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VOL.  VII. 

PART    THE    FOURTH. 
Containing  the   Papers  read  at  the  Meeting 

HELD    IN 

DECEMBER    (in    Part),  1892. 


SYDNEY  : 

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Part  4  1     7  0 

Vol.  III.  (Second  Ser.)  Containing  Proceedings  for  1888,  Part  10  15  0 

Part  2  1     4  0 

Parts  1     0  0 

,,                     ,,                 „        Part  4  0  18  0 

Vol.  IV.  (Second  Ser.)  Containing  Proceedings  for  1889,  Part  10  110 

Part2  0  16  0 

Parts  0  19  0 

Part4  0  11  0 

Vol.  V.  (Second  Ser.)  Containing  Proceedings  for  1890,  Parti  0  11  0 

„                 ,,        Part  2  0     9  0 

,,                 ,,        Parts  0     9  0 

Part  4  0     9  0 

Vol.  VI.  (Second  Ser.)  Containing  Proceedings  for  1891,  Part  1  0  10  0 

,,                     „                     „                 „       Part  2  0     9  6 

,,       Part  S  0  17  0 

„       Part  4  0     7  6 

Vol.  VII.  (Second  Ser.)  Containing  Proceedings  for  1892,  Parti  0     6  6 

„                 ,,        Part  2  0     4  6 

Parts  0     8  0 

„                 ,,       Part  4  0     8  0 

A  reduction  of  20  per  cent,  on  the  above  charges  is  made 
to  Members  of  the  Society. 

The  Transactions  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  New  South 
Wales,  2  vols.,  8vo  [Vol.  r.  five  Parts,  1863-66;  Vol.  ii.  five 
Parts,  1869-73;  all  published],  price  £2,  net,  are  also  obtainable, 
ibut  neither  the  Parts  nor  the  Volumes  are  sold  separately. 


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